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Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 97. NUMBER 1 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION-HARVARD UNIVERSITY ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO NORTHWESTERN HONDURAS, 1936 (With 16 Plates) BY WILLIAM DUNCAN STRONG Anthropologist, Bureau of American Ethnology ALFRED KIDDER II Peabody Museum, Harvard University AND A. J. DREXEL PAUL, JR. Peabody Museum, Harvard University (Publication 344S) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JANUARY 17, 1938 ^'ytk w •, bo a. -x: tn>: .S U I- rt y ll < t^ z in tn LJ u IT Q. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 97, NUMBER 1 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION-HARVARD UNIVERSITY ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO NORTHWESTERN HONDURAS, 1936 (With 16 Plates) BY WILLIAM DUNCAN STRONG Anthropologist, Bureau of American Ethnology ALFRED KIDDER II Peabody Museum, Harvard University AND A. J. DREXEL PAUL, JR. Peabody Museum, Harvard University (PUBLICATIOK 3445) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JANUARY 17, 1938 BALTIMORE, UD., U. B, A. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction i Brief geographic setting 2 Ethnic and linguistic background 8 Early historic contacts in northwestern Honduras 19 Archeological explorations 27 Chamelecon River 27 Naco 27 Las Vegas 34 Tres Piedras 35 Other sites 2>7 Ulua and Comayagua Rivers 39 Las Flores Bolsa 39 Santa Rita (farm 17 ) 45 Playa de los Muertos (farm 11) 62 Other sites 76 North end of Lake Yojoa 76 Aguacate and Aguatal 80 La Ceiba 90 Site I 91 Site 2 94 Site 3 99 Causeway and " canal " near Jaral 100 Pyramids and stone statues near Los Naranjos 102 Excavations on the northern border of Los Naranjos 105 The older horizon at Los Naranjos iii Other sites 115 Summary and tentative conclusions 118 Literature cited 125 Explanation of plates 127 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PAGE 1. (Frontispiece) Processional figures on a Yojoa Polychrome vase of Mayoid type, site 2, La Ceiba title 2. Various Chamelecon and Ulua River sites 130 3. Naco sherds 4. Naco sherds and artifacts 5. Upper Ulua Polychrome pottery types, Las Flores 6. Upper Ulua Polychrome pottery types. Las Flores 7. Ulua Polychrome, Bold Geometric pottery types, Santa Rita and Naranjo Chino 8. Ulua Polychrome, Mayoid pottery types, Santa Rita 9. Ulua Bichrome sherds, from deepest level at Santa Rita ID. Playa de los Muertos Bichrome sherds 1 1. Playa de los Muertos Bichrome sherds and figurines 12. Yojoa Polychrome vessels, Mayoid types 13. Yojoa Polychrome vessels. Bold Animalistic and other types 14. Yojoa Polychrome vessels. Bold Animalistic and other types 15. Early ceramic types at Lake Yojoa 16. Los Naranjos, Lake Yojoa TEXT FIGURES PAGE 1. Map of northwestern Honduras 4 2. Map of the region around Naco 7 3. Sketch map of the ruins of Naco 30 4. North wall of cross-section trench through mound 3, Naco 31 5. Map of the lower Ulua and Chamelecon Rivers 40 6. West wall of excavation i, Santa Rita (farm 17) 47 " 7. Hollow figurines, whistles, and candelario ", from the Ulua Poly- chrome period, Santa Rita (farm 17) 52 8. Ulua Polychrome, Bold Geometric tripod dish, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) 54 9. Unusual Ulua Polychrome, Bold Geometric dish, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) 55 10. Ulua Polychrome, Bold Geometric bowl, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) • • • • 56 1 1. Ulua Polychrome bowl, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) 57 12. Ulua Polychrome bowl, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) 58 13. Ulua Polychrome, Mayoid vase, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) • • 59 14. Inside design from Ulua Polychrome, Lower Mayoid vases (pi. 8, a, b), excavation i, Santa Rita (farm 17) 60 61 15. Ulua Polychrome Bowl, excavation 2, Santa Rita (farm 17) 16. North wall of excavation i, showing stratification, Playa de los Muertos (farm 11) 64 . No. I ILLUSTRATIONS V PAGE 17. Outlines of vessels of the Playa de los Muertos culture obtained by Dorothy H. Popenoe /O 18. Outlines of vessels of the Playa de los Muertos culture obtained by Dorothy H. Popenoe /i 19. Polychrome vase of Ulua Lower Mayoid type 77 20. Sketch map of archeological sites around the north end of Lake Yojoa. 78 21. Yojoa Polychrome bowl, Bold Animalistic type, Aguacate 82 22. Yojoa Polychrome pot. Bold Animalistic type, Aguatal 84 23. Yojoa Polychrome bowl, Bold Animalistic type, Aguacate 85 24. Yojoa Polychrome tripod dish. Bold Animalistic type, Aguacate 86 25. Yojoa Polychrome bowl, Bold Animalistic type, Aguacate 86 26. Outline of Yojoa Polychrome pot showing " vestigial " spout, Aguacate. 87 27. Yojoa Polychrome cooking pot, Aguatal 88 28. Yojoa Polychrome bowl, Mayoid type, Aguacate 89 29. Yojoa Polychrome bowl, Mayoid (?) type, Aguacate. 90 30. Yojoa Polychrome vase, Mayoid type, Aguacate 91 31. Cross-section of west wall, site i, Los Naranjos, showing house floor, burial, and superimposed cultural horizons 107 32. Cross-section of excavation A, near site i, Los Naranjos, showing stratified cultural horizons 113 ; PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION-HARVARD UNIVERSITY ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO NORTHWESTERN HONDURAS, 1936 By WILLIAM DUNCAN STRONG Anthropologist, Bureau of American Ethnology; ALFRED KIDDER, II Peabody Museum, Harvard University AND A. J. DREXEL PAUL, JR. Peabody Museum, Harz<ard University INTRODUCTION The present paper presents in tentative and outline form certain major results of the Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University Archeological Expedition to northwestern Honduras in 1936. The ex- pedition personnel included the senior author as leader and represen- tative of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, and the two other authors as representatives of the Peabody Museum of Harvard University. Mrs. Strong and Mrs. Kidder accompanied the expedition in the field and performed invaluable services in cata- loging and caring for the collections. The purpose of the expedition was twofold : to extend the work carried on by the Smithsonian Insti- tution in northeastern Honduras in 1933, and to follow up earlier work on the Ulua River so successfully inaugurated, under the auspices of the Peabody Museum, by George Byron Gordon and by Mrs. Dorothy Hughes Popenoe. The discoveries of Mrs. Popenoe at Playa de los Muertos in 1928 and 1929 opened new vistas in Honduras archeology, and her untimely death was a sad blow to science and to all who were" fortunate enough to know her. In a sense our work was merely a con- tinuation of that which she had so ably begun. The original suggestion for the present expedition came from Dr. Wilson Popenoe, and it was due to him that the successful cooperative effort was launched and completed. The expedition received cordial support from the government of the Republic of Honduras, and our warmest thanks are extended to the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 97, No. 1 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 97 officials in Tegucigalpa and elsewhere who not only furthered the cause of science but put us deeply in their debt for many personal courtesies. Similarly, the officials of the United Fruit Company, both in the United States and in Honduras, furnished very material aid in ways too numerous to mention. Without this generous assistance our results would have been tremendously curtailed. Considerations of space prevent listing the many people who aided us in our work, but we cannot forbear mentioning Mr. Walter S. Turnbull, and Mr. Regi- nald Hamer. To them and to many other persons in Honduras we are deeply grateful. Later, in the final report, it will be possible to acknowledge more adequately our appreciation of the many cour- tesies, both official and personal, which we received on every hand. Our choice of this particular area for excavation was based on numerous geographic, historic, ethnographic, and archeological con- siderations. For this reason we have devoted considerable space to these important factors. Viewed against this background, it is hoped that a condensed account of our excavations may have value. In due course a final report will be prepared by the senior author for publi- cation by the Peabody Museum. As this may not appear for some time, it seems advisable to make our major results available without undue delay. Most of this important area still awaits adequate exca- vation, and it is our hope that these notes and sketch maps may be of value to future scientific explorers and excavators. BRIEF GEOGRAPHIC SETTING The general area covered by this report includes the eastern por- tion of the Department of Cortes, the western border of the Depart- ment of Yoro, and certain places on the eastern border of the De- partment of Santa Barbara, all within the Republic of Honduras." From the archeological standpoint, however, modern political boundaries are of minor importance compared to factors of terrain and drainage, which conditioned aboriginal human occupation no less than they do that of the present inhabitants. Of primary importance 'See map, fig. i. The best general maps of Honduras at present are the " Carta General de la Republica de Honduras, America Central, of the Pan- American Institute of Geography and History, 1933 ", and the " Mapa General de la Republica de Honduras, Levantado por el Prof. Jesus Aguilar Paz, 1933." These maps are far superior to any of their predecessors. Many contradictions still exist, however, owing to the present inadequacy of cartographic exploration in much of Honduras. The present map (fig. i) is primarily based on that of Dr. Paz. NO. I HONDURAS STRONG, KIDDER, AND PAUL 3 is the fact that at this point occurs one of the easiest passages across the Central American Isthmus from Tehauntepec to Panama." From the mouth of the Ulua River, where it enters the Gulf of Honduras, a series of elevated valleys extend up the Rio Blanco to Lake Yojoa, over the plateau of Siguatepeque, across the Plains of Comayagua, and down the valley of the Goascaran River into the Gulf of Fonseca and the Pacific.
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