DOCSLIB.ORG

United Nations Digital Library System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United Nations Digital Library System UNITED Distr. ', .;, ., GENERAL .:1' s/10132 : '! 'ia 26 February 1971 ,! ORIGINAL: ENGLISH '. 1 : , ji I .' I LElX'l3R DATED 24 FEXBUARY 1771 FROM THE EXEXUTIVE SECRE'IIRRY OF TB3 ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UlKKCY AT THE UNITED NATIONS ADXRESSED / ;/, TO THE: PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY C0u'NCI.L ,' ! In conformity with Article 5b of the Charter of the United Nations, 1 have the honour to transmit to YOW Excellency -4-0~ the information of the Security 'Council text of the memorandum on the Simonstown Agreement prepared by the Organization of African Unity. (Signed) Mamadon Moctar' WIAM -- Axnbassador Executive Secretary of the Organization of African Unity at the United Nations 71-03397 s/10132 English Page 2 MEMORANDUMON THE SIMONSTOWNAGREEMENT The United Kingdom Government has claimed that it has an obligation under the so-called Simonstown Agreement to supply more warships and other naval equipment to the racist South African re'gime. It has persisted in this claim despite the appeals by the Organization of African Unity and the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries and resolutions of the United Nations Security Council and the General Assembly, as well as massive opposition in Great Britain and the Commonwealth to the sale of arms to the Pretoria rbgime. A study of the so-called Simonstown Agreement shows clearly that the United Kingdom has no obligation to sell any more military equipment to South Africa. Moreover, the Agreement itself, concluded fifteen years ago, before the achievement of independence by most African States and the establishment of the Organization of African Unity, is anachronistic and can have little validity at the present time. Any revitalization of that Agreement, accompanied by the breach of the arms embargo against South Africa and attempts to link South Africa by the backdoor with NATO, cannot but be regarded by the independent African States as an unfriendly and hostile act. The term -M.--m--"Simonstown Agreement'm-2 _I--a misnomer The so-called Simonstown Agreement consists of exchanges of four letters between the British Minister of Defence, Mr. Selwyn Lloyd, and the South African Minister of Defence, Mr. F.C.&asmus, in London on 30 June 1955. They were published under the title: "Exchanges of Letters on Defence Matters between the Governments of the United Kingdom and the Vnion of South Africa, June 1955" '( Comd. 9520). They were entitled: (a) Memorandum on the need for international discussions with regard to regional defence; (b) Agreement on defence of the sea routes round Southern Africa; (c) Transfer of the Simonstown Naval Base and arrangements for its future use; and (d) Details of the ancillary administrative and financial arrangements for the purpose of implementing the agreement on the transfer of the Simonstown Naval Base. / . S/10132 English Page 3 Only (c) and (d) concern the Simon&own Naval Base and only (c) can properly be called the Simonstown Agreement, The first three exchanges of letters were registered more than a year later, in August 1956, with the United Nations and were published in the ---United Nations Beaty Series, No. 3495. They are reproduced in full in the a:;ndx 50 this memorandum, Moreover) in registering the letters with the United Nations, the United Kingdom Government indicated that (a) "does not contain any substantive obligations but is registered in order to facilitate understanding of the other two agreements". -k?reement contains------ no obligation --- to continue-- supply of arms The only provision concernLng supply of arms by the United Kingdom to South Africa is not in the exchange of letters on the transfer of the SimOnStOWn Naval Base, but in the "Agreement on the defence of the sea routes round Southern Africa". Paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Agreement read: "2 l The Union Government have approved a programme for the expansion Of the South African Navy. The programme will be spread over a period of eight years from 1955 to 1963, and will involve the purchase of the following vessels 1 which will be added to the existing fleet: - 6 Anti-submarine Frigates; - 10 Coastal Minesweepers; - 4 Seaward Defence Boats. 3. Tn.e Union Government will. place firm orders in the United Kingdom for the purchase of these vessels, costing some 818 million. The Britis: Admiralty agree to act as agents for the Union Government in this matter . Thus, the only obligation of the United Kingdom was to facilitate purchase of some equipment before 1963, As these purchases were completed (except for tW0 Vessels for which South Africa cancelled the orders, no further legal obligation remains. If there had been such an obligation, South Africa could have denounced the Agreement when the Labour Government announced an arms embargo in 1964. The conclusion is not disputed even by South Africans. Mr. C.J.R. DUgard, Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Witwatersrand, wrote in the South African---- Law Journal of May 1968: s/10132 English Page 4- "There is no other provision dealing with the supply of coastal defence vessels (and none at all dealing with the supply of aircraft). It therefore seems clear that Britain's legal obligations in this respect came to an end before the British Government's decision to discontinue the supply of arms to South Africa in November, 1364." Mr. G.G. Lawrie, Senior Lecturer in Political Studies at the University of Witwatersrand, wrote in the same journal: II . The text of the Correspondence gives no support to the charge that the failure of Britain to supply arms to South Africa is a breach of her treaty obligations". Leaders of the British Conservative Party and the South African regime have had to resort to arguments on the "spirit" of the Agreement or a "moral" obligation under the Agreement to defend the supply to South Africa of arms and ammunition. On this point, the comment of Mr. C.J.R. Dugard is very pertinent, He wrote: "As Britain's sole obligation to supply defence equipment to South Africa in terms of the Simonstown Agreement was restricted to a specified number of naval vessels to be furnished between 1955 and 1963, it cannot seriously be contended that her decision to impose an embargo on the sale of arms and ammunition to South Africa constitutes a breach of the Agreement. Furthermore, if Britain did have a 'moral* obligation to continue the supply of defence equipment to South Africa after 1963, this must clearly have given way to her legal obligation to carry out the recommendations of the Security Council m-such supplies of arms be discontinued. This does not mean that the resolutions were mandatory but simply that they imposed an obligation upon Britain to consider them in good faith, with a view to putting them into effect. However weak and uncertain such an obligation may be, it is at least a legal obligation which takes precedence over a purely 'moral' obligation". If the United Kingdom resumes the supply of military equipment to South Africa, * in violation of resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, it will not be because of any legal obligations under the 1955 Agreement, but because of other motives. __----The importance.---I-- of the Simonstown---- Naval Base The Labour Party Government in Britain recognized that the Simonstown Naval Base had ceased to be of vital importance because of the developments in Asia and in naval strategy. At the end of 1966, it decided, for economic reasons, to withdraw her one warship stationed at Simonstown. It also decided to withdraw the Commander-in-Chief, / . S/l0132 English Page 5 ,., ‘~ South Atlantic, from Simonstown. In negotiations between Britain and South Africa : ',' ,,: in January 1967,.it was agreed that Britain would withdraw all its militarY : personnel from SimonstOwn and retain only a naval officer and a Small Staff to maintain liaison. Despite the British arms embargo and the virtual withdrawal of British military PYese%ce ii South Africa, the South African regime did not repudiate the Simonstown Agreement, One of the reasons for this attitude was explained by the JohannesburgI. -_-- Star on 6 January 1,968 as follows: : I1 .*s ',Ihile the Simonstown Agreement lasts Britain is by implication pmmitted L to help us defend, for example2 South West Africa against any comers . :!., ;' It will be seen from paragraph 7 of the "Agreement on defence of the sea ,'/. .: ', rOUb?s round Southern ;'Jfrica" that the Agreement covers the coast of Namibia, a .' I' territory for which the United Nations has assumed direct responsibility and which , : .I is under illegal occupation by the Pretoria regime. Ji,' the Pretoria re'gime is the possibility 8. An even more important consideration for 8' of linking itself with NATO or other military alliances through the military agreement with Britain. The bacQ;round of the 1955 Agreements is worth recalling in this connexion. I : ! I_-_The background ..-,..w-of the 19% Agreements--- The date of the Agreements - 30 June 1955 w is very significant. This was '. SOOn after the Asian-African Conference at Bandung. The South. African r&gime and the Central African Federation were deliberately not invited to that historic I,' .,:'5' Conference, while African leaders from colonial territories were welcomed. The 2 Conference adopted important decisions on the elimination of colonialism and -apartheid in Africa. This was also soon after the British decision to grant independence to Gold Coast, later Ghana, the first of the British colonial territories to achieve independence. The South .kfrican rkgime opposed the granting of independence to African territories, but its views had been ignored. Already in January 19534 the South African Prime Minister, Dr. Malan, had : proposed that an "African Charter " should be drawn up by Britain, France, Belgium, PcX?tugal and South Africa to ensure tllat Africa would develop as part of "Western .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Episcopalciiuriimen
    EPISCOPALCIIURIIMEN soUru VAFR[CA Room 1005 * 853 Broadway, New York, N . Y. 10003 • Phone : (212) 477-0066 , —For A free Southern Afilcu ' May 1982 MISSIONS MOVEMENTS NAMIBIA 'The U .S. 'overnment has become an agent in South Africa's "holy crusade" against Communism . ' - The Rev Dr Albertus Maasdorp, general secretary of the Council of Churches in Namibia, THE NEW YORK TIMES, 25 April 1982. It was a . mission of frustration and a harsh learning experience . Four Namibian churchmen made a month-long visit to Western nations to express their feelings about the unending, agonizing occupation of their country by the South African regime and the fruitless talks on a Namibian settlement which the .Western Contact Group - the USA, Britain, France ,West Germany and Canada - has staged for five long years . Anglican Bishop James Kauluma, presi- dent of the Council of Churches in Namibia ; Bishop Kleopas Du neni of the Evangelical Luth- eran Ovambokavango Church ; Pastor Albertus Maasdorp, general secretary of the CCN ;, and the, assistant to Bishop D,mmeni, Pastor Absalom Hasheela, were accompanied by a representative of the South African Council of Churches and the general secretary of the All Africa Coun- cil of Oburches which sponsored the trip . They visited France, Sweden, Britain and Canada, end terminated their journey in the United States . It was here that the Namibian pilgrims encountered the steely disregard for Namibian aspirations by functionaries of a major power mapped up in its geopolitical stratagems. They met with Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Chester .Crocker, whose time is primarily devoted to pursuing the mirage of a Pretorian agreement to the United Nations settlement plan for Namibia .
    [Show full text]
  • Personnel Strategies for the Sandf to 2000 and Beyond
    number fourteen THE CRITICAL COMPONENT: PERSONNEL STRATEGIES FOR THE SANDF TO 2000 AND BEYOND by James Higgs THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Established 1934 The Critical Component: Personnel Strategies for the SANDF to 2000 and Beyond James Higgs The Critical Component: Personnel Strategies for the SANDF to 2000 and Beyond James Higgs Director of Studies South African Institute of International Affairs Copyright ©1998 THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Jan Smuts House, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: (011) 339-2021; Fax: (011) 339-2154 All rights reserved ISBN: 1-874890-92-7 Report No. 14 SAIIA National Office Bearers Dr Conrad Strauss Gibson Thula • Elisabeth Bradley Brian Hawksworth • Alec Pienaar Dr Greg Mills Abstract This report contains the findings of a research project which examined the way in which the personnel strategies in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF ) are organised. A number of recommendations are made which are aimed at securing efficient, effective and democratically legitimate armed forces for South Africa. Section Four sets out the recommendations in the areas of: a public relations strategy for the SANDF ; the conditions of service which govern employment of personnel; a plan for retaining key personnel; a strategy for the adjustment of pay structures; a review of race representivity plans for the SANDF ; a strategy for reducing internal tension while reinforcing cultural identity and diversity; an overview of the rationalisation and retrenchment plans; observations on the health and fitness of the SANDF personnel; recommendations for increased efficiency in the administrative process and for the review of the current structure of support functions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 16, Nr 2, 1986. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J. N6thling* assisted by Mrs L. 5teyn* The early period for Blacks, Coloureds and Indians were non- existent. It was, however, inevitable that they As long ago as 1700, when the Cape of Good would be resuscitated when war came in 1939. Hope was still a small settlement ruled by the Dutch East India Company, Coloureds were As war establishment tables from this period subject to the same military duties as Euro- indicate, Non-Whites served as separate units in peans. non-combatant roles such as drivers, stretcher- bearers and batmen. However, in some cases It was, however, a foreign war that caused the the official non-combatant edifice could not be establishment of the first Pandour regiment in maintained especially as South Africa's shortage 1781. They comprised a force under white offi- of manpower became more acute. This under- cers that fought against the British prior to the lined the need for better utilization of Non-Whites occupation of the Cape in 1795. Between the in posts listed on the establishment tables of years 1795-1803 the British employed white units and a number of Non-Whites were Coloured soldiers; they became known as the subsequently attached to combat units and they Cape Corps after the second British occupation rendered active service, inter alia in an anti-air- in 1806. During the first period of British rule craft role.
    [Show full text]
  • SA Navy Is Offering Young South African Citizens an Excellent Opportunity to Serve in Uniform Over a Two-Year Period
    defence Department: Defence REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICAN NAVY “THE PEOPLES NAVY” MILITARY SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 2021 COMBAT, ENGINEERING, TECHNICAL, SUPPORT Please indicate highest qualification achieved BACKGROUND Graduate ........................................................................................................ MILITARY SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM (MSDS) (e.g. National Diploma Human Resource) Matric The SA Navy is offering young South African citizens an excellent opportunity to serve in uniform over a two-year period. The Military Skills Development System MUSTERING (MSDS) is a two-year voluntary service system with the aim of equipping and TECHNICAL SUPPORT developing young South Africans with the necessary skills in order to compete in the open market. ENGINEERING COMBAT Young recruits are required to sign up for a period of two-years, during which Please complete the following Biographical Information: they will receive Military Training and further Functional Training. First Names: ........................................................................................................... All applicants must comply with the following: Surname: ................................................................................................................ - South African Citizen (no dual citizenship). - Have no record of criminal offences. ID Number: ............................................................................................................. - Not be area bound. Tel.(H) ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH AFRICA, the COLONIAL POWERS and 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' by the Same Author
    SOUTH AFRICA, THE COLONIAL POWERS AND 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' By the same author ECONOMIC POWER IN ANGLO-SOUTH AFRICAN DIPLOMACY DIPLOMACY AT THE UN (edited with Anthony Jennings) INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: States, Power and Conflict since 1945 THE POLITICS OF THE SOUTH AFRICA RUN: European Shipping and Pretoria RETURN TO THE UN: UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts South Africa, the Colonial Powers and'African Defence' The Rise and Fall of the White Entente, 1948-60 G. R. Berridge Readerill Politics University ofLeicester © G. R. Berridge 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1992 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or * transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, london W1T 4lP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PAlGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PAlGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press llC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers ltd (formerly Macmillan Press ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-39060-1 ISBN 978-0-230-37636-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230376366 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities: Asymétries Et
    SOUS LA DIRECTION DE Dorval Brunelle sociologue, Directeur de l’Institut d’Études Internationales de Montréal, UQAM (2012) Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities. Asymétries et convergences. Un document produit en version numérique par Jean-Marie Tremblay, bénévole, professeur de sociologie au Cégep de Chicoutimi Courriel: [email protected] Site web pédagogique : http://www.uqac.ca/jmt-sociologue/ Dans le cadre de la collection: "Les classiques des sciences sociales" Site web: http://classiques.uqac.ca/ Une collection développée en collaboration avec la Bibliothèque Paul-Émile-Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Site web: http://bibliotheque.uqac.ca/ Dorval Brunelle (dir.), Communautés Atlantiques / Atlantic Communities… (2012) 2 Politique d'utilisation de la bibliothèque des Classiques Toute reproduction et rediffusion de nos fichiers est interdite, même avec la mention de leur provenance, sans l’autorisation for- melle, écrite, du fondateur des Classiques des sciences sociales, Jean-Marie Tremblay, sociologue. Les fichiers des Classiques des sciences sociales ne peuvent sans autorisation formelle: - être hébergés (en fichier ou page web, en totalité ou en partie) sur un serveur autre que celui des Classiques. - servir de base de travail à un autre fichier modifié ensuite par tout autre moyen (couleur, police, mise en page, extraits, support, etc...), Les fichiers (.html, .doc, .pdf., .rtf, .jpg, .gif) disponibles sur le site Les Classiques des sciences sociales sont la propriété des Classi- ques des sciences sociales, un organisme à but non lucratif com- posé exclusivement de bénévoles. Ils sont disponibles pour une utilisation intellectuelle et personnel- le et, en aucun cas, commerciale. Toute utilisation à des fins com- merciales des fichiers sur ce site est strictement interdite et toute rediffusion est également strictement interdite.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa
    A SURVEF YO RACE RELATIONS SOUTN I H AFRICA IQ15 Compiley b d MURIEL HORRELL TONY HODGSON Research staff South African Institut f Raco e e Relations ISBN 0 86982 119 9 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 JOHANNESBURG JANUARY 1976 k POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS THE WHITE POPULATION GROUP NATIONAL PARTY Durin e yeath g r under review, South Afric s inevitablha a y ; become increasingly concerned and involved with events in the neighbouring countrie f Rhodesiao s , Mozambique d Angolaan , . The Prime . VorsterJ Minister . B s pledge . ha , Mr , d himseld an f . 'his governmen o strivt t r peacefo e , co-operation, progressd an , • developmen Southern i t n Afric d Afric a an wholea s a a n doinI . g so, he has made new and highly significant contacts with Zambia, Tanzania, Botswana d certaian , n other African states, .besides 'Overseas countries. : Speaking in the House of Assembly on 7 February1 Mr. Vorster said, "I thinlc a better understanding of South Africa has developed Africn i worlde i d th n. Ther .. aan s bee ha ea nclea r acceptance f Africa"o e ar ,tha e . w tHowever s notea , d late n thii r s Survey, line attitudeStateU OA a numbeSouto t sf e o sth hf o rAfric a have •hardened. ? As described in the chapter on South West Africa, Mr. Vorslcr ; ,has mad t i cleae r that this territory wile granteb l d complete L Independence as soon as possible, but that it will be for the people r Swapono N o e territort U , th e f •o th yr fo concerned t no d an , determine their future for f governmentmo .
    [Show full text]
  • NAVAL FORCES USING THORDON SEAWATER LUBRICATED PROPELLER SHAFT BEARINGS September 7, 2021
    NAVAL AND COAST GUARD REFERENCES NAVAL FORCES USING THORDON SEAWATER LUBRICATED PROPELLER SHAFT BEARINGS September 7, 2021 ZERO POLLUTION | HIGH PERFORMANCE | BEARING & SEAL SYSTEMS RECENT ORDERS Algerian National Navy 4 Patrol Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 Argentine Navy 3 Gowind Class Offshore Patrol Ships Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2022-2027 Royal Australian Navy 12 Arafura Class Offshore Patrol Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2027 Royal Australian Navy 2 Supply Class Auxiliary Oiler Replenishment (AOR) Ships Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 Government of Australia 1 Research Survey Icebreaker Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 COMPAC SXL Seawater lubricated propeller Seawater lubricated propeller shaft shaft bearings for blue water bearings & grease free rudder bearings LEGEND 2 | THORDON Seawater Lubricated Propeller Shaft Bearings RECENT ORDERS Canadian Coast Guard 1 Fishery Research Ship Thordon SXL Bearings 2020 Canadian Navy 6 Harry DeWolf Class Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS) Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020-2022 Egyptian Navy 4 MEKO A-200 Frigates Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2024 French Navy 4 Bâtiments Ravitailleurs de Force (BRF) – Replenishment Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2027 French Navy 1 Classe La Confiance Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 French Navy 1 Socarenam 53 Custom Patrol Vessel Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2019 THORDON Seawater Lubricated Propeller Shaft Bearings | 3 RECENT ORDERS German Navy 4 F125 Baden-Württemberg Class Frigates Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2019-2021 German Navy 5 K130
    [Show full text]
  • Britain and I South Africa
    BRITAIN AND I by SOUTH AFRICA JOHN GOLLAN (General Secretary. Communist Party of Great Britain) F ol~owing a request by the editorial board of THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST lor the views of the Communist Party of Great Britain concerning Britain's relations with the Republic oj South Africa and with the High Commission Territories. the following statement of policy oj the Communist Party of Great Britain has been made by its General Secretary, lohn Gallon. THE SITUATION IN South Africa is rapidly reaching crisis point. The hated Verwoerd Government is piling repression on repression, deter­ mined to shut down every possibility of protest or criticism of the monstrous system of apartheid. and every demand of the people for democratic rights and for an end to the nightmare of racial dis­ crimination and fascist tyranny. The only answer to this terror will be the justified revolt of the people of South Africa. The recent historic conference of African heads of state at Addis Ababa shows that Africa is no longer prepared to tolerate the foul blot of apartheid on its soil. The 218 million people of independent· Africa and the 48 million still under European domination have spoken-and now they are preparing to act. It is time for the British people to act, too. The people of Britain have a deep hatred for the whole rotten system of apartheid, a feeling that was sharply manifested at the time of the Sharpeville massacre three years ago, and has since been expressed in the many resolutions ofprotest adopted by numerous progressive organisations in Britain, by the consumer boycott, by numerous meetings and demonstrations, and by the campaign now developing to stop the shipment of arms to Verwoerd.
    [Show full text]
  • South West Africa
    South West Africa: travesty of trust; the expert papers and findings of the International Conference on South West Africa, Oxford, 23-26 March 1966, with a postscript by Iain MacGibbon on the 1966 judgement of the International Court of Justice http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp3b10032 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org South West Africa: travesty of trust; the expert papers and findings of the International Conference on South West Africa, Oxford, 23-26 March 1966, with a postscript by Iain MacGibbon on the 1966 judgement of the International Court of Justice Author/Creator Segal, Ronald (editor); First, Ruth (editor) Date 1967 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Namibia Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implication of the Traditional Khoisan Leadership Bill of 2015
    THE IMPLICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL KHOISAN LEADERSHIP BILL OF 2015 BY CORRECTIONAL OFFICER GRADE1 – POLLSMOOR MANAGEMENT AREA Chief Dannyboy Pieterse - Robertson KHOISAN GENERALS WITH MEMBERS OF THE GORACHOUQUA COUNCIL UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF PARAMOUNT CHIEF HENNIE VAN WYK HESSEQUA KHOI TRIBAL COUNCIL WCCC REGISTRATION: C13/1/1/1/1: NPO Number: 205-997 Tradional Khoisan leadership bill to be sign into law THE IMPLICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL KHOISAN LEADERSHIP BILL 2015 DANNYBOY. PIETERSE @VODAMAIL.CO.ZA TRADITIONAL KHOISAN LEADERSHIP BILL TO BE SIGN INTO LAW HESSEQUA KHOI TRIBAL COUNCIL – 205-997NPO THE SCOPE ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Two different groups of people Each froup had different ways and means of living The country’s first people for 2000 years Remarkable skills and knowledge They’re been assigned a slew of derogatory and sensitive names Climate change and the arrival of Europens settles lead to their sharp decline Democracy has also failed the khoisan They are recognised in the countries coat of arms but their language not Witnessing the death of a culture Khoisan Healing: Understandings, Ideas and Practices INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE ETHNICAL CONDITION OF THE KHOIKHOI IN PREHISTORIC TIMES, BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF LANGUAGE PRACTICE OF PERSPECTIVE AT CAPE OF GOOD DURING 17 CENTURY Classification of the maps Maps that ignore the presence of khoi Maps that locate their dwellings or kraals as if in a fixed position A transitional map How the Khoikhoi society was organized Political Organization The khoi – khoi Political organisation
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Proliferation International History Project The
    Nuclear Proliferation International History Project The African National Congress and Apartheid South Africa’s Nuclear Weapons Program By Jo-Ansie van Wyk and Anna-Mart van Wyk NPIHP Working Paper #16 November 2020 THE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and Leopoldo Nuti, Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Nuclear Proliferation International History Project. The Nuclear Proliferation International History Project (NPIHP) is a global network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of international nuclear history through archival documents, oral history interviews and other empirical sources. Recognizing that today’s toughest nuclear challenges have deep roots in the past, NPIHP seeks to transcend the East vs. West paradigm to work towards an integrated international history of nuclear weapon proliferation. The continued proliferation of nuclear weapons is one of the most pressing security issues of our time, yet the empirically-based study of international nuclear history remains in its infancy. NPIHP’s programs to address this central issue include: the annual Nuclear Boot Camp for M.A. and Ph.D. candidates to foster a new generation of experts on the international history of nuclear weapons; the NPIHP Fellowship Program for advanced Ph.D. students and post-doctoral researchers hosted by NPIHP partner institutions around the world; a coordinated, global research effort which combines archival mining and oral history interviews conducted by NPIHP partners; a massive translation and digitization project aimed at making documentary evidence on international nuclear history broadly accessible online; a series of conferences, workshops and seminars hosted by NPIHP partners around the world.
    [Show full text]