DOCSLIB.ORG

Transcriptome Analysis for Novel Peptide in Breeding Gland of Hymenochirus Boettgeri Minjin Ko University of the Pacific, M [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transcriptome Analysis for Novel Peptide in Breeding Gland of Hymenochirus Boettgeri Minjin Ko University of the Pacific, M Ko@U.Pacific.Edu University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 Transcriptome analysis for novel peptide in breeding gland of Hymenochirus boettgeri Minjin Ko University of the Pacific, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ko, Minjin. (2019). Transcriptome analysis for novel peptide in breeding gland of Hymenochirus boettgeri. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3615 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS FOR NOVEL PEPTIDES IN BREEDING GLAND OF HYMENOCHIRUS BOETTGERI By Minjin Ko A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE College of the Pacific Biological Sciences University of the Pacific Stockton, California 2019 2 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS FOR NOVEL PEPTIDES IN BREEDING GLAND OF HYMENOCHIRUS BOETTGERI By Minjin Ko APPROVED BY: Dissertation Advisor: Eric Thomas, Ph.D. Committee Member: Jane Khudyakov, Ph.D. Committee Member: Doug Risser, Ph.D. Committee Member: Ajna Rivera, Ph.D. Department Co-Chairs: Lisa Wrischnik, Ph.D. and Eric Thomas, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School: Thomas Naehr, Ph.D. 3 DEDICATION I dedicate this to my parents. 4 Transcriptome Analysis for Novel Peptides in Breeding Gland of Hymenochirus Boettgeri Abstract By Minjin Ko University of the Pacific 2019 The primary goal of the project was to find nucleotide sequences potentially encoding a pheromone from the breeding gland of Hymenochirus boettgeri . The reasons in searching for the sequence of a pheromone were to better understand the organism and to use the information for application in reproduction of other species. Due to climate change and rampant deforestation, such as in Africa’s Congo Basin, many amphibian species are being threatened. With these increasing threats, a viable option for the future may be breeding in captivity for the amphibian species. Pheromone characterization from the breeding gland of Hymenochirus boettgeri may help with better understanding of reproduction in other species. Overall, five candidate signaling peptides that have the potential to be a pheromone from the breeding gland were found with transcriptome assembly and annotation of the breeding gland. The project focused on obtaining transcriptome data for the breeding gland by 1) RNA sequencing 2) de novo transcriptome assembly and 3) transcriptome annotation. The transcriptome of the breeding gland is now available for future proteomic studies. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................8 GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................10 2. Methods..................................................................................................................20 RNA Isolation ............................................................................................20 RNA Quality Assessment ..........................................................................21 Sequencing Library Preparation ................................................................22 High-Throughput Sequencing ....................................................................22 Sequencing Data Quality Assessment and Trimming ...............................22 De novo Transcriptome Assembly and Annotation ...................................23 Differential Gene Expression Analysis ......................................................23 Functional Enrichment Analysis ................................................................24 Analysis of Upregulated BG Transcripts ...................................................24 3. Results ....................................................................................................................25 RNA Isolation ............................................................................................25 Sequencing Data Quality Assessment .......................................................28 Transcriptome Assembly ...........................................................................30 Differential Gene Expression in BG relative to L .....................................33 Analysis of Unannotated Transcripts .........................................................36 6 4. Discussion ..............................................................................................................41 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................50 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Assembly statistics of the two Trinity de novo assemblies, BG and BG+L ..........31 2. Top ten enriched KEGG Pathways in the BG transcriptome, shown in descending order of number of transcripts mapping to each category ..................32 3. Top ten enriched GO Biological Processes in the BG transcriptome, shown in descending order of number of transcripts mapping to each category ..................32 4. Three specific genes that belong to a different category of the top ten overrepresented functional categories in the BG transcriptome .......................................................33 5. The top 15 genes upregulated in BG compared to L shown in descending order of log-transformed fold change values (log2 FC, BG/L) ...........................................34 6. KEGG categories overrepresented in set of genes upregulated in BG ...................35 7. GO BP categories overrepresented in set of genes upregulated in BG ..................36 8. Two unannotated transcripts with high BG transcript counts relative to L transcript counts .....................................................................................................37 9. The sequences of the two highlighted unannotated transcripts ..............................37 10. The max score, e-value, % identity, and predicted name of the two unannotated transcripts ...............................................................................................................38 11. The predicted amino acid sequence and the number of amino acids of the two unannotated transcripts ..........................................................................................38 12. Two annotated transcripts out of the top 30 unannotated differentially expressed genes using BLASTn .............................................................................................39 13. The five amino acid sequences with signal peptides of five transcripts that do not have any BLASTn hits ...................................................................................................40 8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Courtship behavior of male Cynops pyrrhogaster .................................................. 11 2. Male red-legged salamanders, Plethodon shermani , release courtship pheromones to persuade non-receptive females ......................................................12 3. Female Hymenochirus positive chemotaxis ............................................................14 4. H. boettgeri has different types of glands in skin ..................................................15 5. Illustration of breeding gland structure in H. boettgeri ................................................. 16 6. Bioanalyzer data of the first two RNA samples of breeding gland and skin ..........26 7. Bioanalyzer data of ladder and two samples of breeding gland (BG) and liver (L) ... .................................................................................................................................28 8. Per base sequence quality of the left read (R1) of breeding gland ..........................29 9. Mean per sequence quality score of R1 (left read) of breeding gland ....................30 9 GLOSSARY • De novo transcriptome assembly: the re-construction of a transcriptome from short sequenced cDNA reads without a reference genome. • High-throughput sequencing: the generation of hundreds of millions of DNA sequences in a short period of time. • NanoDrop: an instrument used to check RNA quality by using ultraviolet absorbance. The main wavelengths of absorbance are 260 nm, 280 nm, and 230 nm. 260 nm measures the amount of nucleic acids, 280 nm measures the amount of protein (aromatic amino acids) and 230 nm measures the presence of other contaminants. The ideal ratios of wavelengths are 1.8-2.2 for A260/A280 and greater than 1.7 for A260/A230. A factor to be wary of is that absorbance measurements can overestimate the quantity of interested nucleic acids. This is because all nucleic acids absorb at 260nm and instruments such as the Nanodrop quantify all the nucleic acids together without distinction. Some contaminants are also absorbed at 260 nm, which can also contribute to overestimation and mislead in the purity of nucleic acid by
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion Genes Data Set
    Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion genes data set PROBE Entrez Gene ID Celera Gene ID Gene_Symbol Gene_Name 160832 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 223658 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 212988 102 hCG40040.3 ADAM10 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 133411 4185 hCG28232.2 ADAM11 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 11 110695 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 195222 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 165344 8751 hCG20021.3 ADAM15 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15 (metargidin) 189065 6868 null ADAM17 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (tumor necrosis factor, alpha, converting enzyme) 108119 8728 hCG15398.4 ADAM19 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 117763 8748 hCG20675.3 ADAM20 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 20 126448 8747 hCG1785634.2 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 208981 8747 hCG1785634.2|hCG2042897 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 180903 53616 hCG17212.4 ADAM22 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 22 177272 8745 hCG1811623.1 ADAM23 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23 102384 10863 hCG1818505.1 ADAM28 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28 119968 11086 hCG1786734.2 ADAM29 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 29 205542 11085 hCG1997196.1 ADAM30 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 30 148417 80332 hCG39255.4 ADAM33 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33 140492 8756 hCG1789002.2 ADAM7 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7 122603 101 hCG1816947.1 ADAM8 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8 183965 8754 hCG1996391 ADAM9 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (meltrin gamma) 129974 27299 hCG15447.3 ADAMDEC1 ADAM-like,
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Targets of Apparently Idiopathic Male Infertility
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Molecular Biology of Spermatogenesis: Novel Targets of Apparently Idiopathic Male Infertility Rossella Cannarella * , Rosita A. Condorelli , Laura M. Mongioì, Sandro La Vignera * and Aldo E. Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (R.A.C.); [email protected] (L.M.M.); [email protected] (A.E.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.L.V.) Received: 8 February 2020; Accepted: 2 March 2020; Published: 3 March 2020 Abstract: Male infertility affects half of infertile couples and, currently, a relevant percentage of cases of male infertility is considered as idiopathic. Although the male contribution to human fertilization has traditionally been restricted to sperm DNA, current evidence suggest that a relevant number of sperm transcripts and proteins are involved in acrosome reactions, sperm-oocyte fusion and, once released into the oocyte, embryo growth and development. The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive insight into the molecular biology of spermatogenesis, including evidence on spermatogenetic failure and underlining the role of the sperm-carried molecular factors involved in oocyte fertilization and embryo growth. This represents the first step in the identification of new possible diagnostic and, possibly, therapeutic markers in the field of apparently idiopathic male infertility. Keywords: spermatogenetic failure; embryo growth; male infertility; spermatogenesis; recurrent pregnancy loss; sperm proteome; DNA fragmentation; sperm transcriptome 1. Introduction Infertility is a widespread condition in industrialized countries, affecting up to 15% of couples of childbearing age [1]. It is defined as the inability to achieve conception after 1–2 years of unprotected sexual intercourse [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Hand and Foot Musculature of Anura: Structure, Homology, Terminology, and Synapomorphies for Major Clades
    HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO, MARTÍN O. PEREYRA, TARAN GRANT, AND JULIÁN FAIVOVICH BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina MARTÍN O. PEREYRA División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina TARAN GRANT Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Coleção de Anfíbios, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History JULIÁN FAIVOVICH División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Peptides with Therapeutic Potential from Skin Secretions of Polyploid Frogs of the Pipidae Family
    Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family Milena Mechkarska Thesis committee Promotor Prof. dr. Jerry M. Wells Professor of Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University Co-promotor Prof. J. Michael Conlon Professor of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE Other members Prof. Sylvie Dufour, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Prof. Eric W. Roubos, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. ir. Huub Savelkoul, Wageningen University Prof. Liliane Schoofs, KU Leuven, Belgium This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS) Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family Milena Mechkarska Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 7 May 2013 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Milena Mechkarska Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family, 226 pages. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2013) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-94-6173-550-8 To my family: The ones who love, support, care and forgive Table of contents
    [Show full text]
  • 1704632114.Full.Pdf
    Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous PNAS PLUS diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Yan-Jie Fenga, David C. Blackburnb, Dan Lianga, David M. Hillisc, David B. Waked,1, David C. Cannatellac,1, and Peng Zhanga,1 aState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; bDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; cDepartment of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Collections, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; and dMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Contributed by David B. Wake, June 2, 2017 (sent for review March 22, 2017; reviewed by S. Blair Hedges and Jonathan B. Losos) Frogs (Anura) are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates The poor resolution for many nodes in anuran phylogeny is and comprise nearly 90% of living amphibian species. Their world- likely a result of the small number of molecular markers tra- wide distribution and diverse biology make them well-suited for ditionally used for these analyses. Previous large-scale studies assessing fundamental questions in evolution, ecology, and conser- used 6 genes (∼4,700 nt) (4), 5 genes (∼3,800 nt) (5), 12 genes vation. However, despite their scientific importance, the evolutionary (6) with ∼12,000 nt of GenBank data (but with ∼80% missing history and tempo of frog diversification remain poorly understood. data), and whole mitochondrial genomes (∼11,000 nt) (7). In By using a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 88-kb the larger datasets (e.g., ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Protein Evolution Within and Between Species: Maintenance of Divergent ZP3 Alleles in Peromyscus
    Molecular Ecology (2008) 17, 2616–2628 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03780.x ReproductiveBlackwell Publishing Ltd protein evolution within and between species: maintenance of divergent ZP3 alleles in Peromyscus LESLIE M. TURNER*† and HOPI E. HOEKSTRA† *Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, †Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Abstract In a variety of animal taxa, proteins involved in reproduction evolve more rapidly than non- reproductive proteins. Most studies of reproductive protein evolution, however, focus on divergence between species, and little is known about differentiation among populations within a species. Here we investigate the molecular population genetics of the protein ZP3 within two Peromyscus species. ZP3 is an egg coat protein involved in primary binding of egg and sperm and is essential for fertilization. We find that amino acid polymorphism in the sperm-combining region of ZP3 is high relative to silent polymorphism in both species of Peromyscus. In addition, while there is geographical structure at a mitochondrial gene (Cytb), a nuclear gene (Lcat) and eight microsatellite loci, we find no evidence for geographical structure at Zp3 in Peromyscus truei. These patterns are consistent with the maintenance of ZP3 alleles by balancing selection, possibly due to sexual conflict or pathogen resistance. However, we do not find evidence that reinforcement promotes ZP3 diversification; allelic variation in P. truei is similar among populations, including populations allopatric and sympatric with sibling species. In fact, most alleles are present in all populations sampled across P.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Assessment and Recommended Disease Screening
    A Manual For Control of Infectious Diseases in Amphibian Survival Assurance Colonies and Reintroduction Programs Version 2.0: updated 2017 Based on: Proceedings from a Workshop: 16–18 February 2009 San Diego Zoo Cover photos courtesy of Allan Pessier and Ron Holt. A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group in collaboration with Amphibian Ark, San Diego Zoo, and Zoo Atlanta IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. © Copyright CBSG 2017 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Pessier, A.P. and J.R. Mendelson III (eds.). 2017. A Manual for Control of Infectious Diseases in Amphibian Survival Assurance Colonies and Reintroduction Programs, Ver. 2.0. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. An electronic version of this report can be downloaded at www.cbsg.org <http://www.cbsg.org/> . This project was supported by grant LG-25-08-0066 from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table 1. Control System M1 and M2 Significantly Expressed Genes Involved in Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization
    Supplementary Table 1. Control system M1 and M2 significantly expressed genes involved in macrophage differentiation and polarization. M1 Gene Name Entrez M2 Gene Name Entrez Gene ID Gene ID Interferon, gamma-inducible protein 16 3428 Cystinosis, nephropathic 1497 Hypothetical protein BC012330 116071 Protease, serine, 22 64063 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 6347 Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 4864 Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, 83666 Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly 8301 member 9 protein Lipocalin-interacting membrane receptor 55716 Solute carrier family 38, member 6 145389 Epithelial stromal interaction 1 (breast) 94240 Homeobox C14 360030 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, 4940 Selenoprotein T 51714 100kDa Somatostatin receptor 2 6752 Angiopoietin-like 4 51129 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 58191 GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositides 160622 1)-associated scaffold protein GTPase, IMAP family member 8 155038 Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, 8013 member 3 DR1-associated protein 1 (negative 10589 Chromosome 21 open reading frame 82 114036 cofactor 2 alpha) Interferon-induced protein 44 10964 Oviductal glycoprotein 1, 120kDa (mucin 9, 5016 oviductin) PTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta 2185 Chromosome 9 open reading frame 150 286343 Hypothetical protein BC012317 93082 30 kDa protein 55831 N-acetylglucosamine kinase 55577 Growth arrest-specific 2 like 3 283431 TPR domain containing STI2 199223 Serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type 1 6692 Phosphodiesterase 4D interacting 9659 FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa
    [Show full text]
  • Zonadhesin-Like Genes in Three Fish Species: Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar), Puffer Fish (Tahyugu Rubripes) and Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
    Zonadhesin-like genes in three fish species: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Puffer fish (Tahyugu rubripes) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Peter Nicholas Darien Hunt B. Sc., University of Victoria, 2002 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Biology We accept this thesis as conforming to the standard required. O Peter Nicholas Darien Hunt, 2004 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without permission of the author. Supervisor: Dr. Ben F. Koop Abstract The sperm membrane protein zonadhesin (ZAN) has been characterized in mammals and has been implicated in species-specific egg-sperm binding interactions. Zonadhesin is the only protein that contains MAM, mucin and von Willebrand D domains. A zonadhesin-like transcript was obtained fi-om an Atlantic salmon gut tissue cDNA library. This transcript and the corresponding genomic locus were sequenced. A zonadhesin-like gene (ZLG) with a predicted open reading fi-ame of 4,5 18 nucleotides that encodes MAM, mucin and VWD domains was characterized. Although the predicted protein contains the same major domains as zonadhesin, the domain order is altered. ZLG is expressed in the liver and the gut but not in the testis as a typical zonadhesin. This gene is unlikely to be directly involved in reproduction, because it has a unique domain structure and expression, but is likely to have a novel function. In contrast, zonadhesin-like genes with the same domain content and order as mammalian zonadhesins can be deduced from puffer fish and zebrafish genomic sequencing projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Non-Cites Amphibia Species That Are Known Or Likely to Be in International Trade
    REVIEW OF NON-CITES AMPHIBIA SPECIES THAT ARE KNOWN OR LIKELY TO BE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2007 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Prepared by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Arkansas Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan
    c=85 m=19 y=0 k=0 c=57 m=80 y=100 k=45 c=20 m=0 y=40 k=6 Arkansas Aquaticc=15 m=29 y=33 k=0 c=100 Nuisance m=0 y=91 k=42 c=30 m=0 y=5 k=0 Species Management Plan May 14, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7 The Natural Setting ..................................................................................................................... 7 The Biodiversity.......................................................................................................................... 9 The Human Element ................................................................................................................... 9 The Threat of Aquatic Nuisance Species .................................................................................. 11 The Development of a Plan ....................................................................................................... 12 ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................... 14 Private Aquaculture in Arkansas .............................................................................................. 14 Management and Control
    [Show full text]