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The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor around Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy Abstract This paper analyses the role of the ethnic factor in political choices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and its impact on democratisa- tion and the implementation of the practice of good governance. This is done by focusing especially on the presidential and legislative elections of 1960 and 2006. The Congolese electorate is known for its ambiguous and paradoxical behaviour. At all times, ethnicity seems to play a determining role in the * Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy is a research fellow at the Centre for Management of Peace, Defence and Security at the University of Kinshasa, where he is a Ph.D. candidate in Conflict Resolution. The key areas of his research are good governance, human security and conflict prevention and resolution in the SADC and Great Lakes regions. He has written a number of articles and publications, including La transition démocratique au Zaïre (1995), L’insécurité à Kinshasa (2004), a joint work, The Many Faces of Human Security (2005), Parties and Political Transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2006), originally in French. He has been a researcher-consultant at the United Nations Information Centre in Kinshasa, the Centre for Defence Studies at the University of Zimbabwe, the Institute of Security Studies, Pretoria, the Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, the Southern African Institute of International Affairs and the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria. The article was translated from French by Dr Marcellin Vidjennagni Zounmenou. 219 Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy choice of leaders and so the politicians, entrusted with leadership, keep on exploiting the same ethnicity for money. -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit -
Boy-Wives and Female Husbands
Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Item Type Book Authors Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will DOI 10.1353/book.83859 Publisher SUNY Press Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 24/09/2021 02:52:38 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://www.sunypress.edu/p-7129-boy-wives-and-female- husbands.aspx Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Boy-Wives and Female Husbands STUDIES IN AFRICAN HOMOSEXUALITIES Edited by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe With a New Foreword by Mark Epprecht Cover image: The Shaman, photographed by Yannis Davy Guibinga. © Yannis Davy Guibinga. Subject: Toshiro Kam. Styling: Tinashe Musara. Makeup: Jess Cohen. The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Murray Hong Family Trust. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1998 Stephen O. Murray, Will Roscoe Printed in the United States of America The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution— Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-ND 4.0), available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Roscoe, Will, editor. | Murray, Stephen O., editor. | Epprecht, Marc, editor. Title: Boy-wives and female husbands : studies in African homosexualities / [edited by] Will Roscoe, Stephen O. Murray, Marc Epprecht. Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020034064 | ISBN 9781438484099 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438484112 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Homosexuality—Africa—History. -
LCSH Section T
T (Computer program language) T cell growth factor T-Mobile G1 (Smartphone) [QA76.73.T] USE Interleukin-2 USE G1 (Smartphone) BT Programming languages (Electronic T-cell leukemia, Adult T-Mobile Park (Seattle, Wash.) computers) USE Adult T-cell leukemia UF Safe, The (Seattle, Wash.) T (The letter) T-cell leukemia virus I, Human Safeco Field (Seattle, Wash.) [Former BT Alphabet USE HTLV-I (Virus) heading] T-1 (Reading locomotive) (Not Subd Geog) T-cell leukemia virus II, Human Safeco Park (Seattle, Wash.) BT Locomotives USE HTLV-II (Virus) The Safe (Seattle, Wash.) T.1 (Torpedo bomber) T-cell leukemia viruses, Human BT Stadiums—Washington (State) USE Sopwith T.1 (Torpedo bomber) USE HTLV (Viruses) t-norms T-6 (Training plane) (Not Subd Geog) T-cell receptor genes USE Triangular norms UF AT-6 (Training plane) BT Genes T One Hundred truck Harvard (Training plane) T cell receptors USE Toyota T100 truck T-6 (Training planes) [Former heading] USE T cells—Receptors T. rex Texan (Training plane) T-cell-replacing factor USE Tyrannosaurus rex BT North American airplanes (Military aircraft) USE Interleukin-5 T-RFLP analysis Training planes T cells USE Terminal restriction fragment length T-6 (Training planes) [QR185.8.T2] polymorphism analysis USE T-6 (Training plane) UF T lymphocytes T. S. Hubbert (Fictitious character) T-18 (Tank) Thymus-dependent cells USE Hubbert, T. S. (Fictitious character) USE MS-1 (Tank) Thymus-dependent lymphocytes T. S. W. Sheridan (Fictitious character) T-18 light tank Thymus-derived cells USE Sheridan, T. S. W. (Fictitious -
A Comparative Grammar of the South African Bantu Language, Comprising Those of Zanzibar, Mozambique, the Zambesi, Kafirland
A COMPARATIYE GRAMMAR OF THE SOUIH-AfRICAN BANIU LANGUAGES f^SlOBi-o.-Klway BOUGHT WITH THE INCO FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT THE GIFT OF m^nv^ M. Sage r89i f 1924 077 077 612 -3j 3^. no paDE^d ajtsJ iHQ\f nosjad ana hbih ajoin :o /907 ;Cq papaan sapog pa^tiEM jfx'aanasqB s,j3 -iiojjoq Snunp njn;aj nam joj apem s^nam -a3uBJiB JO 'X!jBaq;i aqi 0} paujtuaj aq Pinoqs . - spouad ssaaaj Saunp/U t\ I' jT^HjiHr*''* ^on sifoog papaan ^ •sjaqio jCq papaan ^on, sj 3iooq B H3IIM. 'saSaj .-TAud iBMauaj q^M*. 's>[aaM. oM% zo} samn -^6a 3Ag paMojiB aJB BJaMojjoq pajirajl •a^Bin aq ' • pin6qs ^sanbaj lEiaads , B s3[aaM OAv; pno/Caq papaan naqM '. a^qtssod _ SB igoos SB panan^aj aq pjnoqs japBJBqo x^-ia -naS B JO siBOipouad; ' -sja^oj -joq lie o| S5[aa4i jnoj 01 paiimii ajB qajBas .31 JO nofionjisni joj asn nt ^on sqooq nv 'U3>|e^sGAiaiun|0A sm:^ u9i(Afi sm.oi|s ovep am. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924077077612 A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN BANTU LANGUAGES. ST-AUSTIN'S PRESS, DESCLfiE, DE BROUWER AND CO., BRUGKS. SOUTH-AFRICA REFERENCE MAP TO ACCOMPANY THE Comparative Grammar OF THE South -African Bantu Languages BT J.TORREND, S.J. N. B. The names -printed in red are those of the languages more particularly dealt with in this work .Non-Bantu Lan§ua§es; Wi Bantu intermixed with non- Bantu Lan^ua^es., aoi,ie[» S* -^u^ti.'ti A comparative" GRAMMAR OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN BANTU LANGUAGES COMPRISING THOSE OF ZANZIBAR, MOZAMBIQUE, THE ZAMBEZI, KAFIRLAND, BENGUELA, ANGOLA, THE CONGO, THE OGOWE, THE CAMEROONS, THE LAKE REGION, ETC. -
Versions of Kituba's Origin
DOI 10.1515/jall-2013-0004 JALL 2013; 34(1): 111 – 181 William J. Samarin Versions of Kituba’s origin: Historiography and theory1 Abstract: Casual explanations and thoughtful ones have been given for the emer- gence of Kituba, one of the African-based lingua francas of West Central Africa, but there is still no scholarly work that is based on political, historical, anthropo- logical, and linguistic research to account for the language’s origin and develop- ment. The present contribution is, frst, an overview of various attempts at ex- plaining its origin and development. Second, argued and arguable explanations are examined from diferent perspectives and with data not available before recent research. Finally, the author adds Kituba to his list of African vehicular languages that emerged in the late 19th century, when a signifcant number of auxiliaries – Africans in the majority, foreign and indigenous ones – solved their communication needs by contriving make-shif idioms that quickly gelled as lan- guages. Still far from the work that will hopefully be accomplished by others, this modest study suggests the kind of historiography and linguistic analysis that will helpfully characterize it. Keywords: Bantu grammar, Catholic schools, Congolese jargon, language and colonization, pidgin historiography, porterage, Scheut missionaries William J. Samarin (imeritus): Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 1 An earlier version of this paper profted greatly from a careful reading by Armin Schwegler, Joseph Salomon, John A. Goldsmith (on tone), and two anonymous readers, to whom I am grateful. Too numerous to list are the individuals and organizations who helped me since the beginning of my study of language and colonization in West Central Africa in 1971, but the most important donor was the Social Sciences and Humanites Research Council of Canada. -
The Morphosyntax of Underrepresented Languages
Texas Linguistic Society IX: The Morphosyntax of Underrepresented Languages Frederick Hoyt, Nikki Seifert, Alexandra Teodorescu, and Jessica White (vol. eds.) and Stephen Wechsler (series ed.) CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE AND INFORMATION Contents 1 Case in Ergative Languages and NP Split-Ergativity 1 Edith Aldridge 2 The Definite Article and Possessive Marking in Amharic 21 Dorothee Beerman and Binyam Ephrem 3 How Universal is the Pragmatic Detachability Scale: Evidence from Texas German Discourse Markers 33 Hans Boas and Hunter Weilbacher 4 Rule Replacement in Ling´ıt (Tlingit): The Imporance of Morphosyntax to Morphophonology 59 Seth Cable 5 Number Marking in Maltese Nouns 79 Karine David 6 A Domain-Based Approach to 2P Clitics in Pashto 89 Ascander Dost 7-ing as an Agreement Marker in African American English: Implications for Acquisition 111 Lisa Green 8 Steal Me an Apple: Version in Georgian 125 Olga Gurevich 9 Denominal Verbs and Noun Incorporation: Uto-Aztecan Evidence of a Unified Syntactic Account 145 Jason D. Haugen 10 The Syntax of Agreement in Bantu Relatives 167 Brent Henderson 11 Numeral Classifiers in Lhiimaqalhqama’ 185 Susan Smythe Kung 12 Argument Binding and Morphology in Chichewa 203 Sam Mchombo 13 Malagasy Instrumental Nominalizations 223 Dimitris Ntelitheos 14 A Reanalysis of Nonemphatic Pronouns in Dagbani 239 Tristan Purvis 15 What Sorani Kurdish Absolute Prepositions Tell Us About Cliticization 265 Pollet Samvelian 16 Appalachian English They-Existentials 287 Erika Troseth 17 Converb Constructions in Darma — A Tibeto-Burman Language 299 Christina M. Willis Case in Ergative Languages and NP Split-Ergativity EDITH ALDRIDGE 1 Introduction A long-standing puzzle in the study of ergative languages is the phenome- non of NP split-ergativity. -
Abstracts Acal46-2015
46TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN LINGUISTICS (ACAL 2015) EUGENE, OREGON Ford Alumni Center CO-SPONSORS Association of Contemporary African Linguistics & Department of Linguistics GLOSS (University of Oregon Graduate Linguistics Students) College of Arts and Sciences Office of International Affairs Global Oregon African Studies Division of Equity and Inclusion American English Institute & Yamada Language Center University of Oregon is an equal-opportunity, affirmative-action institution committed to cultural diversity and compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Accommodations for people with disabilities will be provided, if requested in advance, by calling 541-357-7388. KEY LOCATIONS • All conference sessions are held in the Ford Alumni Center. • The conference banquet is held in the Global Scholars Hall. • The Linguistics Department is located in Straub Hall. LOCAL GROCERY, PHARMACY & RESTAURANTS The closest grocery store, with deli counter, is Market of Choice. Hirons Pharmacy is right beside it. A list of some local restaurants is in the conference packet. Here is a link to an interactive map of some Eugene restaurants: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zh9axCWN12ac.kxmeGyRsCI2E WIFI GUEST ACCOUNT LOGIN INSTRUCTIONS WiFi should be available in all UO campus buildings. WiFi login information is given to conference pre-registrants in their registration packet. Those who register onsite will have their guest account activated in the morning of the first day of the conference. Guest Wireless Access is a temporary password only. Change the password on first log-in: 1) Connect to the ‘UO Guest’ wireless network. (Do not connect to the UO wireless network.) 2) Open a web browser window and load any web page. -
Tense and Aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka, And
TENSE AND ASPECT IN CHICHEWA, C I T U M B U K A AND CISENA A description and comparison of the tense - a s p e c t systems in three southeastern Bantu languages Andrea Kiso Tense and aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena A description and comparison of the tense-aspect systems in three southeastern Bantu languages Andrea Kiso ©Andrea Kiso, Stockholm 2012 ISBN 978-91-7447-542-5 Printed in Sweden by US-AB, Stockholm 2012 Distributor: Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University Meinem Vater Abstract This dissertation describes and compares the tense-aspect systems found in three south- eastern Bantu languages, viz. Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena. For each language, an in-depth description of the tense-aspect categories and their use is given based on the analysis of different sources of data: audio recordings of arranged conversations and narratives, questionnaires in which native speakers of Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena translated English sentences into their own language, and parallel corpora of Biblical texts as well as direct elicitation and consultation sessions. The description provides evidence of dialectal variation in the tense-aspect systems in each language that has not been described systematically before. Furthermore, it discusses specific diachronic changes, such as the development of the present progressive marker -ku- into a present tense marker in Chichewa. Remoteness distinctions in the past and future tenses, which are common across Bantu, are also found in the three languages under investigation here. The use of these categories is studied in detail and a certain extent of flexibility in their use is observed. -
Short Obligatory Prayer in African Languages
Short Obligatory Prayer in African languages Arabic: أﺷﮭد .وﻋﺑﺎدﺗك ﻟﻌرﻓﺎﻧك ﺧﻠﻘﺗﻧﻲ ﺑﺄ ّﻧك إﻟﮭﻲ ﯾﺎ أﺷﮭد وﺿﻌﻔﻲ وﻗوّ ﺗك ﺑﻌﺟزي اﻟﺣﯾن ھذا ﻓﻲ .اﻟﻘﯾّوم اﻟﻣﮭﯾﻣن أﻧت إﻻ ّ إﻟﮫ ﻻ .وﻏﻧﺂﺋك وﻓﻘري واﻗﺗدارك English: I bear witness, O my God, that Thou hast created me to know Thee and to worship Thee. I testify, at this moment, to my powerlessness and to Thy might, to my poverty and to Thy wealth. There is none other God but Thee, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting. Adangme (Dangme) [ada] (Ghana) Oo Tsaatsɛ Mawu i yeɔ he odase kaa O bɔ mi konɛ ma le Mo nɛ ma ja Mo. Piɔ hu i ngɛ he odase yee kaa i be he wami ko; Moji he wamitsɛ, ohiafo ji mi se Mo Lɛɛ niatsɛ ji Mo Ngɛ Ose ɔ Mawu ko be hu. Moji wa yemi kɛ bualɔ ngɛ haomi mi nɛ haa wɔ wami. Afrikaans [afr] (Southern Africa) * Ek getuig, o my God, dat U my geskape het om U te ken en U te aanbid. Ek getuig op hierdie oomblik my magteloosheid en U mag, my argmoede en U rykdom. Daar is geen ander God buiten U nie, die Hulp in Gevaar, die Selbestaande. Akan: Akwapem Twi dialect [twi] (Ghana) O me Nyankopɔn, Midi Adanse sɛ Wo na Woabɔ me sɛ min hu Wo na mensom Wo. Midi adanse wɔsaa dɔn yi mu sɛ me de memfra na wo na Wowɔ tumi, meyɛ ohiani na Wo na Wo yɛ Ɔdefo. O Nyame bi nni baabi sɛ Wo nkutoo Korɛ Ahohia mu Boafo ne Onyame aƆnnan obi. -
The Numeral System of Proto-Niger-Congo: a Step-By-Step Reconstruction
The numeral system of Proto- Niger-Congo A step-by-step reconstruction Konstantin Pozdniakov language Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 2 science press Niger-Congo Comparative Studies Chief Editor: Valentin Vydrin (INALCO – LLACAN, CNRS, Paris) Editors: Larry Hyman (University of California, Berkeley), Konstantin Pozdniakov (IUF – INALCO – LLACAN, CNRS, Paris), Guillaume Segerer (LLACAN, CNRS, Paris), John Watters (SIL International, Dallas, Texas). In this series: 1. Watters, John R. (ed.). East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs. 2. Pozdniakov, Konstantin. The numeral system of Proto-Niger-Congo: A step-by-step reconstruction. The numeral system of Proto- Niger-Congo A step-by-step reconstruction Konstantin Pozdniakov language science press Konstantin Pozdniakov. 2018. The numeral system of Proto-Niger-Congo: A step-by-step reconstruction (Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 2). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/191 © 2018, Konstantin Pozdniakov Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-96110-098-9 (Digital) 978-3-96110-099-6 (Hardcover) DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1311704 Source code available from www.github.com/langsci/191 Collaborative reading: paperhive.org/documents/remote?type=langsci&id=191 Cover and concept of design: Ulrike Harbort Typesetting: Sebastian Nordhoff Proofreading: Ahmet Bilal Özdemir, Alena Wwitzlack-Makarevich, Amir Ghorbanpour, Aniefon Daniel, Brett Reynolds, Eitan Grossman, Ezekiel Bolaji, Jeroen van de Weijer, Jonathan Brindle, Jean Nitzke, Lynell Zogbo, Rosetta Berger, Valentin Vydrin Fonts: Linux Libertine, Libertinus Math, Arimo, DejaVu Sans Mono Typesetting software:Ǝ X LATEX Language Science Press Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin, Germany langsci-press.org Storage and cataloguing done by FU Berlin Ирине Поздняковой Contents Acknowledgments vii Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Niger-Congo: the state of research and the prospects for recon- struction .............................. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES Roger Blench May be freely quoted but please acknowledge source 2020 Edition Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Correspondence to: 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This version: 11 September 2020 i Atlas of Nigerian Languages 2019 edition Front mattter TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................................................................................................i I. Changes to the structure of the Atlas ...............................................................................................................i 1. Form of the Head-Entries ................................................................................................................................i 2. Changes in the Language Map.........................................................................................................................i 2.1 From Numbers to Names...........................................................................................................................i 2.2 Addition of new languages ........................................................................................................................i 2.3 Addition and correction of topographic and institutional features ...........................................................ii