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Encyclopedia of Shinto Chronological Supplement

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Encyclopedia of Shinto Chronological Supplement Encyclopedia of Shinto Chronological Supplement 『神道事典』巻末年表、英語版 Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics Kokugakuin University 2016 Preface This book is a translation of the chronology that appended Shinto jiten, which was compiled and edited by the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University. That volume was first published in 1994, with a revised compact edition published in 1999. The main text of Shinto jiten is translated into English and publicly available in its entirety at the Kokugakuin University website as "The Encyclopedia of Shinto" (EOS). This English edition of the chronology is based on the one that appeared in the revised version of the Jiten. It is already available online, but it is also being published in book form in hopes of facilitating its use. The original Japanese-language chronology was produced by Inoue Nobutaka and Namiki Kazuko. The English translation was prepared by Carl Freire, with assistance from Kobori Keiko. Translation and publication of the chronology was carried out as part of the "Digital Museum Operation and Development for Educational Purposes" project of the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Organization for the Advancement of Research and Development, Kokugakuin University. I hope it helps to advance the pursuit of Shinto research throughout the world. Inoue Nobutaka Project Director January 2016 ***** Translated from the Japanese original Shinto jiten, shukusatsuban. (General Editor: Inoue Nobutaka; Tokyo: Kōbundō, 1999) English Version Copyright (c) 2016 Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University. All rights reserved. Published by the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University, 4-10-28 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Printed in Japan by Mizuki Shobō Guide 1. Entries are divided into four categories: "Institutions/Laws," "Shrines/Organizations," "Personalities/Texts," and "Society." The content corresponding to each category is mainly as follows: [A] Institutions/Laws: Laws and ordinances concerning Shinto, along with statutes, proclamations, and other materials of a similar nature. [B] Shrines/Organizations: Matters related to shrines, religious groups, sects, and similar entities. [C] Personalities/Texts: Important items including dates of death related to personalities who appear in the main text of "The Encyclopedia," as well as publication and other information regarding major texts. [D] Major developments in Japanese society, as well major developments and incidents involving Shinto. 2. The source texts for the entries are cited at the end of the entry in parentheses. However, it was decided not to cite a source for those entries recounting information that has already become widely accepted as established theory. 3. For Personalities, all ages of death are presented using the traditional Japanese kazoedoshi system (one year old at birth, with one year added at each New Year). 4. Hyphens are used in dates to indicate some part of the information is unknown, e.g. "-.-" indicates neither month nor date are known, while "2.-" shows only the month (2nd) is known. 5. Dates through the end of 1872 are given using the old lunisolar calendar (kyūreki). The dates from January 1, 1873, forward are presented using the Gregorian system (seireki). 6. The corresponding Gregorian calendar equivalents for many traditional Japanese calendar dates until around the mid-sixth century C.E. are difficult to establish precisely. For convenience’s sake, the Gregorian equivalents provided for those years are based on the hypothesis that Jinmu’s installation as emperor occurred in 660 B.C. 7. An asterisk is used to indicate the title of corresponding entry from the EOS. Year Era Institutions/Laws Shrines/Organizations 663 Tsuchinoe- 9.-: Emperor Jimmu worships the BCE uma ("elder "kami of heaven and earth" year of the (*Tenjinchigi) at Nyuu River horse"; see before his conquest of Yamato. also *Ehō) (Nihon shoki) 660 Jimmu 1 1.1: Enthronement of Emperor BCE Jimmu. (Nihon shoki) 657 Jimmu 4 2.23: Emperor Jimmu worships BCE the imperial ancestral kami at Mt. Torimi in Yamato after completing his conquest of that province. (Nihon shoki) 92 Sujin 6 -.-. Princess Toyosukirihime no BCE mikoto enshrines *Amaterasu Ōmikami at Kasanui village in Yamato. (Nihon shoki) 91 Sujin 7 11.13: "Shrines of heaven" -.-: The shrine to Takefutsu no BCE (tensha) and "shrines of the Ōmikami is transferred to earth" (kokusha, literally, Yamanobe in Yamato and "shrines of the state") are renamed Isonokami Ōmikami established (see *Kansha). (origins of Isonokami Shrine) Lands are also set aside for (see also *Futsunomitama). serving the kami (shinchi), and (Sendai kuji honki) kami ritualists (*Kanbe) are appointed. (Nihon shoki) 11.13: Ichishi no Nagaochi charged with worshipping *Yamato no Ōkunitama as a replacement for Nunakiirihime no Mikoto, who the previous year had been entrusted with worshipping the deity at a location outside the imperial palace (origin of Ōyamato Shrine). (Nihon shoki) 11.13: Epidemics rampant around this time. In accordance with an oracle, the emperor asks kami Ōtataneko to worship *Ōmononushi no kami (origins of Ōmiwa Shrine). (Nihon shoki) 23 Suinin 7 BCE 5 Suinin 25 3.-: Yamatohime no mikoto BCE transfers *Amaterasu Ōmikami to be enshrined at Ise (another account relates this occurs the 10th month of the following 1 Personalities/Texts Society 7.7: Nomi no sukune and Taima no Kuehaya hold wrestling match (first mention of *Sumō). (Nihon shoki) 2 Year Era Institutions/Laws Shrines/Organizations Year). (Nihon shoki) 4 Suinin 26 8.3: Emperor appoints Mononobe BCE Tochine no Ōmuraji manager (*Kengyō) of the treasury for Izumo Shrine. (Nihon shoki) 3 Suinin 27 8.7: Lands are set aside for BCE serving the kami (shinchi) and kami ritualists (*Kanbe) are appointed. (Nihon shoki) 8.7: Weapons presented to shrines as an offering (shinpei; see *Heihaku) (first mention of weapons being given as offerings). (Nihon shoki) 10 CE Suinin 39 10.-: Inishiki no mikoto ordered to offer a thousand swords to Isonokami Shrine and to manage its treasury. (Nihon shoki) 57 90 Keikō 20 2.4: Iono no himemiko ordered to worship *Amaterasu Ōmikami. (Nihon shoki) 110 Keikō 40 10.7: *Yamatotakeru no mikoto visits Ise Shrine prior to his eastern campaign of conquest. Yamatohime no mikoto endows him with the sacred sword Kusanagi no tsurugi (see also *Sanshu no shinki). (Nihon shoki) 135 Seimu 5 9.-: Each province ordered to appoint a provincial governor- ritualist (*Kuni no miyatsuko) to provinces and districts and local administrators (inagi) to villages. Province and district borders established at mountains and rivers, and village boundaries established. 200 Chūai 9 4.-: Empress Jingū receives oracles upon the conquest of Silla. (Nihon shoki) 201 Empress 2.-: Empress Jingū, following an Jingū 1 oracle, performs several 3 Personalities/Texts Society -.-: The king of Na (Na-no-kuni) from the land of Wa (i.e., Japan) sends envoys to the later Han Dynasty and receives in return from Emperor Guangwu an imperial seal. (Houhanshu, Guangwu di ji [History of the later Han dynasty, the annals of Emperor Guangwu]) 4 Year Era Institutions/Laws Shrines/Organizations enshrinement ceremonies: the "violent spirit" (*Aramitama) of Amaterasu Ōmikami at Hirota Province; Wakahirume no mikoto at Ikuta Province; Kotoshironushi no mikoto at Nagata Province; and, at Nunakura in Ōtsu, the "peaceful spirits" (*Nigimitama) of Uwazututno'o, Nakazutsuno'o, and Sokozutsuno'o (the three Sumiyoshi kami; see *Sumiyoshi shinkō) (the origins of Hirota, Nagata, and Sumiyoshi shrines). (Nihon shoki) 239 285 Ōjin 16 300 Ōjin 31 310 Ōjin 41 2.-: Achino Omi, an ancestor of the Yamatoaya clan, arrived in Tsukushi from Wu. The services of weaver Ehime are offered to the three Munakata goddesses (see *Munakata shinkō) at their request. (Nihon shoki) 372 Nintoku 60 404 Richū 5 10.11: The imperial court makes a gift of the cart keepers 5 Personalities/Texts Society 6.-: Queen Himiko of Wa, who was said to have "dealt with spirits" (kidō; see also *Ancient Shintō), sends envoys to the Wei Dynasty. 12.-: Emperor Ming of Wei confers upon her the title "Queen of Wa Friendly to Wei," together with a gold seal with purple ribbon decoration. (Wei Zhi Wo ren chuan [Records of Wei, account of the Wa people]) -.-: Wani of Baekje, Korea, offers ten volumes of the Analects of Confucius and one volume of the Thousand Character Classic. (Kojiki; Nihon shoki) -.-: Keyhole-shaped burial mounds (zenpō- kōen fun) including the Sakurai Chausu Yama, Hashihaka, Shikin Zan, and Tsubai Ōtsuka Yama kofun built from the end of 3CE to 4CE. -.-: Korean kingdom of Baekje makes presents of the *shichishitō (also nanatsusaya no tachi) and nanatsuko ("seven-little-one") mirror. (The shichishitō is housed in Isonokami Shrine. The sword was made in 369 according to its inscription. Nihon shoki records this event as taking place in the 52th year of Empress Jingū’s reign, or 252.) 6 Year Era Institutions/Laws Shrines/Organizations professional group (kurumamochi-be) to Munakata Shrine in response to a divine oracle and a calamity believed to have been cause by an evil spirit (*Tatari). (Nihon shoki) 415 Ingyō 4 478 Yūryaku 22 9.-: Ise Outer Shrine built. (Toyukegūgishikichō; Houkihonki) 507 Keitai 1 1.-: Emperor Buretsu dies without a successor. Consequently, Ōdono kimi, a fifth-generation grandson of Emperor Ōjin, comes from Echizen and ascends the throne to become Emperor Keitai. (Nihon shoki) 527 Keitai 27 538 Senka 3 552 Kinmei 13 554 Kinmei 15 593 Suiko 1 7 Personalities/Texts Society 9.28: A divination by ordeal ceremony (*Kukatachi) is performed at Umakashino no Oka to sort out confusion over lineages (Nihon shoki). 5.-: Bu, the king of Wa, sends tribute to the Liu Song Dynasty and petitions to be officially confirmed in his title by the Chinese court. (Songshu, Woguoyun zhuan [History of the Liu Song dynasty, account on the Wa people]) 6.3: Expeditionary force dispatched to Mimana (Inna, on the Korean Peninsula).
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