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NATONATOreview contents Published under the authority of the Secretary General, this magazine is © Reuters intended to contribute to a constructive FOCUS ON NATO discussion of Atlantic issues. Articles, 4 therefore, do not necessarily represent Alliance news in brief official opinion or policy of member governments or NATO. EDITOR: Christopher Bennett COMBATING NEW SECURITY ASSISTANT EDITOR: Vicki Nielsen THREATS PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Felicity Breeze 6 LAYOUT: NATO Graphics Studio Aiding America Publisher:Director of Information and Press Christopher Bennett examines how NATO, 1110 Brussels, Belgium NATO has assisted the United Printed in Belgium by Editions Européennes © NATO States since 11 September. [email protected] [email protected] ON THE COVER Articles may be reproduced, after permission has been obtained from the editor, provided mention Manhattan on 12 September. is made of NATO Review and signed articles are reproduced with the author’s name. NATO Review is published periodically in English, as well as in Czech, Danish (NATO Nyt), Dutch (NAVO Kroniek), French (Revue de l’OTAN), German (NATO Brief), Greek (Deltio NATO), 16 Hungarian (NATO Tükor), Italian (Rivista della Countering cyber war NATO), Norwegian (NATO Nytt), Polish (Przeglad Timothy Shimeall, Phil Williams NATO), Portuguese (Noticias da OTAN), Spanish (Revista de la OTAN) and Turkish (NATO Dergisi). and Casey Dunlevy argue for One issue a year is published in Icelandic (NATO incorporation of the virtual world Fréttir) and issues are also published in Russian in defence planning. and Ukrainian on an occasional basis. 8 Rethinking security NATO Review is also published on the NATO web site at: www.nato.int/docu/review.htm Robert Hall and Carl Fox argue for new strategies to meet 21st century Hard copy editions of the magazine may be security challenges. obtained free of charge by readers in the follow- ing countries from the addresses given below: UNITED KINGDOM: 12 Communication Planning Unit Ministry of Defence Fighting terrorism Room 0370 Main Building Frank J. Cilluffo and Daniel Rankin London SW1A 2HB urge a flexible, comprehensive and UNITED STATES: coordinated approach. NATO Review - US Mission to NATO SPECIAL PSC 81 Box 200 - APO AE 09724 19 Towards a new strategic Requests from other countries or for other NATO publications should be sent to: partnership Willem Matser examines NATO Office of Information and Press NATO-Russia relations 1110 Brussels, Belgium Fax: (32-2) 707 1252 in the wake of 11 September. E-MAIL: [email protected] Every mention in this publication of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is marked by an INTERVIEW asterisk (*) referring to the following footnote: 22 Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with Ted Whiteside: its constitutional name. Head of NATO’s WMD Centre 2 NATO review Winter 2001/2002 Volume 49 Winter 2001/2002 The magnitude of the events of 11 September, when terrorists flew hijacked airliners into the Pentagon and World Trade Center, is such that the date has already been ingrained on humanity’s collective consciousness. Few people alive today will ever be able to forget where they were or what they were doing when they heard the news. FEATURE In response, this issue of NATO Review focuses on new 24 security threats and ways of combating them. In the first of On the front line four articles on this theme, I look at how the Alliance has Osman Yavuzalp examines NATO’s assisted the United States in the wake of the 11 September relations with its Central Asian attacks. Subsequently, Robert Hall and Carl Fox argue Partners. that new, comprehensive and transnational strategies are Aral Sea required to deal with the security challenges of the 21st KAZAKHSTAN century. Frank J. Cilluffo and Daniel Rankin of the Center for Strategic and International Studies urge a flexible, UZBEKISTAN KYRGHYZ editorial comprehensive and coordinated strategy to fight terror- REPUBLIC ism. Timothy Shimeall, Phil Williams and Casey Dunlevy TURKMENISTAN CHINA TAJIKISTAN of the CERT Analysis Center of Carnegie Mellon Caspian Sea University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, argue that defence PAKISTAN IRAN AFGHANISTAN planning has to incorporate the virtual world to limit physical damage in the real. Elsewhere, Willem Matser of the Office of NATO’s Special Adviser for Central and DEBATE Eastern Europe examines the evolution in NATO- 26 Russian relations since 11 September and Osman In the wake of 11 September, Yavazalp of NATO’s Political Affairs Division considers where does missile defence fit the Alliance’s relations with its Central Asian Partners. In in security spending priorities? the interview, Ted Whiteside of NATO’s WMD Centre KEITH B. PAYNE describes the work of his centre. In the debate, Keith vs JOSEPH CIRINCIONE Payne of the National Institute for Public Policy and What are the greatest security Joseph Cirincione of the Carnegie Endowment for threats? What resources should be International Peace discuss how missile defence fits into devoted to missile defence? security spending priorities in the wake of 11 September. In the review, Petr Lunak, outreach editor in NATO’s Office of Information and Press, considers how docu- REVIEW 31 ments discovered in Warsaw Pact archives are influencing Reassessing the Cold War and challenging conventional interpretations of the Cold alliances War alliances. Statistics illustrating international terrorism Petr Lunak considers new thinking and a map indicating the nationalities of the dead from on NATO and the Warsaw Pact. 11 September round out the issue. Christopher Bennett Vacancies at NATO Nationals of NATO countries may apply for all posts on NATO’s international staff. Details of vacancies, procedures and application forms are available on the NATO web site at: STATISTICS 34 http://www.nato.int/structur/recruit/index.htm International terrorism Winter 2001/2002 NATO review 3 FOCUS ON NATO Robertson in Russia ber, where he discussed the country’s Bosnian Serb military headquarters Shanghai, China, concerning the progress in meeting membership cri- during the Bosnian war. 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty. teria with President Milan Kucan, Prime Minister Janez Drnovsek and At a meeting in Tbilisi, Georgia, on 29 On 24 October, US Admiral Gregory Defence Minister Anton Grizold, as October, NATO’s Science Committee G. Johnson took over from US well as members of parliament. gave the go-ahead for the Virtual Silk Admiral James Ellis as Commander Highway project to provide internet of Allied Forces Southern Europe, the Balkans trip access via a satellite network for the regional command based in Naples, Following the resumption of civil scientific and academic communities Italy, responsible for NATO-led peace- unrest in the former Yugoslav of eight countries of Central Asia and support operations in the Balkans. Republic of Macedonia,* Lord the Southern Caucasus. Robertson met government leaders in the capital Skopje, on 7 November, Nine NATO and 11 Partner countries to push for progress on implement- took part in Cooperative ing promised internal reforms. He Determination 2001 in Baku, travelled to Pristina, Kosovo, the next Azerbaijan, between 5 and 16 During a trip to Russia from 21 to 23 day for meetings with UN Special November. This command post/com- November, NATO Secretary General Representative Hans Haekkerup and puter assisted exercise, organised by Lord Robertson met in Moscow with the KFOR Commander, General Allied Forces Southern Europe, was Russian President Vladimir Putin, Marcel Valentin, to discuss prepara- aimed at improving military interop- Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov, Defence tions for the elections for a new erability for crisis response opera- Minister Sergey Ivanov and National assembly planned for 17 November. tions. Security Council President Vladimir Rushailo. Discussions focused on a Meeting at NATO on 5 and 6 Parliamentarians from NATO and package of proposals for more sub- November, the Conference of Partner countries gathered in stantive cooperation, particularly to National Armaments Directors dis- Bucharest, Romania, for a seminar combat terrorism. cussed the reinforcement of NATO’s on The role of NATO in the security of Lord Robertson visited Lisbon, defence capabilities, further opportu- the Black Sea region, organised by Portugal, on 24 and 25 October, On 20 and 21 November, the annual nities for defence cooperation with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly where he met Portuguese President meeting of NATO’s Chiefs of Defence Partner countries, and the develop- in cooperation with the Romanian Jorge Sampaio, Prime Minister Staff (CHODs) took place at NATO. ment of NATO’s theatre missile Chamber of Deputies from 25 to 27 Antonio Guterres, Foreign Minister Following this meeting, the CHODs defence programme and Alliance October. Jaime Gama and Defence Minister met separately with their counter- Ground Surveillance. For the first Rui Pena, and addressed a confer- parts from Euro-Atlantic Partnership time, Partner countries were invited An international conference, entitled ence on the future of transatlantic Council countries, Russia and to attend certain sessions. Ten Years of Partnership and relations. Ukraine. Cooperation, took place at NATO on Tour of capitals 26 October to mark the tenth anniver- The eighth meeting of the North General Harald Kujat of the German Lord Robertson, started his tour of sary of the establishment of the North Atlantic Council and the European Air Force was designated to take over the nine Partner countries aspiring to Atlantic Cooperation Council. Union’s Political and Security from Admiral Guido Venturoni as NATO membership with a visit to Committee, which took place at NATO Chairman of the Military Committee Bratislava, Slovakia, on 5 November. on 23 October 2001, focused on con- in June 2002 for a three-year term. He met President Rudolf Schuster, tributions to the international coalition Prime Minister Mikulas Dzurinda, against terrorism, the peace process Towards normality Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan, in the former Yugoslav Republic of Lord Robertson welcomed the peace- Defence Minister Jozef Stank and Macedonia* and progress made in ful conduct of elections for a provi- Slovak parliamentarians.