Suomen Ritarikunnat 100 Vuotta
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Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930S SAMI
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery 1 Christ vs. Communism: Communism as a Religious Social Problem in Finland’s Proto- Fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s SAMI KOSKELAINEN AND TITUS HJELM1 Abstract This article traces the emergence of religious anti-communist discourse in Finland’s proto-fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s. Applying constructionist social problems theory, it discusses the constructions of communism as a religious social problem, Christian piety as a solution to the problem of godless communism, and the religious legitimation of violence. The article argues that by identifying Christianity with the Finnish nation the construction of communism as a religious problem—itself an outcome of the influence of revivalist Lutheran ministers in the leadership of the movement—resonated with the broader audience, but that this indigenous religious nationalism lost support with the increasing belligerence of the movement. At the end of the 1920s Finland was a divided country. The Civil War of 1918, fought between the socialist “Reds” and the bourgeois and agrarian “Whites” in the aftermath of independence from (now Bolshevik) Russia, was a cultural trauma on par with the Spanish Civil War.1 The proportional death toll in the repression of the defeated Reds exceeded that of all other European civil conflicts in the inter-war era.2 Yet, despite the victory and the official banning of the Communist Party, some factions on the White side saw the re-emergence and 1 Sami Koskelainen has a Bachelor of Arts from University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies. -
A GUIDE to the ORDERS and DECORATIONS of FINLAND Li'ihi� QIR?[Q)��� 0� Li'ihi� Wihiiitr� �0�� 0� �Iinlan[Q) AN[Q) Li'ihi� Lllon � �Iinlan[Q)
�lUJOMrEN VAll:{Oll�rEN W?lUJlUJ�lUJ N nA �lUJOMrEN l�II nONAN IR?llifAIR?lll:{lUJNN ATr A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS AND DECORATIONS OF FINLAND li'IHI� QIR?[Q)��� 0� li'IHI� WIHIIITr� �0�� 0� �IINlAN[Q) AN[Q) li'IHI� lllON ö� �IINlAN[Q) A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS AND DECORATIONS OF FINLAND Helsinki 2017 Front cover: Grand Crosses of the Orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland Back cover: Adapted from E.F. Wrede, Finlands utmärkelsetecken (Helsingfors 1946) © Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat 2017 Layout: Edita Publishing Ltd Illustrations and design: Laura Noponen Photographs: The Orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland, unless otherwise indicated Translation: Foreign Languages Unit, Prime Minister’s Office ISBN 978-951-37-7191-1 Printed by Bookwell Ltd Porvoo 2017 Front cover: Grand Crosses of the Orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland Back cover: Adapted from E.F. Wrede, Finlands utmärkelsetecken (Helsingfors 1946) Sauli Niinistö, President of the Republic of Finland and Grand Master of the Orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland, and Mrs Jenni Haukio. Photograph: Office of the President of the Republic/Matti Porre PREFACE The statutes of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (FWR) were adopted on 16 May 1919. The decorations of the Order are conferred upon citizens who have distinguished themselves in the service of Finland. The Order of the Lion of Finland (FL) was founded by decree (747/1942) during the Second World War, and its dec orations are awarded in recognition of outstanding civilian or military conduct. -
Sea of Japan a Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security
The Long Littoral Project: Sea of Japan A Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security Michael A. McDevitt • Dmitry Gorenburg Cleared for Public Release IRP-2013-U-002322-Final February 2013 Strategic Studies is a division of CNA. This directorate conducts analyses of security policy, regional analyses, studies of political-military issues, and strategy and force assessments. CNA Strategic Studies is part of the global community of strategic studies institutes and in fact collaborates with many of them. On the ground experience is a hallmark of our regional work. Our specialists combine in-country experience, language skills, and the use of local primary-source data to produce empirically based work. All of our analysts have advanced degrees, and virtually all have lived and worked abroad. Similarly, our strategists and military/naval operations experts have either active duty experience or have served as field analysts with operating Navy and Marine Corps commands. They are skilled at anticipating the “problem after next” as well as determining measures of effectiveness to assess ongoing initiatives. A particular strength is bringing empirical methods to the evaluation of peace-time engagement and shaping activities. The Strategic Studies Division’s charter is global. In particular, our analysts have proven expertise in the following areas: The full range of Asian security issues The full range of Middle East related security issues, especially Iran and the Arabian Gulf Maritime strategy Insurgency and stabilization Future national security environment and forces European security issues, especially the Mediterranean littoral West Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea Latin America The world’s most important navies Deterrence, arms control, missile defense and WMD proliferation The Strategic Studies Division is led by Dr. -
JU Suomi Ja Puola Opt.Pdf (11.47Mt)
Tämän teoksen sähköisen version on julkaissut Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura (SKS) Creative Commons -lisenssillä: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International. Lisenssiin voi tutustua englanniksi osoitteessa: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/legalcode Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura on saanut sähköisen julkaisuluvan teoksen oikeudenhaltijoilta. Mikäli olette oikeudenhaltija, jota SKS ei ole tavoittanut, pyydämme teitä ystävällisesti ottamaan yhteyttä SKS:aan. Suomen Historiallinen Seura Raimo Pullat Suomi ja Puola Suhteita yli Itämeren 1917-1941 Helsinki 1997 IIII IIIIIIIIII III 10111101111 I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 103 025 8262 Käännös: Miikka Kallio Kansi: Rauno Endén ISBN 951-710-057-4 Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki 1997 Omistan tämän teoksen vaimoni isälle, joka oli puolalainen vapaustaistelija ja sedälleni sekä kahdelle enolleni, jotka kaikki saivat dramaattisesti surmansa toisen maailmansodan aikana. Puolan suurlähettilään tervehdys teoksen lukijoille Lähes 80 vuotta sitten, kun Puola ilmestyi uudelleen Euroopan kartalle riippumattomana valtiona ja Suomi itsenäistyi, johti eräänlainen etujen yhteisyyden tunne kansamme harkitsemaan sopimusta, jota on kirjal- lisuudessa usein nimitetty "Itämeren ententeksi". Liittoa ei koskaan syntynyt. Jos niin olisi käynyt, ehkäpä alueen historiakin olisi kulkenut toisia raiteita. Tarkoitukseni ei ole kuitenkaan uppoutua historiallisiin kuvitelmiin. Käsillä olevan tutkielman tekijä on pyytänyt minulta al- kusanoja teokseensa, ja sen johdosta haluan todeta, että suomalaiset ovat varmasti saaneet luettavakseen -
Hungarologische Beiträge 18, 2006
HUNGAROLOGISCHE BEITRÄGE 18 BRIDGE BUILDING AND POLITICAL CULTURES Political Cultures in Urho Kekkonen’s Finland and János Kádár’s Hungary Heino NYYSSÖNEN 1 Introduction Comparing Finland and Hungary is a fruitful task despite the ap- parent historical differences: after the Second World War the for- mer remained a democracy whilst the latter became a dictatorship. Also their relation to their greatest and most powerful neighbour, Soviet Union, seems to be different. Hungary belonged to the same military pact as the Soviet Union, but Finland’s foreign pol- icy was based on the idea of neutrality. However, the difference between the most eastern country of the West and the most west- ern country of the East is not that evident. According to an old standpoint Finns and Hungarians are re- latives and with special relationship. We can, however, doubt that the structural similarities in language and common roots 6,000 years ago hardly make sense, when we study recent po- litical culture. Rather than ‘kinship’ the concept of national in- terest gained a more important role in mutual co-operation af- ter 1945. Nevertheless, maintaining the old idea of a relation- ship, defined as ‘scientific truth’, made communication easier between these two nations. Already in the end of the 1960s Hungary had most connections with Finland among capitalist countries. In Europe Finland became a forerunner also in the 1970s, when visa between the two countries was abolished. The purpose of this article is to compare political cultures in Finland and Hungary during the Urho Kekkonen and János Kádár era. The critical question is, what kind of results we can get, 13 HEINO NYYSSÖNEN when we compare these two countries to each other and not to their ‘traditional’ frames i.e. -
Det Självständiga Finland Den Ödesmättade Stämningen
Det Innehåll självständiga Förryskning och frihetslängtan 3 Finland Jägarna 5 Revolutionen och Hur Finland de röda gardena 7 uppnådde och Skyddskårerna och bristen på allmän ordning 9 bevarade sin Mordet på Alfred Kordelin 10 Finland blir självständigt 12 självständighet. Konfrontationen trappas upp 13 En finländsk Orsakerna till konflikten 14 Mot öppet krig 15 överlevnads- Krigets förlopp 18 Kampen om Tammerfors 19 historia De olika benämningarna på kriget 22 Krigets efterspel 24 Viktiga data i frihetskampen 26 Överbefälhavaren Utgivare Mannerheim 28 Frihetskrigets Monarki eller republik? 32 Traditionsförbund rf Ukko-Pekka Svinhufvud 33 Koulukatu 16 A Operationerna bortom 33200 Tammerfors östgränsen och i Estland 34 Freden i Dorpat 36 Original finsk text Kupp i norr – Mikko Uola ”fläskrevolutionen” 37 Skyddskårerna Översättning och försvarsandan 38 Lars Gustaf Forsman Lotta Svärd 39 Samhällsfreden i fara 40 Svensk redigering Lapporörelsen 41 Carl-Johan Hindsberg ”Ett andra frihetskrig” 43 Inför fortsättningskriget 45 Grafisk planering Från fortsättningskrig Tmi Graafisto till vsb-pakt 48 Inför nya hotbilder Bilder Litteraturkällor i urval 50 Krigsmuseet, Museiverkets bildarkiv, privata arkiv Tryckeri Priimus Paino Oy, Loimaa 2007 ISBN 978-951-97885-3-1 Förryskning och och åsidosatte därmed lan- finländare och till slut en- frihetslängtan dets egna lagstiftande or- bart ryssar utnämndes till gan. medlemmar i senaten som Under många hundra år hörde de Finländarna gjorde regeringen då kallades. År finska landskapen till Sverige som motstånd -
See Helsinki on Foot 7 Walking Routes Around Town
Get to know the city on foot! Clear maps with description of the attraction See Helsinki on foot 7 walking routes around town 1 See Helsinki on foot 7 walking routes around town 6 Throughout its 450-year history, Helsinki has that allow you to discover historical and contemporary Helsinki with plenty to see along the way: architecture 3 swung between the currents of Eastern and Western influences. The colourful layers of the old and new, museums and exhibitions, large depart- past and the impact of different periods can be ment stores and tiny specialist boutiques, monuments seen in the city’s architecture, culinary culture and sculptures, and much more. The routes pass through and event offerings. Today Helsinki is a modern leafy parks to vantage points for taking in the city’s European city of culture that is famous especial- street life or admiring the beautiful seascape. Helsinki’s ly for its design and high technology. Music and historical sights serve as reminders of events that have fashion have also put Finland’s capital city on the influenced the entire course of Finnish history. world map. Traffic in Helsinki is still relatively uncongested, allow- Helsinki has witnessed many changes since it was found- ing you to stroll peacefully even through the city cen- ed by Swedish King Gustavus Vasa at the mouth of the tre. Walk leisurely through the park around Töölönlahti Vantaa River in 1550. The centre of Helsinki was moved Bay, or travel back in time to the former working class to its current location by the sea around a hundred years district of Kallio. -
The Barnes Review About the Civil War Is Wrong, a JOURNAL of NATIONALIST THOUGHT & HISTORY Ask a Southerner! VOLUME XXII NUMBER 3 M AY/JUNE 2016 W WW.BARNESREVIEW.COM
N E W B O O K F R O M T H E B A R N E S R E V I E W B O O K C L U B . BRINGING HISTORY INTO ACCORD WITH THE FACTS IN THE TRADITION OF DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES Everything You Were Taught The Barnes Review About the Civil War is Wrong, A JOURNAL OF NATIONALIST THOUGHT & HISTORY Ask a Southerner! VOLUME XXII NUMBER 3 M AY/JUNE 2016 W WW.BARNESREVIEW.COM n Everything You Were Taught About the Civil War is Wrong, Ask a Southerner!, award-winning author and his- Did You Know That . torian Lochlainn Seabrook sets the record straight on these • American slavery got its start in the North and hundreds of other commonly misrepresented topics in • Abolition began in the South Ithis easy-to-read, well documented reference book. This • Robert E. Lee was an abolitionist international blockbuster is the book that every Civil War buff has • Only 4.8% of Southerners owned slaves been waiting for! Learn the truth about the war, secession, slavery, • 95.2% of Southerners did not own slaves abolition, the Confederacy, the Union, Jefferson Davis, Abraham • Abraham Lincoln was a White separatist Russia’s Lincoln, Reconstruction, and much more. This • Jefferson Davis adopted a Black boy • Jefferson Davis freed Southern isn’t just a hard-hitting exposé of Yankee myth. slaves before the North Every- thing You Were Taught About the • Lincoln was not against slavery Civil War is Wrong, Ask a Southerner! has the • Lincoln wanted to segregate Blacks power to heal hearts and change minds, for in • The U.S. -
Vihtori Kosolan Puheiden Muutokset 1929–1932
Aarni Virtanen ”Toimikaa. Älkää odottako.” Vihtori Kosolan puheiden muutokset 1929–1932 Suomen historian pro gradu -tutkielma Jyväskylän yliopisto Humanistinen tiedekunta Historian ja etnologian laitos Syksy 2010 1 Sisällysluettelo 1 JOHDANTO .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 TULKINNAT LAPUANLIIKKEESTÄ .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 TUTKIMUSKYSYMYS , LÄHTEET JA LÄHDEKRITIIKKI .............................................................................. 7 1.3 AATTEET , MYYTIT JA KONTEKSTIT ......................................................................................................13 2 KOSOLAN MAAILMANKUVA ............................................................................................................22 2.1 KOSOLA ENNEN LAPUANLIIKETTÄ .......................................................................................................22 2.2 KOSOLA JA LAPUANLIIKE .....................................................................................................................25 2.3 LAPUANLIIKKEEN TAUSTA JA PUNAISTEN PAITOJEN RIISUMINEN .........................................................31 3 RETORIIKKA ..........................................................................................................................................37 3.1 KOSOLAN RETORIIKAN VALTAKUNTA ..................................................................................................37 -
Newsletter Church Law Society Prague
NEWSLETTER CHURCH LAW SOCIETY PRAGUE – BRNO – OLOMOUC No. 11/2016 Volume 1 15th November 2016 Order of the White Lion Awarded to Cardinal Dominik Duka Mr. Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic, awarded the highest order of the Czech Republic, the Order of the White Lion of the First Class to Cardinal Dominik Duka OP, Archbishop of Prague and Primate of Bohemia, for “particularly outstanding meritorious services to the Czech Republic” during the festive ceremony in the Vladislav Hall of the Prague Castle, at the occasion of the Independent Czechoslovak State Day on 28 th October 2016. As President Zeman declared, all awarded persons are connected by a common motive related to roots of the society. Christianity and Christian values are the deepest and longest tradition which is typical of Europe as well as the Czech nation. According to President Zeman, he continues in tradition of his predecessors, who used to award Czech cardinals. “The Order of the White Lion is great honour not only for me, but for the whole church, as it found its place in free society after many years of totalitarianism,” Cardinal Dominik Duka commented the award on Twitter. Photo ČTK 1 XXVIII th Annual Congress of the European Consortium for Church and State Research 13 – 16 October 2016, J ūrmala (Latvia) Members and Correspondents of the Consortium in the Assembly Hall of the Parliament of Latvia in R īga Photo Ringolds Balodis Church Law Review Issued Four Times a Year We announce that the Church Law Review No. 65–3/2016, the last issue of this year, has already been printed. -
Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby
THE PRE- AND PROTO-HISTORIC FINNS BOTH EASTERN AND WESTERN WITH THE MAGIC SONGS OF THE WEST FINNS BY THE HONOURABLE JOHN ABERCROMBY IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. 1898 Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby. This edition was created and published by Global Grey ©GlobalGrey 2018 globalgreyebooks.com CONTENTS Preface The Value Of Additional Letters Of The Alphabet Full Titles Of Books Consulted And Referred To Illustrations Chapter 1. Geographical Position And Craniology Of The Finns Chapter 2. The Neolithic Age In Finland Chapter 3. Historical Notices Of Classical Authors Chapter 4. The Prehistoric Civilisation Of The Finns Chapter 5. The Third Or Iranian Period Chapter 6. Beliefs Of The West Finns As Exhibited In The Magic Songs 1 PREFACE In this country the term Finn is generally restricted to the natives of Finland, with perhaps those of Esthonia thrown in. But besides these Western Finns there are other small nationalities in Central and Northern Russia, such as the Erza and Mokša Mordvins, the Čeremis, Votiaks, Permians, and Zịrians, to whom the term is very properly applied, though with the qualifying adjective—Eastern. Except by Folklorists, little attention is paid in Great Britain to these peoples, and much that is written of them abroad finds no response here, the 'silver streak' acting, it would seem, as a non-conductor to such unsensational and feeble vibrations. Although the languages of the Eastern and Western Finns differ as much perhaps among themselves as the various members of the Aryan group, the craniological and physical differences between any two Finnish groups is very much less than between the Latin and the Teutonic groups, for instance.