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Final Report 240210 Towards A Strategy for Culture in the Mediterranean Region EC Preparatory document Needs and opportunities assessment report in the field of cultural policy and dialogue in the Mediterranean Region A study1 prepared for the European Commission by Fanny Bouquerel and Basma El Husseiny November 2009 1 Diclaimer: This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Basma El Husseiny and Fanny Bouquerel for the society Berenschot and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union 1 Acknowledgements The experts would like to thank all the interviewees who gave their time to answer the questionnaires. 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 2. Executive Summary .................................................................................... 12 Context...................................................................................................................13 A Consultative Process ..........................................................................................16 1. Cultural Policy and Capacity of the Cultural Sector in the South Med Region ...................................................................................................................................17 1.1 Cultural Policies ...............................................................................................17 1.2 Capacity of the Cultural Sector ........................................................................19 2. Access to Culture and the Economic and Social Dimension of Culture........22 2.1 Cultural and Creative Industries.......................................................................22 2.2 Heritage and Cultural Tourism ........................................................................23 2.3 Culture as an Access Point to Development....................................................24 2.4 Culture in Education and Youth Programmes..................................................25 3. Regional Collaboration and Intercultural Dialogue ..........................................26 3.1 Sharing of information, experience and knowledge in the Mediterranean region ...............................................................................................................................26 3.2 Cultural Cooperation and the International Political Context ...........................27 3.3 Inclusive Partnerships in Culture (public/civil/private) ......................................28 3.4 Networking Within and Beyond the Mediterranean Region .............................29 General Recommendations ....................................................................................31 3. Main findings ............................................................................................... 32 1. Cultural Policy and Capacity of the Cultural Sector in the South Med Region ...................................................................................................................................33 1.1 Cultural Policies ...............................................................................................33 1.2 Capacity of the Cultural Sector ........................................................................41 2. Access to Culture and the Economic and Social Dimension of Culture........47 2.1 Cultural and Creative Industries.......................................................................47 2.2 Heritage and Cultural Tourism ........................................................................50 2.3 Culture as an Access Point to Development and Social Cohesion..................52 2.4 Culture in Education and Youth Programmes..................................................54 3. Regional Collaboration and Intercultural Dialogue ..........................................57 3.1 Sharing of information, experience and knowledge in the Mediterranean region ...............................................................................................................................57 3.2 Cultural Cooperation and the International Political Context ...........................60 3.3 The Role of the International donors and stakeholders ...................................63 3.4 Inclusive Partnerships in Culture (public/civil/private) ......................................67 3.5 Networking Within and Beyond the Mediterranean Region .............................69 4. Country Profiles .......................................................................................... 73 1. Algeria...................................................................................................................74 2. Egypt.....................................................................................................................77 3. Israel .....................................................................................................................80 4. Jordan...................................................................................................................83 5. Lebanon................................................................................................................85 6. Morocco................................................................................................................88 7. The Occupied Palestinian Territory ...................................................................91 3 8. Syria ......................................................................................................................94 9. Tunisia ..................................................................................................................97 5. Recommendations .................................................................................... 100 A. Thematic Recommendations ...........................................................................101 1. Cultural Policy and Capacity of the Cultural Sector in the South Med Region.101 2. Access to Culture and the Economic and Social Dimension of Culture...........103 3. Regional Collaboration and Intercultural Dialogue...........................................106 B. General Recommendations..............................................................................109 6. Annexes ..................................................................................................... 111 Annex I - Documentation resources, international organizations, funding opportunities and EU programmes ......................................................................112 Annex II - Summary consultation seminar ...........................................................126 Annex III - Questionnaires....................................................................................132 Annex IV - Interviewees List................................................................................139 4 1. Introduction 5 The Ministers of Culture of the Euromediterranean Partnership decided in their meeting on 29-30 May 2008 in Athens to launch a process leading to the development of a Euro-Mediterranean Strategy on Culture. For the first time, the need for a coherent strategic vision was expressed and a mandate was given at the political level for the preparation of a regional Strategy on Culture that will have to be adopted by consensus by all partners of the Union for the Mediterranean. With the objective to draft a demand driven strategy responding to the needs of the cultural field in partner countries, the EC has commissioned a report to identify strategic areas for both the public authorities and the civil society. A team of two experts worked on the current document to provide data analyzing the needs of the cultural sector and suggesting priorities and orientations for the elaboration of this strategy, taking into account the already existing initiatives/tools in this field2. The design of this strategy takes place in a specific political context at a Euro- Mediterranean level, and is part of the overall positive developments concerning the role of culture in external relations: both the political and the cultural framework experienced major shifts over the past two years. The first phase of the Euromediterranean political and cultural framework The Barcelona Declaration3, signed in 1995 by all the member countries of the Euro- Mediterranean region, marked the very first milestone of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. It defined the main axes of the political, economic and socio-cultural framework of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, underlining the role of the cultural sector as the core of its 3rd pillar. Following to the Barcelona Declaration recommendations, the Euromed Heritage and Euromed Audiovisual programmes, specifically dealing with cultural issues, were launched in the 2000 decade and are still continuing today. The establishment of the Anna Lindh Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures in the Mediterranean in 2005 was another step towards fostering networking and offering support to various projects proposed by cultural operators from the civil society4. Besides these frameworks, several other programmes, though not especially dedicated to culture, were used to fund cultural projects in Southern Mediterranean countries, such as Euromed Youth, Partnership for Peace or European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights. Other programmes focussing on research (FP6), education (tempus Mundus),
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