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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47899-1 — Human Figuration and Fragmentation in Preclassic Mesoamerica Julia Guernsey Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47899-1 — Human Figuration and Fragmentation in Preclassic Mesoamerica Julia Guernsey Index More Information Index Note: Page entries in italics refer to illustrations. absence, representational, 48, 66, 148–149 bench figures, 153, 154, 155, 157, 163 Monument 2, 42–43 Achaemenid palace reliefs, 158 Benjamin, Walter, 85 Monument 16, 34 adornment, personal, 49, 54, 60, 79–80, Berdan, Frances, 100 Monument 17, 33,34 127–128 Bilbao. See Cotzumalguapa Monument 21, 33, 33 Afanador-Pujol, Angélica, 62 Blackman Eddy, Belize, 56, 82 Water Dancing Group (Monuments 11, 8, Aguateca, 83 Blomster, Jeffrey, 45, 48, 52–53, 60, 65, 14, 15, 6, and 7), 32, 32,42 Ajú Álvarez, Gloria, 121 95–96, 101, 121–122 Chalchuapa, 102 Aldana, Gerardo, 130 Boggs, Stanley, 39 figurines at, 82, 121 Altar de Sacrificios, 119 Borgia Codex, 129 sculpture at, 146 Alvaro Obregón sculpture, 23–24 Borhegyi, Stephan de, 152 Monument 12, 38,39 ancestors and lineage formation, 52, 72, 137, Borić,Dušan, 77 Chapman, John, 96, 104 149–150 Bourdieu, Pierre, 16, 62, 123 Cheetham, David, 49–50, 56, 59 Angulo, Jorge, 32, 34, 43 Bove, Frederick, 119 Chesson, Meredith, 45 animal spirit companion. See human–animal Braakhuis, H. E. M., 88, 92, 128 Chiapa de Corzo, 54, 130 relationship Bradley, Richard, 129 figurines at, 57–58, 93 animals, representation of breath and vocalization Chichén Itzá, 103 birds, 30, 51, 74, 76,77 in iconography of animals, 72–74 Chilam Balam book of Maní, 89 coatimundi, 148, 152 mouths as site of, 19, 40, 62–63, 70–72, Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 88 dogs, 30, 76,77 73–74 China, 132, 134 felines, 76, 80, 81 Brittain, Marcus, 104, 106 Chinchilla, Oswaldo, 103, 110 on pedestal sculpture, 150–152, 154, 156 Bronson, Bennet, 134 Chocolá, Monument 1, 89, 91 on pottery, 77–79 Broom, Donald, 165 Christenson, Allen, 91, 100, 108, 129 serpents, 30 Brown, M. -
Polychrome: Qualitative Palettes with Many Colors
Package ‘Polychrome’ July 16, 2021 Title Qualitative Palettes with Many Colors Version 1.3.1 Date 2021-07-16 Author Kevin R. Coombes, Guy Brock Description Tools for creating, viewing, and assessing qualitative palettes with many (20-30 or more) colors. See Coombes and colleagues (2019) <doi:10.18637/jss.v090.c01>. Maintainer Kevin R. Coombes <[email protected]> Depends R (>= 3.5.0) Imports colorspace, scatterplot3d, methods, graphics, grDevices, stats, utils Suggests RColorBrewer, knitr, rmarkdown, ggplot2 License Apache License (== 2.0) LazyLoad yes LazyData no URL http://oompa.r-forge.r-project.org/ VignetteBuilder knitr NeedsCompilation no Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2021-07-16 15:20:02 UTC R topics documented: alphabet . .2 colorDeficit . .3 colorsafe . .4 createPalette . .5 Dark24 . .6 distances . .7 getLUV . .8 1 2 alphabet glasbey . .9 invertColors . 10 iscc ............................................. 11 isccNames . 12 memberPlot . 13 palette.viewers . 14 palette36 . 16 palettes . 16 sky-colors . 18 sortByHue . 19 Index 21 alphabet A 26-Color Palette Description A palette composed of 26 distinctive colors with names corresponding to letters of the alphabet. Usage data(alphabet) Format A character string of length 26. Details A character vector containing hexadecimal color representations of 26 distinctive colors that are well separated in the CIE L*u*v* color space. Source The color palette was generated using the createPalette function with three seed colors: ebony ("#5A5156"), iron ("#E4E1E3"), and red ("#F6222E"). The colors were then manually assigned names begining with different letters of the English alphabet. See Also createPalette Examples data(alphabet) alphabet colorDeficit 3 colorDeficit Converting Colors to Illustrate Color Deficient Vision Description Function to convert any palette to one that illustrates how it would appear to a person with a color deficit. -
TRIFINIO: Transboundary Aquifer Systems in the Upper Lempa River Basin, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, in Central America
International Conference “Transboundary Aquifers: Challenges and New Directions”(ISARM2010) TRIFINIO: Transboundary Aquifer Systems in the Upper Lempa River Basin, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, in Central America Mario Samuel Buch1 ; José Mario Guevara2 (1) GTZ-German Technical Cooperation, and Trinacional Commission for the Trifinio Plan, Esquipulas, Guatemala. email: [email protected] (2) National Executive Direction for the Trifinio Plan of El Salvador. email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Trinacional Commission for the Trifinio Plan is managed by the respective national deputy presidents and works under the slogan ‘Water without borders’, recognizing the importance of water resources for these three countries. This study includes homogenization of existing geological descriptions of different geological units in the Trifinio region. Physical and chemical parameters were measured in the field for about 140 samples. Geoelectrical campaigns were carried out in selected areas to reveal information about the location and hydraulical properties of the principal aquifers. Thus, the first hydrogeological map of the Trifinio region was generated with a scale of 1:100 000. The preliminary results have shown the chemical and isotopic similarities between most surface waters and groundwaters, suggesting both a fast dynamic for most systems and the relevance of local sources of recharge. The precipitation presents a high temporal variation in deuterium (-105.60 ‰ ≤ δ2H 21.66 ‰) and oxygen-18 (-14.76 ‰ ≤ δ18O ≤ 1.37 ‰), due to the combined effects of amount and altitude. Also, a strong seasonally effect can be found. Tritium was determined in 29 samples from wells, springs, rivers and lakes from El Salvador. Observed maximum activity was of 2.09 UT and a minimum of 0.00 UT. -
List of Rivers of Honduras
Sl.No River Name Draining Into Comments 1 Negro River Caribbean Sea Borders Nicaragua. (Central America) 2 Coco River (Segovia River) Caribbean Sea Borders Nicaragua. 3 Cruta River Caribbean Sea 4 Nakunta River Caribbean Sea 5 Mocorón River Caribbean Sea 6 Warunta River Caribbean Sea 7 Patuca River Caribbean Sea is the largest in Honduras and the second largest in Central America. 8 Wampú River Caribbean Sea 9 Río Gualcarque Caribbean Sea 10 Guayambre River Caribbean Sea 11 Guayape River Caribbean Sea 12 Tinto River Caribbean Sea 13 Talgua River Caribbean Sea 14 Telica River Caribbean Sea 15 Jalan River Caribbean Sea 16 Sigre River Caribbean Sea 17 Plátano River Caribbean Sea 18 Río Sico Tinto Negro (Tinto River) Caribbean Sea 19 Sico River Caribbean Sea 20 Paulaya River Caribbean Sea 21 Aguán River Caribbean Sea 22 Yaguala River (Mangulile River) Caribbean Sea 23 Papaloteca River Caribbean Sea 24 Cangrejal River Caribbean Sea 25 Danto River Caribbean Sea 26 Cuero River Caribbean Sea 27 Leán River Caribbean Sea 28 Tela River Caribbean Sea 29 Ulúa River Caribbean Sea Is the most important river economically. 30 Humuya River Caribbean Sea 31 Sulaco River Caribbean Sea 32 Blanco River Caribbean Sea 33 Otoro River (Río Grande de Otoro) Caribbean Sea 34 Jicatuyo River Caribbean Sea 35 Higuito River Caribbean Sea 36 Chamelecón River Caribbean Sea 37 Motagua River Caribbean Sea 38 Choluteca River Pacific Ocean 39 Goascorán River Pacific Ocean Divides El Salvador from Honduras. 40 Guarajambala River Pacific Ocean 41 Lempa River Pacific Ocean 42 Mocal River Pacific Ocean 43 Nacaome River Pacific Ocean 44 Petacon River Pacific Ocean 45 Azacualpa River Pacific Ocean 46 De la Sonta River Pacific Ocean 47 Negro River Pacific Ocean 48 Sumpul River Pacific Ocean 49 Torola River Pacific Ocean For more information kindly visit : www.downloadexcelfiles.com www.downloadexcelfiles.com. -
Upper Lempa River Basin Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador
UPPER LEMPA RIVER BASIN GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR Raul Artiga Secretariat of Territorial Development and Decentralisation. El Salvador. Context of the Transboundary Water Cooperation process. The upper Lempa River is in the region of Trifinio in the border triangle where Guatemala , Honduras and El Salvador converge . The total area of the river basin is approximately 18,240 km2 56 % are in El Salvador ; 30 % in Honduras ; and 14% in Guatemala . The upper Lempa River , with an area of 3618.50 km2 and an estimated population of 350.065 inhabitants Municipalities Map Mancomunidad Río Lempa (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras) Area Plan Trifinio UPPER LEMPA RIVER BASIN • Establishment of 2 mechanisms institutionalized for the management of the territory. The Trifinio Plan and the Mancomunidad of municipalities of the Lempa River. • The first co-ordinated by the Vice-Presidencies of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. The second, composed of around 22 municipalities. • Existence of plans of management and development of the upper basin and protected natural areas, mobilization of international cooperation, establishment of agreements of cooperation and coordination at the inter-agency level of Governments and municipalities. • Establishment and operation of mechanisms for consultation and participation. Promotion of innovative mechanisms of financing for investment in forests and water Benefits- Transboundary Water Cooperation process Economic benefits within basin: Increased forestry activity, increase in availability of water -
Federal Wage System Glossary of Printing Terms for the 4400 Job Family
Glossary of Printing Terms for the 4400 Job Family TS-45 October 1981 Federal Wage System Glossary of Printing Terms for the 4400 Job Family The terms and definitions contained in this glossary are intended to facilitate the application of published job grading standards to occupations in the Printing Family. The glossary does not represent a comprehensive listing of technical terms and processes common to printing occupations. Additional information may be found in dictionaries, and technical publications such as agency guides, trade magazines, and technical manuals. Aluminum Plate. A thin sheet of aluminum used in lithography for some press plates; image applied photographically; used for both surface-type and deep-etch offset plates. Aperture. A small opening in a plate or sheet. In cameras, the aperture is usually variable in the form of an iris diaphragm and regulates the amount of light which passes through the lens. The working aperture is the diameter of that part of the lens actually used. Asphaltum. A bituminous mixture used as an acid resist or protectant in photomechanics. In lithography, used to make printing image on press plate permanently ink-receptive. Autoscreen (Film). A photographic film embodying the halftone screen; exposed to a continuous-tone image, produces a dot pattern automatically just as if a halftone screen had been used in the camera. Backing-Up. Printing the other side, of a printed sheet. Back Pressure. The squeeze pressure between the blanket (offset) cylinder and the impression cylinder; sometimes called "impression pressure." Base Color. A first color used as a background on which other colors are printed. -
The Cases of the Salvadoran Cities of San Salvador and Santa Tecla
Multiple Scenario Interface for Visualizing Urban Structures: The Cases of the Salvadoran Cities of San Salvador and Santa Tecla A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Ana I. Mojica Bonilla March 2009 © 2009 Ana I. Mojica. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Multiple Scenario Interface for Visualizing Urban Structures: The Cases of the Salvadoran Cities of San Salvador and Santa Tecla by ANA I. MOJICA BONILLA has been approved for the Department of Geography and the College of Arts and Sciences by Margaret W. Pearce Assistant Professor of Geography Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT MOJICA BONILLA, ANA I., M.A., March 2009, Geography Multiple Scenario Interface for Visualizing Urban Structures: The Cases of the Salvadoran Cities of San Salvador and Santa Tecla (164 pp.) Director of Thesis: Margaret W. Pearce This thesis analyzes the urban structure development of two Latin American cities through an interactive longitudinal visualization of the Salvadoran cities of San Salvador (the capital of El Salvador) and Santa Tecla. To what extent is a hypothetical model relevant to either of these two cities? How can a longitudinal, interactive visualization assist with an comparative analysis of the relevance of urban expansion models to the development of San Salvador and Santa Tecla? Can such a visualization contribute to the delineation of urban expansion policies for these cities? Archival files and maps were digitized and vectorized to create animated urban evolutions for each city. -
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
Ex post evaluation – El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras Sector: Environmental policy, conservation, sustainable use of natural resources (CRS Code: 41010) Project: Conservation of Tropical Forests and Watershed Management in the Trifinio Region, BMZ No.: 2008 65 493* Implementing agency: Comisión Trinacional del Plan Trifinio Ex post evaluation report: 2018 Planned Actual Investment costs (total) EUR million 16.89 17.20 Counterpart contribution EUR million 4.89 5.60 Funding EUR million 12.00 11.60 of which BMZ budget funds EUR million 12.00 11.60 *) Random sample 2017 Summary: The project supported tropical forest conservation and water catchment area management in the Trifinio Region with EUR 11.6 million. The region is strategically important for the water balance of three large water catchment areas – the Lempa River in El Salvador, the Motagua River in Guatemala and the Ulúa River in Honduras – and is especially affected by the impacts of climate change. The project promoted sustainable management of natural resources in this area through three components: (1) strengthening environmental management in water catchment areas (16% of funds), (2) adapted and sustain- able management of soil, water and vegetation resources (44%) and (3) improving the management of selected protected areas (8%). Project management costs (32%) were predominantly covered by the executing agency. The project executing agency was the tri-national Trifinio Commission (CTPT), a sub-organisation of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Development objectives: The project objective was to enable residents and administrative bodies of the water catchment areas and protected areas to sustainably manage natural resources (outcome) to contribute to preserving the natural re- sources’ economic, ecological and climate-sensitive roles under the conditions of climate change in the Trifinio Region (higher- level objective). -
Descargar Este Artículo En Formato
Urban, Patricia, Edward Schortman y Marne Ausec 2000 ¿Poder sin límites?: Los acontecimientos políticos durante el Preclásico Medio en el valle de Naco, Honduras. En XIII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1999 (editado por J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, B. Arroyo y A.C. de Suasnávar), pp.901-920. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala (versión digital). 67 ¿PODER SIN LÍMITES?: LOS ACONTECIMIENTOS POLÍTICOS DURANTE EL PRECLÁSICO MEDIO EN EL VALLE DE NACO, HONDURAS Patricia Urban Edward Schortman Marne Ausec Este ensayo investiga la naturaleza de la complejidad socio-política en el Preclásico Medio (1100-400 AC) en el valle de Naco, al noroeste de Honduras. "Complejidad" es un concepto que consiste de variables cuyas expresiones universales están relacionadas diferencialmente en circunstancias históricas específicas (Feinman y Neitzel 1984; McGuire 1983; de Montmollin 1989; Nelson 1995; Roscoe 1993). Aquí se examinan tres de estas variables según su importancia general para modelar la complejidad y nuestra habilidad de dirigir ciertos aspectos de las variables con la información que tenemos de Naco. La centralización política se refiere hasta qué punto el poder, o la capacidad para ordenar las acciones de otros se concentra en las manos de una sola facción (Balandier 1970; Roscoe 1993:113- 114; Webster 1990). Esta variable se mide por la presencia, dimensión y número de estructuras monumentales (plataformas que tienen por lo menos 1.50 m de altura) fechadas al Preclásico Medio, que se encuentran en los sitios de Naco. El recurso de este criterio se basa en la suposición que el poder mueve a los trabajadores para levantar las estructuras asociadas con los gobernantes aspirantes y los estados que ellos anhelan gobernar. -
Central America
Zone 1: Central America Martin Künne Ethnologisches Museum Berlin The paper consists of two different sections. The first part has a descriptive character and gives a general impression of Central American rock art. The second part collects all detailed information in tables and registers. I. The first section is organized as follows: 1. Profile of the Zone: environments, culture areas and chronologies 2. Known Sites: modes of iconographic representation and geographic context 3. Chronological sequences and stylistic analyses 4. Documentation and Known Sites: national inventories, systematic documentation and most prominent rock art sites 5. Legislation and institutional frameworks 6. Rock art and indigenous groups 7. Active site management 8. Conclusion II. The second section includes: table 1 Archaeological chronologies table 2 Periods, wares, horizons and traditions table 3 Legislation and National Archaeological Commissions table 4 Rock art sites, National Parks and National Monuments table 5 World Heritage Sites table 6 World Heritage Tentative List (2005) table 7 Indigenous territories including rock art sites appendix: Archaeological regions and rock art Recommended literature References Illustrations 1 Profile of the Zone: environments, culture areas and chronologies: Central America, as treated in this report, runs from Guatemala and Belize in the north-west to Panama in the south-east (the northern Bridge of Tehuantepec and the Yucatan peninsula are described by Mr William Breen Murray in Zone 1: Mexico (including Baja California)). The whole region is characterized by common geomorphologic features, constituting three different natural environments. In the Atlantic east predominates extensive lowlands cut by a multitude of branched rivers. They cover a karstic underground formed by unfolded limestone. -
Martin Künne Y Matthias Strecker INTRODUCCION De Todas Las Manifestaciones Culturales Que Han Dejado Los Indígenas De México
Martin Künne y Matthias Strecker INTRODUCCION De todas las manifestaciones culturales que han dejado los indígenas de México y de América Central, los grabados y pinturas rupestres han recibido la menor atención. Aunque las representaciones rupestres pertenecen a los monumentos arqueológicos más visibles, solo raras veces se las incluyó en investigaciones sistemáticas. Desde los primeros informes y noticias de la mitad del siglo XIX se dejó su documentación a menudo a aficionados e investigadores autodidactas. De la misma manera se nota que tampoco la literatura especializada actual toma en cuenta las representaciones rupestres de la región. A pesar de que el recién editado "Handbook of Rock Art Research" (Whitley 2001) comprende cuatro regiones americanas, faltan completamente Mesoamérica y América Central. Por otro lado podemos constatar que muchas documentaciones e informes sobre el arte rupestre centroamericano han sido parciales y hacen difícil una visión del conjunto. Sus enfoques se limitan normalmente a perspectivas descriptivas. Solamente algunas tienen también carácter analítico (A. Stone 1995). Entre los pocos compendios que mencionan representaciones rupestres de México y de América Central están las publicaciones "Rock Art Studies: News of the World I" (Bahn y Fossati 1996) y "Arte Prehistórico de América" (Schobinger 1997). Nuestro libro tiene carácter bibliográfico. Su propósito es ser una guía para la búsqueda de fuentes de información y ofrecer una introducción al estudio sistemático del arte rupestre en el oriente de México y en Centroamérica; ampliando y actualizando la publicación anterior "Rock Art of East Mexico and Central America" (Strecker 1979). Se dirige tanto a especialistas, estudiantes y aficionados como a propietarios o indígenas quienes asuman el rol de "custodios naturales" de sitios con representaciones rupestres. -
Handbook of South American Indians
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 143 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Julian H. Steward, Editor Volume 4 THE CIRCUM-CARIBBEAN TRIBES Prepared in Cooperation With the United States Department of State as a Project of the Interdepartmental Committee for Scientific and Cultural Cooperation ^s^^mm^w^ UNITED STATES GOVERNMEINT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1948 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. THE ARCHEOLOGY OF HONDURAS By Wm. Duncan Strong INTRODUCTION generally The archeology of Honduras (see map 3) is perhaps even less been known than that of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, since it has never made the subject of a general monograph such as that of Lothrop (1926 b, Honduras has in recent vols. 1, 2). On the other hand, northwestern years been the scene of several careful stratigraphic excavations. Hence, not the all-important factor of relative time and cultural succession is This factor, quite so obscure here as it is in southern Central America. knowl- coupled with the extremely spotty nature of present archeological than edge concerning Honduras, necessitates a less generalized treatment more was possible in Costa Rica and Nicaragua and permits a somewhat southern pre- careful analysis of the nature of certain northern and important historic cultural thrusts as they intermingled along this very borderland between predominantly South American and northern cultures and peoples. arbitrary For purposes of convenience we shall consider three rather partially cul- regions in Honduras. These are partially geographic and the hap- tural in nature, their choice being determined quite as much by factors.