Europe and Afghanistan

ISBN 978-3-934401-20-4 Independent Review on European Security & Defence Volume No 4/2009 Main Topic Europe an d Afghanistan No 4/2009 What strategy for Europe, a real heavyweight The EU-Counter Terrorism Afghanistan after eight in international policy Strategy years of war Prof. Dr. Lothar Rühl, Prof. Dr. Jean-Dominique Giuliani, Gilles de Kerchove, States Secretary (ret), President of the Robert Schumann EU-Counter Terrorism Coordinator, Bonn Foundation, Paris Brussels EDITORIAL Editorial Was the Irish “Yes” a response to Ireland’s fear of economic response to Mos cow’s growing concern decline and at the same time an expression of yearning for the about existing security and defence continuing protection of the mutually supportive community structures; and also to the question as to that is the European Union? Pure reason it may not have been, how the different responsibilities of but without going overboard the EU itself showed flexibility in European and na tional parliamentarians the run-up to the Irish referendum, thus emboldening the Irish can be best accommodated. to vote for the Treaty. The Irish “Yes”, and Poland’s ratification 1. With defence budgets under increasing of the Reform Treaty short ly afterwards increased the pressure pressure, national parliamentarians need on the Czech President and on Conservatives in London, to be involved much more. Because de- prompting a certain malicious satisfaction among those who cisions on defence spending and troop Hartmut Bühl believe it is time at long last to see reason and accept the deployment are na tio nal, national parlia - Lisbon Treaty. It does, after all, in theory give countries the ments should have a bigger role in ESDP. right to withdraw from the EU. The most important thing is that The ESDA/WEU Assembly performs a very the Treaty will enter into force. important consensus building role among national parliamen - tarians who deal with security and defence. A sound and The stakes are high in Europe workable solution has to be found giving the ESDA/WEU As - The entry into force of the Reform Treaty will ring in a new era sembly a more fitting status – one that will enable the EU the course of which can only be set tentatively as yet. What can derive more benefit from the contribution the Assembly can the EU achieve? The accession to the EU of further countries in make to a European defence. southeastern Europe will certainly take place, as it is needed to 2. The EU is not a collective defence orga nization like NATO or bring peace to that part of the continent once and for all and to WEU. The Lisbon Treaty contains two solidarity clauses, one of offer the people living there a better future. But will the EU find them dealing with cases of external aggression. But it does not the strength to take on a controversial project like Turkish explicitly mention military assistance. Consequently, the accession before the day dawns when Turkey itself announces Lisbon. Treaty cannot replace Article V of the 1954 WEU Treaty. it is giving up its attempt to join? Will the EU succeed in refo - The issue is whether the WEU Treaty should be retained until cusing its “Ostpolitik”? And yet another question that still such time as “real” defence capabilities form part of Union remains unanswered, will Lisbon be the culmination of Eu - structures. rope’s ambitions, or does the EU intend to develop further, and 3. With respect to Russia, President Medvedev’s invitation to if so, in what direction? Lisbon allows no time to draw breath hold a dialogue on European Security Architecture should be and take stock. The debate about where the Union should be taken seriously. There is no security against Russia, only in headed must be honest, creative, and short. Stagnation would cooperation with it. Great care should also be taken that within be the enemy of progress going forward. the global reach of the EU Security Concept, European interests are respected. The Concept should better integrate Russia, Security and Defence Policy while not excluding the North American partners. This policy is beset by a number of challenges. Apart from the financial crisis and the question of where the money for equip - ment and operations will come from, there needs to be a Impressum The European − Security and Defence Union Publisher and Editor-in-Chief: Hartmut Bühl ProPress Publishing Group Brussels/Berlin Publishing House: ProPress Verlagsgesellschaft mbH President ProPress Publishing Group: R. Uwe Proll Headquarter Berlin: E-Mail: [email protected] Kaskelstr. 41, D-10317 Berlin Layout: SpreeService- und Beratungsgesellschaft mbH Phone: +49/30/557 412-0, Fax: +49/30/557 412-33 Print: Heider Druck GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach Brussels Office: The European − Security and Defence Union Magazine is published by the ProPress Hartmut Bühl Publishing Group. The ProPress Publishing Group is the organizer of the congress on Avenue des Celtes, 30, B-1040 Brussels European Security and Defence (Berliner Sicherheitskonferenz), the European Police Phone/Fax: +32/2732 3135, GMS: 0049-1723 282 319 Congress and the European Congress on Disaster Management. E-Mail: [email protected] For further information about the magazine and the congresses please visit Bonn Office: www.euro-defence.eu Am Buschhof 8, D-53227 Bonn Suscription: This magazine is published quarterly in Brussels and Berlin. Phone: +49/228/970 97-0, Fax: +49/228/970 97-75 The copy price is 16 Euro: 4 copies for one year: 56 Euro ( Euro EU Subscription ). Advertisement Office Bonn: 4 copies for one year: 88 Euro ( International subscription ) Marco Saalbach Quarterly, including postage and dispatch (4 issues) Phone: +49/228/970 97-80 E-Mail: [email protected] © 2009 by ProPress Publishing Group Bonn/Berlin 3 THE EUROPEAN − SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION Dr. Lothar Rühl, States Secretary (ret.) The European Union POLITICS and POLICIES Europe, a real heavyweight in international policy Editorial ....................................................... 3 by Professor Dr. Jean-Dominique Giuliani, Chairman, Robert Schumann Foundation, Paris ... 17 Europe and Afghanistan Europe after the Irish referendum – more coherent, more decisive, more democratic by Willem van Eekelen, Chairman, Center of the European Security Studies, Groningen ........ 19 The European Parliament and ESDP? by Christoph Raab, General Manager, COPURA and Director, European Security Round Table (ESRT) ..................................... 21 The way towards a European White Book on Security and Defence by Dr. Karl von Wogau, Secretary General of the European Security Foundation (ESF), Brussels ... 22 What strategy for Afghanistan after eight years of war by Professor Dr. Lothar Rühl, States Secretary (ret.), Bonn ........................... 7 2009 – A crucial year for Afghanistan by Françoise Hostalier MEP, Paris and Jean Pierre Koucheida MEP, Paris ..................... 9 Building Afghan Security Forces: the solution to Towards a new European security architecture − the security situation what is Russia’s place in Europe? by Dr. Christopher M. Schnaubelt, Transformation by Arcadio Diaz Tejera, Senator, Madrid ............ 25 Desk, NATO Defense College, Rome ................. 14 Half full or half empty? Comparing EU military Are we doing enough to protect our soldiers? capabilities in 1999 and 2009 An opinion contributed by Hartmut Bühl ......... 16 by Daniel Keohane, EUISS, Paris ...................... 29 European Civil Protection Review on the 5 th European Congress on Civil Protection and Disaster Management .............. 31 4 CONTENT Gilles de Kerchove Head of EU-Counter Terrorism Unit, Brussels North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO’s new Strategic Concept should be more than a “Shopping List” by Brigadier General (ret.) Dr. Klaus Wittmann, Berlin ....................................................... 35 DEFENCE and ARMED FORCES The US needs a strong Europe – the transatlantic NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) – relationship is irreplaceable. The multi-national solution for a by Professor Dr. Sven Biscop, Director at the transformational capability for NAT0 Egmont – Royal Institute for International by Hartmut Bühl, Brussels ............................. 52 Relations, Brussels ...................................... 38 SECURITY The EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy by Gilles de Kerchove, Head of EU Counter- Terrorism Unit, Brussels ............................... 41 Anti-terrorism – the role of Europol in the international process by Robert Wainwright, Executive Director of Europol, London ......................................... 44 INSTITUTIONS and ASSOCIATIONS The European Union’s Think Tank by Álvaro de Vasconcelos, Director of the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), Paris ......................................................... 55 ESDP and NATO NEWS European Union European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) ... 57 INDUSTRIES North Atlantic Treaty Organisation .............. 60 IT International and the economic crisis in Europe Interview with Barbara Wittmann, Sales Director Public Segment, Dell Germany, and Mike Migdal, Account Executive Defence & Security, Germany, Halle .............................. 47 5 THE EUROPEAN – SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION Afghanistan “In the next 12 months we have to make a change in Afghanistan. If not, we risk failure. The criteria of our success in Afghanistan will not be measured by how many Taliban fighters we kill, but on how many civilians we are able to protect. “ Michael Mullen, Chairman of the Joint

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