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132203021 Program Studi D-3 Bahasa Jepang F GOKENIN JEPANG KERTAS KARYA DIKERJAKAN O L E H MUHAMMAD LANDY PERANGIN ANGIN NIM : 132203021 PROGRAM STUDI D-3 BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2016 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KERTAS KARYA Kertas Karya ini diajukan Kepada Panitia Ujian Program Pendidikan Non-Gelar Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian Diploma III dalam Bidang Studi Bahasa Jepang. Dikerjakan O L E H MUHAMMAD LANDY PERANGIN ANGIN NIM : 132203021 DosenPembimbing, DosenPembaca, Drs.Amin Sihombing Adriana Hasibuan,S.S.,M.Hum NIP : 19 2005011 001 NIP : 19 2002121 001 PROGRAM STUDI D-III BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh Panitia Ujian Program Pendidikan Non-Gelar Sastra Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, Untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian Diploma III dalam bidang Studi Bahasa Jepang. Pada : Tanggal : Hari : Program Studi D III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono,M.S NIP : 196008051987031001 Panitia Ujian : No. Nama Tanda Tangan 1. Zulnaidi, S.S.,M.Hum ( ) 2. Drs.Amin Sihombing ( ) 3. Adriana Hasibuan SS.,M.Hum ( ) 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Disetujui oleh : Program Studi D III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Program Studi D III Bahasa Jepang Ketua program Studi Zulnaidi, S.S., M.Hum. NIP. 1967 08072005 01 1 001 Medan, Juli 2016 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa , karena berkat rahmat dan hidayat-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini, sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi ujian akhir Diploma III Program Studi Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kertas Karya ini Berjudul ―Gokenin Jepang‖. Dalam hal ini penulis menyadari bahwa apa yang telah tertulis dalam Kertas Karya ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan baik dari segi materi dan pembahasan masalah. Demi kesempurnaan, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca untuk kearah perbaikan. Dalam Kertas Karya ini penulis telah banyak menerima bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang cukup bernilai harganya. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono,M.S. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Zulnaidi,SS,.M.Hum, selaku Ketua Jurusan Bahasa Jepang D3 Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Drs. Amin Sihombing, selaku Dosen pembimbing yang dengan ikhlas telah meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan dan juga arahan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini. 4. Ibu Adriana Hasibuan SS,M.Hum, selaku dosen pembaca yang telah memberikan pengarahan, kritik, dan saran yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penyelesaian kertas karya ini. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Seluruh staf pengajar pada Program Studi Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, atas didikannya selama masa perkuliahan. 6. Teristimewa kepada kedua orangtua tercinta, Ayahanda Bulan Perangin angin dan Ibunda Fatimah Flora Sijabat, yang telah memberikan doa, dukungan, bimbingan baik moral dan material sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini dengan baik. 7. Terkasih Deby Rizal Land yang selalu mendoakan dan menyemangati setiap langkah dah persiapan untuk menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini dengan baik Serta teman dan shabat Adinda, Andrian, Annisa, Ainun, Dandi, Dedi, Daniel, Elysa, Ghera, Icha, Jhony, Mhd Ridwan, Maxwell, Ria, Ryan, Move Foto, Samuel, Velix, Wenny, dan Rekan Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya angkatan 2013 yang telah membantu penulis dalam masa perkuliahan dan dalam menyempurnakan penulisan kertas Karya ini. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa memberikan rahmat kasih serta berkat atas segala bantuan yang telah diberikan.Penulistelah berupaya dengan semaksimal mungkin dalam penyelesaian Kertas Kaya ini, Penulis menyadari bahwa Kertas Karya ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, untuk itu Penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik daripada pembaca untuk kesempurnaan Kertas Karya ini. Kiranya Kertas Karya ini bermanfaat dalam memperkaya ilmu pendidikan. Medan, April 2016 Penulis, Muhammad Landy Perangin Angin NIM : 132203021 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………………….i DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………………….iv BAB I PENDAHULUAN…………………………………………………………1 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul.................................................................1 1.2 Tujuan Penulisan.........................................................................2 1.3 Batasan Masalah.........................................................................2 1.4 Metode Penulisan........................................................................3 BAB II GOKENIN PADA ZAMAN KAMAKURA ……………………………..4 2.1 Gokenin Pada Zaman Kamakura.................................................4 2.2 Gokenin Pada Zaman Muromachi.............................................11 BAB III PERKEMBANGAN GOKENIN PADA ZAMAN EDO……………15 3.1 Perkembangan Gokenin Pada Zaman Edo...............................15 3.2 Peranan Gokenin Pada Zaman Edo……………………………24 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN……………………………………….25 4.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................25 4.2 Saran..........................................................................................27 DAFTAR PUSTAKA…………………………………………………………….28 LAMPIRAN iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul Jepang adalah sebuah negara yang maju diberbagai bidang di benua Asia. Negara Jepang juga banyak mempunyai cerita tentang kerajaan dan juga dinasty yang sampai sekarang pun masi berlanjut. Kerajaan Jepang dan Dinasty Jepang tidak terlepas dari peran atau sosok ‗Kesatria Muda‘ yang menjadi struktur pemimpin dan juga bagian dari setiap jabatan di era kerjaan jepang . Dahulu ‘Kesatria Muda’ ini banyak berperan sebagai pelindung dan juga Penasehat Raja Dengan keahlian Pedang dan juga teknik bertempur yang baik banyak dari mereka yang mendapatkan kedudukan tinggi dan sakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan kesatria maka terbentuklah kelompok bersenjata yang menjadi pelindung serta membentuk kerajaan mereka sendiri, mereka menjuluki diri mereka sebagai Samurai (Kesatria Bujangan). Setelah Dominasi besar besaran ini hampir seluruh tempat di kota jepang diduduki oleh samurai, seiring berkembangnya waktu samurai pun semakin memperbaiki dan menggubah satu persatu senjatanya mulai dari Samurai Berpedang, Samurai Bertombak, Samurai Pemanah, dan Samurai yang mengunakan atleri. Hingga pada zaman Keshogunan dari Kamakura dan periode Muromachi samurai menggap diri mereka sebagai GOKENIN yaitu adalah sebutan untuk Pemimpin Samurai 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Tujuan Penulisan Adapun tujuan penulisan Kertas Karya ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Untuk mengetahui sejarah perkembangan dan peran gokenin jepang 2. Untuk menambah wawasan pembaca dan penulis mengenai gokenin jepang 3. Sebagai syarat kelulusan dari program diploma III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatra Utara 1.3 Batasan Masalah Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis memfokuskan penulisannya mengenai Perkembangan Gokenin dan peran gokenin jepang. di dalamnya membahas tentang sejarah, Asal mula, Kedudukan, Perkembangan Gokenin dan peran Gokenin Jepang. Kemudian untuk memperjelas pembahasan, maka penulis menjelaskan juga dengan siapa saja gokenin bergabung dan pada perang yang menghadirkan gokenin dalam pertempuran hingga akhir dari gokenin sendiri 2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.4 Metode Penulisan Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan (Library Research), yakni dengan cara memanfaatkan sumber-sumber bacaan yang ada yakni berupa buku sebagai referensi yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan yang dibahas, kemudian penulis merangkum dan mendeskripsikan kedalam kertas karya ini. Penulisjuga memanfaatkan Informasi Teknologi Internet sebagai referensi tambahan agar data yang didapatkan menjadi lebih akurat dan lebih jelas 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB II GOKENIN PADA ZAMAN KAMAKURA 2.1. Gokenin Pada Zaman Kamakura Keshogunan Kamakura 鎌倉幕府 Kamakura bakufu adalah pemerintahan militer oleh samurai yang didirikan Minamoto no Yoritomo di Kamakura. Dalam periode historis Jepang, masa pemerintahan Keshogunan Kamakura disebut zaman Kamakura yang berlangsung sekitar 140 tahun. Keshogunan Kamakura berakhir setelah Nitta Yoshisada menghancurkan klan Hōjō. Dulunya dalam buku sejarah Jepang ditulis bahwa Keshogunan Kamakura dimulai sejak tahun 1192 ketika Minamoto no Yoritomo diangkat sebagai Seii Taishōgun, namun secara defacto Yoritomo sudah berkuasa dan memiliki lembaga pemerintahan sebelum 1192. Keshogunan Kamakura juga bukan pemerintahan militer oleh kalangan samurai yang pertama di Jepang, karena sebelumnya sudah dikenal Pemerintahan klan Taira. Pemerintahan atau kantor shogun disebut "bakufu" 幕府?, secara harafiah, pemerintahan di tenda atau "Keshogunan". Sistem politik yang disebut keshogunan (bakufu) terus bertahan hingga Keshogunan Muromachi Muromachi Bakufu dan Keshogunan Edo (Edo Bakufu). Dalam literatur klasik Azuma Kagami, istilah bakufu hanya digunakan untuk rumah kediaman shogun, dan tidak digunakan untuk menyebut pemerintah pusat oleh kalangan militer. Istilah "bakufu" untuk 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA menyebut pemerintahan kalangan samurai pertama kali digunakan
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