FSD2356
Finnish EU Attitudes 2007
Codebook
FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish EU Attitudes 2007 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018.
This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (13.7.2018) of the data.
Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere
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$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-07-23 13:46:47.025000 $ To the reader
This codebook is part of the data FSD2356 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:
Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA & Yhdyskuntatutkimus: Finnish EU Atti- tudes 2007 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-07-13). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2356
The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa- tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re- spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.
Contents
1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 3 1.4 Use of data ...... 4
2 Variables 5
3 Indexes 81 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 81 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 89
A Questionnaire in Finnish 97
B Questionnaire in Swedish 105
i
Chapter 1
Study description
1.1 Titles
Titles and data version: Finnish EU Attitudes 2007 Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn EU-asennetutkimus 2007 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (13.7.2018) of the data.
1.2 Subject description
Authoring entity
Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA Yhdyskuntatutkimus
Copyright statement for the data
According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.
Depositor
Kiljunen, Pentti (Yhdyskuntatutkimus)
Date of deposit
19.5.2008
1 1. Study description
Keywords attitudes; defence and state security policy; European integration; European Union; foreign pol- icy; globalization; international relations; NATO; Russia; safety and security
Topic Classification
Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: government, political systems and organisations; international poli- tics and organisations; political behaviour and attitudes
Series description
The data belong to the series:
Finnish EU Attitudes
The research series, launched by the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) in 1992, studies Finnish public opinion on EU integration. Views are probed on Finland’s EU membership, the future and enlargement of the EU, European economic and fiscal policy, EMU, the European Parliament, Finnish security policy, EU subsidies and European integration as a whole. In addi- tion, the surveys canvass citizen satisfaction with the availability of EU-related information, as well as with the way the Finnish Government and Parliament have handled EU issues. Starting from 2001, the surveys also cover opinions on international issues in general. Back- ground information includes age, gender, education, economic activity, occupational group and trade union membership. Respondents have been asked which party they would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at the time of the study. The surveys are commissioned by EVA, and usually carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus.
Abstract
The survey charted Finnish public opinion on the European Union membership, foreign policy, the relationship between Finland and Russia, and the potential NATO membership. The respondents were first asked how interested they were in matters related to the Finnish EU membership, and how well they thought they were informed about these matters. The survey also carried a number of statements relating to the EU membership and international issues, such as the EU membership fee, abolishing compulsory military service in Finland, defence policy, the relationships between Finland and the other Nordic countries, globalisation, various countries applying for EU membership, and climate policy. Finnish foreign policy was canvassed by presenting the respondents with a list of current inter- national issues (e.g. the relationships with Russia and the Baltic States, Nordic defence coop- eration, increasing development cooperation funds, mediating international crises, preventing climate change) and asking them to what extent Finnish foreign policy should concentrate on each topic. The respondents also graded the bodies responsible for foreign policy in Finland
2 1.3. Structure and collection of the data
(the President, Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Defence, three last gov- ernments, etc.). Some questions focused on the EU and its actions. The respondents’ views were queried on changes in the EU’s actions in view of Finland’s influence, the strength of the Union as an economic actor in the world, and the openness/transparency of the Union. The respondents’ opinions on the current questions connected to the relationship between Finland and Russia (e.g. Russian wood tariffs, other obstacles to trade, the St. Petersburg area’s environmental load to the Baltic Sea) and the importance of solving them were charted. The potential effects of Finnish NATO membership on various issues, such as international influence, the share of de- fence expenditure in the budget, and the personal feeling of safety were also examined. Finally, the respondents estimated the influence of globalisation on their work and gave their current opinion on the EU membership, the transition to the euro, and the EU enlargement in May 2004. Background variables included the respondent’s gender, age group, size of municipality of res- idence, region of residence (NUTS3), basic and vocational education, economic activity, indus- try of employment, occupation group, trade union membership, and which party R would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at the time of the survey.
1.3 Structure and collection of the data
Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: People aged 18-70 resident in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: 28.11.2007 – 23.1.2008 Data collector(s): Yhdyskuntatutkimus Data producer(s): Finnish Business and Policy Forum Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2007 – 2008 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 39.6% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 153 variables and 1187 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Simple random The original sample was randomly drawn from Finland’s population register, and consisted of 3,000 Finnish and Swedish-speaking persons (the Åland Islands residents excluded) aged 18-70 and living in Finland. There were 1,187 respondents, and the sample is regionally and socially representative of the Finnish population.
3 1. Study description
1.4 Use of data
Data appraisal
The data do not include responses to an open-ended question asking for comments.
Related publications
Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti (2008). Kenen joukoissa seisot? EVAnSuomi, EU ja maailma -asennetutkimus 2008 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. EVA-raportti.Saatavissa: http://www.eva.fi/files/2166_kenen_joukoissa_seisot.pdf [viitattu 9.7.2008] Kotiranta, Annu (2008). Kuka pelkää globalisaatiota? Suomalaisten pelot ja toiveet sekä to- teutuneet vaikutukset. Helsinki: Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos. ETLA Keskusteluaiheita nro 1167. Updated list of publications in the study description at
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD2356?lang=en&study_language=en
Related material
Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti (2008). Kenen joukoissa seisot? EVAnSuomi, EU ja maailma -asennetutkimus 2008 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. EVA-raportti.http://www.eva.fi/files/2166_kenen_joukoissa_seisot.pdf [viitattu 9.7.2008]
Location of the data collection
Finnish Social Science Data Archive
Weighting
There are no weight variables in the data.
Restrictions
The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.
4 Chapter 2
Variables
[FSD_NO] FSD study number
Question
FSD study number
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 2356.00 maximum 2356.00 mean 2356.00 standard deviation 0.00
[FSD_VR] FSD edition number
Question
FSD edition number
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 2.00 maximum 2.00 mean 2.00 standard deviation 0.00
5 2. Variables
[FSD_ID] FSD case id
Question
FSD case id
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 1.00 maximum 1187.00 mean 594.00 standard deviation 342.80
[Q1] At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland’s EU membership?
Question
At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland’s EU membership?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 86 7.2 – Very interested, follow them actively 1 115 9.7 10.4 Fairly interested, follow them to some extent 2 607 51.1 55.1 Not very interested, don’t follow them much 3 343 28.9 31.2 Not at all interested, don’t follow them at all 4 32 2.7 2.9 Can’t say 5 4 0.3 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q2] How well informed do you feel you are of these issues?
Question
How well informed do you feel you are of these issues?
Frequencies
6 Q3_2
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 89 7.5 – Very well informed 1 31 2.6 2.8 Fairly well informed 2 364 30.7 33.2 Not very well informed 3 574 48.4 52.3 Not at all informed 4 95 8.0 8.7 Can’t say 5 34 2.9 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_1] The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have cred- ibility in international politics
Question
The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have credibility in international poli- tics
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 22 1.9 – Strongly agree 1 230 19.4 19.7 Agree 2 494 41.6 42.4 Difficult to say 3 219 18.4 18.8 Disagree 4 158 13.3 13.6 Strongly disagree 5 64 5.4 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_2] The EU membership fees are far too high compared to the benefits gained by the membership
Question
The EU membership fees are far too high compared to the benefits gained by the membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Strongly agree 1 463 39.0 39.7
(continued on next page)
7 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 305 25.7 26.2 Difficult to say 3 274 23.1 23.5 Disagree 4 96 8.1 8.2 Strongly disagree 5 28 2.4 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_3] Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe’s development
Question
Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe’s development
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Strongly agree 1 169 14.2 14.6 Agree 2 433 36.5 37.4 Difficult to say 3 256 21.6 22.1 Disagree 4 210 17.7 18.1 Strongly disagree 5 91 7.7 7.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_4] Increasing immigration is an issue concerning all EU member states and taking care of it requires a common EU policy
Question
Increasing immigration is an issue concerning all EU member states and taking care of it re- quires a common EU policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 –
(continued on next page)
8 Q3_6
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 389 32.8 33.3 Agree 2 459 38.7 39.3 Difficult to say 3 148 12.5 12.7 Disagree 4 136 11.5 11.6 Strongly disagree 5 36 3.0 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_5] Finland should participate in international debate more bravely
Question
Finland should participate in international debate more bravely
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 13 1.1 – Strongly agree 1 395 33.3 33.6 Agree 2 407 34.3 34.7 Difficult to say 3 214 18.0 18.2 Disagree 4 137 11.5 11.7 Strongly disagree 5 21 1.8 1.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_6] There is enough reliable information available to everyone about matters related to Finland’s EU membership
Question
There is enough reliable information available to everyone about matters related to Finland’s EU membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 178 15.0 15.2
(continued on next page)
9 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 309 26.0 26.4 Difficult to say 3 310 26.1 26.5 Disagree 4 258 21.7 22.1 Strongly disagree 5 115 9.7 9.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_7] Finland should leave the EU altogether
Question
Finland should leave the EU altogether
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 14 1.2 – Strongly agree 1 220 18.5 18.8 Agree 2 119 10.0 10.1 Difficult to say 3 260 21.9 22.2 Disagree 4 214 18.0 18.2 Strongly disagree 5 360 30.3 30.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_8] Finland should follow Sweden’s example and already begin to abol- ish compulsory military service
Question
Finland should follow Sweden’s example and already begin to abolish compulsory military service
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 14 1.2 – Strongly agree 1 107 9.0 9.1 Agree 2 127 10.7 10.8
(continued on next page)
10 Q3_10
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 127 10.7 10.8 Disagree 4 313 26.4 26.7 Strongly disagree 5 499 42.0 42.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_9] In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot help us
Question
In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot help us
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 12 1.0 – Strongly agree 1 337 28.4 28.7 Agree 2 384 32.4 32.7 Difficult to say 3 143 12.0 12.2 Disagree 4 242 20.4 20.6 Strongly disagree 5 69 5.8 5.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_10] EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we do not want or need
Question
EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we do not want or need
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 9 0.8 – Strongly agree 1 566 47.7 48.0
(continued on next page)
11 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 369 31.1 31.3 Difficult to say 3 110 9.3 9.3 Disagree 4 108 9.1 9.2 Strongly disagree 5 25 2.1 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_11] The actions and policies of the USA in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns
Question
The actions and policies of the USA in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 11 0.9 – Strongly agree 1 17 1.4 1.4 Agree 2 76 6.4 6.5 Difficult to say 3 193 16.3 16.4 Disagree 4 404 34.0 34.4 Strongly disagree 5 486 40.9 41.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_12] Turkey’s EU membership would be a good thing because it would help Islamic and Western cultures to understand each other
Question
Turkey’s EU membership would be a good thing because it would help Islamic and Western cultures to understand each other
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 10 0.8 –
(continued on next page)
12 Q3_14
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 45 3.8 3.8 Agree 2 180 15.2 15.3 Difficult to say 3 340 28.6 28.9 Disagree 4 294 24.8 25.0 Strongly disagree 5 318 26.8 27.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_13] Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU
Question
Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 12 1.0 – Strongly agree 1 7 0.6 0.6 Agree 2 179 15.1 15.2 Difficult to say 3 267 22.5 22.7 Disagree 4 464 39.1 39.5 Strongly disagree 5 258 21.7 22.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_14] A common, strong EU foreign policy would also benefit Finland
Question
A common, strong EU foreign policy would also benefit Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 186 15.7 15.9 Agree 2 428 36.1 36.6 Difficult to say 3 351 29.6 30.0
(continued on next page)
13 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Disagree 4 154 13.0 13.2 Strongly disagree 5 51 4.3 4.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_15] The EU should have a common defence
Question
The EU should have a common defence
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 23 1.9 – Strongly agree 1 133 11.2 11.4 Agree 2 351 29.6 30.2 Difficult to say 3 330 27.8 28.4 Disagree 4 225 19.0 19.3 Strongly disagree 5 125 10.5 10.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_16] If I did not know Finland is an EU member state, I would not easily notice it in my everyday life
Question
If I did not know Finland is an EU member state, I would not easily notice it in my everyday life
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 15 1.3 – Strongly agree 1 94 7.9 8.0 Agree 2 241 20.3 20.6 Difficult to say 3 134 11.3 11.4 Disagree 4 474 39.9 40.4 Strongly disagree 5 229 19.3 19.5
(continued on next page)
14 Q3_18
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_17] The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy
Question
The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 348 29.3 29.7 Agree 2 464 39.1 39.7 Difficult to say 3 209 17.6 17.9 Disagree 4 103 8.7 8.8 Strongly disagree 5 46 3.9 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_18] The Prime Minister should represent Finland in EU summits in- stead of the President, because it would enable parliamentarism to work better
Question
The Prime Minister should represent Finland in EU summits instead of the President, because it would enable parliamentarism to work better
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 10 0.8 – Strongly agree 1 268 22.6 22.8 Agree 2 262 22.1 22.3 Difficult to say 3 341 28.7 29.0 Disagree 4 192 16.2 16.3
(continued on next page)
15 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Strongly disagree 5 114 9.6 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_19] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards their big neighbour
Question
Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards their big neighbour
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 9 0.8 – Strongly agree 1 219 18.4 18.6 Agree 2 443 37.3 37.6 Difficult to say 3 167 14.1 14.2 Disagree 4 259 21.8 22.0 Strongly disagree 5 90 7.6 7.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_20] Finland should join NATO
Question
Finland should join NATO
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 6 0.5 – Strongly agree 1 122 10.3 10.3 Agree 2 133 11.2 11.3 Difficult to say 3 277 23.3 23.5 Disagree 4 171 14.4 14.5 Strongly disagree 5 478 40.3 40.5
(continued on next page)
16 Q3_22
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_21] It is Finland’s responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all over the world
Question
It is Finland’s responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all over the world
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 14 1.2 – Strongly agree 1 127 10.7 10.8 Agree 2 417 35.1 35.5 Difficult to say 3 168 14.2 14.3 Disagree 4 327 27.5 27.9 Strongly disagree 5 134 11.3 11.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_22] Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively in- volved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union’s deci- sions
Question
Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively involved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union’s decisions
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 16 1.3 – Strongly agree 1 370 31.2 31.6 Agree 2 530 44.7 45.3 Difficult to say 3 195 16.4 16.7
(continued on next page)
17 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Disagree 4 63 5.3 5.4 Strongly disagree 5 13 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_23] Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly
Question
Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Strongly agree 1 76 6.4 6.5 Agree 2 223 18.8 19.1 Difficult to say 3 343 28.9 29.4 Disagree 4 403 34.0 34.6 Strongly disagree 5 121 10.2 10.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_24] I would support Finland’s membership in NATO if the Govern- ment and the President were in favour of it
Question
I would support Finland’s membership in NATO if the Government and the President were in favour of it
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 137 11.5 11.7 Agree 2 134 11.3 11.5 Difficult to say 3 225 19.0 19.3
(continued on next page)
18 Q3_26
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Disagree 4 210 17.7 18.0 Strongly disagree 5 462 38.9 39.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_25] Being a small country, Finland should not participate in solving the problems of various crisis spots around the world
Question
Being a small country, Finland should not participate in solving the problems of various crisis spots around the world
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 282 23.8 24.1 Agree 2 312 26.3 26.7 Difficult to say 3 188 15.8 16.1 Disagree 4 293 24.7 25.1 Strongly disagree 5 93 7.8 8.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_26] International terrorism poses no threat to Finland if we do not get involved in the conflicts of the world
Question
International terrorism poses no threat to Finland if we do not get involved in the conflicts of the world
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 135 11.4 11.5 Agree 2 277 23.3 23.7
(continued on next page)
19 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 226 19.0 19.3 Disagree 4 339 28.6 29.0 Strongly disagree 5 192 16.2 16.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_27] The energy and environmental policy of the EU does not take into account the special circumstances in Finland and will therefore become excessively expensive for our country
Question
The energy and environmental policy of the EU does not take into account the special circum- stances in Finland and will therefore become excessively expensive for our country
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 16 1.3 – Strongly agree 1 421 35.5 36.0 Agree 2 426 35.9 36.4 Difficult to say 3 210 17.7 17.9 Disagree 4 87 7.3 7.4 Strongly disagree 5 27 2.3 2.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_28] The EU is too complicated and distant to be understood
Question
The EU is too complicated and distant to be understood
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 253 21.3 21.6 Agree 2 397 33.4 33.9
(continued on next page)
20 Q3_30
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 182 15.3 15.6 Disagree 4 273 23.0 23.3 Strongly disagree 5 65 5.5 5.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_29] The globalisation of international economy will increase global welfare
Question
The globalisation of international economy will increase global welfare
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Strongly agree 1 60 5.1 5.1 Agree 2 228 19.2 19.6 Difficult to say 3 434 36.6 37.2 Disagree 4 314 26.5 26.9 Strongly disagree 5 130 11.0 11.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_30] EU membership has caused excessive problems for Finnish agri- culture
Question
EU membership has caused excessive problems for Finnish agriculture
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 382 32.2 32.6 Agree 2 366 30.8 31.3 Difficult to say 3 209 17.6 17.9
(continued on next page)
21 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Disagree 4 170 14.3 14.5 Strongly disagree 5 43 3.6 3.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_31] The Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international is- sues, forgetting domestic problems
Question
The Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international issues, forgetting domestic prob- lems
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 257 21.7 22.0 Agree 2 394 33.2 33.7 Difficult to say 3 201 16.9 17.2 Disagree 4 267 22.5 22.8 Strongly disagree 5 50 4.2 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_32] Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries
Question
Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 309 26.0 26.4 Agree 2 469 39.5 40.1
(continued on next page)
22 Q3_34
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 196 16.5 16.8 Disagree 4 161 13.6 13.8 Strongly disagree 5 35 2.9 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_33] The most important goal in Finnish foreign policy is to maintain good relationships with the USA and Russia
Question
The most important goal in Finnish foreign policy is to maintain good relationships with the USA and Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 239 20.1 20.5 Agree 2 419 35.3 35.9 Difficult to say 3 216 18.2 18.5 Disagree 4 249 21.0 21.3 Strongly disagree 5 45 3.8 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_34] I am satisfied with the actions of the current Government in EU issues
Question
I am satisfied with the actions of the current Government in EU issues
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 22 1.9 – Strongly agree 1 45 3.8 3.9 Agree 2 297 25.0 25.5
(continued on next page)
23 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 320 27.0 27.5 Disagree 4 354 29.8 30.4 Strongly disagree 5 149 12.6 12.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_35] Russia has again become a self-conscious superpower to be reck- oned with
Question
Russia has again become a self-conscious superpower to be reckoned with
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 20 1.7 – Strongly agree 1 364 30.7 31.2 Agree 2 561 47.3 48.1 Difficult to say 3 166 14.0 14.2 Disagree 4 66 5.6 5.7 Strongly disagree 5 10 0.8 0.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_36] In foreign policy, environmental questions have already become even more important than security policy
Question
In foreign policy, environmental questions have already become even more important than se- curity policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 203 17.1 17.4 Agree 2 410 34.5 35.1
(continued on next page)
24 Q3_38
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 271 22.8 23.2 Disagree 4 226 19.0 19.3 Strongly disagree 5 58 4.9 5.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_37] Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it
Question
Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 16 1.3 – Strongly agree 1 303 25.5 25.9 Agree 2 181 15.2 15.5 Difficult to say 3 329 27.7 28.1 Disagree 4 175 14.7 14.9 Strongly disagree 5 183 15.4 15.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_38] Epidemics, environmental pollution and natural disasters are greater security threats to Finland than acts of military aggression
Question
Epidemics, environmental pollution and natural disasters are greater security threats to Finland than acts of military aggression
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 336 28.3 28.7 Agree 2 467 39.3 39.9 Difficult to say 3 211 17.8 18.0
(continued on next page)
25 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Disagree 4 122 10.3 10.4 Strongly disagree 5 34 2.9 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_39] The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank
Question
The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – Strongly agree 1 231 19.5 19.9 Agree 2 410 34.5 35.3 Difficult to say 3 385 32.4 33.2 Disagree 4 85 7.2 7.3 Strongly disagree 5 50 4.2 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_40] Finnish foreign policy is nowadays weak and empty
Question
Finnish foreign policy is nowadays weak and empty
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 169 14.2 14.5 Agree 2 415 35.0 35.5 Difficult to say 3 293 24.7 25.1 Disagree 4 262 22.1 22.4 Strongly disagree 5 30 2.5 2.6
(continued on next page)
26 Q3_42
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_41] The internationalisation of Finnish companies supports employ- ment in Finland as well
Question
The internationalisation of Finnish companies supports employment in Finland as well
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Strongly agree 1 123 10.4 10.5 Agree 2 330 27.8 28.3 Difficult to say 3 264 22.2 22.6 Disagree 4 313 26.4 26.8 Strongly disagree 5 136 11.5 11.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_42] The Prime Minister should lead Finnish foreign policy instead of the President
Question
The Prime Minister should lead Finnish foreign policy instead of the President
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 179 15.1 15.3 Agree 2 208 17.5 17.8 Difficult to say 3 315 26.5 26.9 Disagree 4 283 23.8 24.2 Strongly disagree 5 185 15.6 15.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
27 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_43] It is daydreaming to think that Finland could enter into a military alliance only when a real threat is already present
Question
It is daydreaming to think that Finland could enter into a military alliance only when a real threat is already present
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – Strongly agree 1 326 27.5 28.1 Agree 2 315 26.5 27.1 Difficult to say 3 332 28.0 28.6 Disagree 4 131 11.0 11.3 Strongly disagree 5 57 4.8 4.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_44] Finland has nowadays relatively few common interests with the other Nordic countries
Question
Finland has nowadays relatively few common interests with the other Nordic countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 23 1.9 – Strongly agree 1 59 5.0 5.1 Agree 2 295 24.9 25.3 Difficult to say 3 267 22.5 22.9 Disagree 4 409 34.5 35.1 Strongly disagree 5 134 11.3 11.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
28 Q3_46
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_45] Finland has no real military threats
Question
Finland has no real military threats
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 195 16.4 16.7 Agree 2 378 31.8 32.4 Difficult to say 3 233 19.6 19.9 Disagree 4 269 22.7 23.0 Strongly disagree 5 93 7.8 8.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_46] As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it would be safer for Fin- land to be a member of NATO than unallied
Question
As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it would be safer for Finland to be a member of NATO than unallied
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 152 12.8 13.0 Agree 2 173 14.6 14.8 Difficult to say 3 290 24.4 24.8 Disagree 4 256 21.6 21.9 Strongly disagree 5 298 25.1 25.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
29 2. Variables
[Q3_47] The Ukraine would become a suitable EU member state in the future
Question
The Ukraine would become a suitable EU member state in the future
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 45 3.8 3.9 Agree 2 147 12.4 12.6 Difficult to say 3 545 45.9 46.7 Disagree 4 229 19.3 19.6 Strongly disagree 5 202 17.0 17.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_48] Russia is not a democracy according to Western standards
Question
Russia is not a democracy according to Western standards
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 20 1.7 – Strongly agree 1 514 43.3 44.0 Agree 2 416 35.0 35.6 Difficult to say 3 169 14.2 14.5 Disagree 4 53 4.5 4.5 Strongly disagree 5 15 1.3 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_49] Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us
Question
Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us
30 Q3_51
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 15 1.3 – Strongly agree 1 621 52.3 53.0 Agree 2 460 38.8 39.2 Difficult to say 3 65 5.5 5.5 Disagree 4 21 1.8 1.8 Strongly disagree 5 5 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_50] Finland should look out for its own national interests in the EU much more attentively
Question
Finland should look out for its own national interests in the EU much more attentively
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 14 1.2 – Strongly agree 1 669 56.4 57.0 Agree 2 370 31.2 31.5 Difficult to say 3 103 8.7 8.8 Disagree 4 25 2.1 2.1 Strongly disagree 5 6 0.5 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_51] Of all nationalities, Swedes are the closest to us
Question
Of all nationalities, Swedes are the closest to us
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 14 1.2 – Strongly agree 1 243 20.5 20.7
(continued on next page)
31 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 428 36.1 36.5 Difficult to say 3 304 25.6 25.9 Disagree 4 162 13.6 13.8 Strongly disagree 5 36 3.0 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_52] Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tack- ling the climate change
Question
Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 304 25.6 26.0 Agree 2 416 35.0 35.6 Difficult to say 3 176 14.8 15.1 Disagree 4 197 16.6 16.9 Strongly disagree 5 75 6.3 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_53] The President’s role in foreign policy should be strengthened in order to secure the continuation of Finland’s line
Question
The President’s role in foreign policy should be strengthened in order to secure the continuation of Finland’s line
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 169 14.2 14.5
(continued on next page)
32 Q3_55
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 228 19.2 19.5 Difficult to say 3 410 34.5 35.1 Disagree 4 273 23.0 23.4 Strongly disagree 5 88 7.4 7.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_54] Finland should not participate in international debates which could jeopardise our good relationship with Russia
Question
Finland should not participate in international debates which could jeopardise our good rela- tionship with Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 168 14.2 14.4 Agree 2 268 22.6 22.9 Difficult to say 3 256 21.6 21.9 Disagree 4 361 30.4 30.9 Strongly disagree 5 117 9.9 10.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_55] It is not worthwhile for Finns to invest in Russia, because owner- ship is uncertain there
Question
It is not worthwhile for Finns to invest in Russia, because ownership is uncertain there
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Strongly agree 1 152 12.8 13.0
(continued on next page)
33 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 309 26.0 26.5 Difficult to say 3 304 25.6 26.1 Disagree 4 333 28.1 28.6 Strongly disagree 5 68 5.7 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_56] Sweden is no longer more than one EU state among others to Fin- land
Question
Sweden is no longer more than one EU state among others to Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 81 6.8 6.9 Agree 2 265 22.3 22.7 Difficult to say 3 220 18.5 18.8 Disagree 4 446 37.6 38.2 Strongly disagree 5 157 13.2 13.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_57] China is becoming a superpower equal to the USA not only in economy but also in international politics
Question
China is becoming a superpower equal to the USA not only in economy but also in international politics
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 19 1.6 – Strongly agree 1 271 22.8 23.2
(continued on next page)
34 Q3_59
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Agree 2 503 42.4 43.1 Difficult to say 3 259 21.8 22.2 Disagree 4 116 9.8 9.9 Strongly disagree 5 19 1.6 1.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_58] The increasing Russian ownership in Finland is worrying
Question
The increasing Russian ownership in Finland is worrying
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Strongly agree 1 346 29.1 29.6 Agree 2 341 28.7 29.1 Difficult to say 3 216 18.2 18.5 Disagree 4 211 17.8 18.0 Strongly disagree 5 56 4.7 4.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q3_59] Finland could learn much from the dynamic economy of Estonia
Question
Finland could learn much from the dynamic economy of Estonia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 18 1.5 – Strongly agree 1 88 7.4 7.5 Agree 2 244 20.6 20.9 Difficult to say 3 530 44.7 45.3 Disagree 4 232 19.5 19.8
(continued on next page)
35 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Strongly disagree 5 75 6.3 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_1] In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Strengthening the roles of the UN and other organ- isations
Question
In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Strengthening the roles of the UN and other organisations
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 29 2.4 – More than at present 1 406 34.2 35.1 The same amount as at present 2 572 48.2 49.4 Less than at present 3 43 3.6 3.7 Can’t say 4 137 11.5 11.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_2] In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Direct relationships with other countries, also outside organisations
Question
In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Direct relationships with other countries, also outside organisations
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 40 3.4 – More than at present 1 313 26.4 27.3
(continued on next page)
36 Q4_4
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % The same amount as at present 2 592 49.9 51.6 Less than at present 3 77 6.5 6.7 Can’t say 4 165 13.9 14.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_3] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with Russia
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Re- lationship with Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 23 1.9 – More than at present 1 292 24.6 25.1 The same amount as at present 2 751 63.3 64.5 Less than at present 3 54 4.5 4.6 Can’t say 4 67 5.6 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_4] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with the USA
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Re- lationship with the USA
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 24 2.0 – More than at present 1 215 18.1 18.5 The same amount as at present 2 748 63.0 64.3
(continued on next page)
37 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Less than at present 3 136 11.5 11.7 Can’t say 4 64 5.4 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_5] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Baltic States
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Co- operation with the Baltic States
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – More than at present 1 449 37.8 38.7 The same amount as at present 2 603 50.8 51.9 Less than at present 3 36 3.0 3.1 Can’t say 4 73 6.1 6.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_6] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Nordic countries
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Co- operation with the Nordic countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 25 2.1 – More than at present 1 619 52.1 53.3 The same amount as at present 2 486 40.9 41.8 Less than at present 3 14 1.2 1.2
(continued on next page)
38 Q4_8
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Can’t say 4 43 3.6 3.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_7] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Obtaining firm security guarantees
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Ob- taining firm security guarantees
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – More than at present 1 383 32.3 33.0 The same amount as at present 2 502 42.3 43.3 Less than at present 3 62 5.2 5.3 Can’t say 4 212 17.9 18.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_8] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cherishing military non-alignment
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cher- ishing military non-alignment
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 30 2.5 – More than at present 1 333 28.1 28.8 The same amount as at present 2 499 42.0 43.1 Less than at present 3 201 16.9 17.4 Can’t say 4 124 10.4 10.7
(continued on next page)
39 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_9] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of NATO membership
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Pro- motion of NATO membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – More than at present 1 207 17.4 17.8 The same amount as at present 2 248 20.9 21.4 Less than at present 3 526 44.3 45.3 Can’t say 4 179 15.1 15.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_10] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Nordic defence cooperation
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Nordic defence cooperation
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 24 2.0 – More than at present 1 489 41.2 42.0 The same amount as at present 2 534 45.0 45.9 Less than at present 3 45 3.8 3.9 Can’t say 4 95 8.0 8.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
40 Q4_12
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_11] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of free world trade
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Pro- motion of free world trade
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – More than at present 1 309 26.0 26.6 The same amount as at present 2 575 48.4 49.6 Less than at present 3 135 11.4 11.6 Can’t say 4 141 11.9 12.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_12] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of fair globalisation
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Pro- motion of fair globalisation
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – More than at present 1 516 43.5 44.5 The same amount as at present 2 447 37.7 38.6 Less than at present 3 71 6.0 6.1 Can’t say 4 125 10.5 10.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
41 2. Variables
[Q4_13] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Increase in development cooperation funds
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: In- crease in development cooperation funds
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 30 2.5 – More than at present 1 296 24.9 25.6 The same amount as at present 2 520 43.8 44.9 Less than at present 3 243 20.5 21.0 Can’t say 4 98 8.3 8.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_14] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Securing Finland’s national benefits
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Se- curing Finland’s national benefits
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – More than at present 1 776 65.4 66.8 The same amount as at present 2 338 28.5 29.1 Less than at present 3 6 0.5 0.5 Can’t say 4 41 3.5 3.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
42 Q4_16
[Q4_15] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Defending human rights all over the world
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: De- fending human rights all over the world
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 30 2.5 – More than at present 1 608 51.2 52.5 The same amount as at present 2 459 38.7 39.7 Less than at present 3 52 4.4 4.5 Can’t say 4 38 3.2 3.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_16] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Mediating international crises
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Me- diating international crises
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – More than at present 1 190 16.0 16.4 The same amount as at present 2 734 61.8 63.2 Less than at present 3 169 14.2 14.6 Can’t say 4 68 5.7 5.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
43 2. Variables
[Q4_17] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Participation in military crisis management
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Par- ticipation in military crisis management
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 25 2.1 – More than at present 1 76 6.4 6.5 The same amount as at present 2 677 57.0 58.3 Less than at present 3 324 27.3 27.9 Can’t say 4 85 7.2 7.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_18] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Traditional peacekeeping and civilian crisis man- agement
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Tra- ditional peacekeeping and civilian crisis management
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 29 2.4 – More than at present 1 197 16.6 17.0 The same amount as at present 2 826 69.6 71.3 Less than at present 3 77 6.5 6.6 Can’t say 4 58 4.9 5.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
44 Q4_20
[Q4_19] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Tackling climate change
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Tack- ling climate change
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 24 2.0 – More than at present 1 694 58.5 59.7 The same amount as at present 2 367 30.9 31.6 Less than at present 3 65 5.5 5.6 Can’t say 4 37 3.1 3.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q4_20] In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Solving environmental problems in the Baltic Sea
Question
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Solv- ing environmental problems in the Baltic Sea
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 20 1.7 – More than at present 1 889 74.9 76.2 The same amount as at present 2 213 17.9 18.3 Less than at present 3 28 2.4 2.4 Can’t say 4 37 3.1 3.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
45 2. Variables
[Q5_1] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Finnish foreign policy as a whole
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Finnish foreign policy as a whole
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 36 3.0 – Very good 1 80 6.7 7.0 Fairly good 2 884 74.5 76.8 Fairly bad 3 119 10.0 10.3 Very bad 4 5 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 5 63 5.3 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_2] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: President Tarja Halonen
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: President Tarja Halonen
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Very good 1 334 28.1 28.8 Fairly good 2 559 47.1 48.2 Fairly bad 3 158 13.3 13.6 Very bad 4 47 4.0 4.1 Can’t say 5 61 5.1 5.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
46 Q5_4
[Q5_3] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Very good 1 118 9.9 10.2 Fairly good 2 582 49.0 50.2 Fairly bad 3 313 26.4 27.0 Very bad 4 61 5.1 5.3 Can’t say 5 85 7.2 7.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_4] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister for Foreign Affairs Ilkka Kanerva
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister for Foreign Affairs Ilkka Kanerva
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 23 1.9 – Very good 1 194 16.3 16.7 Fairly good 2 551 46.4 47.3 Fairly bad 3 205 17.3 17.6 Very bad 4 52 4.4 4.5 Can’t say 5 162 13.6 13.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
47 2. Variables
[Q5_5] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister of Defence Jyri Häkämies
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister of Defence Jyri Häkämies
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 25 2.1 – Very good 1 59 5.0 5.1 Fairly good 2 298 25.1 25.6 Fairly bad 3 387 32.6 33.3 Very bad 4 205 17.3 17.6 Can’t say 5 213 17.9 18.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_6] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s current government as a whole (the main par- ties being the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party)
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s current government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the National Coali- tion Party)
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 31 2.6 – Very good 1 72 6.1 6.2 Fairly good 2 512 43.1 44.3 Fairly bad 3 324 27.3 28.0 Very bad 4 101 8.5 8.7 Can’t say 5 147 12.4 12.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
48 Q5_8
[Q5_7] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s previous government as a whole (the main par- ties being the Centre Party and the Social Democratic Party)
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s previous government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the Social Demo- cratic Party)
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Very good 1 40 3.4 3.5 Fairly good 2 567 47.8 48.9 Fairly bad 3 314 26.5 27.1 Very bad 4 41 3.5 3.5 Can’t say 5 197 16.6 17.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_8] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Lipponen’s second government (the main parties being the Social Democratic Party and the National Coalition Party)
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Lipponen’s sec- ond government (the main parties being the Social Democratic Party and the National Coalition Party)
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 31 2.6 – Very good 1 67 5.6 5.8 Fairly good 2 504 42.5 43.6 Fairly bad 3 267 22.5 23.1 Very bad 4 75 6.3 6.5 Can’t say 5 243 20.5 21.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
49 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_9] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Previous Minister for Foreign Affairs Erkki Tuomioja
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Previous Min- ister for Foreign Affairs Erkki Tuomioja
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 25 2.1 – Very good 1 218 18.4 18.8 Fairly good 2 475 40.0 40.9 Fairly bad 3 238 20.1 20.5 Very bad 4 83 7.0 7.1 Can’t say 5 148 12.5 12.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q5_10] How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Officials of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Question
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Officials of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Very good 1 43 3.6 3.7 Fairly good 2 397 33.4 34.3 Fairly bad 3 174 14.7 15.0 Very bad 4 39 3.3 3.4 Can’t say 5 506 42.6 43.7
(continued on next page)
50 Q6_2
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_1] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its ac- tivities have recently changed in some way: Functionality of the EU decision- making process
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Functionality of the EU decision-making process
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 42 3.5 – It has strengthened 1 50 4.2 4.4 It has remained the same 2 452 38.1 39.5 It has weakened 3 453 38.2 39.6 Can’t say 4 190 16.0 16.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_2] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: National selfishness of the member states, self-seeking and stonewalling in decision-making processes
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: National selfishness of the member states, self-seeking and stonewalling in decision- making processes
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 38 3.2 – It has strengthened 1 699 58.9 60.8
(continued on next page)
51 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % It has remained the same 2 244 20.6 21.2 It has weakened 3 70 5.9 6.1 Can’t say 4 136 11.5 11.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_3] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global economic actor
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global economic actor
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 36 3.0 – It has strengthened 1 228 19.2 19.8 It has remained the same 2 609 51.3 52.9 It has weakened 3 155 13.1 13.5 Can’t say 4 159 13.4 13.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_4] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global political actor
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global political actor
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 35 2.9 –
(continued on next page) 52 Q6_6
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % It has strengthened 1 156 13.1 13.5 It has remained the same 2 675 56.9 58.6 It has weakened 3 166 14.0 14.4 Can’t say 4 155 13.1 13.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_5] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Relationship between the EU and Russia
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Relationship between the EU and Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 34 2.9 – It has strengthened 1 89 7.5 7.7 It has remained the same 2 508 42.8 44.1 It has weakened 3 367 30.9 31.8 Can’t say 4 189 15.9 16.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_6] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Openness/transparency of EU activity
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Openness/transparency of EU activity
Frequencies
53 2. Variables
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 36 3.0 – It has strengthened 1 51 4.3 4.4 It has remained the same 2 464 39.1 40.3 It has weakened 3 442 37.2 38.4 Can’t say 4 194 16.3 16.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_7] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its ac- tivities have recently changed in some way: Influence of the large member states
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Influence of the large member states
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 32 2.7 – It has strengthened 1 827 69.7 71.6 It has remained the same 2 210 17.7 18.2 It has weakened 3 21 1.8 1.8 Can’t say 4 97 8.2 8.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_8] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finland’s influence
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finland’s influence
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 33 2.8 – It has strengthened 1 7 0.6 0.6
(continued on next page)
54 Q6_10
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % It has remained the same 2 336 28.3 29.1 It has weakened 3 728 61.3 63.1 Can’t say 4 83 7.0 7.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_9] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Successfulness of Finnish EU policy in general
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Successfulness of Finnish EU policy in general
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 34 2.9 – It has strengthened 1 30 2.5 2.6 It has remained the same 2 488 41.1 42.3 It has weakened 3 497 41.9 43.1 Can’t say 4 138 11.6 12.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_10] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finns’ trust in the EU and its activities
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finns’ trust in the EU and its activities
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 33 2.8 –
(continued on next page) 55 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % It has strengthened 1 32 2.7 2.8 It has remained the same 2 324 27.3 28.1 It has weakened 3 708 59.6 61.4 Can’t say 4 90 7.6 7.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q6_11] Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Your trust in the EU and its activities
Question
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Your trust in the EU and its activities
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 32 2.7 – It has strengthened 1 67 5.6 5.8 It has remained the same 2 407 34.3 35.2 It has weakened 3 621 52.3 53.8 Can’t say 4 60 5.1 5.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_1] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Environmental issues related to Russian gas and oil export
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Environmental issues related to Russian gas and oil export
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 29 2.4 –
(continued on next page)
56 Q7_3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Very important 1 766 64.5 66.1 Fairly important 2 323 27.2 27.9 Less important 3 30 2.5 2.6 Can’t say 4 39 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_2] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Russian wood tariffs and other obstacles to trade
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Russian wood tariffs and other obstacles to trade
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – Very important 1 782 65.9 67.4 Fairly important 2 306 25.8 26.4 Less important 3 33 2.8 2.8 Can’t say 4 39 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_3] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Fluidity of the truck and other freight traffic between Finland and Russia
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Fluidity of the truck and other freight traffic between Finland and Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 –
(continued on next page)
57 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Very important 1 861 72.5 74.3 Fairly important 2 245 20.6 21.1 Less important 3 27 2.3 2.3 Can’t say 4 26 2.2 2.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_4] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Promoting the mobility of workers from Russia to Finland
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Promoting the mobility of workers from Russia to Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 30 2.5 – Very important 1 74 6.2 6.4 Fairly important 2 329 27.7 28.4 Less important 3 691 58.2 59.7 Can’t say 4 63 5.3 5.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_5] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Securing Finnish companies’ scope for action in Russia
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing Finnish com- panies’ scope for action in Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 29 2.4 – Very important 1 480 40.4 41.5
(continued on next page)
58 Q7_7
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Fairly important 2 504 42.5 43.5 Less important 3 112 9.4 9.7 Can’t say 4 62 5.2 5.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_6] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Activities and acquisitions of Russian companies in Finland
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Activities and acquisi- tions of Russian companies in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 28 2.4 – Very important 1 129 10.9 11.1 Fairly important 2 410 34.5 35.4 Less important 3 539 45.4 46.5 Can’t say 4 81 6.8 7.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_7] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: St. Petersburg area’s environmental load to the Baltic Sea
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: St. Petersburg area’s environmental load to the Baltic Sea
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 25 2.1 – Very important 1 961 81.0 82.7 Fairly important 2 154 13.0 13.3
(continued on next page)
59 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Less important 3 18 1.5 1.5 Can’t say 4 29 2.4 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_8] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Increased Russian military activity in areas close to Finland
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Increased Russian mil- itary activity in areas close to Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 29 2.4 – Very important 1 492 41.4 42.5 Fairly important 2 444 37.4 38.3 Less important 3 149 12.6 12.9 Can’t say 4 73 6.1 6.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_9] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following is- sues: Securing electricity supply from Russia to Finland
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing electricity supply from Russia to Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 26 2.2 – Very important 1 611 51.5 52.6 Fairly important 2 432 36.4 37.2 Less important 3 64 5.4 5.5
(continued on next page)
60 Q8_1
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Can’t say 4 54 4.5 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q7_10] How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia
Question
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – Very important 1 391 32.9 33.7 Fairly important 2 543 45.7 46.8 Less important 3 159 13.4 13.7 Can’t say 4 67 5.6 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_1] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s international influence
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s international influence
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 45 3.8 – Would increase 1 245 20.6 21.5 Would not change 2 551 46.4 48.2 Would decrease 3 192 16.2 16.8 Can’t say 4 154 13.0 13.5
(continued on next page)
61 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_2] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s external/military security
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s external/military security
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 43 3.6 – Would increase 1 408 34.4 35.7 Would not change 2 334 28.1 29.2 Would decrease 3 241 20.3 21.1 Can’t say 4 161 13.6 14.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_3] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Clarity of Finland’s international status
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Clarity of Finland’s international status
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 46 3.9 – Would increase 1 339 28.6 29.7 Would not change 2 428 36.1 37.5 Would decrease 3 219 18.4 19.2 Can’t say 4 155 13.1 13.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
62 Q8_5
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_4] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with Russia
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with Russia
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 42 3.5 – Would increase 1 37 3.1 3.2 Would not change 2 219 18.4 19.1 Would decrease 3 757 63.8 66.1 Can’t say 4 132 11.1 11.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_5] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with the USA
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with the USA
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 42 3.5 – Would increase 1 636 53.6 55.5 Would not change 2 344 29.0 30.0 Would decrease 3 37 3.1 3.2 Can’t say 4 128 10.8 11.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
63 2. Variables
[Q8_6] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Capability to counter the military threat Rus- sia poses
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Capability to counter the military threat Russia poses
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 44 3.7 – Would increase 1 439 37.0 38.4 Would not change 2 388 32.7 33.9 Would decrease 3 118 9.9 10.3 Can’t say 4 198 16.7 17.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_7] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for a military strike
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for a military strike
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 41 3.5 – Would increase 1 516 43.5 45.0 Would not change 2 348 29.3 30.4 Would decrease 3 131 11.0 11.4 Can’t say 4 151 12.7 13.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
64 Q8_9
[Q8_8] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Our soldiers’ participation in dangerous crisis management operations
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Our soldiers’ participation in dangerous crisis management operations
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 44 3.7 – Would increase 1 860 72.5 75.2 Would not change 2 179 15.1 15.7 Would decrease 3 21 1.8 1.8 Can’t say 4 83 7.0 7.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_9] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Share of defence expenditure in the state bud- get
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Share of defence expenditure in the state budget
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 42 3.5 – Would increase 1 876 73.8 76.5 Would not change 2 104 8.8 9.1 Would decrease 3 40 3.4 3.5 Can’t say 4 125 10.5 10.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
65 2. Variables
[Q8_10] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Receiving information on security threats
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Receiving information on security threats
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 45 3.8 – Would increase 1 532 44.8 46.6 Would not change 2 409 34.5 35.8 Would decrease 3 43 3.6 3.8 Can’t say 4 158 13.3 13.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_11] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for terrorism
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for terrorism
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 41 3.5 – Would increase 1 678 57.1 59.2 Would not change 2 316 26.6 27.6 Would decrease 3 32 2.7 2.8 Can’t say 4 120 10.1 10.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
66 Q8_13
[Q8_12] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s opportunities to mediate interna- tional crises
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s opportunities to mediate international crises
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 47 4.0 – Would increase 1 304 25.6 26.7 Would not change 2 455 38.3 39.9 Would decrease 3 238 20.1 20.9 Can’t say 4 143 12.0 12.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_13] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Need to retain compulsory military service
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Need to retain compulsory military service
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 46 3.9 – Would increase 1 239 20.1 20.9 Would not change 2 497 41.9 43.6 Would decrease 3 265 22.3 23.2 Can’t say 4 140 11.8 12.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
67 2. Variables
[Q8_14] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s national sovereignty
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s national sovereignty
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 47 4.0 – Would increase 1 60 5.1 5.3 Would not change 2 354 29.8 31.1 Would decrease 3 625 52.7 54.8 Can’t say 4 101 8.5 8.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_15] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s trade relations with other countries
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s trade relations with other countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 46 3.9 – Would increase 1 96 8.1 8.4 Would not change 2 712 60.0 62.4 Would decrease 3 117 9.9 10.3 Can’t say 4 216 18.2 18.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
68 Q8_17
[Q8_16] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ will to defend their country and their patriotism
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ will to defend their country and their patriotism
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 47 4.0 – Would increase 1 91 7.7 8.0 Would not change 2 484 40.8 42.5 Would decrease 3 449 37.8 39.4 Can’t say 4 116 9.8 10.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q8_17] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ feeling of security
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ feeling of security
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 43 3.6 – Would increase 1 316 26.6 27.6 Would not change 2 337 28.4 29.5 Would decrease 3 307 25.9 26.8 Can’t say 4 184 15.5 16.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
69 2. Variables
[Q8_18] In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Your personal feeling of security
Question
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Your personal feeling of security
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 43 3.6 – Would increase 1 226 19.0 19.8 Would not change 2 370 31.2 32.3 Would decrease 3 429 36.1 37.5 Can’t say 4 119 10.0 10.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_1] Do the following statements apply to you: I have had a job that has later been moved abroad
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: I have had a job that has later been moved abroad
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 46 3.9 – Yes, it is true 1 102 8.6 8.9 No, it isn’t true 2 845 71.2 74.1 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 140 11.8 12.3 Can’t say 4 54 4.5 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_2] Do the following statements apply to you: There is a risk that my job will be moved abroad in the near future
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: There is a risk that my job will be moved abroad in the near future
70 Q9_4
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 56 4.7 – Yes, it is true 1 68 5.7 6.0 No, it isn’t true 2 791 66.6 69.9 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 200 16.8 17.7 Can’t say 4 72 6.1 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_3] Do the following statements apply to you: The nature of my job makes it difficult to move it abroad
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: The nature of my job makes it difficult to move it abroad
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 56 4.7 – Yes, it is true 1 610 51.4 53.9 No, it isn’t true 2 286 24.1 25.3 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 166 14.0 14.7 Can’t say 4 69 5.8 6.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_4] Do the following statements apply to you: I am in regular contact with other countries because of my job
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: I am in regular contact with other countries because of my job
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 61 5.1 –
(continued on next page) 71 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Yes, it is true 1 189 15.9 16.8 No, it isn’t true 2 644 54.3 57.2 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 243 20.5 21.6 Can’t say 4 50 4.2 4.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_5] Do the following statements apply to you: I believe that in other countries I would receive a wage that would correspond better with my skills
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: I believe that in other countries I would receive a wage that would correspond better with my skills
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 56 4.7 – Yes, it is true 1 329 27.7 29.1 No, it isn’t true 2 473 39.8 41.8 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 162 13.6 14.3 Can’t say 4 167 14.1 14.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q9_6] Do the following statements apply to you: Globalisation has in- creased employment opportunities in my field/made my job more secure
Question
Do the following statements apply to you: Globalisation has increased employment opportuni- ties in my field/made my job more secure
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 59 5.0 –
(continued on next page)
72 Q11
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Yes, it is true 1 181 15.2 16.0 No, it isn’t true 2 589 49.6 52.2 I’m not/haven’t been in the labour market 3 151 12.7 13.4 Can’t say 4 207 17.4 18.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q10] What is your current attitude towards Finland’s EU membership?
Question
What is your current attitude towards Finland’s EU membership?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 20 1.7 – Very positive 1 112 9.4 9.6 Somewhat positive 2 309 26.0 26.5 Neutral 3 320 27.0 27.4 Somewhat negative 4 276 23.3 23.7 Very negative 5 138 11.6 11.8 Can’t say 6 12 1.0 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q11] The Euro replaced the Finnish currency at the beginning of 2002. What is your attitude to this?
Question
The Euro replaced the Finnish currency at the beginning of 2002. What is your attitude to this?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 20 1.7 – Very positive 1 236 19.9 20.2 Somewhat positive 2 248 20.9 21.3
(continued on next page)
73 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Neutral 3 203 17.1 17.4 Somewhat negative 4 218 18.4 18.7 Very negative 5 257 21.7 22.0 Can’t say 6 5 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[Q12] What is your attitude towards the 2004 EU enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the Baltic States?
Question
What is your attitude towards the 2004 EU enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the Baltic States?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 21 1.8 – Very positive 1 90 7.6 7.7 Somewhat positive 2 285 24.0 24.4 Neutral 3 396 33.4 34.0 Somewhat negative 4 237 20.0 20.3 Very negative 5 115 9.7 9.9 Can’t say 6 43 3.6 3.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV1] Respondent’s gender
Question
Respondent’s gender
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 6 0.5 – Male 1 608 51.2 51.5
(continued on next page)
74 BV3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Female 2 573 48.3 48.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV2] Respondent’s age group
Question
Respondent’s age group
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 44 3.7 – 18-25 years 1 94 7.9 8.2 26-35 years 2 159 13.4 13.9 36-45 years 3 182 15.3 15.9 46-55 years 4 228 19.2 19.9 56-65 years 5 320 27.0 28.0 Over 65 years 6 160 13.5 14.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV3] Size of the respondent’s municipality of residence
Question
Size of the respondent’s municipality of residence
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 74 6.2 – Less than 4,000 inhabitants 1 86 7.2 7.7 4,000-8,000 inhabitants 2 129 10.9 11.6 8,000-30,000 inhabitants 3 305 25.7 27.4 30,000-80,000 inhabitants 4 212 17.9 19.0 Over 80,000 inhabitants 5 381 32.1 34.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page)
75 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV4] Respondent’s basic education
Question
Respondent’s basic education
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – Primary education 1 262 22.1 22.6 Lower secondary education 2 410 34.5 35.3 Upper secondary education 3 488 41.1 42.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV5] Respondent’s vocational education
Question
Respondent’s vocational education
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 27 2.3 – No vocational education 1 156 13.1 13.4 Vocational course, other short voc. training 2 134 11.3 11.6 Upper secondary level vocational education 3 257 21.7 22.2 College level education 4 307 25.9 26.5 Polytechnic education 5 94 7.9 8.1 University education 6 212 17.9 18.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
76 BV7
[BV6] Respondent’s industry of employment
Question
Respondent’s industry of employment
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Agriculture and forestry 1 57 4.8 4.9 Industry and construction 2 206 17.4 17.6 Private services 3 232 19.5 19.8 Public services 4 279 23.5 23.9 Not in the labour market 5 395 33.3 33.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV7] Region of residence (NUTS3)
Question
Region of residence (NUTS3)
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 17 1.4 – Uusimaa 1 281 23.7 24.0 Eastern Uusimaa 2 11 0.9 0.9 Southwest Finland 3 129 10.9 11.0 Satakunta 4 41 3.5 3.5 Häme 5 47 4.0 4.0 Tampere Region 6 98 8.3 8.4 Päijät-Häme 7 57 4.8 4.9 Kymenlaakso 8 43 3.6 3.7 South Karelia 9 38 3.2 3.2 South Savo 10 38 3.2 3.2 North Savo 11 42 3.5 3.6 North Karelia 12 30 2.5 2.6 Central Finland 13 89 7.5 7.6 South Ostrobothnia 14 46 3.9 3.9 Ostrobothnia, Vaasa Coastal 15 26 2.2 2.2
(continued on next page)
77 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Central Ostrobothnia 16 20 1.7 1.7 North Ostrobothnia 17 87 7.3 7.4 Kainuu 18 16 1.3 1.4 Lapland 19 31 2.6 2.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV8] Respondent’s economic activity
Question
Respondent’s economic activity
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 31 2.6 – Higher managerial employee 1 51 4.3 4.4 Lower managerial or professional employee 2 150 12.6 13.0 Lower level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 3 140 11.8 12.1 Worker 4 274 23.1 23.7 Entrepreneur or self-employed 5 114 9.6 9.9 Farmer 6 33 2.8 2.9 Student 7 65 5.5 5.6 Pensioner 8 275 23.2 23.8 Housewife/househusband, homemaker 9 13 1.1 1.1 Unemployed 10 26 2.2 2.2 Something else 11 15 1.3 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV9] Respondent’s trade union membership
Question
Respondent’s trade union membership
Frequencies
78 KIELI
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 60 5.1 – No, not a member 1 567 47.8 50.3 Yes, my trade union is: 2 25 2.1 2.2 SAK (Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions) 3 224 18.9 19.9 STTK (Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employ- 4 121 10.2 10.7 ees) Akava (Confederation of Unions for Academic Pro- 5 158 13.3 14.0 fessionals) MTK (Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest 6 32 2.7 2.8 Owners) System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[BV10] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for?
Question
If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 32 2.7 – Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 1 160 13.5 13.9 National Coalition Party (KOK) 2 209 17.6 18.1 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 3 198 16.7 17.1 Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto) 4 47 4.0 4.1 Greens (Vihreät) 5 101 8.5 8.7 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 6 38 3.2 3.3 Christian Democrats (KD) 7 25 2.1 2.2 True Finns (Perussuomalaiset) 8 73 6.1 6.3 Some other party or group 9 11 0.9 1.0 Wouldn’t vote 10 63 5.3 5.5 Can’t say 11 155 13.1 13.4 Don’t want to say 12 75 6.3 6.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0
[KIELI] Questionnaire language
Question
Questionnaire language
79 2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Finnish 1 1130 95.2 95.2 Swedish 2 57 4.8 4.8 1187 100.0 100.0
80 Chapter 3
Indexes
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence
FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 5 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 5 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 6 At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland’s EU membership? [Q1] 6 How well informed do you feel you are of these issues? [Q2] ...... 6 The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have credibility in international poli- tics [Q3_1] ...... 7 The EU membership fees are far too high compared to the benefits gained by the membership [Q3_2] ...... 7 Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe’s development [Q3_3] ...... 8 Increasing immigration is an issue concerning all EU member states and taking care of it re- quires a common EU policy [Q3_4] ...... 8 Finland should participate in international debate more bravely [Q3_5] ...... 9 There is enough reliable information available to everyone about matters related to Finland’s EU membership [Q3_6] ...... 9 Finland should leave the EU altogether [Q3_7] ...... 10 Finland should follow Sweden’s example and already begin to abolish compulsory military service [Q3_8] ...... 10 In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot help us [Q3_9] ...... 11 EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we do not want or need [Q3_10] ...... 11 The actions and policies of the USA in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns [Q3_11] ...... 12
81 3. Indexes
Turkey’s EU membership would be a good thing because it would help Islamic and Western cultures to understand each other [Q3_12] ...... 12 Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU [Q3_13] ...... 13 A common, strong EU foreign policy would also benefit Finland [Q3_14] ...... 13 The EU should have a common defence [Q3_15] ...... 14 If I did not know Finland is an EU member state, I would not easily notice it in my everyday life [Q3_16] ...... 14 The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy [Q3_17] ...... 15 The Prime Minister should represent Finland in EU summits instead of the President, because it would enable parliamentarism to work better [Q3_18] ...... 15 Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards their big neighbour [Q3_19] ...... 16 Finland should join NATO [Q3_20] ...... 16 It is Finland’s responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all over the world [Q3_21] ...... 17 Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively involved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union’s decisions [Q3_22] ...... 17 Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly [Q3_23] ...... 18 I would support Finland’s membership in NATO if the Government and the President were in favour of it [Q3_24] ...... 18 Being a small country, Finland should not participate in solving the problems of various crisis spots around the world [Q3_25] ...... 19 International terrorism poses no threat to Finland if we do not get involved in the conflicts of the world [Q3_26] ...... 19 The energy and environmental policy of the EU does not take into account the special circum- stances in Finland and will therefore become excessively expensive for our country [Q3_27] 20 The EU is too complicated and distant to be understood [Q3_28] ...... 20 The globalisation of international economy will increase global welfare [Q3_29] ...... 21 EU membership has caused excessive problems for Finnish agriculture [Q3_30] ...... 21 The Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international issues, forgetting domestic prob- lems [Q3_31] ...... 22 Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries [Q3_32] ...... 22 The most important goal in Finnish foreign policy is to maintain good relationships with the USA and Russia [Q3_33] ...... 23 I am satisfied with the actions of the current Government in EU issues [Q3_34] ...... 23 Russia has again become a self-conscious superpower to be reckoned with [Q3_35] ...... 24
82 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
In foreign policy, environmental questions have already become even more important than se- curity policy [Q3_36] ...... 24 Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it [Q3_37] ...... 25 Epidemics, environmental pollution and natural disasters are greater security threats to Finland than acts of military aggression [Q3_38] ...... 25 The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank [Q3_39] ...... 26 Finnish foreign policy is nowadays weak and empty [Q3_40] ...... 26 The internationalisation of Finnish companies supports employment in Finland as well [Q3_41] 27 The Prime Minister should lead Finnish foreign policy instead of the President [Q3_42] . . . 27 It is daydreaming to think that Finland could enter into a military alliance only when a real threat is already present [Q3_43] ...... 28 Finland has nowadays relatively few common interests with the other Nordic countries [Q3_44] 28 Finland has no real military threats [Q3_45] ...... 29 As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it would be safer for Finland to be a member of NATO than unallied [Q3_46] ...... 29 The Ukraine would become a suitable EU member state in the future [Q3_47] ...... 30 Russia is not a democracy according to Western standards [Q3_48] ...... 30 Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us [Q3_49] 30 Finland should look out for its own national interests in the EU much more attentively [Q3_50] 31 Of all nationalities, Swedes are the closest to us [Q3_51] ...... 31 Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change [Q3_52] ...... 32 The President’s role in foreign policy should be strengthened in order to secure the continuation of Finland’s line [Q3_53] ...... 32 Finland should not participate in international debates which could jeopardise our good rela- tionship with Russia [Q3_54] ...... 33 It is not worthwhile for Finns to invest in Russia, because ownership is uncertain there [Q3_55] 33 Sweden is no longer more than one EU state among others to Finland [Q3_56] ...... 34 China is becoming a superpower equal to the USA not only in economy but also in international politics [Q3_57] ...... 34 The increasing Russian ownership in Finland is worrying [Q3_58] ...... 35 Finland could learn much from the dynamic economy of Estonia [Q3_59] ...... 35
83 3. Indexes
In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Strengthening the roles of the UN and other organisations [Q4_1] ...... 36 In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Direct relationships with other countries, also outside organisations [Q4_2] ...... 36 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with Russia [Q4_3] ...... 37 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with the USA [Q4_4] ...... 37 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Baltic States [Q4_5] ...... 38 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Nordic countries [Q4_6] ...... 38 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Obtaining firm security guarantees [Q4_7] ...... 39 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cherishing military non-alignment [Q4_8] ...... 39 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of NATO membership [Q4_9] ...... 40 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Nordic defence cooperation [Q4_10] ...... 40 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of free world trade [Q4_11] ...... 41 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of fair globalisation [Q4_12] ...... 41 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Increase in development cooperation funds [Q4_13] ...... 42 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Securing Finland’s national benefits [Q4_14] ...... 42 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Defending human rights all over the world [Q4_15] ...... 43 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Mediating international crises [Q4_16] ...... 43 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Participation in military crisis management [Q4_17] ...... 44 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Traditional peacekeeping and civilian crisis management [Q4_18] ...... 44 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Tackling climate change [Q4_19] ...... 45 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Solving environmental problems in the Baltic Sea [Q4_20] ...... 45
84 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Finnish foreign policy as a whole [Q5_1] ...... 46 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: President Tarja Halonen [Q5_2] ...... 46 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen [Q5_3] ...... 47 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister for Foreign Affairs Ilkka Kanerva [Q5_4] ...... 47 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister of Defence Jyri Häkämies [Q5_5] ...... 48 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s current government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the National Coali- tion Party) [Q5_6] ...... 48 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s previous government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the Social Demo- cratic Party) [Q5_7] ...... 49 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Lipponen’s second government (the main parties being the Social Democratic Party and the National Coali- tion Party) [Q5_8] ...... 49 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Previous Min- ister for Foreign Affairs Erkki Tuomioja [Q5_9] ...... 50 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Officials of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Q5_10] ...... 50 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Functionality of the EU decision-making process [Q6_1] ...... 51 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: National selfishness of the member states, self-seeking and stonewalling in decision- making processes [Q6_2] ...... 51 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global economic actor [Q6_3] ...... 52 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global political actor [Q6_4] ...... 52 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Relationship between the EU and Russia [Q6_5] ...... 53 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Openness/transparency of EU activity [Q6_6] ...... 53 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Influence of the large member states [Q6_7] ...... 54 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finland’s influence [Q6_8] ...... 54 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed
85 3. Indexes in some way: Successfulness of Finnish EU policy in general [Q6_9] ...... 55 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finns’ trust in the EU and its activities [Q6_10] ...... 55 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Your trust in the EU and its activities [Q6_11] ...... 56 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Environmental issues related to Russian gas and oil export [Q7_1] ...... 56 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Russian wood tariffs and other obstacles to trade [Q7_2] ...... 57 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Fluidity of the truck and other freight traffic between Finland and Russia [Q7_3] ...... 57 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Promoting the mobility of workers from Russia to Finland [Q7_4] ...... 58 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing Finnish com- panies’ scope for action in Russia [Q7_5] ...... 58 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Activities and acquisi- tions of Russian companies in Finland [Q7_6] ...... 59 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: St. Petersburg area’s environmental load to the Baltic Sea [Q7_7] ...... 59 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Increased Russian mil- itary activity in areas close to Finland [Q7_8] ...... 60 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing electricity supply from Russia to Finland [Q7_9] ...... 60 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia [Q7_10] ...... 61 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s international influence [Q8_1] ...... 61 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s external/military security [Q8_2] ...... 62 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Clarity of Finland’s international status [Q8_3] ...... 62 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with Russia [Q8_4] ...... 63 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with the USA [Q8_5] ...... 63 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Capability to counter the military threat Russia poses [Q8_6] ...... 64 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for a military strike [Q8_7] ...... 64 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things:
86 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
Our soldiers’ participation in dangerous crisis management operations [Q8_8] ...... 65 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Share of defence expenditure in the state budget [Q8_9] ...... 65 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Receiving information on security threats [Q8_10] ...... 66 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for terrorism [Q8_11] ...... 66 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s opportunities to mediate international crises [Q8_12] ...... 67 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Need to retain compulsory military service [Q8_13] ...... 67 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s national sovereignty [Q8_14] ...... 68 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s trade relations with other countries [Q8_15] ...... 68 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ will to defend their country and their patriotism [Q8_16] ...... 69 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ feeling of security [Q8_17] ...... 69 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Your personal feeling of security [Q8_18] ...... 70 Do the following statements apply to you: I have had a job that has later been moved abroad [Q9_1] ...... 70 Do the following statements apply to you: There is a risk that my job will be moved abroad in the near future [Q9_2] ...... 70 Do the following statements apply to you: The nature of my job makes it difficult to move it abroad [Q9_3] ...... 71 Do the following statements apply to you: I am in regular contact with other countries because of my job [Q9_4] ...... 71 Do the following statements apply to you: I believe that in other countries I would receive a wage that would correspond better with my skills [Q9_5] ...... 72 Do the following statements apply to you: Globalisation has increased employment opportuni- ties in my field/made my job more secure [Q9_6] ...... 72 What is your current attitude towards Finland’s EU membership? [Q10] ...... 73 The Euro replaced the Finnish currency at the beginning of 2002. What is your attitude to this? [Q11] ...... 73 What is your attitude towards the 2004 EU enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the Baltic States? [Q12] ...... 74 Respondent’s gender [BV1] ...... 74
87 3. Indexes
Respondent’s age group [BV2] ...... 75 Size of the respondent’s municipality of residence [BV3] ...... 75 Respondent’s basic education [BV4] ...... 76 Respondent’s vocational education [BV5] ...... 76 Respondent’s industry of employment [BV6] ...... 77 Region of residence (NUTS3) [BV7] ...... 77 Respondent’s economic activity [BV8] ...... 78 Respondent’s trade union membership [BV9] ...... 78 If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? [BV10] 79 Questionnaire language [KIELI] ...... 79
88 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order
A common, strong EU foreign policy would also benefit Finland ...... 13 Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe’s development ...... 8 As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it would be safer for Finland to be a member of NATO than unallied ...... 29 At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland’s EU membership? . . . . . 6 Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively involved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union’s decisions ...... 17 Being a small country, Finland should not participate in solving the problems of various crisis spots around the world ...... 19 China is becoming a superpower equal to the USA not only in economy but also in international politics ...... 34 Do the following statements apply to you: Globalisation has increased employment opportuni- ties in my field/made my job more secure ...... 72 Do the following statements apply to you: I am in regular contact with other countries because ofmyjob ...... 71 Do the following statements apply to you: I believe that in other countries I would receive a wage that would correspond better with my skills ...... 72 Do the following statements apply to you: I have had a job that has later been moved abroad 70 Do the following statements apply to you: The nature of my job makes it difficult to move it abroad ...... 71 Do the following statements apply to you: There is a risk that my job will be moved abroad in the near future ...... 70 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finland’s influence ...... 54 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Finns’ trust in the EU and its activities ...... 55 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Functionality of the EU decision-making process ...... 51 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Influence of the large member states ...... 54 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: National selfishness of the member states, self-seeking and stonewalling in decision- making processes ...... 51 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Openness/transparency of EU activity ...... 53 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Relationship between the EU and Russia ...... 53
89 3. Indexes
Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global economic actor ...... 52 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Strength of the EU as a global political actor ...... 52 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Successfulness of Finnish EU policy in general ...... 55 Do you think that the following things related to the EU and its activities have recently changed in some way: Your trust in the EU and its activities ...... 56 Epidemics, environmental pollution and natural disasters are greater security threats to Finland than acts of military aggression ...... 25 EU membership has caused excessive problems for Finnish agriculture ...... 21 EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we do not wantorneed ...... 11 Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us . . . . .30 Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards their big neighbour ...... 16 Finland could learn much from the dynamic economy of Estonia ...... 35 Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU ...... 13 Finland has no real military threats ...... 29 Finland has nowadays relatively few common interests with the other Nordic countries . . . . 28 Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change . . .32 Finland should follow Sweden’s example and already begin to abolish compulsory military service ...... 10 Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly 18 Finland should join NATO ...... 16 Finland should leave the EU altogether ...... 10 Finland should look out for its own national interests in the EU much more attentively . . . . .31 Finland should not participate in international debates which could jeopardise our good rela- tionship with Russia ...... 33 Finland should participate in international debate more bravely ...... 9 Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it ...... 25 Finnish foreign policy is nowadays weak and empty ...... 26 FSDcaseid ...... 6 FSD edition number ...... 5 FSD study number ...... 5 Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries ...... 22
90 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Activities and acquisi- tions of Russian companies in Finland ...... 59 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Environmental issues related to Russian gas and oil export ...... 56 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Fluidity of the truck and other freight traffic between Finland and Russia ...... 57 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Increased Russian mil- itary activity in areas close to Finland ...... 60 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Promoting the mobility of workers from Russia to Finland ...... 58 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia ...... 61 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Russian wood tariffs and other obstacles to trade ...... 57 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing electricity supply from Russia to Finland ...... 60 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: Securing Finnish com- panies’ scope for action in Russia ...... 58 How important do you consider discussing/solving the following issues: St. Petersburg area’s environmental load to the Baltic Sea ...... 59 How well informed do you feel you are of these issues? ...... 6 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Finnish foreign policy as a whole ...... 46 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Lipponen’s second government (the main parties being the Social Democratic Party and the National Coali- tion Party) ...... 49 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister for Foreign Affairs Ilkka Kanerva ...... 47 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Minister of Defence Jyri Häkämies ...... 48 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Officials of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs ...... 50 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: President Tarja Halonen ...... 46 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Previous Min- ister for Foreign Affairs Erkki Tuomioja ...... 50 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen ...... 47 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s current government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the National Coali-
91 3. Indexes tion Party) ...... 48 How would you grade the following bodies in terms of managing foreign policy: Vanhanen’s previous government as a whole (the main parties being the Centre Party and the Social Demo- cratic Party) ...... 49 I am satisfied with the actions of the current Government in EU issues ...... 23 I would support Finland’s membership in NATO if the Government and the President were in favourofit ...... 18 If I did not know Finland is an EU member state, I would not easily notice it in my everyday life ...... 14 If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? . . . .79 In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot helpus ...... 11 In foreign policy, environmental questions have already become even more important than se- curity policy ...... 24 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cherishing military non-alignment ...... 39 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Baltic States ...... 38 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Cooperation with the Nordic countries ...... 38 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Defending human rights all over the world ...... 43 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Increase in development cooperation funds ...... 42 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Mediating international crises ...... 43 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Nordic defence cooperation ...... 40 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Obtaining firm security guarantees ...... 39 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Participation in military crisis management ...... 44 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of fair globalisation ...... 41 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of free world trade ...... 41 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Promotion of NATO membership ...... 40 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with Russia ...... 37
92 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Relationship with the USA ...... 37 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Securing Finland’s national benefits ...... 42 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Solving environmental problems in the Baltic Sea ...... 45 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Tackling climate change ...... 45 In your opinion, how should the following issues be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Traditional peacekeeping and civilian crisis management ...... 44 In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Direct relationships with other countries, also outside organisations ...... 36 In your opinion, how should the following things be emphasised in Finnish foreign policy: Strengthening the roles of the UN and other organisations ...... 36 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Capability to counter the military threat Russia poses ...... 64 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Clarity of Finland’s international status ...... 62 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s external/military security ...... 62 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s international influence ...... 61 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s national sovereignty ...... 68 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s opportunities to mediate international crises ...... 67 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with Russia ...... 63 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s relationship with the USA ...... 63 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finland’s trade relations with other countries ...... 68 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ feeling of security ...... 69 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Finns’ will to defend their country and their patriotism ...... 69 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Need to retain compulsory military service ...... 67 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Our soldiers’ participation in dangerous crisis management operations ...... 65
93 3. Indexes
In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Receiving information on security threats ...... 66 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for a military strike ...... 64 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Risk of becoming a target for terrorism ...... 66 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Share of defence expenditure in the state budget ...... 65 In your opinion, what kind of impact would NATO membership have on the following things: Your personal feeling of security ...... 70 Increasing immigration is an issue concerning all EU member states and taking care of it re- quires a common EU policy ...... 8 International terrorism poses no threat to Finland if we do not get involved in the conflicts of theworld ...... 19 It is daydreaming to think that Finland could enter into a military alliance only when a real threat is already present ...... 28 It is Finland’s responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all over theworld ...... 17 It is not worthwhile for Finns to invest in Russia, because ownership is uncertain there . . . . 33 Of all nationalities, Swedes are the closest to us ...... 31 Questionnaire language ...... 79 Region of residence (NUTS3) ...... 77 Respondent’s age group ...... 75 Respondent’s basic education ...... 76 Respondent’s economic activity ...... 78 Respondent’s gender ...... 74 Respondent’s industry of employment ...... 77 Respondent’s trade union membership ...... 78 Respondent’s vocational education ...... 76 Russia has again become a self-conscious superpower to be reckoned with ...... 24 Russia is not a democracy according to Western standards ...... 30 Size of the respondent’s municipality of residence ...... 75 Sweden is no longer more than one EU state among others to Finland ...... 34 The actions and policies of the USA in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns ...... 12 The energy and environmental policy of the EU does not take into account the special circum- stances in Finland and will therefore become excessively expensive for our country ...... 20
94 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
The EU is too complicated and distant to be understood ...... 20 The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank 26 The EU membership fees are far too high compared to the benefits gained by the membership 7 The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy ...... 15 The EU should have a common defence ...... 14 The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have credibility in international poli- tics ...... 7 The Euro replaced the Finnish currency at the beginning of 2002. What is your attitude to this? 73 The Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international issues, forgetting domestic prob- lems ...... 22 The globalisation of international economy will increase global welfare ...... 21 The increasing Russian ownership in Finland is worrying ...... 35 The internationalisation of Finnish companies supports employment in Finland as well . . . . 27 The most important goal in Finnish foreign policy is to maintain good relationships with the USA and Russia ...... 23 The President’s role in foreign policy should be strengthened in order to secure the continuation of Finland’s line ...... 32 The Prime Minister should lead Finnish foreign policy instead of the President ...... 27 The Prime Minister should represent Finland in EU summits instead of the President, because it would enable parliamentarism to work better ...... 15 The Ukraine would become a suitable EU member state in the future ...... 30 There is enough reliable information available to everyone about matters related to Finland’s EU membership ...... 9 Turkey’s EU membership would be a good thing because it would help Islamic and Western cultures to understand each other ...... 12 What is your attitude towards the 2004 EU enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the Baltic States? ...... 74 What is your current attitude towards Finland’s EU membership? ...... 73
95
Appendix A
Questionnaire in Finnish
97 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa
FSD2356 EVAn EU-asennetutkimus 2007
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:
FSD2356 Finnish EU Attitudes 2007
If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
Suomi, EU ja maailma ? Tutkimus kansalaisten kokemuksista ja odotuksista 2007-2008
Pyydämme Teitä vastaamaan jokaiseen kysymykseen rengastamalla sen Esimerkki vastauksen vaihtoehdon numeron, joka vastaa Teidän henkilökohtaista mielipidettänne. merkitsemistavasta: 1 ...... 2 ...... 3
1. Kuinka kiinnostunut Te nykyisin olette/kuinka aktiivises- 2. Entä kuinka hyvin katsotte tuntevanne kyseisiä asi- ti seuraatte Suomen EU-jäsenyyteen liittyviä asioita? oita? Oletteko niistä mielestänne perillä... 1 Erittäin kiinnostunut, seuraan aktiivisesti 1 Erittäin hyvin 2 Melko kiinnostunut, seuraan jonkin verran 2 Melko hyvin 3 Vain vähän kiinnostunut, en juuri seuraa 3 Melko huonosti 4 En lainkaan kiinnostunut, en seuraa lainkaan 4 Erittäin huonosti 5 En osaa sanoa 5 En osaa sanoa
3. Mitä mieltä olette seuraavista maamme EU-jäsenyyttä ja muita kansainvälisiä kysymyksiä koskevista väitteistä? Täysin Jokseen- Vai- Jokseen- Täysin samaa kin samaa kea kin eri eri mieltä mieltä sanoa mieltä mieltä EU:lla tulisi olla yhteinen ulkopolitiikka, jotta se olisi uskottava toimija maailmanpolitiikassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU:n jäsenmaksut ovat aivan liian korkeat jäsenyydestä saataviin etuihin nähden 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Vaikka EU:lla onkin omat pulmansa, se on joka tapauksessa ainoa voima joka voi ohjata ja hallita Euroopan kehitystä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Lisääntyvä maahanmuutto on kaikkia EU-maita koskettava asia, jonka hoito edellyttää EU:lta yhteistä linjaa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen pitäisi ottaa rohkeammin kantaa kansainvälisiin asioihin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Maamme EU-jäsenyyteen liittyvistä asioista on jokaisen saatavilla riittä- västi luotettavaa tietoa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen pitäisi erota EU:sta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen pitäisi seurata Ruotsin mallia ja alkaa jo luopua yleisestä ase- velvollisuudesta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen on kaikissa oloissa kyettävä vastaamaan itse turvallisuudestaan, muista ei ole siinä apua 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU-jäsenyys pakottaa suomalaiset noudattamaan monia sellaisia normeja ja säädöksiä, joita emme halua emmekä tarvitse 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Yhdysvallat toimii maailmanpolitiikassa oikein ja ansaitsee myös suoma- laisten tuen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Turkin EU-jäsenyys olisi hyvä asia, sillä se auttaisi islamilaista ja länsi- maista kulttuuria ymmärtämään toisiaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomi on saanut hyvin äänensä kuuluviin EU:n päätöksenteossa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Olisi Suomenkin etu, jos EU:lla olisi vahva yhteinen ulkopolitiikka 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU:lla tulisi olla yhteinen puolustus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Jos en tietäisi maamme olevan EU:n jäsen, en helposti huomaisi sitä mistään asiasta omassa arkielämässäni 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU:lla tulee olla johtava rooli maailman ilmastopolitiikan hoidossa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Pääministerin eikä presidentin olisi edustettava maatamme EU:n huippukokouksissa, koska parlamentarismi toteutuu näin paremmin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Vaikka Venäjällä on omat ongelmansa, suomalaisilla ei ole nykyisin mitään syytä suhtautua suureen naapuriinsa kielteisesti 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen tulisi liittyä NATOon 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
Täysin Jokseen- Vai- Jokseen- Täysin (jatkuu...) samaa kin samaa kea kin eri eri mieltä mieltä sanoa mieltä mieltä Suomella on velvollisuus osallistua kansainvälisiin kriisinhallinta- tehtäviin eri puolilla maailmaa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen pitäisi pienenä maana harjoittaa paljon aktiivisempaa EU-poli- tiikkaa, jotta se todella voisi vaikuttaa unionin päätöksiin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen kannattaisi hoitaa Venäjä-suhteitaan enenevästi EU:n kautta eikä kahdenvälisesti 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kannattaisin Suomen NATO-jäsenyyttä, jos maamme ylin valtiojohto puoltaisi sitä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Pienenä maana Suomen ei pitäisi lähteä mukaan ratkomaan maailman kriisipesäkkeiden ongelmia 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kansainvälinen terrorismi ei uhkaa Suomea, jos pysyttelemme syrjässä maailman kiistoista 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU:n energia- ja ilmastopolitiikka ei tunnista Suomen erityisolosuhteita ja tulee siksi muodostumaan maallemme kohtuuttoman kalliiksi 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU on liian monimutkainen ja kaukainen, jotta sitä voisi ymmärtää 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kansainvälisen talouden ns. globalisaatiokehitys johtaa hyvinvoinnin maailmanlaajuiseen lisääntymiseen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU-jäsenyys on aiheuttanut kohtuuttomia vaikeuksia Suomen maa- taloudelle 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen päättäjät keskittyvät liiaksi kansainvälisiin kysymyksiin unohtaen kotimaan ongelmat 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Globaalistuminen merkitsee sitä, että ns. halpatyövoiman maat vievät Suomesta enenevästi työpaikkoja 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kaikkein tärkeintä Suomen ulkopolitiikassa on säilyttää hyvät suhteet Yhdysvaltoihin ja Venäjään 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Olen tyytyväinen maamme nykyisen hallituksen toimintaan EU-asioissa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Venäjästä on tullut jälleen itsetietoinen ja varteenotettava suurvalta maailmanpolitiikassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ilmastokysymykset ovat ulkopolitiikassa jo turvallisuuspolitiikkaakin tärkeämpiä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen tulee pysyttäytyä NATOn ulkopuolella siinäkin tapauksessa, että Ruotsi liittyisi puolustusliittoon 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Epidemiat, ympäristön saastuminen ja luonnonmullistukset ovat maal- lemme sotilaallisen voimankäytön uhkaa suurempia turvallisuusuhkia 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EUn jäsenvaltioiden tulisi voida vaikuttaa Euroopan keskuspankin poli- tiikkaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen ulkopolitiikka on nykyisin vaisua ja mitäänsanomatonta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomalaisyritysten kansainvälistyminen tukee työllisyyttä myös kotimaassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Pääministerin tulisi johtaa Suomen ulkopolitiikkaa presidentin sijaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 On haihattelua ajatella, että Suomi voisi liittoutua sotilaallisesti vasta silloin kun todellinen uhka on jo läsnä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomella on nykyään oikeastaan varsin vähän yhteisiä intressejä muiden Pohjoismaiden kanssa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomella ei ole todellisia sotilaallisia uhkakuvia 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Epävakaan Venäjän naapurina Suomen olisi turvallisempaa olla NATOn jäsen kuin sotilaallisesti liittoutumaton 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ukraina sopisi tulevaisuudessa hyvin EU:n jäseneksi 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Venäjä ei ole länsimaisen mittapuun mukaan demokraattinen maa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
Täysin Jokseen- Vai- Jokseen- Täysin (jatkuu...) samaa kin samaa kea kin eri eri mieltä mieltä sanoa mieltä mieltä Pohjoismainen yhteistyö on EU-jäsenyydestä huolimatta meille edelleen hyvin tärkeää 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen pitäisi ajaa omia kansallisia etujaan EU:ssa paljon nykyistä tiukemmin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kaikista kansoista ruotsalaiset ovat meille kaikkein läheisimpiä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomella on moraalinen velvollisuus toimia ilmastonmuutoksen torjunnan eturintamassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Presidentin ulkopoliittista valtaa pitäisi vahvistaa, jotta Suomen linjan jatkuvuus voitaisiin turvata 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomen ei pitäisi ottaa kantaa sellaisiin kansainvälisiin kysymyksiin, jotka asettaisivat hyvät Venäjä-suhteemme vaakalaudalle 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomalaisten ei kannata investoida Venäjälle, sillä omistusoikeus siellä on epävarma 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ruotsi ei enää ole Suomelle kuin yksi EU-maa muiden joukossa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kiina on nousemassa Yhdysvaltain veroiseksi suurvallaksi talouden ohella myös maailmanpolitiikassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Venäläisten kasvava omistus Suomessa on huolestuttavaa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Suomella voisi olla paljon opittavaa Viron dynaamisesta taloudesta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
4. Miten seuraavien asioiden Teidän mielestänne tulisi painottua Suomen ulkopolitiikassa?
Nykyistä Kuten Nykyistä En osaa enemmän nykyisin vähemmän sanoa YK:n ja muiden järjestöjen roolin vahvistaminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suora toiminta toisten valtioiden kanssa järjestöjen ulkopuolellakin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suhteet Venäjään 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suhteet Yhdysvaltoihin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Yhteistyö Baltian maiden kanssa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Yhteistyö Pohjoismaiden kanssa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Pitävien turvatakuiden hankkiminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Sotilaallisen liittoutumattomuuden vaaliminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E NATO-jäsenyyden edistäminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Pohjoismainen puolustusyhteistyö 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Vapaan maailmankaupan edistäminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Oikeudenmukaisen globalisaation edistäminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Kehitysyhteistyön määrärahojen lisääminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen kansallisten etujen turvaaminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Ihmisoikeuksien puolustaminen kaikkialla maailmassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Kansainvälisten kriisien sovittelu 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Osallistuminen sotilaalliseen kriisinhallintaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Perinteinen rauhanturvaaminen ja siviilikriisinhallinta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Ilmastonmuutoksen torjuminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Itämeren ympäristöongelmien ratkaiseminen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
5. Perustuslakimme mukaan Suomen ulkopolitiikkaa johtaa tasavallan presidentti yhteistoiminnassa valtioneuvos- ton (hallituksen) kanssa. Silti myös muilla toimijoilla on oma roolinsa asiassa. Millaisen arvosanan ulkopolitiikan hoidosta antaisitte seuraaville? Arvosana ulkopolitiikan hoidosta: Erittäin Melko Melko Erittäin En osaa hyvä hyvä huono huono sanoa Maamme ulkopolitiikka kokonaisuutena 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Presidentti Tarja Halonen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Pääministeri Matti Vanhanen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Ulkoministeri Ilkka Kanerva 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Puolustusministeri Jyri Häkämies 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Nykyinen Vanhasen (porvari)hallitus kokonaisuutena 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Edellinen Vanhasen ns. punamultahallitus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Sitä edeltävä Lipposen (toinen) ns. sinipunahallitus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Edellisten hallitusten ulkoministeri Erkki Tuomioja 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E Ulkoministeriön virkamiehistö 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 E
6. EU:n viime vuosien kehityksestä on esitetty erilaisia, osin ristiriitaisiakin arvioita. Onko unioni ja sen toiminta Teidän nähdäksenne muuttunut jollakin tavoin viime aikoina? Vahvis- Ennal- Heiken- En osaa tunut laan tynyt sanoa Unionin päätöksenteon toimivuus (päätöksentekokyky) 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Jäsenmaiden kansallinen itsekkyys, 'kotiinpäinveto'/jarrutus päätöksissä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E EU:n vahvuus taloudellisena toimijana maailmassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E EU:n vahvuus poliittisena toimijana maailmassa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E EU:n ja Venäjän suhteet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Unionin avoimuus/toiminnan läpinäkyvyys 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suurten jäsenmaiden vaikutusvalta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen vaikutusvalta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen harjoittaman EU-politiikan onnistuneisuus yleisesti ottaen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomalaisten luottamus EU:hun ja sen toimintaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Oma luottamuksenne EU:hun ja sen toimintaan 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
7. Poliittisten päättäjiemme asialistalla on useita Suomen ja Venäjän välisiin suhteisiin liittyviä kysymyksiä. Kuinka tärkeänä pidätte seuraavien asioiden käsittelemistä/ratkaisemista?
Erittäin Melko Vähem- En osaa tärkeä tärkeä män tärkeä sanoa Venäjän kaasun ja öljyn vientiin liittyvät ympäristökysymykset 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Venäjän puutullit ja muut kaupan esteet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen ja Venäjän välisen rekka- ja muun tavaraliikenteen sujuvuus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Työvoiman liikkuvuuden edistäminen Venäjältä Suomeen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomalaisten yritysten toimintamahdollisuuksien turvaaminen Venäjällä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Venäläisten yritysten toiminta ja yritysostot Suomessa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Pietarin alueen Itämerelle aiheuttama ympäristökuormitus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Venäjän lisääntynyt sotilaallinen aktiviteetti lähialueilla 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Venäläisen energian toimitusvarmuus Suomeen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Baltian maiden ja Venäjän väliset suhteet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
8. Keskustelussa Suomen mahdollisesta NATO-jäsenyydestä on tuotu esiin erilaisia hyöty- ja haittanäkökohtia. Millainen vaikutus NATO-jäsenyydellä Teidän nähdäksenne olisi seuraaviin asioihin maassamme?
Li- Ei muut- Vähen- En osaa säisi taisi täisi sanoa Suomen kansainvälinen vaikutusvalta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen ulkoinen/sotilaallinen turvallisuus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen kansainvälisen aseman selkeys 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen suhteet Venäjään 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen suhteet Yhdysvaltoihin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Kyky torjua Venäjän sotilaallisen voimankäytön uhka 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Uhka, että Suomi joutuisi sotilaallisen voimankäytön kohteeksi 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Sotilaidemme osallistuminen vaarallisiin kriisinhallintatehtäviin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Puolustusmenojen osuus valtion budjetissa 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomen tiedonsaanti turvallisuusuhista 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Uhka, että Suomi joutuisi terrori-iskujen kohteeksi 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Maamme mahdollisuudet toimia kansainvälisten kriisien välittäjätehtävissä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Tarve säilyttää yleinen asevelvollisuus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Kansallinen itsemääräämisoikeus 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Maamme kauppasuhteet muihin maihin 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomalaisten maanpuolustustahto (ja isänmaallisuus) 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Suomalaisten turvallisuudentunne 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Henkilökohtainen turvallisuudentunteenne 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
9. Talouden globalisaation vaikutuksista suomalaisten työllisyyteen on esitetty erilaisia näkemyksiä. Miten seu- raavat lausumat sopivat Teihin henkilökohtaisesti? Pitää Ei pidä En ole/ole En paik- paik- ollut työ- osaa kansa kaansa elämässä sanoa Olen joskus hoitanut työtehtävää, joka sittemmin siirrettiin ulkomaille 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E On uhka, että työpaikkani siirtyy lähiaikoina Suomesta ulkomaille 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Työtehtäväni ovat sellaisia, että niitä on vaikea siirtää Suomesta minnekään 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Olen työtehtävieni puitteissa toistuvasti yhteydessä ulkomaille 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Uskon, että saisin osaamistani paremmin vastaavaa palkkaa ulkomailla 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Globalisaatio on vahvistanut oman alani työllisyyttä/työpaikkani säilymistä 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
10. Miten Te suhtaudutte nykyi- 11. Entä siihen, että markka kor- 12. Siihen, että EU laajentui kevääl- sin maamme EU-jäsenyy- vattiin eurolla vuoden 2002 lä 2004 uusiin jäsenmaihin Itä- teen? alussa? ja Keski-Eurooppaan ja Baltiaan? 1 Erittäin myönteisesti 1 Erittäin myönteisesti 1 Erittäin myönteisesti 2 Melko myönteisesti 2 Melko myönteisesti 2 Melko myönteisesti 3 Neutraalisti 3 Neutraalisti 3 Neutraalisti 4 Melko kielteisesti 4 Melko kielteisesti 4 Melko kielteisesti 5 Erittäin kielteisesti 5 Erittäin kielteisesti 5 Erittäin kielteisesti 6 En osaa sanoa 6 En osaa sanoa 6 En osaa sanoa
TAUSTATIEDOT AINEISTON TILASTOLLISTA RYHMITTELYÄ VARTEN
Sukupuoli Maakunta, jonka alueella Ammattiryhmä, johon katsotte lähinnä 1 Mies asutte kuuluvanne
2 Nainen 1 Uusimaa 1 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palv. 2 Itä-Uusimaa 2 Ylempi toimihenkilö Ikäryhmä 3 Varsinais-Suomi 3 Alempi toimihenkilö 4 Satakunta 4 Työntekijä 1 18 - 25 vuotta 5 Häme 5 Yrittäjä tai yksityinen ammatinharj. 2 26 - 35 vuotta 6 Pirkanmaa 6 Maatalousyrittäjä 3 36 - 45 vuotta 7 Päijät-Häme 7 Opiskelija 4 46 - 55 vuotta 8 Kymenlaakso 8 Eläkeläinen 5 56 - 65 vuotta 9 Etelä-Karjala 9 Kotiäiti/koti-isä 6 Yli 65 vuotta 10 Etelä-Savo 10 Työtön 11 Pohjois-Savo 11 Muu Asuinkunnan koko 12 Pohjois-Karjala 13 Keski-Suomi 1 Alle 4 000 asukasta Kuulutteko johonkin ammatilliseen kes- 14 Etelä-Pohjanmaa 2 4 000 - 8 000 asukasta kusjärjestöön? 15 Pohjanmaa (Vaasan r.) 3 8 000 - 30 000 asukasta 1 En kuulu 16 Keski-Pohjanmaa a) SAK 4 30 000 - 80 000 asukasta 17 Pohjois-Pohjanmaa 2 Kyllä, keskus- 5 Yli 80 000 asukasta järjestöni on: b) STTK 18 Kainuu c) AKAVA 19 Lappi d) MTK Millainen peruskoulutus Teillä on? 1 Kansakoulu 2 Keski- tai peruskoulu 3 Ylioppilastutkinto Jos eduskuntavaalit pidettäisiin nyt, minkä Millainen ammatillinen koulutus Teillä on? puolueen ehdokasta äänestäisitte? 1 Ei ammatillista koulutusta 1 KESK 2 Ammattikurssi, muu lyhyt ammattikoulutus 2 KOK 3 Ammattikoulu, kouluasteen ammatillinen tutkinto 3 SDP 4 Opistotasoinen ammattikoulutus 4 Vasemmistoliitto 5 Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto 5 Vihreät 6 Yliopisto- tai korkeakoulututkinto 6 RKP 7 Kristillisdemokraatit Toimiala, jolla työskentelette 8 Perussuomalaiset 9 Jokin muu puolue tai ryhmittymä 1 Maa- ja metsätalous 10 En äänestäisi lainkaan 2 Teollisuus ja rakennustoiminta 11 En osaa sanoa 3 Yksityiset palvelut 12 En halua sanoa 4 Julkiset palvelut 5 En ole mukana työelämässä
KOMMENTTEJA? Kaikki mielipiteet tiedustelluista asioista tai tästä tutkimuksesta ovat tervetulleita ja arvokkaita.
KIITOKSET VAIVANNÄÖSTÄ! Palauttakaa tämä lomake oheisessa kirjekuoressa. Appendix B
Questionnaire in Swedish
105 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa
FSD2356 EVAn EU-asennetutkimus 2007
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:
FSD2356 Finnish EU Attitudes 2007
If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
Undersökning av medborgarnas erfarenheter Finland, EU och världen ? och förväntningar 2007-2008
Vi ber er besvara alla frågor genom att ringa in det alternativ som Så här markerar motsvarar er personliga åsikt. ni era svar: 1 ...... 2 ...... 3
1. Hur intresserad är ni idag/hur aktivt följer ni de frå- 2. Hur insatt anser ni er vara i dessa frågor? Anser gor som rör Finlands EU-medlemskap? ni er känna dem... 1 Mycket intresserad, följer aktivt 1 Mycket väl 2 Ganska intresserad, följer i någon mån 2 Ganska väl 3 Bara litet intresserad, följer inte nämnvärt 3 Ganska dåligt 4 Inte alls intresserad, följer inte 4 Synnerligen dåligt 5 Kan inte säga 5 Kan inte säga
3. Vad anser ni om följande påståenden om Finlands medlemskap i EU och andra internationella frågor? Helt av Nästan Svårt Nästan Helt av samma av samma att av annan annan åsikt åsikt säga åsikt åsikt EU borde ha en gemensam utrikespolitik för att vara en trovärdig aktör i världspolitiken 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Medlemsavgifterna till EU är alldeles för höga i förhållande till de för- delar som medlemskapet ger 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Även om EU har sina egna problem är det trots allt den enda kraft som kan styra och kontrollera Europas utveckling 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Den ökande invandringen berör alla EU-länder och förutsätter därför en gemensam linje på EU-nivå 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde ta djärvare ställning i internationella frågor 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Alla har tillgång till tillräckligt med tillförlitlig information om de frågor som rör Finlands EU-medlemskap 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde utträda ur EU 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde följa Sveriges exempel och småningom avveckla den allmänna värnplikten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland måste under alla förhållanden själv kunna ansvara för sin säkerhet, där är andras hjälp inte att vänta 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU-medlemskapet tvingar finländarna att följa många sådana normer och rättsakter som vi varken önskar oss eller behöver 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Förenta staterna agerar rätt i världspolitiken och förtjänar även finländarnas stöd 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Turkiets EU-medlemskap är en god sak, det skulle bidra till ömsesidig förståelse mellan islamsk och västerländsk kultur 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland har fått sin röst väl hörd i EUs beslutsfattande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det vore också Finlands fördel om EU hade en stark gemensam utrikespolitik 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU borde ha ett gemensamt försvar 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Om jag inte visste att Finland är EU-medlem skulle jag inte heller märka av det i mitt eget vardagsliv 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU bör ha en ledande roll i skötseln av den globala klimatpolitiken 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Statsministern, inte presidenten, bör representera vårt land i EU:s topp- möten, eftersom parlamentarismen då förverkligas bättre 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Även om Ryssland har sina egna problem har finländarna idag ingen orsak att förhålla sig negativt till sin stora granne 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde gå med i NATO 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
Helt av Nästan Svårt Nästan Helt av (fortsätter) samma av samma att av annan annan åsikt åsikt säga åsikt åsikt Finland har skyldighet att delta i internationella krishanterings- uppdrag runtom i världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde som ett litet land driva en mycket aktivare EU-politik för att verkligen kunna påverka unionens beslut 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det skulle löna sig för Finland att sköta sina relationer till Ryssland i ökande utsträckning via EU i stället för bilateralt 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Jag skulle stödja Finlands medlemskap i NATO om den högsta stads- ledningen förordade det 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ett litet land som Finland borde inte engagera sig i att lösa problem i världens krishärdar 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Den internationella terrorismen hotar inte Finland om vi inte blandar oss i tvistefrågorna i världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU:s energi- och klimatpolitik beaktar inte Finlands särförhållanden och kommer därför att bli orimligt dyr för vårt land 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU är alltför invecklat och avlägset för att vara begripligt 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Den s.k. globaliseringsutvecklingen i den internationella ekonomin medför ökad välfärd i hela världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EU-medlemskapet har medfört orimliga svårigheter för jordbruket i Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 De finska beslutsfattarna koncentrerar sig för mycket på internationella frågor och glömmer problemen här hemma 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Globaliseringen innebär att länder med billig arbetskraft fråntar Finland allt fler arbetsplatser 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det allra viktigaste för Finlands utrikespolitik är att bibehålla goda relationer till USA och Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Jag är nöjd med hur vårt lands nuvarande regering har agerat i EU-frågor 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ryssland har igen blivit en självmedveten och beaktansvärd stormakt i världspolitiken 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Klimatfrågorna är redan viktigare än de säkerhetspolitiska frågorna i utrikespolitiken 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland bör hålla sig utanför NATO även i fall Sverige skulle ansluta sig till försvarsalliansen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Epidemier, miljöföroreningar och naturkatastrofer är större hot mot vårt land än hotet av militära angrepp 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 EUs medlemsländer borde kunna påverka Europeiska centralbankens politik 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finlands utrikespolitik är nuförtiden lam och intetsägande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Att de finska företagen internationaliseras stöder sysselsättningen också i Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Statsministern borde leda Finlands utrikespolitik i stället för presidenten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det är naivt att tro att Finland skulle kunna alliera sig militärt först då, när ett verkligt hot redan föreligger 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland har nuförtiden egentligen ganska få gemensamma intressen med de övriga nordiska länderna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det finns inga verkliga militära hotbilder mot Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Som granne till det instabila Ryssland vore det tryggare för Finland att vara NATO-medlem än att stå utanför militärallianserna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ukraina skulle passa bra som medlem i EU i framtiden 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ryssland är inte ett demokratiskt land enligt västerländsk måttstock 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
Helt av Nästan Svårt Nästan Helt av (fortsätter) samma av samma att av annan annan åsikt åsikt säga åsikt åsikt Oberoende av EU-medlemskapet är det nordiska samarbetet mycket viktigt för oss 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde driva sina egna nationella intressen i EU mycket kraftfullare än idag 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Av alla folk är svenskarna de som står oss närmast 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland har en moralisk förpliktelse att gå i bräschen för arbetet för att motverka klimatförändringen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Presidentens utrikespolitiska makt borde stärkas för att den finländska linjens kontinuitet skall kunna säkras 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland borde inte ta ställning till sådana internationella frågor som kunde ifrågasätta våra goda relationer med Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Det är inte lönsamt för finländarna att investera i Ryssland då äganderätten där är osäker 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Sverige är inte längre annat för Finland än ett EU-land bland andra 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Kina håller på att bli en stormakt som USA, inte bara i ekonomiskt hänseende utan också i världspolitiken 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Ryssarnas ökande ägande i Finland är oroväckande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5 Finland kunde ha mycket att lära av Estlands dynamiska ekonomi 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 5
4. Hur borde följande betonas i Finlands utrikespolitik? Mer Som Mindre Kan inte än nu nu än nu säga Stärkandet av den roll som FN:s och andra organisationer har 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Direkt samarbete med andra stater även utanför organisationerna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Relationerna till Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Relationerna till USA 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Samarbete med de baltiska länderna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Samarbete med de nordiska länderna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Anskaffandet av hållbara säkerhetsgarantier 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Värnandet av den militära alliansfriheten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Främjandet av ett NATO-medlemskap 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Det nordiska försvarssamarbetet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Främjandet av en fri världshandel 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Främjandet av en rättvis globalisering 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Ökning av anslag för u-hjälp 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Säkrandet av de finländska nationella intressena 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Försvarandet av de mänskliga rättigheterna överallt i världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Medlandet i internationella kriser 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Deltagandet i militär krishantering 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Traditionellt fredsbevarande och civil krishantering 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Avvärjandet av klimatförändringen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Lösandet av Östersjöns miljöproblem 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
5. Enligt vår grundlag leds Finlands utrikespolitik av republikens president i samråd med statsrådet (regeringen). Dock har också andra aktörer en roll. Vilket vitsord skulle ni ge åt följande i skötseln av utrikespolitiken?
Vitsord i skötseln av utrikespolitiken: Mycket Ganska Ganska Mycket Kan bra bra illa illa inte säga Vårt lands utrikespolitik som helhet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 President Tarja Halonen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Statsminister Matti Vanhanen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Utrikesminister Ilkka Kanerva 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Försvarsminister Jyri Häkämies 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Vanhanens nuvarande (borgerliga) regering som helhet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Vanhanens tidigare sk. rödmylleregering 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Lipponens före detta (andra) sk. blåröda regering 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Utrikesminister i tidigare regeringar Erkki Tuomioja 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5 Utrikesministeriets tjänstemannakår 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 4 5
6. Om EU:s utveckling har under de senaste åren framförts olika och delvis motstridiga åsikter. Har unionen och dess verksamhet enligt er åsikt förändrats på något sätt på sistone? Har blivit Har inte Har blivit Kan starkare ändrats svagare inte säga Effektiviteten av unionens beslutsfattande (förmåga att fatta beslut) 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Medlemsländernas nationella egoism, "hemåtdragande"/bromsande i beslutsfattande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E EU:s styrka som ekonomisk aktör i världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E EU:s styrka som politisk aktör i världen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Relationerna mellan EU och Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Unionens öppenhet/verksamhetens transparens 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E De stora medlemsländernas inflytande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finlands inflytande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Den finska EU-politikens framgång överhuvudtaget 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finländarnas förtroende för EU och dess verksamhet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Ert eget förtroende för EU och dess verksamhet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
7. På våra politiska beslutsfattares agenda finns flera frågor som berör relationerna mellan Finland och Ryssland. Hur viktigt anser ni det vara att följande ärenden behandlas/löses? Mycket Ganska Inte så Kan viktigt viktigt viktigt inte säga Miljöfrågorna förknippade med rysk export av gas och olja 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E De ryska virkestullarna och övriga handelshinder 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Smidigheten i lastbils- och övrig godstrafik mellan Finland och Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Främjandet av arbetskraftens rörlighet från Ryssland till Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Tryggandet av finska företags verksamhetsmöjligheter i Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Rysk företagsverksamhet och ryska företagsuppköp i Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Miljöbelastningen i Östersjön förorsakad av St. Petersburgsregionen 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Rysslands tilltagande militära aktivitet i närområdena 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Den ryska energins leveranssäkerhet till Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Relationerna mellan de Baltiska staterna och Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
8. I diskussionen om Finlands eventuella NATO-medlemskap har olika åsikter framförts angående för- och nack- delar av ett medlemskap. Vilken inverkan skulle ett möjligt NATO-medlemskap enligt er åsikt ha på följande i vårt land? Påverkar Kan inte Ökar inte Minskar säga Finlands internationella inflytande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finlands externa/militära säkerhet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Klarhet vad beträffar Finlands internationella ställning 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finlands relationer till Ryssland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finlands relationer till Förenta Staterna 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Förmågan att avvärja ryskt militärt hot 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Hotet, att Finland skulle bli föremål för militärt angrepp 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Våra soldaters deltagande i farliga krishanteringsuppdrag 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Försvarsutgifternas andel av statsbudgeten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finlands tillgång till information om säkerhetshot 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Hotet, att Finland skulle bli föremål för terrordåd 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Vårt lands möjligheter att fungera som medlare i internationella kriser 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Behovet att bibehålla den allmänna värnplikten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Den nationella självbestämmanderätten 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Vårt lands handelsrelationer till andra länder 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finländarnas försvarsvilja (och fosterländskhet) 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Finländarnas trygghetskänsla 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Er personliga trygghetskänsla 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E
9. Globaliseringens inverkan på finländarnas sysselsättning har beskrivits på olika sätt. Hur träffande är följande beskrivningar i ert fall? Jag är inte/ har inte Kan Stäm- Stämmer varit med i inte mer inte arbetslivet säga Jag har någon gång skött en arbetsuppgift som sedermera flyttades utomlands 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Det finns ett hot att min arbetsplats utlokaliseras från Finland i en nära framtid 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Mina arbetsuppgifter är sådana att det är svårt att utlokalisera dem från Finland 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Inom ramen för mina arbetsuppgifter är jag ofta i kontakt med utlandet 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Jag tror att jag utomlands skulle få en lön som bättre motsvarar mitt kunnande 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E Globaliseringen har förbättrat sysselsättningen inom min bransch/sannolik- 1 ...... 2 ...... 3 E heten att min arbetsplats bevaras
10. Hur förhåller ni er idag till 11. Hur förhåller ni er till att den 12. Hur förhåller ni er till att EU Finlands EU-medlemskap? finska marken byttes ut mot våren 2004 utvidgades till Öst- euro i början av 2002? och Centraleuropa och Baltikum? 1 Mycket positivt 1 Mycket positivt 1 Mycket positivt 2 Ganska positivt 2 Ganska positivt 2 Ganska positivt 3 Neutralt 3 Neutralt 3 Neutralt 4 Ganska negativt 4 Ganska negativt 4 Ganska negativt 5 Mycket negativt 5 Mycket negativt 5 Mycket negativt 6 Kan inte säga 6 Kan inte säga 6 Kan inte säga
BAKGRUNDSUPPGIFTER FÖR STATISTISK BEHANDLING AV MATERIALET
Kön I vilket landskap bor ni? Yrkesgrupp ni anser er närmast tillhöra 1 Man 1 Nyland 1 I ledande ställning i annans tjänst 2 Kvinna 2 Östra Nyland 2 Högre tjänsteman 3 Egentliga Finland 3 Lägre tjänsteman Ålder 4 Satakunta 4 Arbetare 1 18 - 25 år 5 Tavastland 5 Företagare eller privat yrkesutövare 2 26 - 35 år 6 Birkaland 6 Lantbruksföretagare 3 36 - 45 år 7 Päijännetavastland 7 Studerande 4 46 - 55 år 8 Kymmenedalen 8 Pensionär 5 56 - 65 år 9 Södra Karelen 9 Hemmamamma/hemmapappa 6 Över 65 år 10 Södra Savolax 10 Arbetslös 11 Norra Savolax 11 Annan Hemkommunens storlek 12 Norra Karelen 13 Mellersta Finland Hör ni till någon facklig centralorganisation? 1 Under 4 000 invånare 14 Södra Österbotten 2 4 000 - 8 000 invånare 15 Vasa kustregion 1 Nej 3 8 000 - 30 000 invånare 16 Mellersta Österbotten 2 Ja, min a) FFC 4 30 000 - 80 000 invånare 17 Norra Österbotten centralorga- 5 Över 80 000 invånare b) FTFC 18 Kajanaland nisation är c) AKAVA 19 Lappland d) SLC (MTK) Hurudan grundutbildning har ni? 1 Folkskola 2 Mellan- eller grundskola 3 Studentexamen Om det hölls riksdagsval nu, vilket partis kan- Hurudan yrkesutbildning har ni? didat skulle ni rösta på? 1 Ingen yrkesutbildning 1 Centern 2 Yrkeskurs, annan kort yrkesskolning 2 Samlingspartiet 3 Yrkesskola, handelsskola eller motsvarande 3 Socialdemokraterna 4 Institutexamen 4 Vänsterförbundet 5 Yrkeshögskoleexamen 5 De gröna 6 Universitets- eller högskoleexamen 6 Svenska folkpartiet 7 Kristdemokraterna Inom vilken sektor arbetar ni? 8 Sannfinländarna 9 Något annat 1 Jord- och skogsbruk 10 Jag skulle inte rösta alls 2 Industrin eller byggnadssektorn 11 Jag vet inte 3 Privata servicesektorn 12 Jag vill inte svara 4 Offentliga servicesektorn 5 Jag är inte verksam i arbetslivet
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