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From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Nan Ma Hartmann All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann This dissertation examines the reception of Chinese language and literature during Tokugawa period Japan, highlighting the importation of vernacular Chinese, the transformation of literary styles, and the translation of narrative fiction. By analyzing the social and linguistic influences of the reception and adaptation of Chinese vernacular fiction, I hope to improve our understanding of genre development and linguistic diversification in early modern Japanese literature. This dissertation historically and linguistically contextualizes the vernacularization movements and adaptations of Chinese texts in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, showing how literary importation and localization were essential stimulants and also a paradigmatic shift that generated new platforms for Japanese literature. Chapter 1 places the early introduction of vernacular Chinese language in its social and cultural contexts, focusing on its route of propagation from the Nagasaki translator community to literati and scholars in Edo, and its elevation from a utilitarian language to an object of literary and political interest. Central figures include Okajima Kazan (1674-1728) and Ogyû Sorai (1666-1728). Chapter 2 continues the discussion of the popularization of vernacular Chinese among elite intellectuals, represented by the Ken’en School of scholars and their Chinese study group, “the Translation Society.” This chapter discusses the methodology of the study of Chinese by surveying a number of primers and dictionaries compiled for reading vernacular Chinese and comparing such material with methodologies for reading classical Chinese. -
Human and Physical Geography of Japan Study Tour 2012 Reports
Five College Center for East Asian Studies National Consortium for Teaching about Asia (NCTA) 2012 Japan Study Tour The Human and Physical Geography of Japan Reports from the Field United States Department of Education Fulbright-Hays Group Project Abroad with additional funding from the Freeman Foundation Five College Center for East Asian Studies 69 Paradise Road, Florence Gilman Pavilion Northampton, MA 01063 The Human and Physical Geography of Japan Reports from the Field In the summer of 2012, twelve educators from across the United States embarked on a four-week journey to Japan with the goal of enriching their classroom curriculum content by learning first-hand about the country. Prior to applying for the study tour, each participant completed a 30-hour National Consortium for Teaching about Asia (NCTA) seminar. Once selected, they all completed an additional 20 hours of pre-departure orientation, including FCCEAS webinars (funded by the US-Japan Foundation; archived webinars are available at www.smith.edu/fcceas), readings, and language podcasts. Under the overarching theme of “Human and Physical Geography of Japan,” the participants’ experience began in Tokyo, then continued in Sapporo, Yokohama, Kamakura, Kyoto, Osaka, Nara, Hiroshima, Miyajima, and finally ended in Naha. Along the way they heard from experts on Ainu culture and burakumin, visited the Tokyo National Museum of History, heard the moving testimony of an A-bomb survivor, toured the restored seat of the Ryukyu Kingdom, and dined on regional delicacies. Each study tour participant was asked to prepare a report on an assigned geography-related topic to be delivered to the group in country and then revised upon their return to the U.S. -
Hardening Alternation in the Mitsukaido Dialect of Japanese
言語研究(Gengo Kenkyu)134: 85–118(2008) 85 Hardening Alternation in the Mitsukaido Dialect of Japanese Kan Sasaki Sapporo Gakuin University Abstract: Th e Mitsukaido dialect of Japanese has a phenomenon in which a stem-initial fricative turns into a stop (or an aff ricate) when the stem is the second member of a compound. Th is hardening alternation results from opaque interactions among four phonological processes: sequential voicing, debuccaliza- tion (p→h), continuancy neutralization and consonant devoicing. Consonant devoicing counterfeeds sequential voicing and p→h, and counterbleeds continu- ancy neutralization. Classic Optimality Th eory cannot deal with the phonologi- cal opacity behind the hardening alternation. Stratal OT, a weak parallelist OT extension which incorporates level ordering, provides a solution for this phe- nomenon. Strict parallelist extensions such as Sympathy theory and Candidate Chain theory make the wrong prediction for the hardening alternation.* Key words: devoicing, hardening, Optimality Th eory, phonological opacity, Stratal OT 1. Introduction Th e Mitsukaido dialect of Japanese, spoken in the southwestern part of Ibaraki Prefecture, has a mixed phonological system displaying both Tohoku dialect prop- erties, such as intervocalic voicing and consonant devoicing, and southern Kanto dialect properties, such as lack of prenasal consonants. Its mixed nature is also found in morphosyntactic properties like the presence of the dative/allative case particle -sa peculiar to Tohoku dialects and the absence of productive anticausative voice, as in southern Kanto dialects. Due to this mixed character, the Mitsukaido dialect is often referred to as Kanto no Tohoku-hogen ‘Tohoku dialect spoken in Kanto’. Th e phenomenon I analyze in this paper is the hardening alternation exemplifi ed in (1), a phonological alternation derived from the mixed nature of this dialect. -
Tourism As a Key for Regional Revitalization?: a Quantitative Evaluation of Tourism Zone Development in Japan
sustainability Article Tourism as a Key for Regional Revitalization?: A Quantitative Evaluation of Tourism Zone Development in Japan Hyunjung Kim 1 and Eun Jung Kim 2,* 1 Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-53-580-5247 Abstract: Since the dawn of the 21st century, Japan has switched its national industry strategy from traditional industries—manufacturing and trading—toward tourism. Regional revitalization is a particularly important issue in Japan, and by uniting regions as an integrated tourism zone, the government expects an increase in visits to tourism zones. This study quantitatively evaluates whether the regions that contain a tourism zone experience a significant increase in visitors by using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design. Additionally, it examines the effects of subsidies through regression modeling. The results indicated that the tourism zones that were comprised of a narrow region in the same prefectures experienced a significant increase in visitors. The subsidy on information transmission, measures for the secondary traffic, and space formation had a significant positive impact on the increase in visitors to these tourism zones. Implications on tourism policies, urban and regional development, and community development can be obtained through this study. Keywords: tourism zone development; regional revitalization; tourism nation; Japanese tourism Citation: Kim, H.; Kim, E.J. Tourism policy; tourism policy evaluation; pretest and posttest control group design as a Key for Regional Revitalization?: A Quantitative Evaluation of Tourism Zone Development in Japan. -
Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors Japan
Contents Page 1. Language 1.1 National language・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・2 1.2 The Japanese language・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・2 1.3 Common alphabet・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 3 1.4 Rules for spelling Japanese geographical names ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・6 1.4.1 Spelling rules for the romanization of Japanese geographical names・・・・6 1.5 Pronunciation of Japanese geographical names・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・7 1.6 Basic knowledge of Japanese geographical names・・・・・・・・・・・・・・8 2. Committee on the standardization and method of the standardization of geographical names 2.1 Committee on the standardization of geographical names・・・・・・・・・・・8 2.2 The method of the standardization of geographical names・・・・・・・・・・8 3. Source materials 3.1 Maps・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・9 3.2 Gazetteers・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・9 4. Glossary of generic terms necessary for the understanding maps of Japan・・・・・9 5. Administrative divisions・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・11 1. Language 1.1 National language Japan is a unilingual country, and has used Japanese as its official language since its beginning. The northern regions of Japan have been inhabited by a small number of Ainu people who in the past had spoken their own language. They had no letters or characters of their own. Now, Ainu people no longer speak in their aboriginal language, however, a trace of the vanished Ainu language survives in geographical names and epics or "Yûkara" which have been handed down in the oral tradition for generations. Many people speak in their own dialects in Japan, but the standard Japanese language is normally used on official occasions. 1.2 The Japanese language The Japanese language has been spoken by Japanese people since ancient times. Historically, the Japanese language has been largely influenced by the Chinese language adapting many of its characters and its vocabulary. -
The Liquid and Stem-Final Vowel Alternations of Verbs in Ancient Japanese*
言 語 研 究(Gengo Kenkyu)118(2000),5~27 5 The Liquid and Stem-final Vowel Alternations of Verbs in Ancient Japanese* Teruhiro HAYATA (Daitobunka University) Key words: liquid, verb inflection, vowel alternation, regressive assimilation, Ancient Japanese The aim of this paper is to clarify the phonological motivation for the stem-final /i-u/ and /e-u/ alternations of verbs, as well as properties of liquids in Ancient Japanese. I explore the possibility of a connection between the stem-final vowel alternations in verbs and certain proper- ties of liquid consonants. Present-day Japanese, at least the Tookyoo dialect, does not exhibit stem-final /i-u/ and /e-u/ alternations of verbs. Some modern dialects, e.g., those in Kyuushuu, exhibit alternation only in /e/-stem verbs, but not in /i/-stem verbs. This /e-u/ alternation is a relic of Ancient Japanese. There has been only one liquid phoneme in Japanese throughout its history, whose phonetic realization remains an issue for phonologists. 1. Partial paradigms of Ancient Japanese verbs In Ancient Japanese, verbs are divided into consonant-stem verbs and vowel-stem verbs with or without vowel-alternation. Stem-final sylla- bles of vowel-stem verbs are of three types, namely, /Ci1/, /Ci2/ and * An inaugural lecture given in Japanese at Chiba University on June 17, 2000. The original title was "Phonology of r and 1: especially in Ancient Japanese" 6 TeruhiroHAYATA /Ce2/1). Verbs consisting of a monosyllabic stem in the form /Cil/ exhibit no vowel alternation, and will not be treated in this paper. -
Milli Mála 1-218 6/28/11 1:39 PM Page 281
Milli mála 2011_Milli mála 1-218 6/28/11 1:39 PM Page 281 KaOru uMEZaWa unIVErSITY OF ICELanD Transliterating Icelandic names into Japanese Katakana Words an Exploratory Study 1. Introduction ranscribing sounds of one language into another can be prob - Tlematic, especially with languages that use very different alpha - bets and sound systems, such as Japanese and English, or arabic and English. 1 Japanese uses three orthographic systems concurrent - ly; one of them, katakana , is used primarily for transcribing loan words and foreign names. However, katanaka is a syllabary . T his mirrors the Japanese intuition of the sound-shape of words: in seg - mental phonemic terms, Japanese has phonotactic constraints of an entirely different character from Icelandic ones. This difference forms the background to the discussion in this essay. Thus when foreign names are transliterated into Japanese, the sounds are changed phonologically to fit into the Japanese sound system before being transcribed into katakana .2 The national Language Council of Japan has published a series of guidelines for transcribing loan words, recognising at the same time that a tran - scription which follows the original sound too closely may not be ideal. as the Japanese sound system continues to develop, the set of sounds used to transcribe foreign words may tend either towards simplification or the enrichment of the Japanese sound system 1 Kevin Knight and Jonathan graehl, “Machine Transliteration”, Computational Linguistic 24(4)/1998, pp. 599– 612, here p. 599. 2 石井久雄他、 言葉 に関する 問題集―外来語編― 、東京:文化庁 、1997, pp. 18–19. 石綿敏雄、外来語 の総合的研究、東京:東京堂出版、 2001, p. -
Development of World-Class Landscapes/Townscapes of Beauty in Japan Townscape Development and Its Impact in the 47 Prefectures Across Japan
Development of World-Class Landscapes/Townscapes of Beauty in Japan Townscape development and its impact in the 47 prefectures across Japan March 2018 Landscape, History and Cultural Environment Office Parks, Green Spaces and Landscape Division, City Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism There are many beautiful landscapes across Japan. Some were formed through nature, while others were formed as part of people’s lives and livelihoods and are being conserved or restored through efforts made by many, including local citizens, businesses and governments. This document summarizes the beautiful landscapes in the 47 prefectures across Japan, the efforts made to maintain them, as well as the impact of these efforts, such as revitalization of the area and increase in the number of tourists. We hope that this document will support you in various ways by: deepening your understanding on how the landscapes across Japan have become what they are today; inspiring you to visit these towns with the beautiful photos; and serving as a point of reference for development of your own community. 01. Otaru, Hokkaido Creation of a new linear landscape and enhancement of the nightscape in Otaru 02. Hirosaki, Aomori Relocation of historic buildings to highlight Mt. Iwaki 03. Morioka, Iwate Development of tourist attractions using a set of vacant brewery buildings 04. Tome, Miyagi Development featuring the merchant and samurai houses adding character to each townscape 05. Senboku, Akita Landscape development and promotion of tourism in Kakunodate, “the little Kyoto of Michinoku” 06. Yamagata, Yamagata Enrichment and liveliness created through utilization of historic resources in the city center 07. -
Print This Article
Japanese Language and Literature Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Japanese jll.pitt.edu | Vol. 54 | Number 2 | October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2020.94 ISSN 1536-7827 (print) 2326-4586 (online) Symbolic Death and Rebirth into Womanhood: An Analysis of Stepdaughter Narratives from Heian and Medieval Japan Sachi Schmidt-Hori Centuries before the Brothers Grimm published Nursery and Household Tales (1812), “evil stepmother” stories were already commonplace in Japan. For instance, in the “Hotaru” chapter of the eleventh-century masterwork, Genji monogatari 源氏物語 (The tale of Genji, ca. 1000), the eponymous hero grumbles about this to his attendants: There were numerous old tales about evil stepmothers. “How distasteful,” Genji thought. So he carefully selected appropriate stories for his daughter, had the ladies-in-waiting copy those tales, and then attach illustrations to them.1 In this scene, Genji is attempting to protect his young daughter from frightening associations with a stepmother, precisely because she has been raised by one, namely, his “wife” Murasaki. 2 Why do fictional step- mothers tend to be so vicious? And why do “evil stepmother stories” seem so pervasive across time and cultures? The current study intends to provide partial answers to these questions by examining the literary trope of mamako banashi 継子話 (stepchild tales)—rather than “evil stepmother tales”—through the lens of gender, sexuality, and kinship. To this end, in the first half of this essay, I will (1) expand the standard theory that mamako banashi are coming-of-age stories for young women (sometimes young men); (2) challenge the prevalent assumptions that the intra-female mamako ijime 継子虐め (stepchild abuse) can be attributed to external conditions, such as the stepmother’s desire to prioritize her biological children over her stepchild, or, more problematically, to women’s intrinsic dislike of younger females; New articles in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. -
David Bollen Thesis (PDF 1MB)
C English loanwords in the teaching of English in Japan: A case study analysis David Hugh Bollen B.A. (Hons.) - University of Sydney; M.A. - University of New South Wales; RSA CTEFLA - University of Technology, Sydney Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Office of Education Research Faculty of Education Queensland University of Technology 2018 Keywords Activity theory Case study Cultural-historical activity theory English language learning Gairaigo - 外来語 Higher education Japan Language acquisition Language teaching Loanwords Mediation Socio-cultural theory Wasei eigo - 和製英語 The Loanword Phenomenon – Teaching English in Japan i Abstract This study undertakes a socio-cultural approach to examine how the loanword phenomenon has impacted on the Japanese language, and the teaching of English in Japan. The main research question posed is: How do English loanwords contribute to English language teaching in Japan? Following this are three sub- questions: How do Japanese university students perceive and use English loanwords? Why?; How do teachers of English perceive and use loanwords in teaching English to Japanese university students? Why?; and What is the potential of loanwords to enhance English language teaching in Japan? Cultural-historical activity theory is incorporated into the analysis to illustrate how the teaching and learning activity is currently undertaken and the contradictions that arise from this. An examination of how the current activity systems operate involves the study of tools, resources, subjects, and objects of the systems, along, with an investigation of the elements that facilitate or obstruct learning. The central aim of this study is to investigate how use of loanwords, and an understanding of the socio-cultural approach to language teaching, could assist in effective acquisition of English. -
The Japanese Language from an Empirical Perspective Corpus-Based Studies and Studies on Discourse
Irena Srdanović and Andrej Bekeš (eds.) THE JAPANESE LANGUAGE FROM AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE CORPUS-BASED STUDIES AND STUDIES ON DISCOURSE 2019 THE JAPANESE LANGUAGE FROM AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE: CORPUS-BASED STUDIES AND STUDIES ON DISCOURSE Editors: Andrej Bekeš, Irena Srdanović Reviewers: Kristina Hmeljak Sangawa, Terry Joyce, Heiko Narrog, Masaki Ono, Prashant Pardeshi, Vera Sheinman, Darinka Verdonik Proofreading: Krešimir Vunić Layout: Aleš Cimprič Cover photo: Andrej Bekeš To delo je ponujeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 Mednarodna licenca. / This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Published by: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani (Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts) Issued by: Department of Asian Studies For the publisher: Roman Kuhar, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana Printed by: Birografika Bori d. o. o. Ljubljana, 2019 First edition Number of copies printed: 200 Price: 21,90 EUR The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P6-0243(A). The publication was supported by Javna Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije (Slovenian Re- search Agency) First e-edition. Publication is available free of charge on https://e-knjige.ff.uni-lj.si/ DOI: 10.4312/9789610602170 Kataložna zapisa o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani Tiskana knjiga COBISS.SI-ID=288040192 -
LCSH Section O
O, Inspector (Fictitious character) O-erh-kʾun Ho (Mongolia) O.T. Site (Wis.) USE Inspector O (Fictitious character) USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE OT Site (Wis.) O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate O-erh-kʾun River (Mongolia) O-wee-kay-no Indians USE Phosmet USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE Oowekeeno Indians O., Ophelia (Fictitious character) O-erh-to-ssu Basin (China) O-wen-kʻo (Tribe) USE Ophelia O. (Fictitious character) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki (Asian people) O/100 (Bomber) O-erh-to-ssu Desert (China) O-wen-kʻo language USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki language O/400 (Bomber) O family (Not Subd Geog) Ō-yama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) Ó Flannabhra family USE Ōyama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) O and M instructors USE Flannery family O2 Arena (London, England) USE Orientation and mobility instructors O.H. Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) UF North Greenwich Arena (London, England) Ó Briain family UF Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) BT Arenas—England USE O'Brien family Stacy Reservoir (Tex.) O2 Ranch (Tex.) Ó Broin family BT Reservoirs—Texas BT Ranches—Texas USE Burns family O Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) OA (Disease) O.C. Fisher Dam (Tex.) USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine USE Osteoarthritis BT Dams—Texas Hukatere (N.Z.) OA-14 (Amphibian plane) O.C. Fisher Lake (Tex.) O.K. (The English word) USE Grumman Widgeon (Amphibian plane) UF Culbertson Deal Reservoir (Tex.) USE Okay (The English word) Oa language San Angelo Lake (Tex.) O-kee-pa (Religious ceremony) USE Pamoa language San Angelo Reservoir (Tex.) BT Mandan dance Oab Luang National Park (Thailand) BT Lakes—Texas Mandan Indians—Rites and ceremonies USE ʻUtthayān hǣng Chāt ʻŌ̜p Lūang (Thailand) Reservoirs—Texas O.L.