Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica Julia Guernsey Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01246-2 - Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica Julia Guernsey Index More information

Index

Agua Escondida Monument 1, 82 Bell, Catherine, 155 Cabrera Castro, Rubén, 142 Fig. 4.33c, 82 Bell, Ellen, 52, 87, 137 Cacaxtla, 87 Aguateca, 126, 138, 168 Benson, Elizabeth, 15 Cahal Pech, 102, 103 ajaw title, associated with emanation of Benson, Larry, 7, 8 Cakchiquel Maya, 155 sound, 134 Berger, Rainer, 56 camahuiles, 80–81 Fig. 7.3b, 134 Bernal, Ignacio, 20, 54 Campbell, Lyle, 23, 30 Akkeren, Ruud van, 173 Beyer, Hermann, 13, 24, 123, 138 candeleros, 174 Alcock, Susan, 159 Bilbao, 93 Cantón Corralito, 33, 35 Alta Verapaz, 132 Monument 58, 66, 87, 99, 136, 164 Canuto, Marcello, 52, 87, 154 Alvarado, Carlos, 50, 75, 142 Fig. 4.12a, 69 Caso, Alfonso, 17, 19 Alvaro Obregón, 33, 35, 46 Bilbao/Concepción Ceiba, Tabasco figurine, 110 potbelly, 95 Monument 46, 66, 99 celts, 80 Fig. 4.49, 95 Fig. 4.11c, 69 Central Mexican figurines.See Teotihuacan sculpture of standing figure Monument 47, 66, 99 Cerro de las Mesas, 51, 162 Fig. 3.3b, 33 Fig. 4.11d, 69 Monument 5, 99 Amaroli, Paul, 85, 86, 111 Blackman Eddy, 102, 107, 169 Chahk, 47, 52, 58, 85, 173 ancestors, 13, 116, 117, 118, 144–45, 160, Bloch, Maurice, 159 Chalcatzingo, 42, 103, 107, 112–13, 117, 175, See also potbelly sculpture as Blom, Frans, 15, 17 120, 126, 173 ancestors Blomster, Jeffrey, 157, 175 figurines at, 102, 134 archaeological evidence for potbellies as, Boas, Franz, 31 issues of public vs. private space at, 116 141–43 Boggs, Stanley, 24, 56 Monument 1, 112 depiction of in Mesoamerica, 134–35, Bonampak, 137 Fig. 5.10b, 113 149–55 Both, Arnd, 138 Monument 9, 112, 116 Anderson, Dana, 85 boulder sculptures, 6, 20, 24, 37, 38, 39, Fig. 5.10a, 113 Antigua, Sacatepéquez Monument 1, 81 45, 46, 56, 63, 110, 111, 136, 157, Monument 17, 116 Fig. 4.33b, 82 163, 165 mortuary traditions at, 116 Antigua, Veracruz potbelly, 98 Bourdieu, Pierre, 151, 152 Chalchuapa, 52, 106 Arnaud, Laura, 170 Bove, Frederick, 13, 18, 24, 38, 40, 42, 43, Monument 1, 52 Arredondo, Ernesto, 148 48, 56, 65, 85, 118, 126 Monument 7, 52, 85, 86 Arriaga potbelly, 46, 94, 95, 98, 99, Braakhuis, H.E.M., 138, 173 Fig. 4.39a, 86 100, 174 Braswell, Geoffrey, 79, 126 Monument 27, 64 Fig. 4.50a, 96 breath, concepts and imagery of, 13, 104, Chamula, 135, 138 Arroyo, Bárbara, 26, 38, 42, 52, 103, 169 131–34, 139 Chanchich II potbelly sculptures, 83 Ausec, Marne, 153, 154 ethnographic evidence for, 133–34, 152 Fig. 4.36c, 84 Awe, Jaime, 102 Figs. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 132 Charlie Chaplin type figurines, 80 Aztec, 1, 15, 29, 76, 99, 114, 136, 138, mortuary evidence for, 132–33 Chase, Arlen, 115 142, 156, 159–60, 168, 169, 173 as performance, 137–39 Chase, Diane, 115, 169 concepts of breath and soul, 132 Brown, M. Kathryn, 102 Cheek, Charles, 142 tlatoani “speaker” title, 134 Bruehl, Gustav, 17, 18 Cheetham, David, 33 Bruhns, Karen Olsen, 86 Chiapa de Corzo, 38, 51, 52, 132 Balberta, 43, 126, 133 Brumfiel, Elizabeth, 119 effigy jar with puffy features, 97 ballgame complex. See ritual combat Bryant, Douglas, 31, 96 Fig. 4.51b, 97 Barbier-Mueller Museum potbelly, 84 Buena Vista sculpture, 33, 35, 163 figurine, 111 barrigón. See potbelly sculpture Fig. 3.3a, 33 Mound 11, 132 beads in mouth, 98, 168 burials. See mortuary traditions Chilpancingo, 128 Beaudry-Corbett, Marilyn, 38, 45 Burkitt, Robert, 16, 17 Chimaltecos, 133, 152

227

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228 Index

China, 159 in the Department of Sacatepéquez, and relationship to public spaces, 2 Chinchilla, Oswaldo, 12, 24, 63, 66, 84, 93 Guatemala, 81 and relationship to sculpture, 1, 44, Chocolá, 50, 82 in the Department of San Marcos, 147, 152 Monument 30, 50, 69, 82, 96 Guatemala, 81 Elson, Christina, 159 Fig. 4.34, 83 in the Department of Sololá, Escobedo, Héctor, 25 Christenson, Allen, 175 Guatemala, 82 Escuintla head with pursed lips Clark, John, 26, 31, 32, 35, 39, 42, 51, 52, in the Department of Suchitepéquez, (unprovenienced), 63, 67, 97, 108 107, 121, 147, 153, 159 Guatemala, 82–83 Fig. 4.7, 65 Coe, Michael, 19, 20, 33, 34, 92, 105 in El Salvador, 85–87 Estrada Belli, Francisco, 38, 49, 67 Cogolludo, Diego López de, 137 in Guerrero, Mexico, 99–100 Colha, 129 in Honduras, 87 Fahsen, Federico, 30, 32, 51 Colman, Arlene, 159 in Tlaxcala, Mexico, 87–88 Fat God, 13, 24, 121, 123–30, 131, 138, commoners, 114 in Veracruz, Mexico, 97–99 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 173, 174, and figurine use, 2, 8 unprovenienced from Guatemala, 84–85 See also Teotihuacan and sculpture, 2, 8, 44 dogs, associations with death and the representations from Central Mexico/ Concepción Monument 3, 66, 136 Underworld, 142 Tampico Fig. 4.11b, 69 domestic ritual Fig. 6.3, 124 Concepción-Anexo Colorado Monument changes in during Middle to Late Faust, Katherine, 119, 139 2, 66 Preclassic transition, 101, 109–10 feasting, 112, 118 Fig. 4.12b, 69 and potbelly sculpture, 139–41, 160 Fialko, Vilma, 83 Concepción-Cementerio Monument 1, domestic ritual space. See also public vs. Fields, Virginia, 134 66, 107 private space figurines, 12, 33, 52, 102–11, 116, Fig. 4.11a, 69 Douglas, Eduardo, 15 117–20, 131, 140, 141, 174, Connerton, Paul, 153 Drucker, Philip, 18, 54, 81 See also camahuiles Contreras Martínez, José E., 87, 88 duck-billed characters. See potbelly sculpture: as antecedents to potbelly sculpture, Copan, 1, 87, 147, 171 with beards or masks 8–9, 10, 12, 13, 101, 109, 110–11, potbelly CPN 46, 87 Dutton, Bertha, 81 119–20, 144–49 Fig. 4.40, 87 and corpulent bodies, 121–30 corpulence, 137 Earley, Caitlin, 51 decline of by Late Preclassic on Pacific as hybrid trait, 123 Eisen, Gustav, 16 slope, 101, 109, 144, 146, 148–49 and social status, 121–22 Ekholm, Susanna, 39, 110 meaning and function of, 103 Costa Rica, 136 El Bálsamo, Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa as sculpture, 2, 25, 101 Cotzumalguapa, 48, 66, 76, 79, 93, 164 Monument 1, 66 Finca Arévalo, 16, 54 Covarrubias, Miguel, 15, 19, 26, 55 Fig. 4.12c, 69 Finca Bonampak Monument 1, 65 Craig, Jessica, 84 El Baúl, 81, 93, 162 Fig. 4.10a, 68 Cuauhtémoc, 36, 42, 106, 112 Monument 25, 93 Finca Concepción, 164 duck-billed effigy tecomate, 99 Monument 35, 76, 79 Finca Costa Brava head, 63 Cummins, Tom, 159 Stela 1, 149 Fig. 4.7b and c, 65 Cyphers, Ann, 102, 174 Fig. 8.2b, 150 Finca Nueva El Jobal potbelly, 84 Monument 1, 7, 66 Dahlin, Bruce, 106 El Jobo, 46, 151 Fig. 1.5, 7 Dainzú, 76, 128 El Manatí, 23, 135 Finca San Antonio La Paz, 66 Davis, Whitney, 137 El Mesak, 107 Finca Sololá, 67, 132 de la Fuente, Beatriz, 33, 34 El Mirador, 162 Monument 1, 63, 66, 81, 89, 97, 107 de las Casas, Bartolomé, 132 El Portón, 51 Fig. 4.10b, 68 death, Preclassic and Classic Maya imagery Monument 1, 51 Monument 2, 66, 67 of, 131 El Ujuxte, 12, 42–44, 45, 49, 71, 83, 109, Fig. 4.10c, 68 del Carmen Rodríguez, María, 135 110, 117–19, 120, 135, 145, 146, Monument 3, 7, 66 DelgadilloTorres, Rosalba, 87 154, 171, 172 Fig. 4.10d, 68 Demarest, Arthur, 12, 24, 56, 85 burials at, 118–19 Flannery, Kent, 138, 153, 169 Diehl, Richard, 19 ceramic offerings at, 42 Focillon, Henri, 23 disjunction, issues of, 10, 13, 22–23, 126, increase in public ritual at, 109 Follensbee, Billie, 87, 156 129–30 mortuary traditions at, 148–49 Foucault, Michel, 152 distribution of potbelly sculpture potbelly sculpture at, 42, 148, 155 Freidel, David, 22 in Chiapas, Mexico, 88–97 reduction in domestic ritual and figurine Furst, Jill, 132 in the Department of Escuintla, use, 12, 109–10, 118, Guatemala, 58–67 148–49 Gamio, Manuel, 16, 17, 21 in the Department of Guatemala, Sculpture 2, 71 Garber, James, 102 Guatemala, 73–81 Fig. 4.22a, 75 García, Edgar, 69 in the Department of Jutiapa, Sculpture 3, 71, 110 García Cook, Angel, 108 Guatemala, 67 Fig. 4.22b, 75 García-Des Lauriers, Claudia, 92, 95, in the Department of Petén, Guatemala, as state, 43 127, 143 83–84 El Varal, 106 Gell, Alfred, 11, 160 in the Department of Quiché, elite Geller, Pamela, 172 Guatemala, 82 as problematic term, 115 gender. See potbelly sculpture: and issues of in the Department of Retalhuleu, elites gender Guatemala, 68–73 and figurine use, 2 Giddens, Anthony, 152

Index 229

Gifford, James, 123 Jenson, Peter, 20, 55 whistle in form of potbelly, 108, 111, 134 Gillespie, Susan, 35, 112, 116, 119, 149–51, Jester God insignia, 89 Fig. 5.8, 109 153, 155, 156, 157 Josserand, Kathryn, 30, 31 Kaufman, Terrence, 23, 30 Giralda, 48, 65, 145 Joyce, Arthur, 170, 176 Kidder, Alfred, 16, 19, 75, 81, 142 Monument 1, 65, 87, 88, 136 Joyce, Rosemary, 11, 103, 119, 135, 136, kinship. See lineage formation and ancestors Fig. 4.9b, 67 147, 149, 150, 152, 153, 156, Kirchoff, Paul, 22 Monument 2, 65, 157 158, 159 Klein, Cecilia, 160 Fig. 4.9c, 67 Kubler, George, 10, 22, 79, 130 Girard, Rafael, 20, 54, 65, 75, 78, 90 Kaminaljuyu, 16, 17, 24, 30, 38, 44, 46, gluttony. See sitz’ winik 49–50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 73, 74, 75, 78, La Blanca, 12, 35, 40–42, 53, 55, 81, 102, Goldsmith, Kim, 76, 78, 138, 142 79, 81, 82, 84, 92, 94, 97, 107, 126, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, González Lauck, Rebecca, 135 127, 135, 139, 140, 143, 145, 149, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, Gossen, Gary, 133, 135, 138 151, 157, 162, 165, 166, 168, 172 137, 146, 163, 168, 170 Graham, John, 7, 8, 12, 22, 37, 45, 50, Las Charcas phase incensario, 125, 140 burials at, 118 56, 68 Fig. 6.4, 125 figurines at,12 , 13, 81, 101, 102, 105, Great Tradition/Little Tradition paradigm, Monument 3, 73, 75, 123, 142 111–12, 118, 122, 123, 128, 129, 134 114, 155, 160 Fig. 4.23a, 76 Fig. 1.3, 5 Grove, David, 34, 102, 107, 112, 116, 119, Monument 4, 73, 74, 75, 123, 142 Fig. 1.7, 9 126, 135 Fig. 4.23b, 76 Fig. 4.32b, 82 Grube, Nikolai, 137 Monument 5, 75, 123, 142 Fig. 5.1, 105 Fig. 6.2a, 123 Fig. 5.2, 105 Habel, Siméon, 24, 56 Monument 6, 17, 73, 166 Fig. 5.3, 106 Halperin, Christina, 26, 119, 176 Fig. 4.23c, 76 Fig. 5.6, 108 hands, downward positioning of, 69, 70, 80, Monument 7, 73, 75 Fig. 6.1, 122 85, 88, 136, 165, 172 Fig. 4.26a, 77 Fig. 6.2b, 123 heads, significance of emphasis on, 135–36 Monument 8, 73, 165 figurines with breath beads at, 105, 131, 132 hearths, symbolism and associations of, 140 Fig. 4.26c, 77 Fig. 7.2a and b, 133 heirlooming of objects and styles, 15, 84 Monument 9, 78, 79, 90, 128, 139 figurines with pursed lips, 133 Heizer, Robert, 22, 81 Monument 10, 75, 97, 129, 136 Fig. 5.7a, 109 Helms, Mary, 175 Fig. 4.29b and c, 79 Monument 1, 42 Henderson, Lucia R., 136 Monument 11, 78, 79, 128 Monument 2, 42 Hendon, Julia, 114, 115, 153 Fig. 4.31b, 80 Monument 3, 42, 51, 53, 104, 112–15 Hernández, Rocío, 12, 57, 88, 95, 99, 100 Monument 15, 78, 79, 92, 128, 139 Fig. 5.9, 113 hieroglyphic writing, 12, See also Long Fig. 4.31a, 80 Monument 4, 42 Count dates Monument 38, 74, 142 Mound 1, 40, 111, 170 ik’ signs and association with breath, 131 Fig. 4.28, 78 Mound 9, 104, 111–15, 169 Fig. 7.1a, 132 Monument 39, 73 La Farge, Oliver, 15, 17 in Preclassic period, 9–10 Fig. 4.26b, 77 La Gomera region, 48, 65–66 lack of on potbelly sculpture, 10, 53 Monument 41, 73 La Lagunita, 80 Hirth, Kenneth, 116, 117, 153 Fig. 4.27a, 78 La Libertad, 132 Hobbs, Hulda, 81 Monument 51, 75 La Mojarra, 51 Hodder, Ian, 144 Monument 57, 73, 75, 81, 89, 107, 110 Stela 1, 25 Hodgson, John, 32, 35 Fig. 4.24, 76 La Nueva, 67 hol pop, office of,137 Monument 58, 73, 75, 81, 89, 107, 110 basalt figurine, 67, 74 Holmes, William H., 17 Fig. 4.25a, 77 Fig. 4.14, 70 Houston, Stephen, 79, 127, 132, 135, 137, Monument 66, 73 monument, 67 138, 157, 158, 159, 161 Fig. 4.23d, 76 La Perseverancia, 45, 46 Huastec, 139 Mound E-III-3 tombs, 49 potbelly, 94, 95 Palangana, 49, 75 La Tractorada potbelly, 84 Ichon, Alain, 138 Pieza A, 73, 75 La Unión stela, 39 Inomata, Takeshi, 137 Fig. 4.25b, 77 Fig. 3.7, 39 Ivic de Monterroso, Matilde, 104 Pieza B, 73 La Venta, 12, 15, 18, 19, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, Izapa, 22, 31, 33, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43–44, Fig. 4.25c, 77 42, 52, 54, 81, 90, 94, 107, 162, 167 45, 46, 49, 51, 82, 109, 110, 145, Pieza C, 73, 75 Altar 4, 149 151, 157, 163 Fig. 4.25d, 77 Fig. 8.2a, 150 dating of monuments at, 44 Pieza D, 73 Altar 5, 34 Miscellaneous Monument 2, 40 Fig. 4.27b, 78 Fig. 3.4b, 34 Fig. 3.8, 40 Pieza E, 73, 75, 110 Altar 7, 99 Miscellaneous Monument 70, 96 Fig. 4.27c, 78 Monument 2, 135 Stela 1, 44 potbelly sculpture at, 16, 49, 165 Monument 3, 135 Stela 4, 44 repositioning of potbelly sculpture at, Monument 4, 135 50, 75 Monument 5, 66 Jaina whistle with Fat God-related imagery, small stone sculpture with bowling ball Monument 56, 164 125, 138 features, 75, 78, 90, 128, 139 Stela 2, 37 Fig. 6.5, 125 Fig. 4.30a, 80 Stela 9, Jardín del Baluarte de Santiago potbelly, 97 Stela 5, 136, 149 Fig. 7.2c, 133 Jennings, Jesse, 16, 75, 142 Stela 10, 49, 50 Stela 19, 132

230 Index

La Victoria, 105 Milbrath, Susan, 81 Naranjo (Petén) NREM-58 potbelly, 83 La Vigía stone head, 97, 98, 99, 132, 135 Miles, Suzanne, 12, 20, 55, 132 Nash, June, 133, 174 Fig. 4.53, 98 Mills, Barbara, 11 Navarrete, Carlos, 12, 56, 57, 75, 88, 91, Lacadena, Alfonso, 30 Mixe-Zoquean languages, 12, 30–32, 163 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 127 Lacandon Maya, 138, 173 Monte Albán, 167, 170 Nicholson, Henry, 138 Ladrón de Guevara, Sara, 167 Monte Alto, 17, 18, 20, 22, 38, 46–48, 54, Nielson-Grimm, Glenna, 132 Laguna de los Cerros, 35 57, 71, 81, 86, 103, 104, 109, 110, non-elite. See commoners Lake Catemaco monument, 98, 166 126, 129, 135, 145, 154, 157, 163, Nopiloa potbelly, 95, 98, 99 Landa, Diego de, 135 164, 167 Fig. 4.52b, 98 Larios, Rudy, 83 dating of potbelly sculpture at, 22, 24, 48, Latour, Bruno, 11 55–56 Oaxaca, 29, 30, 34, 51, 76, 79, 80, 102, Lee, Thomas, 40, 44, 93, 96, 97, 167 Monument 1, 47, 58, 62 108, 118, 132, 138, 161, 167, 169, Lehmann, Walter, 16 Fig. 4.5a, 64 172, 173, 175 Lesure, Richard, 106, 121 Monument 2, 47, 58, 62 Obero, 65, 81 Levine, Marc, 170 Fig. 2.3, 21 Ocozocoautla, 51 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 151 Fig. 4.5b, 64 Ojo de Agua (Mazatán), 35, 110 lineage formation and ancestors, 116–17, Monument 3, 47, 52, 85 Monument 1, 35, 52 118, 120, 137, 144, 147, 148, Fig. 4.6c, 64 Fig. 3.5a, 36 149–54, See also ancestors Monument 4, 6, 7, 47, 58, 63, 87, 136 Monument 3, 35 in China, 159 Fig. 1.4, 6 stone figurine, 107, 110 and relationship to state formation, 28, Fig. 4.3a, 63 Fig. 5.5, 108 147 Monument 5, 47, 58, 63, 87, 136, 163 Oio de Agna (Upper Grijalva Basin), 96, Lockard, Angela, 133 Fig. 4.3b, 63 167, 174, Fig. 415a, 97 Loma de Santa Clara potbelly. See Nopiloa Monument 6, 47, 58, 63 ballcourt marker, 96, 167, 174 potbelly Fig. 4.3c, 63 Fig. 4.51a, 97 Lona, Naoli, 160 Monument 7, 48, 58, 62 Olivier, Guilhem, 138 Long Count dates, 45, 51 Fig. 4.5c, 64 Olmec, 25, 29, 33, 50, 54, 56, 84, 87, 94, 95, Looper, Matthew, 175 Fig. 8.3, 158 135, 138, 156, 161, 162, 167, 170 López Vassallo, Ricardo, 95 Monument 8, 48, 58, 62 chronology of, 17, 18, 19 Lopiparo, Jeanne, 147 Fig. 4.6a, 64 history of usage of term, 15 Los Cerritos Sur, 38, 64, 166 Monument 9, 48, 58, 63 relationship to Maya, 17, 19, 20 Monument 1, 64, 65, 67, 86, 100 Fig. 4.4a, 63 and relationship to Mixe-Zoquean Fig. 4.8, 66 Monument 10, 7, 48, 58, 62, 63 languages, 30 Monument 2, 40 Fig. 1.6, 8 sculpture forms, 1 Monument 3, 65, 171 Fig. 4.6b, 64 style, 33–35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 45, 52 Fig. 4.9a, 67 Monument 11, 48, 55, 58, 63, 88, 95 as term to describe a cultural sphere, 12, Los Horcones, 127 Fig. 4.4b, 63 24, 33 Lothrop, Samuel, 16, 17, 54, 75 Monument 12, 48, 58, 62, 63, 164 Orr, Heather, 76, 165 Love, Michael, 13, 25, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, Fig. 4.4c, 63 Orrego Corzo, Miguel, 24, 31, 32, 45, 68, 41, 42, 43, 46, 55, 57, 68, 70, 71, repositioning of monuments at, 48 83, 136, 141 80, 95, 109, 111, 112, 117, 118, Mora-Marín, Davíd, 30, 81, 134 Ortíz, Ponciano, 135 141, 142, 145, 147, 148, 152, 154 mortuary traditions, 14, 49, 83, 135, 139, Ortiz Díaz, Edith, 140 Lowe, Gareth, 23, 25, 31, 38, 40, 44, 96 141–43, 144, 172, 176 Otomanguean language, 162 Lowe, Lynneth, 25 at Balberta, 133 Overholtzer, Lisa, 119 Lubaantun, 169 at Chalcatzingo, 116 Oxkintok, 141, 171 at Chiapa de Corzo, 132 Structure 3C7, 125 Maize God, 173 at El Ujuxte, 118–19, 148–49 Malmström, Vincent, 22 at Kaminaljuyu, 142 Pacaño, 50–51, 86, 129, 164 Manlio Fabio Altamurano potbelly, 99 at La Blanca, 118 Sculpture 1, Fig. 4.52c, 98 at La Libertad, 132 Fig. 3.14b, 50 Marcus, George, 115 at Takalik Abaj, 141–42 Sculpture 2, Marcus, Joyce, 92, 102, 118, 153, 169, 175 at Teotihuacan, 142–43 Fig. 3.14a, 50 Martínez, Eduardo, 40, 44, 96 at Tetimpa, 116–17 Pacific Coast.See Pacific slope Martínez Donjuán, Guadalupe, 99 at Tikal, 142 Pacific slope, 12, 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 144, Maudslay, Alfred, 16, 54, 75 in Oaxaca, 132 145, 147, 148, 154, 163 Mayan languages, 12, 30–32, 45, 49, Mother Culture debate, 19, 24, 163 exchange with Teotihuacan. 162, 163 mummy bundles, 131, 136, 141, 172 See Teotihuacan Mazatán region, 32, 33, 35, 106, 121–22 Museo Popol Vuh standing potbelly, 85 geography of, 29 McAnany, Patricia, 114, 133, 137, 148, 149, Fig. 4.37a, 85 in Early Preclassic, 32 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 176 mushroom stones, 5, 100, 129, 164, 167 in Late Preclassic, 42 McDonald, Andrew, 39 with potbelly attributes, 100 in Middle Preclassic, 35 Medellín Zenil, Alfonso, 98 Fig. 4.55, 100 relationship to Olmec and Maya cultures, Medrano, Sonia, 126 with potbelly attributes, 129 12, 18, 19, 20 memory, and associations with ancestry and sculpture on the, 28–53 elite status, 156–60 Naranjo (Guatemala), 38, 103 Palangana, 123, 142 Mesa Redonda, 17, 18, 24 figurines at, 103, 106, 107, 156 Panofsky, Erwin, 22 Mezcala, 80 Fig. 5.4, 107 Paredes, Federico, 82, 85

Index 231

Parsons, Lee Allen, 12, 20, 24, 32, 40, 55, issues with regards to sculpture, 13, 14, Fig. 4.21b, 74 56, 57, 66, 74, 75, 78, 110, 127 101–20, 160, See also sculpture Monument 5, 70 Pasaco Pueblo Viejo Quen Santo, 167 Fig. 4.21c, 74 Monument 1, 64, 67, 100, 165 pursed lips, 63, 67, 75, 81, 88, 90, 92, 95, Monument 6, 70 Fig. 4.13a, 70 97, 107, 108, 123, 132, 133, 137, Fig. 4.21d, 74 Monument 2, 67, 132 138, 139, 140, 143, 166, 168, 171 Santa Leticia, 24, 52, 56, 71, 85, 86, 111, Fig. 4.13b, 70 and associations with breath, sound, and 135, 136 Monument 3, 67, 165 vitality, 108, 131, 133–34 Monument 1, 56, 85 Fig. 4.13c, 70 Pye, Mary, 25, 31, 32, 35, 39, 46, 51, 52, 107 Fig. 4.38a, 86 Paso de la Amada, 32, 33 Monument 2, 56, 85 pedestal sculptures, 50–51, 86, 131, quatrefoil, 42, 53, 104, 114, 115, 116 Fig. 4.38b, 86 145, 146 Quenon, Michel, 171 Monument 3, 56, 85 Fig. 8.1, 146 Quetzalcoatl, 138 Fig. 4.38c, 86 Piedra Parada, 38 Monument 4, 85 Pijijiapan, 38 rain gods, 37, 44, 47, 52, 58, 85, 99, Monument 5, 85 Piña Chan, Román, 54 See also Chahk radiocarbon dates from, 24, 56 Playa de los Muertos, 103, 168 Rapoport, Amos, 144 Santana Sandoval, Andrés, 87 Plunket, Patricia, 114, 116–17, 118, 140 Rattray, Evelyn, 143 Schapiro, Meyer, 27 Pohl, Mary, 107 Redfield, Robert, 114 Schieber de Lavarreda, Christa, 24, 31, 32, Polvaredas potbelly, 98, 99, 174 Reese-Taylor, Kathryn, 172 45, 68, 136, 141 Fig. 4.52a, 98 Reilly, Kent, 25, 34, 35 Schortman, Edward, 144, 153, 154 Pool, Christopher, 135 Remojadas region, 98 Scott, John, 12, 24, 56, 57, 67, 98, 100, Popenoe de Hatch, Marion, 12, 24, 25, 31, Reynosa, 38 131, 135, 138 36, 48, 55, 57, 62, 126, 128, 130 Richardson, Francis B., 12, 18, 54, 85 Scott, Sue, 76, 78, 79, 125, 126, 138, Popol Vuh, 17, 156 Ringle, William, 153, 174 142, 171 potbelly sculpture, 6, 132, 164 Río Balsas delta region, 166, 168 sculpture as ancestors, 13, 131–43, 160 Río Jesús region, 46 and audiences, 44, 101 associated with altar, 82, 96 Río Pesquero, 35 forms and roles in Mesoamerica, 1, 2, 20, and calendrical or hieroglyphic motifs, ritual combat, 76, 78, 92, 128, 139 21, 25, 26, 37, 44, 144, 145–47 95, 99 Robb, John E., 161 and issues of scale, 1, 111, 119 and corpulence. See corpulence Robinson, Eugenia, 38, 50 and performance, 13, 35, 53, 99, 131, crossed arms on, 93 Rodas, Sergio, 12, 57, 65, 67, 75, 81 137–39, 155 dating of, 6, 12–13, 17, 18, 20, 54–57 Rome, 159 relationship to public vs. private space, 1, distribution of, 12, 13, 24, 26, 32, Rosenswig, Robert, 36, 42, 99, 105, 112 2, 111, See also public vs. private space 57–100, See also distribution of Royce, Anya, 144 stylistic parameters of, 26 potbelly sculpture Rust, William, 94 and social identity/social processes/social and domestic ritual, 139–41, 144, 160 roles, 5, 10–11, 13–14, 19, 25, 27, early publications concerning, 16–17 Sahagún, Bernardino de, 132 52, 117, 119, 122, 160 facial characteristics as diagnostic, 7–8, 54, San Andrés, 107 Seibal, 139 58, 63, 148 San Antonio, Suchitepéquez potbelly Séjourné, Laurette, 133, 138 and issues of gender, 87, 88, 156–60 sculptures, 82 Severy, Beth, 159 and lack of hieroglyphic writing, 10, 53 Fig. 4.35, 83 Sharer, Robert, 52, 87, 147 methodological issues and challenges, San Antonio La Gomera Monument 1, 65 Shook, Edwin, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 42, 46, 9–10 Fig. 4.9d, 67 48, 55, 62, 65, 75, 104, 142 and political alliances or boundaries, San Bartolo, 15, 44, 84 Silva Rhoads, Carlos, 93 152–55 potbelly, 15, 90, 94, 138 Sin Cabezas, 45, 122, 170 relationship to other sculptural forms, 13, Fig. 4.36d, 84 Monument 1, 122 20, 32, 53, 79–81, 86, 100, 122, 151 San José Mogote, 103, 132 Monument 2, 122 and relationship to Teotihuacan/Fat God, San Juan Sacatepéquez Monument 1, 81, Monument 3, 122 121–30 89, 107 Sinopoli, Carla, 159 re-use through time, 10, 54, 55, 75 Fig. 4.33a, 82 sitz’ winik, 127, 138, 139, 141, 143, 175 and social identity, 160 San Lorenzo, 1, 19, 23, 33, 34, 37, 39, 94, Fig. 6.6a, 128 stylistic relationship to Olmec sculpture, 122, 135, 149 Smith, Adam, 154 18, 20, 24, 45, 54, 55, 56 Monument 52, 172 Smith, Michael E., 114, 159 turtle carapace-shaped medalions on. Monument 61, social identity. See sculpture, and social See turtle carapace-shaped medallions Fig. 3.4a, 34 identity/social processes/social roles veneration of, 84 Monument 130, 165 social inequality or stratification, 32, 41 with beards or masks, 98, 99 Monument 132, 93 Soconusco region, 29, 32, 127 private collection peg sculpture potbelly, San Martín Pajapán, 35 sound, emanation of and significance, 13, 85 San Miguel Amantla figurines, 76, 92 131, See also whistles and whistling Fig. 4.37b, 85 Fig. 4.45b, 91 Squier, Robert, 81 Proskouriakoff, Tatiana, 13, 19, 20, 21, San Miguel, Tabasco, 84, 94, 138, 173 states, 43, 101, 118 125, 131 colossal head, 90 and relationship to lineage formation and public ritual San Sebastián, 70 social identity, 152–55 increase of during Late Preclassic, 101, Monument 3, 70 rise of and relationship to potbelly 109–10, 146 Fig. 4.21a, 74 sculpture, 12, 28, 53, 147 public vs. private space, 32, 111–15, 159–60 Monument 4, 70 vs. complex chiefdoms, 41

232 Index

stela(e), 35, 57, 117 potbelly sculpture at, 24, 45, 165, 171 Tonalá Casa Cultural potbelly, 92 plain, 35, 38, 46, 48, 49, 64, 145, 163 Stela 5, 45 Fig. 4.47c, 93 Stirling, Matthew, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26, 44, 94, 97 Fig. 3.2, 30 Tlapacoya, 20 stone spheres, 165 Stela 50, 68 figurine, 92, 139 Stone, Andrea, 156 stone sphere with face, 75 Fig. 4.45a, 91 Storey, Rebecca, 133 Structure 7A, 45, 68, 136 Tlatilco, 20, 128, 129, 138 Stuart, David, 135, 137, 138 Structure 7B, 141 Fig. 6.6b, 128 Stuart, Gene, 20 Tapalshucut Norte potbelly, 86, 166 Tlaxcala, 75 Stuart, George, 20, 63 Fig. 4.39b, 86 Escultura asexuada, 88 Switsur, Roy, 56 Tate, Carolyn, 33, 34, 135 Fig. 4.41b, 88 Taube, Karl, 25, 76, 90, 94, 99, 125, 127, 132, Escultura femenina, 88 Tajumulco, 93 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 173 Fig. 4.41a, 88 Sculpture K, 81 Taube, Rhonda, 125 Tomaltepec, 132 Sculpture L, 81 Tedlock, Dennis, 156 Tonalá, 45, 46, 94 Fig. 4.32a, 82 Tejeda, Antonio, 81 Casa Cultural potbelly sculptures, 95 Takalik Abaj, 17, 18, 22, 24, 30, 31, 35–38, Teopán Island potbelly, 86, 88, 136 Fig. 4.50c and d, 96 42, 44–45, 46, 49, 53, 57, 66, 68, Teopantecuanitlan, 164 Cerro Bernal potbelly, 95 70, 85, 97, 109, 126, 129, 135, 140, potbelly, 64, 95, 99–100 Fig. 4.50b, 96 143, 145, 151, 154, 157 Fig. 4.54, 99 monument with standing figure, 92 Miscellaneous Sculpture 399, 68, 142 Teotihuacan, 140, 166, 168, 170, 171 Fig. 4.46b, 91 Fig. 4.17b, 72 braziers at, 125 Tozzer, Alfred, 138 Miscellaneous Sculpture 400, 68, 142 candelero, 133, 140–41 Traxler, Loa, 147 Fig. 4.17c, 72 Fig. 7.3a, 134 Tres Zapotes, 15, 18, 39, 54, 135, 162, 164 Monument 1, 37, 39 exchange with Pacific slope, 126–27, 128 Monument F, 85, 97 Fig. 3.6, 37 Fat God imagery at, 138, 139, 141, 142, Monument L, 18, 97 Monument 2, 68, 69, 136 143, 171 Fig. 2.2, 19 Fig. 4.15a, 71 Fig. 6.3, 124 Triadan, Daniela, 126, 138 Monument 3, 68 Xipe or bowling ball featured figurines at, turtle carapace-shaped medallions, 138, 166, Fig. 4.15b, 71 76–81, 90, 92, 166 173 Monument 12, 68 Fig. 4.30b, 80 on San Bartolo potbelly, 84 Fig. 4.16a, 71 Termer, Franz, 16 on Tiltepec monuments, 90, 94 Monument 14, 37 Tetelpan, 129 Tuxtla Statuette, 99 Monument 16/17, 37 Tetimpa, 116–17, 118, 120, 141, 170 Tway, Maria, 107 Monument 25, 40 shrine stone with puffed cheeks Tzeltal Maya, 133 Monument 33, 70 Fig. 5.11, 117 Tzotzil Maya, 155, 156 Monument 40, 68, 70, 165 Thompson, J. Eric S., 17, 18, 68 Tzutzuculi, 39, 53, 94 Fig. 4.15c, 71 Tikal, 83, 84, 137, 143, 171 Monument 10, 92 Monument 41, 68 Burial 85, 83, 142 Fig. 4.46a, 91 Fig. 4.16b, 71 Grupo Santa Fe Miscellaneous Stone 167, Tzuy, 43 Monument 46, 68 83, 84, 142 Fig. 4.16c, 71 Fig. 4.36b, 84 Uaxactun, 171 Monument 50 Miscellaneous Stone 82, 83, 142 figurines at, 107, 168 Fig. 2.4, 23 Fig. 4.36a, 84 Fig. 5.7b, 109 Monument 58, 68, 75, 141–42, 165 North Acropolis, 83, 142 whistles at, 107 Fig. 2.4, 23 Tilley, Christopher, 152 Ujuxte (Santa Rosa), 49 Fig. 4.17a, 72 Tiltepec, 29, 38, 39, 81, 84, 88, 93, 94, 95, Ulúa Valley, Honduras, 92 Monument 64, 37, 53 97, 98, 132, 134, 138, 139, 173 Urban, Patricia, 153, 154 Monument 69, 68 Monument 1, 88, 92, 95 Urías, 38, 64 Fig. 4.18a, 72 Fig. 4.42a, 89 Uruñuela, Gabriela, 116–17, 118, 140 Monument 94, 69, 136 Monument 23, 89, 107 Utatlán Monument 1, 82 Fig. 4.18b, 72 Fig. 4.42b, 89 Fig. 4.33d, 82 Monument 99, 70, 129 Monument 24, 89 Fig. 4.20b, 73 Fig. 4.43a, 89 Vaillant, George, 15, 17, 19 Monument 100, 69, 71, 136 Monument 25, 90 Valley of Mexico figurines. Fig. 4.19a, 73 Fig. 4.43b, 89 See Teotihuacan Monument 107, 69, 71, 136 Monument 26, 90, 94 Valley of Oaxaca, 20, 24 Fig. 4.19b, 73 Fig. 4.44a, 90 Van Dyke, Ruth, 159 Monument 109, 69, 71 Fig. 7.3c, 134 Veracruz City potbelly, 98 Fig. 4.19c, 73 Monument 27, 90, 92, 94 Virginia, 38 Monument 113, 69 Fig. 4.44b, 90 Vogt, Evon, 133, 138, 155, 156 Fig. 4.20a, 73 Monument 28, 92 von Humboldt, Alexander, 15, 26 Monument 179, 69 Fig. 4.47a, 93 von Winning, Hasso, 76, 125, 129 Fig. 4.18c, 72 Monument 33, 92 Monument 215/217, 70, 136, 141, 149, Fig. 4.47b, 93 Walker, William, 11 172 Monument 34, 92 Watanabe, John, 133, 152, 155, 156 Monument 312 Fig. 4.48, 93 water god(s). See rain gods Fig. 4.29a, 79 potbelly sculpture at, 45 Webster, David, 115

Index 233

Weller, Errin, 170 Xaltocan, 15 Yaeger, Jason, 153 West Mexico, 138, 142, 161 Xipe featured figurines.See Teotihuacan Yaxchilan Lintel 9, 133 whistles and whistling, 13, 107, 108, Xoc relief, 35, 53 Yoffee, Norman, 28 111, 126, 134, 138, 139, Fig. 3.5b, 36 169, 173 Xochipala, 80, 129 Zapotec, 19, 174, 176 Willey, Gordon, 10, 22, 129, 139 Xochipilli, 138 Zazacatla, 2 Winter, Marcus, 52, 176 Xochitécatl, Tlaxcala monument, 75, Zender, Marc, 76, 139, 172 Wu, Hung, 159 88, 136 Zinacantan, 138, 155, 156