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Africtt. Vol 19 0 No 3 0 1989

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Africtt. Vol 19 0 No 3 0 1989 AFRICtt. ISSN 0256 - 2804 ) 0 1 0 2 d e t a d ( r e h s i l b u P e h t y b d e t n a vol r g e c n e c i l r e d 19 n u y a w e 0 t a no G t e n i b a S y b 3 d e c u 0 d o 1989 r p e R Africa Insight is an independent publication which Annual subscription endeavours to promote insight into the process of change Rand Monetary Area R30,00 and development in Africa. Elsewhere $30,00 Airmail rates on application. The Institute does not necessarily subscribe to the opinions of contributors. Each volume corresponds with a calendar year and con­ sists of four numbers. © Copyright reserved. THE AFRICA INSTITUTE OF SOUTH AFRICA is an Contributions and subscriptions should be sent to: autonomous research and information service function­ The Editor ing on behalf of all population groups in South Africa. It POBox 630 was founded in 1960 by the South African universities PRETORIA and the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en 0001 Republic of South Africa Kuns as a central and academically independent Telephone: (012) 28-6970 organization to undertake scientific studies of African affairs. The Institute is governed by a Council on which these organizations, amongst others, are represented. Editor: Richard Cornwell Asst Editor: Marita Snyman Findings and analyses are disseminated through periodicals and other publications, tlie library, news Editorial Committee media, and public appearances by members of the Dr Simon Baynham Institute's staff. ) Dr Andre du Pisani 0 1 Dr Denis Fair The Africa Institute of South Africa (reg no 61/00002/08) 0 Mr Richard Haines 2 is registered as a non-profit association. d Ms Frieda Harmsen e t Dr Stan Schoeman a d ( COUNCIL: Prof P Smit (Chairman), Prof PANel r (Deputy Chairman), Prof C J A Barratt, Mr J J H e h Publications Booysen, Prof W J Breytenbach, Prof J A Heyns, The s i l Africa Insight Hon Justice V G Hiemstra, Mr W B Holtes, Prof 0 A b u Journal of Contemporary African Studies Kotze, Dr 0 C Krogh, Sir Richard Luyt, Prof G P Occasional papers Maasdorp, Prof A C Nkabinde, Dr P S Rautenbach, Mr e h Communications Sole, Prof L T Taljaard, Prof H J van Aswegen, Prof t o y Statistics and factual information N J van der Merwe. b Maps d e t Africa Institute Bulletin (members only) n a DIRECTOR: G M E Leistner r g ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: P W Esterhuysen e c SECRETARY: B C Fisher n e c i l r e d n u y a Printed by Blackshaws (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town w e t a G t e n i b a S y b d e c u d o r p e R AFRICl\. vol 19 0 no3° 1989 ISSN 0256-2804 Reg. No. 61/00002108 an independent publication which promotes insight into the process of change in Africa. R5,65 (R5,OO + 0,65 GST). Cover by William Steyn Comment Towards a more dynamic and stable economic relationship between Mozambique and South Africa - Dr Prakash Ratilal 122 International relations South Africa and black Africa - Prof P Smit 125 British policies towards South Africa: The regional context - Dr Simon Baynham 130 • Politics Waiting for a negotiated settlement: South Africans in a changing world - Mark Swilling and Frederick van Zyl Slab bert 138 ) 0 1 0 2 Economics d e t Zimbabwe's economy: Problems and prospects - Dr Erich Leistner 147 a d ( r e h Ports and harbours s i l The ports and oil terminals of Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon - Denis Fair 153 b u P e h t Land tenure y b Tenancy and black freehold: Dimensions of history and authority in Natal - C R Cross and E M Preston-Whyte 160 d e t n a Development r g The Bushmen of Botswana - From desert dwellers to world citizens - A J G M Sanders 174 e c n e c i l Bookshetf 183 r e d n u y Africa monitor a - Jenny Macgregor w 185 e t a - G t e n i b a S y b d e c u d o r p e R Comment ------------------------------------------------------------------__________ - Towards a more dynamic and stable economic relationship between Mozambique and South Africa Dr Prakash Ratilal, Co-ordinator of Mozambique's National Executive Commis­ sion for the Emergency, comments on the possibilities for greater co-operation between South Africa and Mozambique. .J ) 0 I A 1 wind of change is blowing through awareness of the need to respect the and the condition of regional under­ every0 continent. The ending of the Cold norms of peaceful coexistence among development which has prevailed for 2 Ward and of regional conflicts, and the the states of the region. centuries. e beginningt of a new era of bilateral and Experience of international relations Southern Africa as a whole occupies a multilaterald contact and co-operation bears out the fact that differences in poli­ an important geostrategic position and ( arer manifestations of a climate in which tical, ideological, economic and social enjoys potential access to a vast market e tensionh is easing and dialogue and ideas do not nullify links, geographic for exports vital to the world economy. s i understandingl between the super­ continuity or contiguity, nor do they im­ The viable exploitation of its resources is b powersu and the military blocs are pose conditions on relationships or upon of interest to many countries. P becoming ever more prominent. the enlargement of economic and com­ The immense mineral resources and e h The values of peace, democracy and mercial ties. the strategic sea route round the t development are spreading throughout Each of the region's economies is fac­ southern tip of the African continent y b domestic and international societies and ing its own particular difficulties. They could contribute even more towards d economies.e Today the world is charac­ are affected by the instability prevailing stimulating international economic t terizedn increasingly by globalization and in the whole region and by the negative relations and making them more balan­ a interdependencer in economic and finan­ effects of deteriorating international ced. The capacities and resources avail­ g cial relations and by the continuing terms of trade, rising interest rates, able in each country could be applied to e expansionc of technology and of informa­ diminishing international credit, spiral­ great advantage in a variety of viable n e tionc and communications systems on a ling inflation and growing external debt. economic activities in association with i l worldwide scale. Co-operation is con­ In the face of modest economic perfor­ resources available in third countries. r sistentlye replacing confrontation. mance, solutions must be found to pro­ Changes in the geopolitics of the d n The winds of progress are also blow­ mote higher rates of economic growth region which occurred after the inde­ u ing towards peace and democratization and development and stable and varied pendence of Mozambique, Angola and y in a Southern Africa. These are times of economic cooperation. Zimbabwe brought about profound w greate hope - the end of colonialism in Southern Africa's potential is well changes in economic and commercial t Namibiaa is at hand, there are prospects known. All the countries of the sub­ relations in the region. The establish­ G for broad democratization in South continent possess immense resources of ment of the Southern African Develop­ t Africa,e there is progress in various pro­ interest not only to the region but also to ment Co-ordination Conference n cessesi of reconciliation and national har­ the world economy. There is a major (SADCC) provides a broad economic b monization,a especially in Angola and contradiction, however, between the framework for the extension of regional S Mozambique,y and there is a growing scale of those fabulous natural resources co-operation to benefit its nine member b d e c u 122d Africa Insight, vol 19, no 3, 1989 o r p e R I --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Comment countries. The SADCC promotes effec­ tive and realistic interdependence among the region's economies. The suc­ cesses achieved are already visible, particularly in the rehabilitation and operation of its rail and port systems, three of which are in Mozambican terri­ tory - the Beira, Limpopo and Nacala Corridors. There has been broad parti­ cipation and investment in the Mozam­ bican corridors by a number of coun­ tries, notably Canada, Sweden, Nor­ way, Great Britain, Holland and the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as other European Community countries, the United States and Japan. These in­ vestments are contributing towards the growing interdependence of the econo­ mies of the SADCC's members. A fourth corridor, which could be called the "Nkomati Corridor", linking Komatipoort and Ressano Garcia to Maputo is arousing enormous interest in business circles and on the part of the authorities in Mozambique and South The leader of the National Party, now President of South Africa, F W de Kleri<, and Minister of Foreign Africa. Affairs Pik Botha with President Joaquim Chissano of Mozambique, in Maputo, July 1989 Mozambique and South Africa have had economic and commercial relations taking into account the different levels agriculture, since the area to be irrigated for several decades. These relations of economic development. covers 70 thousand hectares. were) seriously strained by the prevailing The promotion of bilateral and regio­ In this context, the development of 0 climate1 of instability in the region resul­ nal co-operation implies the definition farming enterprises, cattle ranching, 0 ting2 from destabilization.
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