sign in sign up
<<
Home , Development theory

Bibliography

Ake, C. (1974) 'Modernization and Political Instability', World Politics, Vol. 26, pp.557-91. Alavi, H. (1965) 'Peasants and Revolution', in R. Miliband and J . Saville (eds.), The Socialist Register 1965 (London: Merlin Press). - - (1979) 'T he State in Post-Colonial ', in H. Goulbourne (ed.}, pp.38-69. (1982) 'State and Class Under Periph eral Capitalism' in H. Alavi and T . Shanin (eds.), Introduction to the of'Developing Societies' (London: Macmillan). Almond , G. (1970) Political Development: Essays in Heuristic (Boston: Little , Brown). - - and Coleman,J. (eds) (1960) ThePoliticsofthe Developing Areas (Princeton University Press). - - and Powell, B. (1966) Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach (Boston: Little, Brown). Amnesty International (1973) Report on Torture (London: Duckworth). Anber, P. (1967) 'Modernisation and Political Disintegration: Nigeria and the Ibos' , Journal ofM odern African Studies, vol. 5, pp. 163-79. Anderson, P. (1979) Lineages ofthe Absolutist State (London: Verso). Apter, D. (1965) The Politics ofM odernisation (Chicago University Press). Arrighi , G. and Saul, J . S. (1968) 'Socialism and in Tropical Africa' , Journal ofModern African Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 141- 70. Bailey, F. G. (1963) PoliticsandSocial Change: Orissain 1959(Oxford Un iversity Press). -- (1971) 'The Peasant View of the Bad Life', in T . Shanin (ed.) pp.299-321. Baran, P. (1957) The Political Economy of Growth (New York: Monthly Review Press). Bendix, R. (1967) 'T radition and Modernity Reconsid ered', Studies In Comparative and History, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 292-346. Bernstein, H. (1979) 'Sociology of vs Sociology of development' in D. Lehmann (ed.) Development Theory. Four Critical Studies (London: Cass). Bienen, H. (1970) Tanzania: Parry Transformation and Economic Development (Princeton Un iversity Press). Black, C. E. (1966) The Dynamics ofModernization: A Studyin Comparative History (New York: Harper & Row ). Blair, H. W. (1972) 'Caste as a Differential Mobilizer in Bihar', Comparative Politics, vol. 5, no. I, pp. 107- 27. 202 Bibliography

Boissevain,]. (1977) 'When the Saints Go Marching Out: Reflections on the Decline of Patronage in Malta', in E. Gellner and]. Waterbury (eds), Patrons and Clients in Mediterranean Societies (London: Duckworth). Booth, D. (1975) ': An Introduction and Appreciation', in 1. Oxaal,T. Barnett and D. Booth (eds), Beyond the Sociology ofDevelopment (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul) . Bretton, H. L. (1958) 'Current Political Thought and Practice in Ghana', American Political Science Review, vo!' 52, March, pp.46-63. Cammack, P. (1982) 'Clientelism and Military Government in Brazil', in C. Clapham (ed.), Private Patronage andPublic Power (London: Frances Pinter) . Cardoso, F. H. (1973) 'Associated Dependent Development: Theoretical and Practical Implications', in A. Stepan (ed.), Authoritarian Braril (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press). -- and Faletto, E. (1979) Dependency and Development in (translated by M. M. Urquidi) (Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press). Clapham, C. (1982) 'Clientelism and the State' in C. Clapham (ed.), Private Patronage and Public Power (London: Frances Pinter). Cliffe, L. (1972) 'Democracy in a One-Party State: the Tanzanian Ex­ perience', in L. Cliffeand]. Saul (eds), Socialism in Tanzania, vo!' I (Nairobi: East African Publishing House) . -- (1982) 'Class Formation as an "Articulation" Process: East African Cases' in H. Alavi and T . Shanin (eds), Introduction to the Sociology of 'Developing Societies' (London: Macmillan). Cohen, R. (1982) 'Workers in Developing Societies', in H. Alavi and T. Shanin (eds.), Introduction to the Sociology of' Developing Societies' (London: Macmillan) . Cohen, R., Gutkind, P. C. W. and Brazier, P. (eds) (1979) Peasants and Proletarians: The Struggles of Workers (London: Hutchinson). Coleman, ] . S. (1958) Nigeria : Background to Nationalism (Berkeley, Ca: University of California). Collier, D. C. (1979) 'Overview of the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Model' in D. C. Collier (ed.), The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton University Press). Coquery-Vidrovitch, C. (1978) 'Research on an African Mode of Production', in David Seddon (ed.), Marxist Approaches toEconomic Anthropology (London: Cass). Crouch , H. (1979) 'Patrimonialism and Military Rule in Indonesia', World Politics, vo!.31,]uly, pp .571-87. Crumney, D. and Stewart, C. C. (eds) (1981) Modes ofProduction in Africa (London: Sage). Cutright, P. (1963) 'National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis' American Sociological Review, vo!' 28, no. 2, pp.253-64. Deutsch, K. (1961) 'Social Mobilisation and Political Development', American Political Science Review, vo!' 55, September, pp.493-514. Dodd, C. H. (1972) Political Development (London: Macmillan). Dowse, R. (1969) 'The Military and Political Development' in Leys, (ed.), Politics and Change in Developing Countries (Cambridge University Press). Bibliography 203

Drake, P. (1978) 'Corporatism and Functionalism in Modern Chilean Politics', Journal ofLatin American Studies, vol. 10, no. I, pp .83-116. Easton , D. (1965) A Systems Analysis ofPolitical Life (New York: Wiley). Eisenstadt, S. (1966) Modernisation: Protest andChange (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall). Emmanuel, A. (1974) 'Myths of Development Versus Myths of Under­ development', New Left Review, no. 85, pp. 61- 81. Erickson, K. P. (1972) 'Corporatism and Labour in Development', in H. J. Rosenbaum and W. G. Tyler (eds), Contemporary Brazil: Issues inEconomic and PoliticalDevelopment (New York: Praeger). Evans, P. (1979a) Dependent Development: The Alliance ofMultinational, State and Local (Princeton University Press). Evans, P. (1979b) 'Beyond Centre and Periphery:A Comment on the Contribution of the World System Approach to the Study of Development', Sociological Inquiry, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 15-20. Fanon, F. (1967) The Wretched ofthe Earth (Hammondsworth: Penguin). Foster-Carter, A. (1978) 'The Mod es of Production Controversy', New Left Review, no. 107, pp.47-77. - - (1980) 'The Dogma of Self-Reliance', Guardian Third WorldReview, 10 Sep. Fox, R. G. (1970) 'Avatars ofIndian Research', Comparative Studies inSociety and History, vol. 12, pp.59-72. Frank, A. G. (1969) Capitalismand Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies ofChile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press). -- (1970) 'Destroy Capitalism, not Feudalism', in A. G. Frank Latin America: Underdevelopment orRevolution (New York: Monthly Review Press). -- (1971) The Sociology of Development and Underdevelopment of Sociology (London: Pluto Press). -- (1978) World Accumulation 1492-1789 (London, Macmillan). Gould, H. A. (1977) 'T he Hindu Jajmani System: A Case of Economic Particularism', in S. Schmidt, J . C. Scott, C. Lande and L. Guasti (eds), Friends, Followers andFactions: A Reader in Political Clientelism (Berkeley, Ca: Universit y of California). Graham, B. D. (1975) 'Studies on Indian Elections' , Journal ofCommonwealth and Comparative Political Studies, July. Grindle, M. (ed.) (1980) Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World (Princeton University Press). Gusfield, J . (1967) 'T radition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of ', American Journal of Sociology, vol. 72, January, pp.351-62. Halpern, M. (1962) 'Middle Eastern Armies and the New Middle Class', inJ. Johnson (ed.), The Role ofthe Military in Underdeveloped Countries (Princeton University Press). Heeger, G. (1974) The Politics ofUnderdevelopment (London: Macmillan). Higgott, R. A. (1983) Political Development Theory (London and Canberra: Croom-Helm). Hill, F. (1975) 'Ujamaa: African Socialist Productionism in Tanzania', in H. Desfosses and R. Levesque (eds), Socialism in the Third World (New York: Praeger). 204 Bibliography

Hobsbawm, E. (1975) The Ageof Capital (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson). HoogveIt, A. (1982) The Third World in Global Development (London: Mac­ millan). Hoselitz, B. F. (1964) ' and Economic Development', International Social Science Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 237- 51. Huntington, S. (1965) 'Political Development and Political Decay', World Politics vol. 17, no. 3, pp.386-430. -- (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press). -- (1971) 'The Change to Change', Comparative Politics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp.283-32. Hyden, G. (1980) Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania : Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry (London: Heinemann). Inkeles, A. and Smith, D. H. (1974) Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries (London: Heinemann). Ionescu, G. and Gellner, E. (eds) (1969) Populism (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson). jessop, B. (1982) The Capitalist State (Oxford : Martin Robertson). johnson, j. J. (ed.) (1962) The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries (Princeton University Press). johnson, M. (1977) 'Political Bosses and Their Gangs', in E. Gellner & j . Waterbury (eds). joshi, B. R . (1982) 'Whose Law, Whose Order - Untouchables, Social Violence and the State in India', Asian , vol. 22, no. 7, pp.676-87. Kasfir, N. (1979) 'Explaining Ethnic Political Participation', World Politics, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 365- 88. Kesselman, M. (1973) 'Order or Movement: the Literature of Political Development as Ideology', World Politics, vol. 26, no. I, pp. 139-54. Laclau, E. (1971) 'Feudalism and Capitalism in Latin America', New Left Review, no. 67, pp. 19-38. -- (1977) Politics andIdeology in Marxist Theory (London: New Left Books). Leeds, A. (1964) 'Brazilian Careers and : an Evolutionary Model and Case History', American Anthropologist, vol. 66, pp. 1321-47. Legg, K. and Lemarchand, P. (1972) 'Political Clientelism and Develop­ ment', Comparative Politics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 149-78. Lehmann, D. (ed.) (1979) Development Theory: Four Critical Essays (London: Cass). Lenin, V. I. (1966) Imperialism: the Highest Stage of Capitalism (Moscow: Publishers). - - (1970) The State and Revolution (Moscow: Foreign Language Press). Lewis, W. A. (1955) Theory of (London: Allen & Unwin). Leys, C. (ed.) (1969) Politics and Change in Developing Countries (Cambridge University Press). -- (1971) 'Politics in Kenya: the development ofa peasant society', British Journal of Political Science, I, pp. 307- 37. -- (1976) 'T he "Overdeveloped" Post Colonial State: A Reevaluation', Review of African Political Economy, vol. 5, pp.39-48. -- (1978) ', Class Formation and Dependency: the Bibliography 205

Significance of the Kenyan Case', in R. Miliband and J. Saville (eds), Socialist Register 1978 (London: Merlin Press). Linz, J . J. (1970) 'An Authoritarian Regime: Spain', in E. Allardt and S. Rokkan (eds), Mass Politics: Studies in (New York: Free Press). Lofchie, M. (ed.) (1971) The State of the Nations: Constraints on Deoleopment in Independent Africa (Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press). Macridis, R. C. (1955) The Study of Comparative Government (Garden City: Doubleday). Malloy, J . (ed.) (1977) Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (University of Pittsburgh). Marx, K. (1973) 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte', in D. Fernbach (ed.), : Surveys from Exile. Political Writings, Vol.2 (Harmondsworth: Penguin) . Mazrui, A. (1976) 'Soldiers as Traditionalizers: Military Rule and the ReAfricanization of Africa', World Politics, vol. 28, pp .246-72. McClelland, D. (1961) The Achieving Society (Princeton: Van Nostrand). Meillassoux, C. (1970) 'A Class Analysis of the Bureaucratic Process in Mali', Journal of , vol. 16, pp. 97-108.. - - (1973) 'Are there Castes in India?', Economy and Society, vol. 2, no. I, pp.89-111. Melotti, U. (1977) Marx and the Third World (London: Macmillan) . Meyerson, M. and Banfield, E. C. (1969) 'A Machine at Work', in Edward C. Banfield (ed.), Urban Government, A Reader in Politics andAdministration (New York: Free Press). Migdal, J . S. (1977) 'Policy and Power: a Framework for the Study of Comparative Policy Contexts in Third World Countries', Public Policy, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 241-60. Miliband, R. (1965) 'Marx and the State', in R. Miliband andJ. Saville (eds), The Socialist Register 1965 (London: Merlin Press). - - (1969) The State in Capitalist Society (London: Weidenfeld & Nicoloson). - - (1977) andPolitics (Oxford University Press). Morris-Jones, W. (1979) 'The West and the Third World', Third World QuarterlY, 2, I, pp.31 -42. ' Murray, R. (1967) 'Second Thoughts on Ghana', New Lift Review, no. 42, pp.25-39. Nehru, B. K. (1979) 'Western Democracy and the Third World', Third World QuarterlY, vol. I, no. 2, pp. 53- 70. Nordlinger, E. A. (1970) 'Soldiers in Mufti: The Impact ofMilitary Rule upon Economic and Social Change in the Non-Western States', American Political Science Review, vol. 64, pp.1131 -48. Nun, j. (1967) 'The Middle-Class Military Coup', in C. Veliz (ed.), The Politicsof Conformity in Latin America (Oxford University Press). Nyerere,j. (1979) 'The Processof Liberation', in H. Goulbourne (ed.), Politics and the State in the Third World (London: Macmillan). O'Brien, D. C. (1972) 'Modernisation, Order and the Erosion ofa Democratic Ideal : American Political Science 1960-1970', Journal of Development Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 351-78. 206 Bibliography

O'Brien, P. (1975) 'A Critique of Latin American of Dependency', in I. Oxaal, T. Barnett and D. Booth (eds), Beyond the Sociology ofDevelopment (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul ). Ocampo, J. F. and Johnson, D. (1972) 'The Concept of Political Develop­ ment', in D. Cockcroft and A. G. Frank (eds), Dependence and Underdevelop­ ment. Latin America's Political Economy (New York: Anchor Books). O'Donnell, G. (1973) Modernization andBureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley, Ca: University of California) . Packenham,R. A. (1973) Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas inForeignAidandSocialScience (Princeton University Press). Palma, G. (1978) 'Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations', World Development, vol. 6, pp.881 -924. Parsons, T. (1960) Structure andProcess in Modem Societies (Glencoe: The Free Press). Peace, A. (1979) 'The Lagos Proletariat: Labour Aristocrats or Populist Militants?' in H. Goulbourne (ed.), Politics and the State in the Third World (London: Macmillan). Perkin, H. (1969) The Origins of English Society (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul ). Peters, E. (1968) 'The Tied and the Free', inJ. G. Peristiany (ed.), Contributions to Mediterranean Sociology (T he Hague: Mouton). Petras,J. (1975) 'New Perspectives on Social Imperialism: Social Classesin the Periphery'. Journal ofContemporary Asia, vol. 5, no. 3, pp .291 - 308. Philip, G. (1980). 'On Putting the Politics into Political Economy : Some Reflections on Latin America', unpublished paper presented to Political Change and Underdevelopment Group of the UK Political Studies Association. Phillips, A. (1977) 'T he Concept of Development', Review ofAfrican Political Economy, vol. 8, J anuary-April, pp. 7- 20. Pitt-Rivers, J . (1954) The People ofthe Sierra (New York: Criterion Books). Portes, A. (1976) 'On the Sociology of National Development: Theories and Issues', American Journal ofSociology, vol. 82, no. 1, pp.55-85. Post, K. (1972). '''Peasantization'' and Rural Political Movements in Western Africa' , European Journal ofSociology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp.223-54. Poulantzas, N. (1973). Political Powerand Social Classes (London: New Left Books). - - (1975) Classes in Contemporary Capitalism (London: New Left Books). Powell,J. D. (1970) 'Peasant Society and Clientelist Politics' , American Political Science Review, vol. 64, June, pp. 411-25. Purcell, S. K. (1973) 'Decision-making in an Authoritarian Context. Theoretical Implications from a Mexican Case-Study', World Politics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp.28-54. Pye, L. W. (1966) Aspects ofPolitical Development (Boston: Little, Brown). Riggs, F. (1963) 'Bureaucrats and Political Development: A Paradoxical View', in J. LaPalombrara (ed.), Bureaucracy and Political Development (Princeton University Press). - - (1964) Administration in Developing Countries: The Theory ofPrismatic Society (Boston: Houghton Mifflin). Bibliography 207

- - (1981) 'The Rise and Fall of "Political Development"', in S. C. Long (ed.) The Handbook ofPolitical Behaoiour, vol. 4 (New York and London: Plenum Press). Roett, R. (1972) Brazil: Politics in a Patrimonial Society (New York: Praeger) . Rostow, W. (1962) The Stages ofEconomic Growth:A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge University Press). Roth, G. (1968) 'Personal Rulership, Patrimonialism and Empire-Building in the New States', World Politics, vol. 20, pp. 194-206. Rothchild, D. and Curry, R. L. (1978) Scarcity, Choice andPublic Policy in Middle Africa (Berkeley, Ca: University of California) . Roxborough, 1. (1979) Theories ofUnderdevelopment (London: Macmillan). -- O'Brien, P. and Roddick, J . (1977) : The State and Revolution (London: Macmillan). Rudolph, L. and Rudolph, S. (1967) The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago University Press). Rustow, D. A. (1967) A World of Nations: Problems of Political Modernization (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute) . Sand brook, R. (1972) 'Patrons, Clients and Factions', Canadian Journal of Political Science, v, pp.I04-19. -- (1982) The Politics of (London: Heinemann). Sartori, G. (1970) 'Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics', American Political Science Review, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 1033-53. Saul, J . (1976) 'T he Unsteady State: Uganda, Obote and General Amin', Review ofAfrican Political Economy, vol. 5. -- (1979) The State andRevolution in Eastern Africa (London: Heinemann). Schapiro, L. (1971) TheCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (New York: Vintage Books). Schmitter, P. D. (1971) Interest Coriflict andPolitical Change in Brazil (Stanford University Press). -- (1973) 'The "Portugalization" of Brazil?', in A. Stepan (ed.), Auth­ oritarian Brazil (New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press). -- (1974) 'Still the Century of Corporatism?', Review ofPolitics, vol. 36, January, pp.85-121. Scott, J . C. (1969) 'Corruption, Machine Politics and Political Change', American Political Science Review, vol. 63, pp. 1142-58. Seers, D. (1979) 'The Meaning of Development', in D. Lehmann Development Theory: Four Critical Essays (London: Cass). Shanin, T . (1971) 'Peasantry as a Political Factor', in T . Shanin (ed.) Peasants andPeasant Societies (Harmondsworth: Penguin). -- (1973) 'Peasantry, Delineation ofa Sociological Concept and a Field of Study', Pecsat SUuiits Newsletter, pp. 1-8. -- (1979) 'Defining Peasants: Conceptualizations and Deconceptualiza­ tions Old and New in a Marxist Debate', Peasant Studies, vol. 8, no.4, pp.38-60. -- (1982) 'Class, State and Revolution', in H. Alavi and T . Shanin (eds), I"trtHiJuiWa to tIu SocUJJol} of'DtVlI9jJing Societies' (London: Macmillan). Shils, E. A. (1962) 'The Military in the Political Development of the New States', in J. J. Johnson (ed.), TIlL Role of the Military in Underdeveloped COll1ltries (Princeton University Press). 208 Bibliography

Shivji, 1. G. (1976) Class Struggles in Tanzania (London: Heinemann). Shor, E. (1960) 'The Thai Bureaucracy', Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 5, june, pp.66-86. Silverman, S. F. (1977) 'Patronage and Community- Nation Relationships in Central Italy', in S. Schmidt,j.\C. Scott, C. Lande and L. Guasti (eds), Friends, Followers andFactions:A Reader in Political Clientelism (Berkeley, Ca: University of California ). Singer, M. (1971) 'Beyond Tradition and Modernity in Madras', Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 160-96. Skidmore, T. E. (1967) Politics in Brazil, 1930-64: An Experiment in Democracy (New York: Oxford University Press). -- (1973) 'Politics and Economic Policy-Making in Authoritarian Brazil, 1937-71', in A. Stepan (ed.), AuthoritarianBrazil (New Haven, Conn .: Yale University Press). Sklar, R. (1979) 'The Nature of Class Domination in Africa', Journal ofModem African Studies, vol. 17, no. 4, pp.531-52. Skocpol, T. (1979) States andSocial Revolution (Cambridge University Press). Smelzer, N.]. (1962) Theory ofCollective Behaviour (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul) . Smith, T. (1979) 'The Underdevelopment of Development Literature: the Case of ', WorldPolitics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp.247-88. Srinivas, M. (1966) Social Change in Modern India (Berkeley, Ca: University of California) . Stepan, A. (1978) TheStateandSociety: Peru inComparativePerspective (Princeton University Press). Theobald, R. (1982) 'Patrimonialism', World Politics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp.548-59. -- (1983) 'The Decline of Patron-Client Relations in Developed Societies', Archives Europtennes de Sociologie, XXIV , pp. 136-47. Tipps , D. (1973) 'Modernization and the Comparative Study of Societies', Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 15, pp. 199-226. Trimberger, E. K. (1978) Revolution From Above(New Brunswick: Transaction Books). Turner, T. (1980) 'Nigeria: Imperialism, Oil Technology and the Comprador State', in P. Nore and T . Turner (eds), Oil and the Class Struggle (London: Zed Press). Uphoff, N. T. and Illchman, W. (1972) The Political Economy ofDevelopment (Berkeley, Ca: University of California) . Van Dam, N. (1983) 'Minorities and Political Elites in Iraq and Syria', in T . Asad and R. Owen (eds), The Middle East (London: Macmillan). Vincent,]. (1969) 'Anthropology and Political Development', in C. Leys (ed.) Politicsand Change in Developing Countries (Cambridge University Press). Wade, L. L. and Kim, B. S. (1978) Economic Development of South Korea (London : Praeger). Waiguchu,j. (1974) 'T he Politics of Nation-Building in Kenya: A Study of Bureaucratic Elitism', in E. Morgan (ed.), The Administration ofChange in Africa (New York and London: Dunellan). Wallerstein, 1. (1971) 'Ethnicity and National Integration in West Africa', in Bibliography 209

J . L. Finkle and R. W. Gable (eds), Political Development and Social Change (Chichester: Wiley). -- (1974) The Modem WorldSystem. Capitalist Agriculture andthe Origins ofthe European in the Sixteenth Century (London: Academic Press). Warren, B. (1973) 'Imperialism and Capitalist ', New Lift Review, no. 81, pp.3-44. -- (1980) Imperialism, Pioneer ofCapitalism (London: Verso Books). Weber, M. (1930) The Protestant Ethnic and the Spirit ofCapitalism (London: Unwin). -- (1968) Economy and Society, vols. 1-3 (New York: Bedminster Press). Weingrod, A. (1968) 'Patrons, Patronage and Political Parties', Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 10,July, pp. 377-400. Williams, G. (ed.) (1976) Nigeria: Economy andSociety (London: Rex Collings). Wolf, E. (1969) Peasant Wars ofthe Twentieth Century (New York: Harper & Row). Wolf-Phillips, L. (1979) 'Why Third World?', Third World Quarterly, vol. I, no. I, pp.105-13. Wood, G. (1977) 'Rural Development and the Post-Colonial State: Adminis­ tration and the Peasantry in the Kosi Region of N. E. Bihar, India', Development and Change, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 307- 23. Development Report (1980) (Oxford University Press). Worsley, P. (1967) The Third World (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson). - - (1970) The Trumpet Shall Sound (London: Paladin). -- (1979) 'How Many Worlds?', Third World Quarterly, vol. I, no. 2, pp.100-8. Zagoria, D. S. (1974) 'Asian Tenancy Systems and Communist Mobilization of the Peasantry', in]. W. Lewis and K.J. Hartford (eds), Peasant Rebellion andCommunist Revolution in Asia (Stanford University Press). Zeldin, T . (1979) France 1818-1945 (Oxford University Press). Zolberg, A. (1966) Creating Political Order: The Parry States of West Africa (Chicago University Press). Index

absolutist state 185 parties and elections 89,139.192 adaptation problem 16 aristocracy oflabour thesis 140-1, Africa 175,190 146-7 class and state 141-7,157-71 Arrighi, G. 141 passim, 184 articulation in model ofpolitical system c1ientelism 51 23,24 dependency theory 119-22 Asia 25-7,35,123, 190 economy 97,107,120-2,186-7 class and state 141,147 ,153-60 machine model 61-2 c1ientelism 56-8 militarismandwar 44-50,67,72-6, economy 20,107 , III, 193, 196-8 95-6,122,164,186-7,199 freedom 193-4 parties and elections 69-71,164-5, militarism 77-8,81 192,197 modernisation revisionism 36-44, patrimonialism 62-3 56-7,63 revolutions 139,142 parties and elections 157,159, 193 socialism 161-2 South-East 25-6,63 , 142, 196 see also individual countries see also individual countries aggregation ofinterests 23, 27 Asians in Africa 165 Aguiyi-Ironsi, Maj.-Gen.]. T.U. 44-5 assemblies, emergence of 16 aid,foreign 186 assimilation, proletarian 102 see also colonialism associated dependent development 168 Alavi , H. 142,153-7,159-60, 170, 187 associational interest groups 25 A1essandri, President 91 associations Algeria 142 caste 39-40,43 Allende, S. 92-4 peasants 83- 4 Almond, G. 28,31,33,175 see also trade unions on structural-functionalism 21-7 authoritarianism 125,172-4,189-92, A1thusser,L., 136,151-2 198-9 Ambedkar, Dr 43 see also militarism; state Amin.L 75-6 autonomy Anber, P. 65, 187 ofcapitalism 116 on Nigerian Civil War 44-50 of state 150,157, 159, 170, 185 Anderson, P. 181 ,184-5 Azikiwe , N. 48 interest groups 26 appropriation of surplus by developed Bailey, F. G. 55-7 world 108 Balewa, Sir A. T. 44-5,48 see also import-substitution Banfield,E.C. 60 Apter, D. 30, 175 Baran,P. 104-5,123-4 Argentina behaviourism 14,22-3 class 88-91,146 BeIaunde (politician) 89 economy 104,126-7,129 Bello, Sir A. 45 militarism 87,89,95 Bendix, R. 34-5 Index 211

Bernstein, H. 180,185 Cammack, P. 65 Biafra 44-5 capabilities of political systems 28 see also Nigeria capacity of political systems, growing 32 Bienen, H. 61 capitalism Black, C. E. 31 autonomous 116 Blair, H. W. 42 emergence and spread of 100-7,135, Blanksten, G. 26 181-2 Boeke, J.H. 107 and feudalism 132-4, 136 Boissevain, j. 58-9,61 incorporation into 106-7 Bolivia 73 pre- 138 Booth, D. 104 Cardenas, President 130 bourgeoisie Cardoso, F. H. 6,116,126,128-30,135 commercial 162, 165 caste and political modernisation economic development and 118, 36-44,56-7 120-1, 162, 165 Central America 96-7 ethnicityand 169 class and state 147 metropolitan 153-6 economy 104, 126 middle classdistinct from 87-8 militarism and revolution 73, 103-4, national 153-6,160,162,168-70 139, 142 petty 149, 160, 162-7 parties and elections 130 political project of 139 see also individual countries; Latin weak 101,128,149,160,162,171, America 184 Che Guevara 141 see also class; middle class Chile Branco, C. 114,119 classand state 88,91-4,146,172-4 Brazil 192-3 clientelism 54-5 classand state 88, 146, 172-4 economy 105,126, 130 clientelism 65 feudalism 134 dependency theory 109-19 militarism 83-5 economy 104-5,107-19,126-9 parties and elections 69,91-4, 130, incorporation 130 192-3 independence 109,110 China 175 militarism 73,78-87,89,95 economy 20, 196 parties 65- 6, 82, 113- 14 revolution 139, 142 patrimonialism 79-86 city see urban and USA 108, 111-12, 114, 129 Clapham, C. 65 breakdowns in modernisation 68 class 180-3 Bretton , H. L. 70 consciousness 140 Britain control 65-6 bourgeoisie 73,88 , 183 dominance, struggle for 148- 53 colonialism/imperialism 37-40, 49, formation at periphery 138-48 75,103 ,124 and state 6-7, 137-77 economy 20,110-11 see also bourgeoisie; middle class; elections 89 peasantry; proletariat; working Buganda 144 class Buhari (Nigerian leader) 96 clientelism 50-64, 65, 78 bureaucratic-authoritarianism 173-4 Cliffe, L. 143-4,161-2 bureaucracy 16,26,157-63,166, Cohen, R. 139-40,147 170-3 Coleman,j. 24,26-7,49,175 in Brazil 79 Collier, D. C. 174 and clientelism 56,63, 78 colonialism 75 rational-legal 72 and capitalism 100-3 Burkina Fasso (Upper Volta) 96 neo- 185 212 Index colonialism - coni. seealso militarism; state post- 153-71 Dowse,R. 73 and protestantism 14 Drake, P. 173 see also imperialism drive to modernity stage ofeconomic commercial bourgeoisie 162,165 growth 20 Comparative Politics Committee of dualism in theories of economic growth SSRC (USA) 22,29-31 107-11,116,132-4,180-1 comparative history approach 31 Durkheim, E. IS Comte , A. 67, 73 Congo 67 Easton , D. 22, 175 Connors, W.J. 60 ECLA see Un ited Nations Economic constitutive element in government 158 etc. conversion function in model of political economic/economy system 23, 24 blockade of Chile 93 Coquery-Vidrovitch, C. 181 growth 4,19,97 (and political core and periphery concept 122-5,135 stability 197-9) see also metropolis ignored in research 179 corporatism 172- 3 political 8,32 coups see militarism and state 149-50,157 crises (problems) ofpolitical seealso dependency; industrialisation development 29, 33 Ecuador 73 Crouch, H. 77-8 Egypt 72-3,95 Crumney, D. 181 Eisenstadt, S. N. 34,68 Cuba 96 EI Salvador 97 revolution 103-4, 139, 142 elections 13,78,89 cultural hegemony and state ISO seealsoparties Curry, R. L. 32 elite 72,80-1, 148 Cutright, P. 31 see also class; dominance Cyrenaica 51 emancipation 193-9 Emmanuel, A. 116 Danquah,J. P. 70-1 enclave economy 130 demagoguery, political 89 Engels, F. 100,149 democracy and industrialisation 190 enlightenment view ofIndian politics dependency theory 5-6,99-136, 41 179-80,193,196 environment, interaction with 23 inAfrica 119-22 equality, concern with 32 in Brazil 109-19 Erickson, K. P. 83 Lenin's theory ofimperialism 99-103 Eth iopia 63 modes of production 122- 34,181-2 ethnicity 26,65, 75, 269 towards a 103- 9 see also tribalism determinism 151,160 Europe 106, 124, 189 Deutsch, K. 31 classand state 73, 88, 106, 139, developmentalist state 130 151-2,174-5, 183-4 differential political mobilisation 42 clientelism 53,58-9,61 differentiation of political roles and colonialism 37-40,49,75-6, 103, structures 32 109-10,113, 124,160 distribution problem of political economy 20,110-11,190 development 29 feudalism 134 distributive capability of political nationalism 10I - 2 systems 28 parties and elections 69,89, 113, ISO Dodd , C. H. 30,115 see also individual countries dominance Evans,P. 116,118-19,125 class, struule lOr 148-53 evolutionary corporatism 173 Index 213

evolutionism 67 Grindle,M. 176 exceptionalism, American 21 growth see economic, growt h exclusionary corporatism 173 Gu inea 71,164, 192 exclusivity of tradition and modernity, Gusfield, J. 34-5 fallacy of 36, 64 extrac tive capa bility of political systems Hafiz el-Asad 76 28 Hagen,E. 18 Halpern,M. 74, 76 Faletto, E. 126,128-31,135 Hassan el-Bakr, Ahm ad 76 Fanon,F. 141 ,145 Heeger,G. 8,115 Farouk, King 73 hegemony, cultural, and state 150 feedback loop in model of political Higgott , R. A. 32, 138, 176 system 23 Hill, R. 162 feudalism 154,156 Hobsbawm , E. 184 and capitalism 132-4,136 Holland 124 seealsolandowners Hoogvelt, A. 99 Filho, C. 113-14 Hoselitz, B. 106 force 150 Houphoet-Boigny (Ivory Coast seealsomilitarism politician) 192 Foster-Carter, A. 136,181,196 Huntington,S. 3-4,8,19, 30, 33-4, Fourth World 10 50,67 -9,73-4,86-7,95 Fox,R.G. 43 Hussein, Saddam 76 France 106,139,175 Hyden, G. 144 classand state 151-2,184 colonialism 76,160 Ibanez, Col. 91 economy 20 ideological control 84-5 Franco, General 174 Illchman,W. 32 Frank,A.G. 19,94, 99-124passim, imperialism, Lenin 's theory of 99- 103 132-5, 179 seealsocolonialism on Brazil 109-19 implementation of policy 26 freedom 193- 9 import-substitu tion industrialisation seealsoindividual countries 104-5, Ill, 125-7, 130 Frei, E. 91- 2 inclusionary corpo ratism 173 functionalism, stru ctural- 21-7, 24, incorporation of traditional societies into 30-1 capitalism 106-7 Furnival,]. S. 107 independence 12-13 Furtado, C. 104 Brazil 109,110 Indi a 40 Gellner, E. 131 T anzania 161 -4 Germ any 20, III, 113, 184 Uganda 75 Ghana 160 seealsofreedom militarism 95-6 India 35, 123 parties 70, 165 caste system 36-44,56-7 Gifford, Lord 95 class and state 147,156-9 goal attainment problem 16 clientelism 56-8 Goulart,]. 81-9passim, 114, 117-18, colonialism 37- 40 129,146 economy 20 Gould, H. A. 56-7 independence 40 government see state interest aggregation 27 Gowon, Lieut.-Col. 45 modernisation revisionism 39-44 Graham, B. D. 41 parties and elections 157,159,193 Gramsci, A. 150,171,176 indigenisation offoreign industry Green Revolution 154 121 -2 214 Index

Indon esia 77- 8, 81 and caste system 39 industrialisation 100 lackof 160 and democracy 190 seealso class; feudalism de pende nt 129- 30 (seealso latency see pattern mainten an ce depend ency) Latin America import-substitution 104-5, Ill, class and state 88-92,139,141 -2, 125-7,13 0 146-7,157 ,170,172-4 int erest groups 81 clientelism 54-5,65 and state 119, 129 economy 20,97 ,103-15, 126-35 see also capitalism ; dependency; feudalism and capitalism 132-4,136 economi c militarism and revolution 26, 73, Inkeles, A. 18,35 78-87,89,93-5,114,117,170, innovation and dissolution of tradition , 199 fallacy of 36 parties and elections 69,88-9,91-4, inputs in model of political system 23, 130,192-3 27 patrimonialism 77-86 institutional int erest groups 25 personalism 97 , political 68 Solidarity Organisation (O LAS) integration problem 16 103-4 interest groups 25-6,40,80-1 see also mdundual countries; Central interests, aggregation of 23,27 America lonescu, G. 131 Lebanon 188 Iraq 73, 119, 192 Leeds,A. 79-80 Israel 72 Legg , K . 59,65 Italy 53, 139 legislation parties and elections 69, 11 3,1 50 Britain 88 Ivory Coast 192 an d interest grou ps in Bra zil 81- 3 Nigeria 121 j ap an 1,106,139 rul e-making 23, 26 class and sta te 184 Lehmann, D. 54 economy 20, I II, 193 Lemarchand, P. 59, 65 j essop , B. 150 Lenin, V. I. 140,142, 149 johnson, D. 193 theory of imperialism 99- 103 johnson,].]. 72 Lerner.D, 18 joshi, B. R. 44 Lewis, A. 107-8 Leys, C. 13-14,120,158,168-71,188 Kampuchea 196 liberal path to industrialis ation 129 Kasfir,N. 64 liberation 193-9 Kennedy,]. F. 63 Lib ya 51 Kenya 120 Linz,]. 173 class and state 143-4,160,162 -3, Lofch ie, M . 190 166-71 Luis , W. 112 Kesselman,M. 69 lumpenproletariat 145-6 Kim, B. S. 198 kinsh ip 15-16,53 McClelland, D. 18, 106 Kubitschek, Presid ent 114 machine model of'clientelism 59- 62 Macridis,R.C. 13,22 labour, ari stocra cy of 140-1,146-7 Malaya 69 see also trade unions; working class Malaysia 195 Laclau,E. 131- 6, 138 Mali 160 Lambert,]. 107 Malloy,]. 97 landowners 101-2,153-5,168,170, Malta 58-9,61 183 Mao Zedong HI , 196 Index 215

marginalisation of political factor 115 caste and political modernisation Marx, K./Marxism/neo-Marxism 6, 37-44 39,43,81, 102, 133-56 passim, c1ientelism, politics of 50-64 176,180,184-5,197-8 contribution of 64-6 post-colonial state 153-71 Nigerian Civil War, Anber on 44-50 mass consumption age 20 modesofproduction 122-34,181 -2 stage 86 monopoloy 108 Mazrui, A. 76 Moore, B. 184 Meillassoux, C. 63,160-1,163 moral community 56 Melotti, U. 181 Morocco 192 metropolis and satellite model 108, III, Morris-Jones, W. 193 119-20 multinationals 147,186 see also core and periphery murder 85,94 metropolitan bourgeoisie 153-6 Murray,R. 165,167 Mexico economy 104,126 Napoleon Bonaparte 151,153,185 militarism and revolution 73, 142 Nasser, G. A. 73,95 parties 130, 192 nation-building problem ofpolitical proletariat 147 development 29 Meyerson, M. 60 national bourgeoisie 153-6, 160, 162, middle class 149 168-70 coup 86-97 nationalism 85, 101-2 distinct from bourgeoisie 87-8 nationalist-populist path to new 74,76 industrialisation 129 see also bourgeoisie; class natural corporatism 173 Middle East 190 need for achievement (NACH) 18 economy 107 Nehru, B. K. 192 militarism 72-4,119 , 188 neo-colonialism 185 New Middle Class 76 New Middle Class 74, 76 political process 24-5,27,192 Nicaragua 97 Migdal ,J.S. 175 Nigeria Miliband, R. 149-51 Civil War and militarism 44-50,67, militarism and war 5,157 ,179 ,189 74-5,96, 186-7 middle-class coup 86-97 class and state 146-7,160,170 myth of unity 76-7 economy 97,120-2,156 and patrimonialism 77-9 ethnicity 65 (see also Civil War above) see also under Africa; Asia; Latin Nkrumah,K. 70-1,165 America non-associational interest groups 25-6 mobilisation 68,143-5 Nordlinger,E.A. 85 model Nun,]' 87-9,90-2,94-5,125,170 machine,ofclientelism 59-62 Nyerere,]. 161-2,193-4 ofsystem of behaviour 22-3 modernisation, distinct from political Obote, M. 75-6,164 development 30-1 O'Brien, D. C. 97 modernisation and development, towards O'Brien, P. 99 a politics of 3-4,12-33,178-80 Ocampo,]. F. 193 political development theory 27-32 O'Donnell, G. 172,174 (decline of 32-3) oil 10,97,120-2,186 , Almond's Ojukwu, Lieut-Col. 45 21-7 OLAS see Latin American theory of 15-21 (need for 12-15) Solidarity Organisation modernisation revisionism 4-5,34-66, oligarchy 174 178-9 order, emergence of politics of 67-98 216 Index

order, emergence of politics of - cont. policy middle-class coup 86-97 public see state military and patrimonialism 77-9 studies 180-1, 185 military, myth of unified 74-7 political patrimonialism 77-9 (in Brazil change and underdevelopment 33 79-86) (seealso class; dependency; outputs in model of political system 23, modernisation; order; state ; 27 study ) 156,158 communication 24 contribution of peasantry 141-3 Packenham, R. A. 21 decay 68 Pakistan 153-5,157,160 demagoguery 89 Palma, G. 100 development theory 27-32,65, Parsons, T . 15-17,22-3,28,48,106 188-93, 197 (decline of 32-3) participation problem of political economy ofdevelopment concept 8, 32 development 29 institutionalisation 68 parties, political 5,157,160-5,169,192 mobilisation, stages of 41 emergence of 16 participation 68, 87 lackof 191 parties see elections; parties machine 59-61 patronage 59 (see also clientelism) one-party systems 5,69-71 recruitment in model of political see also individual countries; elections system 23 passive revolution 171 socialisation in model of political patrimonialism 62-3,79-86,98,171 system 23 see also clientelism stability and economic growth 197-9 patronage see clientelism PoliticsifDevelopingAreas, The 24-7 pattern maintenance problem 16 populism 131,174 pattern variables 16,28 Portes, A. 35 Peace, A. 147 Portugal 109,110,164 peasantariat 147 Post, K. 145 peasantry 164 post-colonialism and neo-Marxism and clientelism 52-8 153-71 conflict with landowners 102 Poulantzas, N. 138,150-3,167 ,185 definition 142 Powell,B . 28 mobilisation 143-5 Powell,J. D. 54 political contribution re-evaluated power see class; state 141-3 praetorian society 68, 69 see also feudalism; working class see also militarism periphery concept 122-5,135 pre-capitalism 138 class formation at 138-48 Prebisch, R. 104 strong state in 124-5,135 preconditions for take-off stage of see also metropolis economic growth 19- 20 Perkin, H. 184 primacy of politics 176 Peron.]. D. 89-91,125,127,146 primary products export see import­ personalism 60-1,63,97 substitution Peru 73,97, 134 primary view ofstate 149 Peters, E. 51-2 problems of political development 29, petty bourgeoisie 149,160,162-7 33 Philip,G. 8 proletariat 167 Phillips, A. 196-7 assimilation 102 Pinochet, General 94,173,193 lumpen- 145-6 Pitt-Rivers,]. 54 plantation 147 plantation proletariat 147 revolution 101,103-4 (lack of 100, Index 217

139,140) Schneider, Gen. 94 urban 81, 147 Scott,J. C. 61 see also class; working class secession 67 protestantism and capitalism 14 Seers, D. 194-6 psycho-cultural aspect of modern isation Shanin,T. 52,139,142-3 theory 18 Shils, E. A. 48, 72 public policy see state Shivji, I. 161-6,170 Purcell, S. I. 97 Shor, E. 63 Pye,L. 25-6,31-3,72 Silverman,S. 53 Singer, M. 36,39 Quadros,J. 114 Skidmore, T . E. 117 Sklar, R. 145 radical perspective see class; state Skocpol, T. 172,174- 5 rational-legal bureaucracy 72 Smelzer, N.J. 15-16 Rawlings, Flight-Lieut,G. 95-6 Smith , D. H. 35 regulative capability of political system Smith , T . 123-6,135 28 social religion and militarism 44, 76 cohesion function of state 152-3 repression see militarism; torture differentiation approach 15 responsive capability of political system integration problem 15 28 mobilisation 68 restructuralism 138 process approach 31 revisionism 168 relations, traditional 37 seealso modernisation revisionism roles 16-17 revolution 103-4,139 ,142 ,171 ,183 Social Science Research Council (USA) see also militarism; proletariat 22,29-30 Riggs, F. 29-30,33 , 158 socialism in Africa 161-2 Roett, R. 79,97 South Africa 10 roles, concept of 15- 17 South Korea 197- 8 Rostow, W. 4,19-21,29 ,106-7 Soviet Union 2,12,103 Roth, G. 49,63-4 see also Russia Rothchild,D. 32 Spain 124, 174 Roxborough, I. 92-4,139-40,144-6, Spencer , H. 15,67 148,171 Srinivas, M. 38-9 Rudolph, L. and S. 34,37 ,39-43,65 Stalin 103, 183 rule-adjudicationfimplementationfmaking, state 180-1,185 in model political system 23, autonomy of 150, 157, 159, 170, 185 26 -building problem of political rural population 191 development 29 see alsolandowners; peasantry classand 6-8,137-77 (dominance Russia 20,100-2,142 ,175 and 148-53) see also Soviet Union convergence on 171-7 Rustow, D. 24-5,27 ,30 defined 175 developmentalist 130 Sandbrook,R. 61-2,145-7 extension and trade expansion 54-5 Sankara, Capt. T . 96 and industrialisation 119, 129 sanskritisation 36,39 organisation of 123 Sartori, G. 25 post-colonial and neo-Marxism satellite see metropolis 153-71 Saul,J. 141,147,161,164-7 strong in periphery 124-5,135 Schapiro, L. 101 welfare 190 Schmitter,P.D. 82,84-5,97 ,172,174, static traditional society, fallacy of 181 36-7 218 Index

Step an, A. 172 Trimberger, E. K. 172,181 Stewart, C.C. 181 Trotsky, L. 102 -structural Turner,T. 121 dep enden cy perspective 126- 7 -functionalism 21-7,30-1 Uganda 15-16, lSI class and state 143, 164, 166 studyofpoliticalchange 6-7,178-99 militarism 75-6,164 liberation 193-9 (and politic al underdevelopment see political change stability and economic growth United Nations Economic Commission 197-9) for Latin America 104-5, III political development 188-93,197 United States 2, 182, 184, 189 (and western-style democracy 7, and Brazil 108,111-112,114 ,129 189-93) and Chile 93 .styles see pattern variables economy 20, III , 147,190 Sudan 51 and Ghana 96 Suharto, General 77-8 influence of 12-13,67 surplus, appropriation of 108 multinationals 147 see also import-substitution patrimonialism 63 Sweden 124,190 Social Science Research Council 22, symbolic capability of political systems 29-30 28 urban politics 52,59-61 Syria 74, 76, 192 Uphoff, N. T. 32 system of behaviour, model 22-3 Upper Volta (Burkina Fasso) 96 systems urban approach 15(world 123) politics in USA 52,59-61 goals 33 proletariat 81,147 take-offstage of econom ic growth 20 Uruguay class and state 88, 174 Tanzania elections 89 class and state 161-4,166 militarism 95 freedom 193-4 Thailand 63 values and attitudes, importance of 18 Theobald, R. 98, 188 Van Dam ,N. 76-7 Third World 1-10 Vargas,G. 65,81-2,87 ,89,112-14, see also Africa; Asia; Latin Ameri ca 117,125 ,128-9, 146, 173-4, 193 Tipps,D. 21, 35, 50 vertical political mobilisation 41-2 Tomic (Chilean politician ) 92 veto coup 86-7 torture 85, 94 Vietnam 142 Toure,S. 71 Vincent,). 34 trade expansion and state extension violence see militari sm; torture 54-5 seealso import-substitution Wade,L. L. 198 trade unions Waiguchu,j. 161 Argentina 90 Wallerstein, I. 64,123 -6 Brazil 82-4,114 war see militarism seealsoassociations; labour Warren, B. 100 tradition/traditional Weber, M. 5, IS, 18,62-3,72 concept of 4-6,34-7,64 Weiner, M. 26-7 societies incorporated into capitalism Weingrod, A. 52,54 106-7 western-st yle democracy 7,189-93 stage of economic growth 19 Williams,G. 122,193 tribalism 44-51 ,75 Wolf,E. 142 see also ethnicity Wolf-Phillips , L. 10 Index 219

Wood,G. 159 Zagoria, D. S. 142 working class 147 Zeldin, T. 184- see also class; peasantry; proletariat zero-sum view of tradition and world systemsapproach 123 modern ity 6,35 Worsley, P. 1,9,131 Zolberg,A. 61-3,66,70-1

Yrigoyen, H. 89