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Argentina-And-South-Africa.Pdf
1 2 Argentina and South Africa facing the challenges of the XXI Century Brazil as the mirror image 3 4 Argentina and South Africa facing the challenges of the XXI Century Brazil as the mirror image Gladys Lechini 5 Lechini, Gladys Argentina and South Africa facing the challenges of the XXI Century: Brazil as the mirror image. 1a ed. Rosario: UNR Editora. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2011. 300 p. ; 23x16 cm. ISBN 978-950-673-920-1 1. Política Económica. I. Título CDD 320.6 Diseño de tapa y diseño interior UNR Editora ISBN 978-950-673-920-1 © Gladys Lechini. 2011 IMPRESO EN LA ARGENTINA - PRINTED IN ARGENTINA UNR EDITORA - EDITORIAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ROSARIO SECRETARÍA DE EXTENSIÓN UNIVERSITARIA 6 To my son and daughter, Ramiro and Jimena, for their patience and love To Edgardo, my companion along this journey, for his love, support and understanding To my parents, for creating a comfortable environment to be myself. 7 8 Contents Acknowledgements | 11 Prologue | 13 Dedicatory | 15 Introduction | 17 Chapter I An Approach to Argentine-African Relations (1960-2000) | 30 Chapter II From Policy Impulses to Policy Outlines (1960-1989) | 52 Chapter III The Politics of No-Policy (1989-1999) | 75 Chapter IV The Mirror Image: Brazil’s African Policy (1960-2000) | 105 Chapter V Argentina and South Africa: Dual Policy and Ambiguous Relations (1960-1983) | 140 Chapter VI Defining the South African Policy: the Alfonsín Administration (1983-1989) | 154 Chapter VII Menem and South Africa: between Presidential Protagonism -
Argentina | Freedom House Page 1 of 5
Argentina | Freedom House Page 1 of 5 Argentina freedomhouse.org Popular support for President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner continued its decline in 2014, due primarily to inflation and insecurity. Officials devalued the peso by 19 percent in January in order to shore up international currency reserves (which fell to a seven-year low in 2014), prompting a surge in inflation. An estimated 24 to 30 percent annual inflation rate during the year eroded the purchasing power of Argentines and increased the incentive to buy black market dollars. Inflation rose in spite of the government’s price watch agreement—Precios Cuidados (“protected prices”)—which mandated reduced prices on more than 150 products sold in the largest supermarket chains. Argentina also struggled with declining public safety in 2014 as the country played an increasing role in the international drug trade. In April, a 24-hour general strike by labor unions brought large portions of the country to a standstill, affecting public transportation and government offices, and threatening the movement of the soybean harvest. Strikers demanded higher pay, lower taxes, and an increase in living standards amid the rising inflation. The Fernández administration attempted to meet the country’s persistent economic uncertainty with pragmatism. By agreeing to a $5 billion settlement, the government resolved a two-year dispute with Repsol, a Spanish company whose controlling stake in an Argentine oil firm had been nationalized in 2012. The national statistics agency made efforts to increase transparency by reporting more credible inflation data, and the government exercised fiscal restraint by cutting expensive and unsustainable water and natural gas subsidies. -
The Cassinga Massacre of Namibian Exiles in 1978 and the Conflicts Between Survivors’ Memories and Testimonies
ENDURING SUFFERING: THE CASSINGA MASSACRE OF NAMIBIAN EXILES IN 1978 AND THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN SURVIVORS’ MEMORIES AND TESTIMONIES BY VILHO AMUKWAYA SHIGWEDHA A Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of the Western Cape December 2011 Supervisor: Professor Patricia Hayes ABSTRACT During the peak of apartheid, the South African Defence Force (SADF) killed close to a thousand Namibian exiles at Cassinga in southern Angola. This happened on May 4 1978. In recent years, Namibia commemorates this day, nationwide, in remembrance of those killed and disappeared following the Cassinga attack. During each Cassinga anniversary, survivors are modelled into „living testimonies‟ of the Cassinga massacre. Customarily, at every occasion marking this event, a survivor is delegated to unpack, on behalf of other survivors, „memories of Cassinga‟ so that the inexperienced audience understands what happened on that day. Besides survivors‟ testimonies, edited video footage showing, among others, wrecks in the camp, wounded victims laying in hospital beds, an open mass grave with dead bodies, SADF paratroopers purportedly marching in Cassinga is also screened for the audience to witness the agony of that day. Interestingly, the way such presentations are constructed draw challenging questions. For example, how can the visual and oral presentations of the Cassinga violence epitomize actual memories of the Cassinga massacre? How is it possible that such presentations can generate a sense of remembrance against forgetfulness of those who did not experience that traumatic event? When I interviewed a number of survivors (2007 - 2010), they saw no analogy between testimony (visual or oral) and memory. They argued that memory unlike testimony is personal (solid, inexplicable and indescribable). -
1983 November.Pdf
1 o o •-3 33 > Z C/l 33 O 33 LO O I—4 00 OJ i??g»ss s S 1.8 |»|S-?S Ii irifim fmi! il!?|l till I! li <«3 s°§;z S?| ? § faj $13 ^a23 CO W«S' “ a 2 McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs II Whnoh.il! I j.rulonSWIA 211/ T.-k-pImiw "I 'M»»«.wV> ! THE TIMES News in ! 30.11.83 summary Exocet hit by Sea Wolf Two of the next three type 22 frigates are to be named after the Sheffield and Coventry, which were sunk last year by Exocet missiles during the Falklands campaign, Mr John Lee, the Under Secretary of State for Defence Procurement, told the Commons on Monday. An Exocet was shot down for the first time by a ship-launched Sea Wolf missile at maximum range in a trial last week, Mr DAILY TELEGRAPH Lee announced. The firing will be shown on television soon. 30.11.83 v ■> Former Argentine leader Cen. Gal fieri leaving the Buenos Aires offices of the Supreme Armed Forces Council where a panel of officers found him “ grossly negligent and incompetent” in his handling of the Falklands conflict and recommended that he be formally charged with serious violations of the military code. McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone: 01-9306935 md l ; l ! The Standard 30th November 1983 Diver beat danger to reach secrets i THE courage of Navy i diver Michael Harrison by Marion Ellis was rewarded today when he received the Queen’s Gallantry Medal at Buckingham Palace. -
Namibia Since Geneva
NAMIBIA SINCE GENEVA Andr6 du Pisani OCCASIONAL PAPER GELEEIUTHEIDSPUBUKASIE >-'''' •%?'"' DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE INSTITUUT VAN INTERNASIONAIE AANGEIEENTHEDE THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Mr. Andre du Pisani is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at the University of South Africa. He is an acknowledged authority on SWA/Namibia, with numerous publications to his credit. It should be noted that any opinions expressed in this article are the responsibility of the author and not of the Institute. NAMIBIA SINCE GENEVA Andre du Pisani Contents Introduction Page 1 Premises of the West f. 1 Geneva: Backfrop and Contextual Features ,,.... 2 The Reagan Initiative - Outline of a position ........... 6 Rome - a New Equation Emerges T... 7 May - Pik Botha visits Washington ,.. tT,. f 7 South Africa's Bedrock Bargaining Position on Namibia ... 8 Clark Visit 8 Unresolved issues and preconditions t.. 8 Nairobi - OAU Meeting , 9 Mudge and Kalangula.Visit the US 9 Ottawa Summit '. , 10 Crocker meets SWAPO t 10 The Contact Group meets in Paris , , 10 Operation Protea T T 12 Constructive Engagement. - Further Clarifications 13 Confidence-building - The Crocker Bush Safari , 15 Prospects ,, 16 ISBN: 0 - 909239 - 95 - 9 The South African Institute of International Affairs Jan Smuts House P.O. Box 31596 BRAAMFONTEIN 2017 South Africa November 1981 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to reflect on diplomatic efforts by the Western powers to reach a negotiated settlement of the Namibian saga. Understandably one can only reflect on the major features of what has become a lengthy diplomatic soap opera with many actors on the stage. -
Namibia After 26 Years
On the other side of the picture are elements in the police and to devote their energies instead to making the force who are not neutral, or are trigger-happy, or are country ungovernable. Such lessons are more easily both. They may well be covert rightwingers trying to learnt than forgotten. Ungovernability down there, where sabotage reform. Other rightwingers seem set on making the necklace lies in wait for non-conformists, and the the mining town of Welkom a no-go area for Blacks. They incentive to learn has been largely lost, presents the ANC may not stop there. with a major problem. For Mr De Klerk it certainly makes his task of persuading Whites to accept a future in a non- More disturbing than any of this has been the resurrection racial democracy a thousand times more difficult. of the dreaded "necklace", surely one of the most despicable and dehumanising methods over conceived So what has to be done if what is threatening to become a for dealing with people you think might not be on your lost generation is to be saved, and if something like the side. The leaders of the liberation movement who failed, Namibian miracle is to be made to happen here? for whatever reason, to put a stop to this ghastly practice when it first reared its head amongst their supporters all People need to be given something they feel is important those years ago, may well live to rue that day. Only and constructive to do. What better than building a new Desmond Tutu and a few other brave individuals ever society? risked their own lives to stop it. -
SOUTH AFRICA, the COLONIAL POWERS and 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' by the Same Author
SOUTH AFRICA, THE COLONIAL POWERS AND 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' By the same author ECONOMIC POWER IN ANGLO-SOUTH AFRICAN DIPLOMACY DIPLOMACY AT THE UN (edited with Anthony Jennings) INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: States, Power and Conflict since 1945 THE POLITICS OF THE SOUTH AFRICA RUN: European Shipping and Pretoria RETURN TO THE UN: UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts South Africa, the Colonial Powers and'African Defence' The Rise and Fall of the White Entente, 1948-60 G. R. Berridge Readerill Politics University ofLeicester © G. R. Berridge 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1992 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or * transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, london W1T 4lP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PAlGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PAlGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press llC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers ltd (formerly Macmillan Press ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-39060-1 ISBN 978-0-230-37636-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230376366 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. -
The Voices of the Disappeared: Politicide in Argentina and Chile
THE VOICES OF THE DISAPPEARED: POLITICIDE IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE A thesis submitted to the Kent State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors by Evin Hessel December, 2019 i ii ii Thesis written by Evin Hessel Approved by _____________________________________________________________________, Advisor ________________________________________, Chair, Department of Anthropology Accepted by ___________________________________________________, Dean, Honors College ii iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………...…….....iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………………….vi CHAPTERS I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………...………1 i. Chile……………………………………………………...………..2 ii. Argentina…………………………………………………………..6 iii. Genocide or Politicide?..................................................................10 iv. Morality…………………………………………………………..12 II. THE ABDUCTED………………………………………………………….…....16 i. Secret Detention Centers……………………..…………….…….19 III. TORTURE……………………………………………………………………….24 i. Medical Involvement…………………………………………….28 ii. Anti-Semitism…………………………………………...……….30 IV. EXECUTION ……………………………………………………………………32 V. DISPOSAL………………………………………………………………………39 i. Mass Graves……………………………………………………...41 ii. Death Flights……………………………………………………..44 iii. Other Methods…………………………………………...………45 VI. THE AFTERMATH……………………………………………………………..48 i. The Fall of Pinochet……………………………………………..48 ii. Videla Steps Down………………………………………………51 iii. Excavations………………………………………………………53 VII. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..56 i. Politicide -
Caused a Major Political Crisis That Is Still to Be Resolved. the Present Report Discusses Some Events Relating to Human Rights During the Crisis
14 I LJ 4 I ~~O hRGSNIIISWA)R(T &S~) U.S. DEPT. OP SyhIX, h/RPS/IPS P. Grays)d, Director ' ! r rrr (&Release ( ) Sxeise ( ) Deny xempnon(s): Ju, I'I &z ~:()In Pan ( )InPn8 ) Class(i'y ss ( ) ( ) Reseed as ( ) so Dsss ~on ~Reason ARGENTINA: Human Rights During the Falklands/Malvinas Crisis The April 2 takeover of the Falklands/Malvinas Islands by the Argentine Armed Forces produced a major change in the polit- ical climate in Argentina with significant repercussions for human rights. - The military defeat culminating on June 15 has caused a major political crisis that is still to be resolved. The present report discusses some events relating to human rights during the crisis. I. The Desa arecidos The government has not accounted for thousands of persons who disappeared between 1976 and 1981 after their arrest by security forces. A vague promise by Minister of the Interior Gen. Alfredo St. Jean in March, to the effect that some families would be in- formed privately of the fate of their relatives, has not been fol- lowed up. The methodology of disappearances, i.e. , kidnappings by plainclothesmen in unmarked cars, in broad daylight and with impressive display of weapons and violence, was used again during the height of the conflict; one American journalist and three British TV journalists were abducted from the street in downtown Buenos Aires in front of the Foreign Ministry, on May 11 and 12 . 87FI23 178/293 After a few hours, all of them were found alive in the suburbs, naked and stripped of their personal possessions. -
Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities: Asymétries Et
SOUS LA DIRECTION DE Dorval Brunelle sociologue, Directeur de l’Institut d’Études Internationales de Montréal, UQAM (2012) Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities. Asymétries et convergences. Un document produit en version numérique par Jean-Marie Tremblay, bénévole, professeur de sociologie au Cégep de Chicoutimi Courriel: [email protected] Site web pédagogique : http://www.uqac.ca/jmt-sociologue/ Dans le cadre de la collection: "Les classiques des sciences sociales" Site web: http://classiques.uqac.ca/ Une collection développée en collaboration avec la Bibliothèque Paul-Émile-Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Site web: http://bibliotheque.uqac.ca/ Dorval Brunelle (dir.), Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities… (2012) 2 Politique d'utilisation de la bibliothèque des Classiques Toute reproduction et rediffusion de nos fichiers est interdite, même avec la mention de leur provenance, sans l’autorisation for- melle, écrite, du fondateur des Classiques des sciences sociales, Jean-Marie Tremblay, sociologue. Les fichiers des Classiques des sciences sociales ne peuvent sans autorisation formelle: - être hébergés (en fichier ou page web, en totalité ou en partie) sur un serveur autre que celui des Classiques. - servir de base de travail à un autre fichier modifié ensuite par tout autre moyen (couleur, police, mise en page, extraits, support, etc...), Les fichiers (.html, .doc, .pdf., .rtf, .jpg, .gif) disponibles sur le site Les Classiques des sciences sociales sont la propriété des Classi- ques des sciences sociales, un organisme à but non lucratif com- posé exclusivement de bénévoles. Ils sont disponibles pour une utilisation intellectuelle et personnel- le et, en aucun cas, commerciale. Toute utilisation à des fins com- merciales des fichiers sur ce site est strictement interdite et toute rediffusion est également strictement interdite. -
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION: 5EL~· D£/FRM!NATIO ~ LAW MD POLITICS ELIZA8ET~ S. LANDIS EPISCOPAL CHUR&liMEN for SOUTH Room 1005 • 853 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003 • Phone: (212) 477·0066 -For A Free S1111tbem Alritll- NOVEMBER 1982 NAMIBIAN LIBERATION Independence for Namibia is one of the forenost issues of today's world that cries for solution. The Namibian people have been subjected to bru tal foreign rule and their land exploited by co lonial powers for a century. Their thrust for freedom has intensified since 1966 when SWAPO launched its armed struggle against the illegal South African occupiers of its country. Their cause has been on the agendas of the League of Nations and the United Nations for m:>re than six decades . NCM, after five-and-a-half years of 'delicate negotiations 1 managed by five Western powers , Namibia is no nearer independence. Pretoria is m:>re repressively in oontrol of the Terri torY and uses it as a staging ground for its militarY encroaclunents into Angola and as a fulcrum for its attempt to reverse the tide of liberation in Southern Africa. Yet the talks conducted by the Western Contact Group are dragged on, with the United States gov ernment insisting that Angola denude itself of its CUban allies as a pre-condition for a 1 Namibian settlement" . There is widespread confusion on just where the matter of Namibia stands. This report is designed to penetrate the tangle. This clear, succinct and timely analysis of the Namibian issue by Elizabeth S. landis comes out of the author's yearn of work in the African field and her dedication to the cause of freedom in Southern Africa. -
A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa
A SURVEF YO RACE RELATIONS SOUTN I H AFRICA IQ15 Compiley b d MURIEL HORRELL TONY HODGSON Research staff South African Institut f Raco e e Relations ISBN 0 86982 119 9 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 JOHANNESBURG JANUARY 1976 k POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS THE WHITE POPULATION GROUP NATIONAL PARTY Durin e yeath g r under review, South Afric s inevitablha a y ; become increasingly concerned and involved with events in the neighbouring countrie f Rhodesiao s , Mozambique d Angolaan , . The Prime . VorsterJ Minister . B s pledge . ha , Mr , d himseld an f . 'his governmen o strivt t r peacefo e , co-operation, progressd an , • developmen Southern i t n Afric d Afric a an wholea s a a n doinI . g so, he has made new and highly significant contacts with Zambia, Tanzania, Botswana d certaian , n other African states, .besides 'Overseas countries. : Speaking in the House of Assembly on 7 February1 Mr. Vorster said, "I thinlc a better understanding of South Africa has developed Africn i worlde i d th n. Ther .. aan s bee ha ea nclea r acceptance f Africa"o e ar ,tha e . w tHowever s notea , d late n thii r s Survey, line attitudeStateU OA a numbeSouto t sf e o sth hf o rAfric a have •hardened. ? As described in the chapter on South West Africa, Mr. Vorslcr ; ,has mad t i cleae r that this territory wile granteb l d complete L Independence as soon as possible, but that it will be for the people r Swapono N o e territort U , th e f •o th yr fo concerned t no d an , determine their future for f governmentmo .