2

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: THE PRESIDENT : ON SUSK Andriy Makuch :

change in attitude is necessary. • • The book of Samuel relates how This idea was reiterated uyzbyf the young David stood before • Marijka Hurko in opening the I8th S • Goliath and proclaimed his In- Congress this year, and for- tention slay him. The giant was 2 3 to malized by Andrij Semotiuk's.© • amazed and took tight the threat; presentation of "The Ukrainian • subsequently, he was struck down • Students' Movement In Context" J • by a well-thrown rock. Since then, (to be printed in the next issue of • giants have taken greater heed of 2 STUDENT). It was a most listless such warnings. 2 STUDENT • Congress - the • seek and disturbing " I am not advocating we 11246-91 St. ritual burying of an albatross wish to J Edmonton. Alberta 2 Goliaths to slay, but rather mythology. There were no great • underline that a well-directed for- Canada TSB 4A2 funeral orations, no tears cried. ce can be very effective • par- • No one cared. Not that they were f ticularly if it is judiciously applied. the - incapable of it, but because , SUSK must keep this in mind over , £ entire issue was so far removed 5 9• the coming yeayear. The problems ' trom their own reality (especially ft . t we, as part off thett Ukrainian corn- - those attending their first " £ . community, no face are for- - Congress), that they had no idea • midable, andi theretht is neither time of why they should. Such a sad and bi-monthly news- nor manpower to waste. "STUDENT" is a national tri- ft spectacle must never be repeated by • The immediate necessity is to students and is published - entrenched Ideas can be very • paper for Ukrainian Canadian realistically assess our priorities 2 limiting. Students' Union (SUSK). • and actions. SUSK has developed 2 the Ukrainian Canadian Many people have expressed # a tradition of fantastic analyses the J relief that the National Executive forum for fact and opinion reflecting Zand solutions which, -for several 2 "STUDENT" is a is now out West (perhaps a reten- © topics: _ years now, it has been unable to Canadian students on various tion of the stigma that society interests of Ukrainian substantiate. The result has been 2 here is less decadent? fresher 5 cultural, political and religious. • incomplete or unfeasible grant social, and more dynamic?). That in itself ft projects, a loss of credibility repre- will not solve our problems, for it and thoughts expressed in "STUDENT" (especially among member 2 The opinions is not likely we will find a Moses « the Ukrainian Cana- organizations), the unpleasant particular situation in which here to lead us into the wilder- sent the • Inheritance of large debts, and 2 both within the Ukrain- ness. We have no ready answers, dian student movement finds itself, most severely, a loss of momen- J This should be a year of crucial • within Canadian society. • turn. No longer able to sustain the ian Canadian community and debate with STUDENT as an ex- • "movement" as it once existed, cellent forum ( it will be appearing ft articles and letters for control "we are back to square one. It was We reserve the right to edit J monthly). Local clubs hopefully 2 • a long time coming "' " matters. stimulate some discussion1 on length, taste and legal Successive congresses (since f J from the resolutions (No. 16, in par- • 1974 in my own recollection) have J ticular) and will participate ac- « 2 failed to resolve anything. Too of- tively in the pages ot STUDENT. STUDENT STAFF ten, rhetoric is confused with 2 Finally, it appears that the next • relevant discussion ft Congress will be crucial in deter- • EDITOR--IN—CHIEF — Nestor Makuch The departing address of the mining whether or not a Ukrainian • 1975-76 SUSK President, Sheila students' movement is still alive in ASSISTANT EDITORS — Mariika Hryn, Yuriy Stebelsky Slobodzian, critisized these futile 2 Canada. The future lies with the • "long-winded never-ending brain- individual students themselves. _ STAFF THIS ISSUE storming sessions"; ironically 2 Being an incurable optimist, enough, this was shortly after the 1 think SUSK's future is very im-# Jars Balan Olenka Lupul • Congress had passed 38 grueling portant. resolutions. But she was right - a 2 Luba Boyarchuk Andriy Makuch Bohdan Chomiak Kathy Polushin Vera Dumyn Myron Pyskir 18th SUSK Zorjan Hrom'iak Helen Savaryn

Ivan Javorsky Irka Scharabun CONGRESS Ivan Javorsky Daria Luciw Larissa Sembaliuk The 18th National SUSK publicized in the Ukrainian press. (Ukrainian Canadian Students' The 1977-78 executive was then Union) Congress was held in Van- elected. 18th CONGRESS couver from August 24-28, with Ihe composition of the new executive is as follows: NUS BACKS CZECH AND over 100 students from all parts POLISH OPPOSITION of Canada participating. Some of President: Andriy LEADERS the special invited speakers at the RESOLUTIONS Mak'jr.h (Edmonton) Congress were Andrii Semotiuk, -Vice-President Responaibl- Nad a Kazymyra, and Roman e for Multiculturalism: University ot British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.. August 28, 1977 Pet ryshyn, who spoke about David Lupul (Ottawa) SUSK in the late sixties and early -Vice-President Respon- (Unless otherwise indicated, all resolutions were passed with seventies, some aspects of the The recent conference of the sible for External significant majority). early history of the Ukrainian National Union of Students Liaison: Taras community in Canada, and the (Britain) mandated its represen- Pavlyshyn (Winnipeg) sociology of Ukrainians in tatives lo press for speakers from -Vice-President Respon- Defence Com- Whereas the constitution ot the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union Canada, respectively. the Polish Workers sible for Human Rights: 77 provides that one of its specific aims is "the realization of a Other questions discussed at mittee in Warsaw and Charter Roma Andrusiak (Toron- in Czechoslovakia to address the progressive multicultural and multilingual Canadian society," and e Congress were the present to) . European situation in Quebec (Marc Hufty, a next meeting of the -Secretary: Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union the representative of the Association Students' Union, scheduled lo recognises that -Treasurer: Ivan in November Federal government has consistently failed to support the aspirations Nationate des Etudiants take place in Poland Javors'kyi (Edmonton) Students' con- of Canada's ethnocultural groups to develop within Canada such a Quebecois, spoke on this topic), of this year. The •Editor o( Student: challenged the progressive multicultural and multilingual society, and student dissidents in ference also Nestor Makuch (Ed- decision to hold the meeting in Ukraine (Roma Andrusiak), and monto n) the venue Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union recognises that there Canadian constitutional Poland, arguing that -Assistant Editors: Yuriy protest the is a need for the creation of an independent government body to super- debate (Volodymyr Kuplovs'kyi). should be changed to Stebelsky (Edmonton), Polish workers vise, monitor, assess and report on the Federal Government's Im- Bohdan Zherebets'kyi conducted repression of Mariika Hryn (Toronto) strikes against the plementation of its policy of multiculturalism and to ensure that such dance seminar, while Prof. following the -Past President: Mariika policy is effected to its fullest extent and also developed as and when Valerian Revuts'kyi spoke on lood price increases last year. Hurko (Toronto) The far left in the student required, Ukrainian drama and theatre and movement have been fighting the lakiv Maldanyk, well-known The National SUSK office will Be ft Moved That this Congress directs the National Executive to com- present leadership of the NUS for Ukrainian Canadian caricaturist now be located in Edmonton, at mence specific action directed at having the Federal Government ap- several years now over the need and painter, reminisced about his Ihe following address: 11246-91 point a Commissioner ot Multiculturalism to assume such respon- for an active campaign against past. Congress participants also Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T5B sibility. repression in East European had an opportunity to hear Leonid 4A2. The existing office In Toron- countries and the Soviet Plyushch, who was attending maintained #2 to will continue to be Union. It was minority socialist the World Federation for Mental as an eastern regional office at Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union recognizes the members of the Students' Health Congress being held in the following address: 191 Lip- desirability and effectiveness of having both the National Union of National Executive that argued Vancouver. pincotl Street, Toronto, Ontario, Students and L'Associatlon National des Etudiants Quebecois promote against the Czech puppet student On the last day of the Congress M5S 2P3. and recognize the issues of multiculturalism, union CSUV being represented at resolutions (the full text of which The new executive wishes to the International Seminar on are reproduced elsewhere in this thank the Vancouver Ukrainian 6« ft Resolved That the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union im- Chile held in 1975. The decisions issue) were discussed and voted Students' Club, especially mediately Initiate In are, contact with the NUS and Aneq order to encourage by the student Iris t this last conference upon assembled Congress co-coordinators these national organizations to adopt a favourable position on the con- however, the first time that the delegates. It was moved that the Achtemichuk and Vera Yelenluk, cept of multiculturalism and to promote It in all spheres ot their ac- proposals of the socialist two most widely discussed for an excellent job of organizing tivity. be minority have been actually adop- resolutions (nos. 12 and 13) the Congress. ted as policy by the Student's #3 Conference, t Whereas the character of the struggle for national social justice in and Special thanks to John Mockler and the Alberta Han- Ukraine is in a constant state of flux, determined by various local and (Reprinted in part from Labour international forces, and Focus on Eastern Europe, No. 2, dicapped Forum Ltd. May/June, 1977) STUDENT

Whereas personal contact between the clubs and the National IT IS NOT SOVIET Executive is essential to establishing strong cooperation the Whereas the current opposition movement in Ukraine has based its among SOCIETY THAT members of the Unbn, defence of human rights on the humanitarian sections ot the Helsinki PRODUCES •DISSIDENTS' Be It Moved That Eastern and Western accords on European Security and Cooperation, and representatives of the National THEY ARE CREATIONS Or Executive undertake atleast one visitation to clubs in their respective BOURGEOIS PROPAGAN- regions. Whereas pershaps for the first time in recent history the Ukrainian op- #10 DA"* positionists have taken the offensive In the struggle for human rights VeraDumyn Whereas the files and archives of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' by forming The Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation Union There have been mounting are of great value to students of Ukrainian Canadian history, and signs of the Helsinki Accords, resulting in repressions, persecutions, arrests Whereas the files and archives of a stricter policy towards and leading of SUSK have not been used to the to assaults upon them by KGB authorities, and dissent in the Soviet Union during fullest extent by the me mbership and successive executives of SUSK, the past nine months. Be ff Moved That the Congress ratifies the contract negotiated by the Among the Whereas the history of the dissent movement in Ukraine can be charac- principal casualties in this president ot SUSK and the Public Archives of Canada In the matter of cam- terized by, firstly, appeals to the government and party grounded in the paign are members of the Public donating SUSK tiles to the party ot the second part. consitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and most Further, Group to Promote the Im- Be It Moved That the Congress directs the National recently by appeals to Executive plementation the other signing member states of the Helsinki to prepare the files tor ol the Helsinki Ac- an orderly transfer to the Public Archives of accords in an attempot to hold these governments to their word, and Canada. cords In the USSR and its bran- #11 ches. Whereas there is threat The Helsinki monitoring groups presently the imminent of a possible govern- Whereas Leonid Plyushch is the only Soviet Ukrainian oppositionist to ment pogrom on the in gained support during I976 when opposition movement the USSR, and therefore be released by the Soviet authorities and currently living in the West, there is a need today for agitation to prompt the governments that and international sentiment against the political repression in the signed the Helsinki accords to act In defence of the oppositionists, and Whereas he has demonstrated himself to be the most ' among active of Soviet Union East all former Soviet and European political dissidents working in defence of his Whereas the Ideological and inter-party Internecine comrades, hitherto countries forced leaders of strife within the the victims of repression by Internment in camps, Ukrainian community is prisons the European Stalinist parties and an Impedement to the need to defend the and psychiatric asylums for their political views, and dissent movement in CP-led trade unions to condemn Ukraine, and therefore there Is a need for a com- Whereas Leonid Plyushch has shown himself to be a consistent and mon single united front violations of democratic rights in to help the dissent movement in Ukraine, and outspoken proponent of the right of the Ukrainian nation to self- Whereas the USSR. This in turn, pressured the situation In Ukraine Is becoming critical and successively determination and of Ukraine's independence within a democratic worse, the Soviet bureaucracy to release Ukrainian state, recognizing that only state independence will realise two prominent dissidents national and social justice for the Ukrainian nation, and Be / Resolved Thet SUSK recognizes that: Vladimir Bukovsky and Leonid Whereas the Kyiv-based Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Im- Plyushch. So long as the main 1) It Is not sufficient to be satisfied with plementation of the Helsinki Accords has named Leonid Plyushch to conferences, seminars and pressure on behalf of the dissiden- random Individual support for the dissent the media be the representative of the Grouo in the West. movement among ts came from leaders of Com- government. Be it Moved That the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union supports and and munist parties and represen- recommends Leonid Ptyushch's activity In defence of human rights tatives of the trade unions, it was 2) It II Important and all political prisoners in the Soviet Union. to have mass petition-writing campaigns to the difficult for the Soviet leadership (The above resolution was passed unanimously} Canadian government, the Opposition party end civic groups, and to to justify imprisoning these assault on the Canadian media. Initiate an #12 dissidents as 'agents of foreign cross-ideological Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian Committee is a um- reaction'. organizations Further, SUSK calls on its member clubs, In cooperation with existing brella organization coordinating Ukrainian Canadian However, the Soviet govern- defence groups to: social and cultural trends, whose roots are founded in various political, ment regained the initiative again- and st political dissidents after Whereas the Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine is seeking 1) Organize mass letter wilting and petition campaigns, rallies and January, 1977, when the US State to impose an anti-socialist, totalitarian and reactionary posture to the demonstrations in defence of human rights in Ukraine and other parts Department and President Jimmy Ukrainian Canadian Committee by exercising its veto power against the of the Soviet Union. Carter issued statements of 'con- invitation extened to Leonid Plyushch to address the 12th Ukrainian cern' for human rights in the 2) Solicit support from other student organizations in SUSK's ef- Canadian Congress on the pretense of his holding democratic, Soviet Union. Following the arrest forts. humanitarian Marxist and atheist convictions, and of Helsinki monitoring group Whereas Leonid Plyushch is an outspoken advocate of the Ukrainian members in February, I977 the nation's right to self-determination, proponent of an independent Soviet bureaucracy has tried to Whereas information in the area of human rights and Ukraine is a pre- Ukrainian state as the only vehicle to realizing national and social discredit the oppositional requisite to effective defence work, justice for the Ukrainian people, and official representative of the movement in the USSR by im- current oDDOsitionist struggle in the Ukraine today. the leadership of the plicating dissidents with foreign Be It Resolved That SUSK strive to make such Information available by Be It Moved That this Congress condemns the han- espionage agencies and encouraging each member club to establish a book-table dispensing Canadian League tor the Liberation ot Ukraine tor playing into of the struggle nationalist organizations. literature on dissent In the Soviet Union. ds ot the KGB by slandering the official representative behalf ot this same Furthermore, by fabricating in Ukraine and by obstructing defense work on links between these organizations struggle. and individual dissidents, the Whereas the publication of STUDENT has been constantly stated as a (Passed by a overwhelming majority) Soviet government, "in Us charges priority for Ukranian Canadian students, and _ _ #13 ot treason, raises the real Whereas (fie Ukrainian Canadian community supports the national possibility o< death sentences for Whereas STUDENT has been printed on an irregular basis in the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people for an independent Ukraine, those who establish any contact previous two years, and with Westerners, particularly Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian community supports the right of all correspondents and iournallsts. Be It Moved That the publication of STUDENT be a prime concern of nations to self-determination, and Concretely, the charge ot SUSK and that atleast four issues be published during the forthcoming Whereas the Ouebecois nation is struggling for the right to self- treason has been levelled at at academic year. determination and national sovereignity, Union recognizes least one ot the founding mem- Be It Moved That the Ukranian Canadian Students' bers of the Moscow Helsinki the Ouebecois' right to self-determination In their struggle for in- monitoring group - Anatoly Sh- Whereas STUDENT is a cross-ideological publication reflecting the dependence. charansky. Treason is defined in views of Ukrainian Canadian students, and Furthermore, a sovereign Independent state being the highest ex- Article 64 ot the Russian Criminal pression of the will of a national people, we support such a right to Code (Art.56.Ukr.)* 'as consisting Whereas SUSK is a federation of Ukrainian Students' Clubs which func- self-determination provided that all national minority rights be preser- ot the following acts: tions in both internal, le. coordinating, and external, ie. representative, ved within such a state. to engage in espionage capacities, #14 leadership ot the -to transmit state or military Be it Resolved That the resolution condemning the playing Into the han- secrets to a foreign state Be ft Moved. That STUDENT grant equal weight to both national and Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine tor abroad or to refuse local club Interests by having a number of clubs, specifically ds of the KGB by slandering the official representative ot the struggle -to flee on behalf of this same to return from abroad - Toronto in Ukraine, and by obstructing defence work render aid to a foreign Edmonton struggle, as well as the resolution supporting the Ouebecois' right to -to state in carrying on hostile Winnipeg self-determination in their struggle for Independence, be disseminated activity against the USSR. allUkralnlan newspapers by the National Executive. Vancouver - Saskatoon to Article 64's broad definition of submission to directly undertake the gathering ot materials for #15 again- of the Ukranian Canadian treason makes it applicable for approximately Whereas the basic constitutional structure STUDENT. Each ot these culbs will be responsible has had con- Committee, in providing the six malor member organizations with the st any dissident who In a given issue. The other halt will be gathered by the halt the articles with individuals or groups prohibits of the democratic tact editorial board's solicitation. right of veto, consequently the exercise ot me UKranian Canadian community, and from the West. government Whereas the Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine (LVU) has To date the Soviet presented no evidence that Whereas STUDENT is a national forum for the exchange ot opinion exercised its veto to prevent Leonid Plyushch from addressing the 12th has or any other among Ukrainian students, and National Ukrainian Canadian Congress, and Shcharansky provided military Whereas the right of veto granted to the six major organizations within dissident secrets to the CIA. The publicized Whereas STUDENT requires the cooperation of its members to raise the Ukranian Canadian Committee has in fact been exercised, thereby Lipavsky in March advertising revenues and to submit articles and indeed, has been allowing the retention of organizational community control by non- testimony of S. 8th issues of 'Izvestia' dependent on individual initiative, and democratic means, by a single organization, 4 and May Students' Union strongly con- purporting to link dissidents to the Be It Moved That the Ukranian Canadian CIA contained no evidence. Fur- Whereas it is estimated that the annual budget for a four-issue year of demns all six major organizations in the Ukrainian Canadian Com- thermore. President Carter's con- STUDENT will be $2,000. mittee tor their unfailing use and unquestioning support ot the rignt ot science provoked him into stating veto, thereby undemocratlcally denying and suppressing the fun- categorically that Shcharansky Be It Moved That advertising for STUDENT be collected by local damental right ot unhindered self-expression ot political, social and was not employed by the CIA. Ukrainian Students' Clubs, with the following recommendations: cultural views ot Ukrainians holding various convictions. government's cam- recommendations: #16 The Soviet paign is not directed exclusively at this Congress that the relationship between citizens. An example that Calgary $750. Whereas It Is evident from its own National ex- Saskatoon.... $200. the various clubs of SUSK and the functioning of the dramatizes the bureaucracy's clamping down Vancouver.... $100. Executive needs re-evaluation, treme reaction in with the Edmonton $200. on its citizens' contacts clubs be asked to present position is recent arrest of a Winnipeg $200. Be /( Moved That the Individual West the club mem- Andrij Hamilton $100. papers to the National Exectuve which would contain the British student-teacher, in the Waterloo $50 bers' opinions as to what Issues should be priorities for SUSK Klymchuk in Ukraine. later than Western Radio Kiev an- Toronto $400. future. These papers are to be presented no the On August 5, the had Conference and their contents should become the main concern of nounced that the KGB Klymchuk. 21, while Whereas it is deslreable to decentralize the responsibility of the next Congress. detained Ukraine with a tour group STUDENT editorial staff in the particular areas of collecting articles visiting According to the and advertising, from England. announcement, Klymchuk was ar- the Ukrainian Canadian Committee engaged in 'hostile acts' and 8e It Moved That Regional Correspondents coordinate funding and Be It Resolved That the position ot carried with him 'photographic ticle submissions In their respective areas. These will be, British representative be deleted abd from an Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. dims with coded reports Canadian Committee centre of Ukrainian Be It Resolved That the position ot the Ukrainian emigre responsibilities delegeted to the Vice- bourgeois nationalists abroad Further, Be It Moved That the above mentioned Regional Correspon- representative be deleted and Its the and be held responsible to the president responsible tor External Llason. dents be appointed by Congress Cont'd on p. 16 Congress. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ !

Page 4 STUDENT

SOVIET PSYCHIATRIC ABUSE CONDEMNED Zorjan Hrom'jak to include as part of the Congress Plyushch's factual The struggle to combat the program sessions concerning and objective presentation of psychiatry tor political themselves with political abuses abuse of psychiatric abuse, throughout the world, Soviet of psychiatry. purposes former Leningrad intensified corroborated by has become especially Although t he Soviet psychiatrist and oppositionist past few years due to the delegations attempted in the Marin Marina Voikhanskaya. had concensus amongst democratic manipulations were again ob- both a profound emotional and in- forces that psychiatry is an ex- vious, by their boycotting all tellectual effect on the Congress. tremely powerful science and sessions aimed at the in- Plyushch's and Voikhanskaya s iheretore, the ramifications of its vestigation of psychiatric abuse in testimonies, the invaluable rote ot abuse are particularly dangerous. the Soviet Union, and by their workshop coordinator Dr. N. Hirt, threatening to withdraw from the Eslablished international along with the crucial con- W.P.A. due to this investigative ac- organizations such asAmnesty In- tributions of his psychiatrist tivity, the congress heard ternational, many ad hoc or par- colleagues Drs. Bloch and Clark testimony from Leonid Plyushch, ticular inleresl defense com- of the United Kingdom and Dr. . Drs. Voikhanskaya and Bloch and mittees, and concerned people Freidman of the U.S., and the ef- others on this subject. The efforts throughout the world have had fort of the workshop participants, of Plyushch and the Western their work in this capacity rein- led to the final acceptance and psychiatrists involved, were rewar- forced by recenl international ex- passing by the executive of the ded when the Congress passed a posure and censuring of W.F.M.H. a resolution con- resolution by a vote of 90 to 88, psychiatric abuse in the Soviet demning the Soviet Union for its censuring the Soviet Union for its bloc nations, Soulh East Asia, abuse of psychiatry for political abuse of psychiatry as a tool of other thin gs Soulh America, etc. purposes. Amongst , political repression, asked the govern- Ihe resolulion Furthermore, t he congress of Ihe U.S.S.R. "for the im- The world became aculely ment voted, by 121 lo 66. to establish a mediate release of all dissidents aware of the abuse of psychiatry permanent com mi I lee I in- LEONID PLYUSHCH have been inappropriately in the Soviet Union when in 1971. in who vestigate the political resolution fur- Leonid Ivanovych Plyushch, a This blatanl abuse of a letter smuggled to the West, hospitalized". The manipulation of psychialry active suppori tor Soviet Ukrainian mathematician, psychiatry for the purposes of Vladimir Bukovsky appealed to ihe ther called for anywhere in the world. of Soviet allef a lour year incarceration in Soviet political expediency so in- Congress of Ihe World Federalion present victims Although to dale, the Soviet notably, for Soviet prisons, ol which two and censed all concerned and for Mental Health in Mexico City, psychialric abuse, delegation has not wi indrawn psychiatrist half years were spent in a democratically minded people 10 invesligate abuse of psychialry Ukrainian-Jewish from the W.P.A., the humiliation Seymon Gluzman. 'psychiatric hospital" (asylum), in the Soviet Union. and chagrin it has suffered in- Immediately after his par- was released on January 8, 1976 ternationally from the Iwo W.P.A. that at an international defense ticipation in the W. F. M K following an international cam- resolutions and the resolution campaign, beginning with the More recently, the international Congress, Plyushch flew to paign on his behalf, and passed by the W.F.M.H. is evident Hawaii to attend the 6th Congress Soviel Initiative Group and in- defense campaign for Leonid emigrated to the West. He Psychiatric from its vitriolic condemnations of cluding Amnesty International, Plyushch, is an example of the of the World resides in Paris with his all those associated in presently Association fW.P.A.) in Honolulu The Internalional Committee of struggle locate and alleviate in- (e and their two sons. engineering the resolutions. Mathematicians, Weslern dividual cases of psychiatric (August 28-Sept ember 3).As described in their publications, Born in 1939, Plyushch finished psychiatrists, and a multitude of abuse. Plyushch's case, however, According to its ostensible the Working Group on the In- the faculty of mechanics and defense groups (Ukrainian and was only a symptom ol a much commitment to the Helsinki Ac- sickness, ternment of Dissenters in Mental mathematics at Kiev University in other) was initiated. Heated deeper and widespread cords, the Uniled Nation's ex- Hospitals has indicated how the 1962. Until 1968, he worked as an debale in the British and Spanish, and exposed the political Declaration of Human Rights and and Soviet Union has attempted to engineer-mathematician at the but particularly, in the French and pediency of a degenerate the resolutions of the W.F.M.H manipulate Ihe W.P.A. in order to Cybernetics Institute of the Dalian Communist Parties, keenly corrupt socio-economic syslem. and Ihe W.P.A., the Soviet Union of to concerned cover up their notorious abuse Academy of Sciences of the followed and encouraged by the 11 became evident will be forced to accept these During ils ten-year in- of the world lhat the psychiatry. USSR broad left, led to the con- people newly created parameters volvement in the W.P.A. the Soviel demnaiion and censuring by causes of these particular through which' further incidents dealt delegation led by such From 1966 Plyushch wrote let- these European parties must be vestigation of Soviet psychiatric of the psychiatrists" as M. Vartanyan, ters to samvydav where he Communist Party of with concurrently. The struggle abuses will be attempted and the Soviet G. Morozov, and Snezhnevsky, of in- discussed Ihe anti-democratic Union (CPSU) for its anti- took on an aspecl an which will hopefully lead to some lied to coer- I politics has continuously and nature and practise of the Soviet democratic abuses of human and lernalional approach lo alleviation of the current ced fellow delegations lo the regime vis-a-vis the nafional and psychiatric ethics. problems of psychiatric abuse civil rights. W.P.A. to remain oblivious to, or question, human rights, ideology, and political manipulation of silent about its repeated breaches etc., and signed psychiatry in the world especially a number of of psychiatric ethics. Leonid Plyushch, an individual in the public appeals and petitions to In fact, it has been theorized Soviet Union T he scenario al t he 1977 that the example ot a person vic- democratize Soviet society. phenomenon of "Euro- notably and liberated from, Congress was however Communism" and the European timized by, In conclusion, one can only ac psychiatric abuse for political pur- different. 1968 Plyushch CPs' gradual breaking from the cord to Leonid Plyushch and l was poses, has become a spokesper- The delegation of psychiainsls dominance of the CPSU is in pari those aforementioned westerr dismissed from his job at the son for ihe inlernational struggle from Ihe U.K., the U.S.. Australia, psychiatrists, to the formers' of their immense con Academy of Sciences for his let- due acceptance against abuses of psychiatry. and Canada, and many individual tr the principles and cause cham- ibution to the internationa ter to ihe newspaper Kom- psychiatrists responding lo Ihe struggle for freedom ant pioned by Leonid Plyushch and somol's'ka Pravda protesting calls ol the 'Public Group to democracy, by Iheir bringing to Ihe people whom he defends; the illegal and unfounded In conjunction with this con- Promote the Observance of Ihe world attention the abominable Moroz. Chornovil, Svitlychnyj, etc. arrests and conviclions of human cern, Plyushch was invited to al- Helsinki Agreements in the conditions of psychiatric abust righfs activists A. Ginzburg and tend the 17th Congress of Ihe U SS R." (headed by Prof. Yurij lor political purposes in the Soviel Yu. Galanskov. World Federation for Mental Orlov), many western Union, and their success in begin Since his emigration psychiatrists In 1969 Hlyushch became a to the Health, Vancouver, B.C., August mentioned earlier, ning to break barriers of am West, Plyushch and most member of the Initiative Group has untiringly 21-26, 1977, as a delegate and par- nolably Leonid Plyush- bivalence, fear and apathy, in ihe for the Defense of Human Rights devoted ail his time to writing ticipant in the Congress ch. to investigate Soviet world regarding the anti in the USSR. and speaking on the conditions of workshop on "Psychiatric Ethics psychiatric abuse, created a democratic and anti-progressive life in the Soviet Union, and Incarceration". powerful lobby force in Honolulu alure ol the Soviet regime unequivocally defending In 1972 Plyushch was arrested human and civil righls, national by the KGB and imprisoned for self determination anti-Soviet agitation and for Ukraine and all republics, socialist democracy propaganda" . After an examination at the notorious Ser- bs ky Institute of Forensic Psychiatry — diagnosed him as suf- Plyushch has been particularly fering from "sluggish active, as a member of the In- schizophrenia" characterized by lernational Committee Against messianic and reformist ideas", Repression: East and West, con- he was incarcerated al the demning the Soviel Union's abuse Dnipropetrovs'k Special Mental of psychialry for political pur- Hospital. poses.

in aoaition, Plyushch was the For the next Iwo and a half chief spokesperson lor ttu- years Plyushch was tortured by Helsinki Monitoring Commiltees physical abuse and ad- in ihe Soviet Union at the nisi ration of "neuroleptic" Belgrade conference to review Iho drugs, haloperidol, triltazln etc., Helsinki accords.which was held and insulin with the intention of in June of this year in Belgrade deslroying him mentally and Yugoslavia, and which uonlmue? physically in order to extract from this lall. He leads a five member him a retraction of his beliefs. In group ot tormer Soviel dissidents addition, Plyushch was confined Lyudmyla Alekseyeva, Vladimir with violent and mentally Bukovsky, Valery Chalidze and deranged criminals, wilh whom Andrei Amalrik, each of whom had , conlinous and were appointed by the Helsinki unavoidable confrontations. Groups themselves.

A lurlher indication of the As indicated by the commision strength and perseverence of ol Plyushch by the Helsinki Plyushch was the unanimous Monitoring Committees of the agreement by all western Soviet Union lo be iheir western psychiatrists who examined him representative and by in- after his release, that although formation from Soviet sam- his health would be permanently vydav/samizdat literature damaged due to the barbaric ad- smuggled to Ihe Wesi. il is ministration of drugs, Plyushch evident thai Leonid Plyushch is showed absolutely no sign ol ithe de facto spokesperson for the mental illness, and was totally opposil ion movement of the sane. Soviel Union " STUDENT Page 5

STUDENTS DEMOS IN ESTONIA Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union Vera Dumyn CDSPP militant protecting The massive and us". The entrance to An estimated minimum of student demonstrations of I968 the City Hall Square was barred by 10,000 political prisoners Is now have shown that student solidarity police who photographed and known to exist in the Soviet can constitute a powerful political filmed the demonstrators for later Union, according to Amnesty In- force capable of challenging the identification. Someof the studen- ternational's Report of 1975. This EASTERN institutions of a society. Often the ts managed to reach the Square number is incongruous with the common characteristic of student and tear down the banner that had democratic rights guaranteed in CONFERENCE movements in the I960's and early been set up in celebration of the Soviet Constitution, such as I970's was the students' ex- Soviet Constitution Day (Decem- freedom of speech, press, assem- pression of deep dissatisfaction ber 5), shouting "Up your ass bly, worship, travel and elections. with the quality of life, the Russia, you tormentor of the Hopes of liberalization in the established values, and the Estonian people". post-Stalin period resulted in the system asawhole. Most of the students that were In Soviet Union and East arrested were released emergence of an opposition to WHERE: McMaster University (Hamilton, Ont.) the the the government's policies on European countries, hopes sprang following day on the condition cultural, literary and national up for democratization of student that they sign statements. During life the I960's. After the the following questions, and In the growth of during week every student numerous underground WHEN: October 21-23,1977 crushing of the Prague Spring in in the city of Tartu had to give writ- publications. However, since the Czechoslovakia in 1968, all such at- ten explanation of what they did mid-1960's the Soviet regime has tempts were halted. Tighter on the night of December 3-4. political controls were instituted News ot this demonstration responded to this movement with over student activities. reached the West when some of mass arrests and trials. Today, WHAT: Topics to be discussed include human the participants of Ihe imprisonment of Soviet op- One of the consequences of this demon- stration sent a letter informing the positionists, and in some cases, rights of Soviet stringent political censorship ol and the defense political Estonian emigre com munily in their confinement to psychiatric student life recently surfaced in Stockholm of the demonstration. prisons necessitates a response the form of a massive student dissidents. A dance will also be held on Satur- This letter ends with the following of solidarity from all democratic demonstration in the university of statement: forces In the West. town Tartu, in Estonia, on day, Oct. 22 , at the Ukrainian Cultural Center. There exist a number of com- December 3-4, 1976. Soviet army Censorship, and the distor- units were put on alert special tion and inadequacy of in- mittees in Canada which concern and contingents of officials formation, of which young themselves with the plight of in- KGB were people are acutely aware; dividual or group cases. flown into Estonia's largest student centre when the lack of prospects for However, the committee feels spontaneous demonstrations threatened to get sincere self-realization and there is a need for a broader WRITE TO: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION out of the bureaucracy's hands. an honest career; the sen- based committee which would The demonstration was an ex- selessness of so-called take up the defense of all Soviet pression of the students' comm u I work and Is political prisoners, on a similar UKRAINIAN STUDENTS' McMASTER dissatisfaction with the constant bureaucracy (Komsomol); basis to the already existing com- and increasing political control of - the constant oppressive mittees in New York, Paris, Lon- ASSOCIATION student activities. control of political officials, don, and Toronto. The demonstration was sparked security men, and in- This committee will defense be BOX 303 by the sudden cancellation ot a formers; Ihe ever increasing operating within the following live-band concert at Tartu State emphasis placed on framework: McMASTER UNIVERSITY University because of the Marxist 'religious' topics (1) The Committee will base all of "program 's acuteness and and military training; the its actions on the defence of HAMILTON, ONTARIO political nuances". The students, recent worsenng ol living of in democratic rights all people who had bought tickets in ad- conditions (the rising cost Cont'd, on p.13 vance, were locked out of the of living and the shortages university and interpreted the can- of some foodstuffs) —all cellation as another example ol this constitutes a censorship of student activities. background sufficient for Students began to encircle the expression s ol dissatisfac- police and pelt them with bricks at tion. The direct cause may RESOLUTION 12 which time police vans arrived often be incidental. The only lo find that the size and in- mutiny on the battleship tensity of Ihe demonstration was Poiemkin in 1905, was PLVUSCH) quickly acquiring massive propor- provoked by worm-infested (LIGA GREETS tions. thai to be fed to When the vans were forced meal was out ol the university courtyard by the sailors. Completely rot- the demonstrators, a certain ten spiritual food that has Mvkola Khyshevych degree of solidarity developed been fed lo the young in- within Ihe demonstration whch tellectuals of Tartu tor decision on inspired the students to broaden years finally caused a spon- Delegates to the 18th SUSK However, after the invitation ex- By reversing their Ihe invitation and moreover, the demonstration to include the taneous reaction Congress in Vancouver, represen- tended by the UCC was accepted UCC discredit Plyush- entire student population in Tartu The mililant student movemen- ting thousands of Ukrainian by Plyushch, the Canadian by continuing to When some reluctant students ts in Eastern Europe and the Canadian university students League for the Liberation of ch on the pretense of his asked in whose name were the Soviet Union have another com- the coun- Ukraine (a member organization humanitarian and democratic from campuses across mon characteristic (with the ex- Praesidium of Marxist convictions, the Canadian demonstrators ordering students try, unanimously ralleyed their full represented on the out of dormitories and inio the ception of Poland); their isolation the UCC) reversed its original League for the Liberation of support behind recently released from the working class. The lack Ukraine has overtly discarded its streets, the reply was, "In the Soviet Ukrainian oppositionist, decision and exercised its veto name ol student solidarity. Let's of close ties with Ihe workers' power to prevent Plyushch from mask of objectivity, regarding Leonid Plyushch. movement has its historical Ihe Ukrainian question, and demandstudent democracy". The of his active work in the addressing the 12th UCC In light that were; origins in the relative passivity of revealed its reactionary and slogans were chanted West in defense of all Soviet Congress. the workers who have been the borders" , "Freedom I totalitarian posture. "Open prisoners, and his out- Furthermore, the Canadian straight-iacketed in parties, political Assembly". "Live up to the Con- League for the Liberalion of The Ukrainian Canadian Com- spoken advocacy of the Ukrainian the unions which are dominated by permit the stitutiai," and "Down with self- Ukraine (LVU), it seems, has mittee can no longer privileged bureaucracies in nation's right to police". Four hou rs after the start Plyushch manifested more than just Canadian League f or t ha Eastern Europe the Soviet determination, Leonid of the demonstration, the ranks of and adament refusal to have Leonid Liberation of Ukraine, which has has become a symbol of the the protestors swelled from 300 Union. Whatever advantages the up- politically disqualified itself by Its democracy Plyushch appear at the s tudents ha ve in their articulation slruggle for socialist lo 1000, all marching towards the coming UCC Congress, by issuing handling of Plyushch, to in the USSR. Hall Square, where they were and concentration in huge its endeavors and to City directives to its local branches in- manipulate educational institutions cannot II with this spirit that SUSK police along the was the Ukrainian com- met by rows of its membership to misinform the fact that by them- along with the New York Com- structing streets. overcome ignore his speaking engagements munity at large." selves they do not possess ihe mittee in Defense of Soviet The students responded by work. It is therfore with deep concern or social weight ot a class Political Prisoners, launched a and discredit his defense pres sing themselves tightly number develop- for the future political develop- whch, by virtue of its essential •out for Leonid Plyushch to speak How are these current togelher and taunting the police ments to be understood? Can ment of the Ukrainian Canadian role in production, can stop the in major centres across Canada by chanting "Our police are community that an overwhelming functioning ot the economy. and the US. these irresponsible actions mean that Ihe Canadian for the majority of delegates to the 18th Consequently, it was hear- League Liberation of Ukraine, lends SUSK Congress, resolved to tening to be informed that the only condemn the leadership Praesidium of the Ukrainian conditional support" to Soviet strongly - Canadian League for the Canadian Committee (UCC) ex Ukrainian oppositionists, i.e., of the Liberation of Ukraine, for playing tended an invitation to Leonid defends them while they are in- into the hands of the KGB in ob- Plyushch to deliver a keynote ad- carcerated in prisons, labour cam- psychiatric asylums - structing delense work by un- dress on "Dissent in the Soviet ps and but their release justifiably slandering the official Union" at the 12th UCC Congress upon withdraws their slandering representative of the struggle in (Oct. 7-10), which would wind up support, and discrediting them with the same Ukraine, Leonid Plyushch. his North American speaking (he KGB altempts to ? tour. tactics as METAls a forum for critical analysis and discussion of coordinating the Ukrainian question, Eastern Europe and related in- Whereas the Ukrainian Canadian Committee is a cross-ideological umbrella organization and cultural trends, Ukrainian Canadian organizations whose roots are founded in various political, social ternational issues. and Issue 2 contains a comprehensive Dossier on Plyusch

an anti-socialist, ($1.50). Whereas the Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine Is seeking to impose exercising its veto power totalitarian and reactionary posture to the Ukrainian Canadian Committee by the 12th Canadian Congress on of against the invitation extened to Leonid Plyushch to address Ukrainian Issue 3-4, special double issue contains an analysis democratic, Marxist and atheist convictions, and 1 the pretense of his holding humanitarian the I976 Polish workers strike, an article on 'Makhno and nation self-determination, his other materials ($2.50). Whereas Leonid Plyushch is an outspoken advocate of the Ukrainian s right to Enemies', and to realizing national and social justice proponent of an independent Ukrainian state as the only behlcle and official representative of the current oppositionist struggle in the Ukraine for the Ukrainian people, Write to: today,

Canadian League for the Liberation ot Be It Moved That this Congress condemns the leadership ot the representative ot the struggle In P.O. BOX 324, Ukraine tor playing Into the hands ot the KGB by slandering the official by obstructing defense work on behalf ot this same struggle. STATION P, Ukraine and TORONTO. ONTARIO, (passed by an overwhelming majority) CANADA Page 6 STUDENT CIUS CONFERENCE UKRAINIAN CANADIANS, Dave Lupuf MULTICULTURALISM AND SEPARATISM one recognized in practice. as an attempt to dilute the A conference on the lopic of It is within Quebec itself that Roman Serbyn of the Universite de not Serbyn stressed that Canadians, original spirit of Confederation. Ukrainian Canadians, the Parti Ouebecois' desire to Quebec a Montreal and Professor on the other hand, must recognize In their eyes, it fails to recognize Multiculturalism and Separatism change the status ol English is Ivan Myhul ol Bishop's University this right in practice as well as in that Quebec has all the was held on September 9-11, 1977, focussed. "Numerically", Laurin presented papers on the topic of theory. prerequisites of a nation and at the University ot Alberta. Spon- stated, "the English-speaking "Separatism and Ethnic Groups in Laurin rejected the existing therefore, that French-speaking sored by the Canadian Institute of have been a minority, but they've Quebec". structure ot Quebecois cannot be treated as Ukrainian Studies, the aim of the always been an economic Professor Serbyn stressed the political Canada, that tederal Intrusions into simply an ethnic group "comme conference was to reassess the majority. English Quebecers have need for ethnic groups in Quebec stating provincial jurisdiction les autres". Quebecois wish to viability of the federal policy of often demonstrated some an- to lake Iheir own stand on the areas of have continually undermined at- safeguard their language and multiculturalism in view of the vic- tagonism, some indifference and issue of Quebec independence. It governments to culture within their own territory - tory of the pro-separatist Parti occasionally, some contempt lor would be disastrous to their in- tempts by Quebec the French language the province of Quebec. They are Ouebecois in last year's Quebec the French majority's culture". terests to mirror either the safeguard culture. not seeking a universal pan- provincial election. The English in Quebec remain "a Anglophone or Francophone and Quebecois Federal Canadian bilingualism in which powerful pole of attraction" lor positions with respect to the policies (which developed out of Biculturalism everyone should speak both Fren- THE PQ POSITION other minority groups who have issues facing Quebec in the the Bilingualism and ch and English. Rather, Laurin been persuaded by the English future. However, ethnic groups in Commission in the 1960's) directly situation stated, the Quebec government The opening address to the con- that the French would like nothing Quebec must realize the im- brought about the wishes to as ference was given by the more than their elimination. possibility ot returning to the whereby Quebec was "forced to see Quebec unilingually French as the rest of Honourable Camille Laurin, However, the new language position which they held during become bilingual while the rest ot unilingual the country is unilingually Minisler of Cultural Development charter which Laurin will im- the 1960's whereby they could live the country. ..(remained) obligation to English. for the Province of Quebec. Or. plement was designed to ensure in Quebec without having to and under no a Professor Laurin, the chief architect of I he survival ot French as the acquire a working knowledge of establish bilingualism as Myhul criticized the federal Quebec's new Charter of "national language". Having en- the French language. All non- policy". government's approach to the language Language Rights (widely known as sured that survival, Laurin stated, French, non-English minorities The minister claimed that the issue in Canada. He original of sees the debate Bill 101), spoke of the need for an independent Quebec would not should accept French as the of- confederation 1867 had over linguistic minorities lo ficial been political agreement by two policy in Canada as Quebec lo become independent if only allow keep their language of Quebec. But a revolving about two opposing It is to "join the mainstream of own cultural traditions and they must also insist on full founding peoples which guaran- conceptions of modern history." languages, but would actively -ecognition and support for the teed rights to both English and language rights. In the current federal Dr. Laurin claimed that "Quebec promote educational programs right ot minority groups to develop French-speaking Canadians. But version, bilingualism stan- ds for the principle doesn't want to be 'separated' to within the Quebec school system Iheir own language and culture the terms of this agreemenl have that all citizens have the isolate itself behind a wall of lo keep them alive. The govern- within whatever political structure been altered by English-speaking right to address their national China and to make Ouebecois an ment was in the midst of preparing ihe people of Quebec decide to Canadians, result ing in the government in Ottawa in the isolated, primitive tribe". He a study into the feasibility of vote for in the promised referen- present, unequal relationship bet- official language of their believes that the province already providing teaching in languages dum. ween Quebec and the rest of choice, as defined in the Official has sufficiently distinctive other lhan French or English at Prolessor Serbyn's view of the Canada. Confederation has failed Languages Act passed in 1969. the This kind cultural, social and economic in- elementary school level. Cour- independence issue is thai while due to the fact that Quebec's iden- of recognition of the stitutions lo be an autonomous ses at the secondary level in the Ukrainian-Canadians must sup- tity developed along lines distinc- language rights ot the individual is stale. Quebec simply wishes to history and culture of the larger port Quebec's right to self- tly different from that of English- consistent w Ith Trudeau's gain control over these in- ethnic groups such as the Italians, determination, they should not speaking Canada. philosophy ot liberalism, which is oriented stitutions in order that the Greeks, Jews and Ukrainians have give unqualified support to the in- Ouebecois see the present toward the rights ol the Ouebecois people may chart their also been suggested. dependence movement within federal policy of bilingualism Cont'd, on p.11 own future in the fields of cultural A second white paper on Quebec. He stressed that this within a multicultural framework and social policy. language is forthcoming in the fall should not be identified as being a of Dr. Laurin suggested that the this year, which would attempt Leninist policy with respect to the to define first step in gaining control of the place of minority national question in Quebec, languages these institutions would be for in Quebecois society. because Lenin's application of It would not Quebec lo altain independence propose Ihe this same position (with respect lo assimilation ol minority Irom Canada. Subsequent to in- groups lo the right of the Ukraine to self- Ihe French dependence, as a sovereign slate language but instead, determination in the period 1918- would seek their integration Quebec would be willing to surren- into 1924) was contradicted by the ac- ihe Francophone rather der part of ils national sovereignty than ihe tions of the Communist Party of Anglophone sector by entering into an economic ol Quebec which he was leader (for example, society. associaiion with the rest of the continual violations by the Canada. Bolsheviks rjy, Moscow of the However, such an arrangement ETHNIC GROUPS AND QUEBEC sovereignty o( Ihe Rada as well as would be satistactory only if Iheir opposition to the establish- Quebec is recognized as an equal Several sessions locussed on ment of an independent Ukrainian ethnic partner in ils association with the groups in Quebec and in Communist Party). Therefore, this rest of Canada. Canada as a whole. Prolessor right was merely a formal right and Drs. Bociurkfw, Lupul and Laurin

trust that my reader will The following remarks were be mind- academics but to the fact that THE EDMONTON CONFERENCE: ful of the tact initially prepared in the hope thai that he or she is en- most ot Ihe statements were so tering into the realm they could be delivered in the of personal general in their wording that ideas opinion. One Student's Opinion form of a statement contributing never confronted each other on If Jars I was lo sum up my objection Balan towards a discussion on the ihe common ground of meaning. in a single phrase It theme of "Multiculturalism and would be And surely the success of any government offices, editorial inreat ot "problem of definition," and it is con- economic sanctions lo Separatism. The Search for a dialectic is predicated on an un- ference rooms keep in here that I intend to begin and and university Quebec confederation — Ukrainian Consensus." Un- derstanding or mutual agreement end my comments about the con- campuses — lhat not even self- as Prolessor Tarnopolsky did, fortunately, this session - which concerning the terminology em- ference. I want proclaimed "separatists" joining the to start byi are as company, I might add, - concluded the conference had to ployed. As I recall, saying that although much of ofthepresen- yet in agreement on the explicit of such distinguished be cut short for reasons of time, men as discussion during the various meaning of ihe word. It seems to Trudeau' and Blakeney — is like and the opportunity to express presentations was intelligent, me that most non-Francophone playing with fire in a haystack. these ideas never presented it- stimulating, occasionally witty Canadians simply cloud the issue Idle speculation ol this sorl can mind ihe Topic and informative (one expects this (7* with the emotional connotations only be detrimental to any at- discussion of intellectuals), on the whole it and the theme of the they attach to the word in their tempt to resolve the national discussion ano in combined to produce an "in- '^ reactions to the separatist question. It seems to me that for conference "Ukrainian leresling" house that had the "threat." the time being Canadians. Multiculturalism However, since it is not we who live in and misfortune of having been built Separatism: up to (he Ukrainian Canadian Anglo Canada must resign our- An Assessment" without a foundation. The key when they are considering academic community to provide a selves to waiting patiently in the these concepts which formed the bricks remarks. working definition of Quebec in- olher room until our Habitant and mortar of the many argumen- dependence — that task at this Iriends reach a consensus among To begin with I want to say that ts presented were used in an B.Krawchenko and R.Petryshyn I have preliminary stage of the posing of themselves and come up with a one major objection to altogether vague and personal the national question can only concrete proposal regarding make, which I wilt follow what with a manner - a factor that virtually number ot general tations I attended (ail but one) belong to the separatists of they wajil out of a relationship observations destroys the possibility of a truly only Mr. Roman Petryshyn's Quebec — they cannot be faulted with us. When they and a concluding recom- constructive exchange of ideas. made have taken mendation. My basic position any attempt to provide pertinent for their failure to do so. Which Iheir position we will be better One wonders if the lack of ex- definitions and the terms of leads me to suggest that perhaps able to should become clear in the citement that characterized most formulate and present a process of my articulation reference before approaching the ihe separatist concern of the con- counter-offer; and of the deba.e can be attributed and at that time development ol topic at hand. ference was premature those thoughts; I not lo the traditional and an negotiations can begin to work reserve of For instance, the word "assessment" of the situation towards a settlement. But all this "separatism" was an integral part would yield more tangible results muttering about sending in troops of the discussion that weekend, when the P.Q. definition of before we know what it is we are yet the only thing that one can separatism is fully developed and opposing shifts the atmosphere establish about its use at this understood by all. ciliation to that of confrontation, point in time is that it obviously For, contrary to what Monsieur ciliation of that of confrontation means many different things to Laurin claimed in his opening Which brings up my next point. many different people — in night address, the baJI is now in This separatist "scare" should Quebec, in rural Alberta, in the- the Quebecois court. Until come as no Liberal ihe surprise at all to Party, in the Ottawa wording and ideology behind the anyone who had taken the trouble bureaucracy, on Bay Street and in P.Q. referendum is clear, most of to learn Canadian history and the the theoretical wing of the Parti the editorializing and ex- history of Ihe Quebec Quebecois. exactly did people; ye' So what temporising in Anglo judging Canada will from the reaction of the Professor Bociurkiw mean when be nothing more media than a par- since the election of he said that the multicultural ticularly dangerous exercise in November 15th, you'd think that movement would probably be rhetoric. Trying to unravel an Canadians had just destroyed in the Anglo-Canadian discovered especially complicated situation ihe "problem'' of Quebec. I backlash that would Inevitably without proceeding from a com- would like to suggest follow should the "separatists" that two mon set of factors assumptions is alot are at play here: the lact have their way In Quebec? For it like shooling in the dark— you lhat reporters and editors know is clear from the debate tend to hit a lot of innocent hot copy when they see emanating from Quebec — it (after where people all. and trigger meaningless it is one function it is being conducted da- of the Drs. exchanges ot gunfire. And bourgeois press Rudnytsky and Boclurkiw ily in taverns, shops, in factories to make money), musing about the possibility or and on the streets, and not only in Con I'd. on p. 12 impossibility of using force or the STUDENT Page 7 IN SEARCH MULTICULTURALISM OF A MEETS QUEBECOIS NATIONALISM DIALOGUE: Alex Tymofienko

view oi what the com- the new However, too otten the value oi a as it was by representatives of the having authored As an observer at ihe recent liberal and progressive specfrums munity in Canada should be - a Language Charter of Quebec, has nationalist movement is restricted Conference on Multiculturalism of the Ukrainian-Canadian com- monolith of unanimity ,in which had to put up with a storm ot in its scope to a certain class of is no room for discussion of frustration in this Par- and Separatism I was struck by munity. The audience was largely there criticism, abuse and people and respect, the the apparent Incongruity ol the composed of professionals from controversial issues. during the seemingly interminable ti Quebecois has yet to prove that issues lacing the Ukrainian- the Ukrainian community in Ed- The presence at the conference series ot hearings this past sum- it serves the interests of the Canadian scholars who were monton, with a sprinkling of of Camille Laurin, Cultural mer, which only a seasoned average working man in Quebec. politician could survive. Perhaps Laurin correctly identified one assembled here in Edmonton. I academics and civil servants from Minister in the Parti Quebecois powerful in major mean, how can one compare outside Edmonton. Ironically, the government, was a blow to the the second most man to the sources of disconient Quebecois nationalism with absence of the established right- conservative Ukrainian hierarchy's the Parti Quebecois govern- over language policy in Quebec as multiculturalism? Perhaps as an wing nationalist community made strategy ot avoiding the issue of ment. Laurin is a study in grace un- being the lowly socio-economic irresistable force meeting a' those discussants of liberal con- Quebec independence. For to der pressure; his slow deliberate position of the French-speaking of of seemingly immovable object?The victions appear to be quite con- take a stand, either way, would in- style unravels his diagnosis of the population Quebec. Because analogy would have one believe servative on certain issues, when volve KYK in controversy and ex- problem ot Confederation to the the dominant position of English audience as if he still in sector, ihe that, on the one hand, there exists challenged by those to their left pose it lo attack. A stand in favour were a the economic a movement for Quebec in- on ihe political spectrum. of recognizing Quebec's right to teacher of psychiatry and it his Quebecois have remained near the' bottom of Ihe scale of per capita dependence, filled with the vitality The challenge from those put- self-determination would be in- students. of a government avowedly com- ting forth a socio-economic terpreted by the Federal Liberals Laurin begins by appealing to income in their own province, mitted to that goal. On the other analysis of the issues of as virtually an endorsement of the the emotions of the largely behind even recent immigrants in "Liberty", this respect. Dr. Laurin argued hand there lies multiculturalism, a multiculturalism and in- Parti Quebecois' position on in- Ukrainian audience. he with great force that only with ihe federal policy without a con- dependence to those who defen- dependence, and would open KYK says, "has a particularly profound the ception, strewn with con- ded a political-linguistic-cultural to the brunt of the Trudeau govern- connotation, especially to establishmenl of French as language of business in the tradictions and misconceptions, analysis of these issues ment's disapproval at a lime when Ukrainians". Those Ukrainians hearts province this inequality be its implementation "a tale told by threatened to develop into a full- they are expecting some long- who have left part of their would redressed. an idiot, full of sound and fury, fledged discussion by the end of awaited pre-election "goodies". attached to Ukraine surely would signifying nothing". Surely there Ihe conference but, unfortunately, On the other hand to deny that the like lo see il free and independent, The Parti Quebecois' Language Charier il must Le a common thread running lime ran out. Hopefully, Professor Quebecois people constitute a he continues lhat is the very same has given a temporary between the two concepts of Tamapolsky's suggestion that nation and that they have a right to objective of the Parti Quebecois victory over those elements within multiculturalism and Quebecois this issue be debated further at a self-delermination would put them government, which wishes not to the Anglophone community who bul have tried nationalism. Otherwise, why the fulure conference will be taken up in a hopelessly defensive position separate from Canada to dilute the concept need for such a conference? by the Canadian Institute of vis-a-vis the more progressive lo make the Quebecois "masters of "two founding peoples" within Why indeed? The conference Ukrainian Studies. elements of the Ukrainian of their own destiny". In the Confederation, Strong elements struggled for two days to define No concrete recommendations nationalist community and would process of developing its culture wilhin Canada have sought to sub- position siilule for it Anglo-Canadian what kind of Canada Ukrainians were arrived at as to the expose them to charges of "it is Quebec's wish not to break the would seem lo favor, and me con- which Ukrainian -Canadians hypocrisy for supporting the right up, bul to build". This is why "in- nationalist ideal of "One Canada" in which English would altain a sensus seemed lo suggest should take on the Quebec issue. of the Ukrainian nation to in- dependanlistes" are insulted by stated -eminent posilion and all other that it would be a multicultural But as Professor Lupul had dependence while denying that of the use of the term "separatism";

in his opening remarks to the con- it is languages and cultures would be one, perhaps one nation, perhaps another people in a similar it is inaccurate and used by treated on an equally patronizing two, but certainly commitled to ference, "Those here expecting to situation. Anglophones to misrepresent the basis. In this respecl, Laurin the defence of democratic prin- hear 'the Ukrainian-Canadian But the' Institute Conference aims of the Quebec government. regards the Bilingual and ciples and minority rights. viewpoint' will probably be disap- was prepared lo take the issue Moreover the word is likely to negative Bicultural Commissions concept Unfortunately there was very lit- pointed. No consensus headon, fbr it was under no "separatism"has certain it of "folkloric multiculturalism and tle discussion of what people emerge, nor should there be one." obligation to formulate a uniform connotations surrounding restricted bilingualism" as only a meant in speaking of the term In view of criticisms from the position regarding Quebec. So, which the neutral term in- slight concession to the ultimate multiculturalism. Thus the lack of Ukrainian-Canadian Committee enter Monsieur Laurin, a lecturer dependence does not have, and is Anglo-Canadian goal of a common" definition hampered (KYK) directed at the Institute for in psychiatry by profession, who therefore the latter term conference. Laurin. assimilation of all peoples within the attempt to get at the heart of holding such a became a convert to the cause of preferable according to Canada. The Language Charier is the issues facing Ukrainian Professor Lupul s insistence on Quebec independence after The bulk of Laurin's response is an attempt to prevent Ihis from Canadians, Quebecois and the right of Ukrainian-Canadian diagnosing the problem of the familiar to those who have studied un- everoccuring in Quebec. Canadians in general. academics to take stands in- Quebecois as one of "a chronic the Quebec issue. Laurin's the dependent of community state of insecurity". A man who derlying philoso'phy concerns I had never seen a conference Cont'd onp.11 pressures a welcome liberating value of nationalism lo of Ihis nature before, was says he "feels more like a scholar of a people. monopolized challenge to KYK's traditional than a politician' .yei by virtue ot the collective psyche •••••#•###•••••*•»••*••***••••••' •••••••#*•••« »••••••••• Mouvement Souverainete- speaking Canadians. election in 160 ot premier M.s.A.( Upper and Lower Canada are Lesage's liberal government under As social ion). then united in 1840 on Durham's its slogan "equipe du tonnerre". The M.S.A. wasbornin 1967oul ABOUT THE QUEBECOIS recomm endatio ns. Fren c h During this period the largely of a schism within the Liberal par- Canadians number 650,000, while rural society lhat was Quebec un- ty ot Quebec, and was led by Rene enormous changes, Levesqueand a fewother liberals. Eng I ish Can ad ia ns are 450,000 derwent strong. In the combined among them a movement for the In 1968 the R.M. joined the NATIONALIST MOVEMENT disban- legislature each side gets 42 democratization of education. II M.S.A. and the R.I.N, was lhat representatives. T wenty-seven was at this time that different ded with the recommendation Marc Hufty years later confederation brings autonomist movements began to its members support the M S A. consider at about the birth of the modern emerge from the various It is important important events derpinned by the English mer- Canadian nation. Canada in 1867 nationalist currents. this poinl some following article was adap- pour the background to ihe The chant class. French clergymen consists of 4 provinces and by The RIN (Rassemblement that formed ted from a speech given at the a nationale), formed development of these groups. Il and leaders are next in line, and then French - Can ad a ns are independence by Marc Huh for In- natural lo begin with 18th SUSK Congress they form the upper strata of Ihe minority. in 1960. launched a fight seems most the Central Coun- against the 1970 crisis ty, a member of French-Canadian mass. The In- The Twentieth Century sees dependence and Ihe October of (lAssocialion It managed to by the kidnapping cil of ANEQ dians are low man on this tolem American capital literally pouring English capitalists. precipitated Etudiants du popular vole in the political figures. The cir- Nalionate des pole. Of French America only inlo Quebec until Americans own win 10% of Ihe two sector of in- dissolving surrounding the Quebec). 85,000 French-speaking people 75% of the primary election of 1966 before cumstances dustry. 60% of the secondary sec- recommendation whole affair are still obscure, as remain (in 1760), living in a distin- in 1968 with the governmenl and Ihe tor, and 53% of the remaining that its members join the M.S. A. the lederal like to thank Ihe ct, cultural milieu They are I would of having economy. What is not owned by (front de liberation R.C.M.P are suspected Ukrainian Canadian Students' dominated by an elite that is sub- The F.L.Q. illegally, and Laporte has lo conquering Ihe Americans is generally the du Quebec), a violent group acted Union in Ihe name of all Quebec servient Ihe property of English-Canadians. premissed on confrontation since been linked to the mafia. students for giving us a chance to Anglais. Traditionally confined to the hoped through bombs Other information that will shed explain our situation and our In 1763, the Treaty of Paris politics, professions and terrorist acts lo bring light on the matter is sure to sur- relieves France of all her American liberal and other struggle. fact agriculture, French-Canadians in Quebec. Born face in time, however, the possessions and lor all intents about an uprising I would also like to salute the find themselves in a situation achieved a notoriety remains that the police authorities of Ukrainian and purposes confines French- in 1963, it 18th annual congress an at- where others control their that vastly exceeded its very small and Ihe army created students and tell you that ANEQ Canadians to Quebec where they economy. especially with the even- mosphere of panic that was used wishes to establish ' lies and may speak their language and numbers, This concludes my brief sketch to identify and arrest leftist collaborale with your practise their religion. Quebec ts of 1970. of Ihe general hlstoryof Quebec. (Parti socialiste du militants. Roughly 400 unjustinea organization. This collaboration Acl, in 1774, then establishes bor- The P.S.Q- turn our attention to socialist were made under the ders and an English colonial Lei us now Quebec), which was both arrests could take several forms, cultural, War Measures government. The Quebecois are the specific history of the and "independantiste", was a provisions of the politicalor others. police nationalist movement in Quebec. small grouping formed Act. Another instance of We hope to share with you our allowed to keep the French civil similarly Let us now turn our attention lo unionized workers Ihal repression was Le Samedi de la fundamental goal of defending the code but must adopt the English mostly of place In the specific history of the Most of its mem- matraque, which took inlerest and the well being of criminal code. At this time, certain soon dissolved. nationalist movement in Quebec. Quebecois. 1964 on the occasion of the students within society. privileges of the Catholic clergy bers joined the Parti Ihe 1830's severe poverty in Parti- Queen's visit to Quebec. A are also restored. Seventeen years In Another organization, the History of the Nationalist Quebec sparked a large goals ot nationalist demonstration at that later, the Constitution of 1791 rural Pris, worked towards the Movement In Quebec thai was organized and led its time was brutally dispersed by the divides the Dominion into Upper protest socialism for Quebec and riotes". This movement police forces. Similarly violent tac- by the "Pat It managed lo Before getting into the heart of and Lower Canada and gives some cultural liberation. repressed by martial the police effective mer- was severely wel-known publishing tics were used by the subject I would like to give you power to Montreal launch a law and deportations. During dunngtheSI-Jean Baptiste parade a few historical notes on Quebec. chant. Although in Lower Canada house. those years and continuing (Regroupemenl ot June 24, 1968. On that occasion We can divide our history into (Quebec) 120,000 people speak The R.N . through the rest of the nineteenth marking the name day ol Quebec's three pans, Ihe first one beginning French and only 9,000 people are national) was essentially formed century, there was a significant palron saint, militants (of the wilh Jacques Cartier and ending in English-speaking, English is of the right wing of Ihe R.I.N., and French-Canadians who over a proclaimed (he official language exodus of behind the R.I.N in particular) turned 1760; the second one continuing rt threw its support left and settled in the US. Ten- vehicle as part of iheir protest from 1760 through to the 20th cen- of Lower Canada. M.S.A. in 1968. Other nationalist sions between English Canada against the symbol attributed lo tury; and, the third one which The Durham report, prepared in grcu ps which had their origins in and French Canadians continued the lamb. In Fren- brings us up to the present day. 1839 on orders originating in Lon- were the iMouvemenl the Quebecois, the lollowing decades, the 1960's don, England, recommends Fren- to exist in ch, the same word "moulon" is Between 1 534 and 1 760, a warlime con* National des Quebecois, surfacing with the used for "coward". St-Oean colony is born and led by a French ch-Canadian assimilation made Quebec Francais. also scription crises. But the problems Mouvement regime until 1760, possible by the unification of both Parti Baptiste day has been in- when Quebec until Ihe Revue S ocialisle, Fren- weren't fully articulated understood as City falls into English hands. Canadas. Durham considers Republicain du Quebec. creasingly inferior and Quiet Revolution. uebec's 'national" day. Social structures al that lime are ch-Canadians to be Revolution Quebecoise, Alliance Q suggests thai it is for their own Societe St- altered and will remain essentially The Quiet Revolllon Laurentienne and the until Ihe 20lh century. benefll that they be integrated in- the most im- unchanged Jean Baptiste. But Con I'd on 12 This p. Al the top of the revised to the British way of life portant political grouping to demise Such is the name given to ihe pyramid of power we find the reporl was to initiate the this period wasthe awakening which followed the emerge during English administration, and eventual extinction ot French Page 8 STUDENT

UKRAINIANS IN CANA THE FU1 settled in Montreal (that is, its manufacturing, 75% of gas Roman Petryshyn is a research more desirable parts) to control and petroleum, and 59% of associate with the Canadian In- the fur trade, as a colonizing and mining and smeltering were stitute ol Ukrainian Studies and a alien group- in terms of their con- activist. The owned by Americans. ! former SUSK trol of the economy, culturally, This degree of investment ana is taken from a . following article religiously and linguistically. continues on in Canada presentation given by Mr. control The eighteenth century was the today. What can be said about it Petryshyn at the 18th SUSK ROMAI industrial Vancouver, age of the English is that Onlario is favoured over J Congress, held in which urbanized towns, in development. Com- August 24-28, 1977 revolulion Quebec | aggregated and mechanized paring the production Value of agriculture, replaced artisan craft manufacturing industries, in This paper will be divided into by machine production and even- heavy industry, Ontario controls I three sections: Firstly, Quebec as dominance of PETRYSr replaced the whereas discussed and an tually 52% to Quebec's 31%. I a nation will be classes merchant and landowning in industry related to natural I explanation offered of what is industrial factory-owning 24% to colonialism, Quebec has I Anglo-Canadian by an resources, I C to 1 happening there. E T H N class. British industrial needs for Ontario's 20%, and in light in- and which demands public Secondly, ethnicity will be raw materials and markets for dustry(lood, beverage, textiles, awareness and public support for I discussed and it will be argued a manufactured goods leather, clothing) 45% to 'On- turn our attention its existence. I that an ethnic group is not Now , let us enabled the ex- then, necessitated and tario's 28%. A strong manufac- The objective conditions , [national, but that nevertheless it to the social groups called ethnic pansion of the British Empire. in forming and for- turing and balance of economy are real and are not the same ; a distinct historical social groups. These Canada provided an ideal hin- In 1975 capital ethnic group and a reproduces itself. historical formations. Their distin- developing an I mation. lerland to this metropolitan need. expenditure rose by 37.6% in On- nation. However, Just as one can Thirdly, on the basis of an un- ctive social history - whether Anglo-Canadians grew in power tario and by 18.2% in Quebec. In develop full national self- I of what a national through a process of immigration derstandmg strength, white the and addition, unemployment is con- determination and create the con- I liberation movement is, and of or racial discrimination - is unlike Quebecois, structured around a (over ditions for the successful what mulli-ethnicity or sistently higher in Quebec that of social groups which are feudal seigneurial agricultural 20%) than in Ontario (providing is reproduction of a national I multiculturalism is suggestions hisfory-less. My contention that (ideologically controlled Ukrainian system cheap labour as a resource, in the is society, so too one can build I will be made as to what a group or community which as a theocracy by a doing to view ot profit-making industry ) towards having the maximal con- I students ought to be ethnic has a historical con- collaborationist Church), settled protect and develop the and the standard of living sciousness emerging out of a ditions for the reproduction of into a relationship of being a Ukrainian ethnic group in Canada. generally in Quebec is 25% lower common social experience which social life in the community politically and economically as and 50% (whether these than the Canadian mean a group such as a youth fad maximal con- well as militarily defeated people. mean. WHAT IS HAPPENING IN lower than the American movement, for example, does not ditions succeed is another Quebec's social structure (QUEBEC ? have. Ethnic groups have demon- question) to draw an analogy bet- mirrored these developments and strated the ability to reproduce ween the nation's society and, the One cannol undersland Quebec developed a stratification where let it, after ethnic group's , us call 3) What are the social con- themselves generation I unless one looks at the English administration and fac- "micro-society". I use the term sequences of the colonial generation, in some cases over I Quebecois as historically formed tory were group above, owners a "micro-society" both to denote situation the thousands of years. This in- I events of November over Quebecois? people. The and the Indians a group below , that the ethnic group is not a dicates that it is a social I fifteenth. when the Parti the French. the original From complete society unto itself, phenomenon which is real and can I Quebecois (P.Q.)was elected. conquest, Anglo-Canadian unique. never be institutionally (i.e. I cannot be understood separate supremacy in Quebec carried on As a result of the nature of the economically) is However, let us be clear that complete, and a I fact Quebecois from the that the Ihrough the Quebec Act of 1774, the political economy in Quebec, ethnic groups are not naticms. sub-unit of a larger economy, I resisted conscription to both the Constitutional Act of 1791 average income of Canadians of where (A) the ethnic category as a world wars, that there was vast (creating Upper and Lower British origin is 42% above the 1)They aren't conquered on whole is integrated into a larger tor I support among the Quebecois Canada), the Rebellion of 1857 average income of the Province. their territory by force of ar- societal economy, (B) where there I Riel (whom Anglo-Canadians of and the founding Con- In cotoniat societies, im- ms — though they do does exist an autonomous 1 bung) .thai there was the federation. From Ihe fur trade migrants who are not of the establish private space. 'ethnic' economy within a private f Patriotes' rebellion in Quebec in through to the CPR investments, dominant strata identify them- 2) They are not oppressed community, (C) and where the 1837-8 and most fundamentally and consequently, all Canadian selves with the dominant power as an entire people into a majority of the ethnic category that the original French settlers tariff and immigration policy, con- and serve the privileged minority colonial economy. Rather participate in both economies. I on the St- Lawrence were trol over the by both economy not the oppressed majority. they are integrated into a The struggle between these two I militarily conquered by force of British and Anglo-Canadian Ethnic groups have thus in- single economy as in- economies is at the root of Ihe British arms. I finacial houses, has been handed tegrated themselves in with the dividuals and communities assimilation process. In one word it is imperative lo down through history into the English linguistic and cultural to a greater or lesser ex- The micro-society's dynamics I undersland that, in real social and system ot privileged hierarchy in milieu. In 1973, all ethnic groups tent. There is, as well, an operate much in the same way as 1 economic terms, the Quebecois Quebec's economy today. (with the exception of newly- economic system wiihin does a colonized national society. I have been a colonized people, arrived Italians and colonized In- ethnic groups that is not Economic and therefore political I and that they have exhibited two As an indication of what this dians) were higher wage earners accessible to the society as is central and governs its resistance control j hundred years of lo means, I'd like to give you some than the French. French- a whole. social structuring and potentials this colonization. I statistics in answer to a few key speaking Quebecers here suffer 3) They are not Micro-societies aspire towards in- How did this colonization questions: the social penalty of being Fren- discriminated against stitional completeness and in- emerge historically, and what [ ch-speaking:for being themselves separately, politically dependence. Survival of the I consequences does it have for 1) Who controls the key sectors they are discriminated financially unit is ot although there is a social micro-societal one of its j Quebec today? Quebec 's economy and socially in a province where discrimination. paramount concerns and eth- The demand for luxury goods in Quebecois or others? they are the majority. 4) In consequence, ethnic class political movements arise I the fifteenth century put the Francophone establishments One policy put forward to try to groups cannot carry out an for this purpose. fleets ol Spain, Portugal, England are concentrated In industrial sec- improve this situation is autonomous transformatio- If we continue to draw an I and France Into the high seas. tors which pay the lowest wages, bilingualism. Yet a B&B study in n of the political economy analogy between nations and The Spanish and Portugese and which essentially produce for Quebec showed that if an Anglo- of their society, (although ethnic communities, then we see sought Peruvian and Mexican a local market, exporting only 5% Canadian is bilingual, as are Fran- they can align themselves lhat the development of certain I gold and silver. The English sear- of their goods. There are only two co-Canadians, the bilingual sectors are vital if are to for fish off with either conservative or we ched North America sectors - wood and leather - in Canadian of British origin made progressive forces in the maximize an ethnic group's ability I and for sugar in Ihe West Indies. which 50% of value added by en- $2,038 more than the bilingual society). to socially reproduce itself. I The French searched for beaver terprise is controlled by Fran- person of French origin. The Ukrainians in Canada, for exam- I and lur. Neither French nor cophones. On the other hand, problem is not with language , English merchants wished lo but ple, in contrast to the Quebecois, 1)Communlty economy The degree pay 'here are nine sectors - including with the colonial nature of were never militarily conquered in of for settling North America. For clothing, textiles, printing and control a community has over an Quebec's society. over Canada, have had few attempts economy will 150 years, North America publishing and beverage in- govern how much was The choice facing French- at creating an independent relevance those seen as a hinterland which it dustries where Anglophones con- communities will Canadians throughout history has didn'l pay to colonize and only Ukrainian economy and Ihey have have to the real social lives of trol, and in nine other - including been— assimilate or be poor. The had no discriminative legislation I when scarcily forced a rivalry for the industries manufacturing people. A maximally independent Quebecois, in partially uniting the aimed at them in particular, that the tur trapping areas did the petrol products, non-ferrous economy (eg. Hutterite) will allow nalional and social question for is, have never been dealt need lor military protection metals, transportation equipment, they ethnic community reproduction. The workers, are building a nation with as a distinctive whole necessitate settlemenl to protect and chemical products where Ukrainian community economy is around the latter. That Quebecois people. Unlike the Quebecois, merchants' interests. New Fran- loreign interests have majority built principally around: nation, in comparison to Anglo- never ce was made a Royal colony in holdings. Ukrainian-Canadians tried credit unions and co-ops 1663 By the mid-eighteenth cen- Quebecois, includes a dispropor- to capture territorial political small Ukrainian -language 2) tionate large number of in- instead of celebrating I lury, international economic com- How much ot this control is power, and businesses (insurance, kovbassa dividuals on welfare, living petition intensified. The one and a American? more their lew moments of resistance shops & other food shops, export lo in slums, in denser housing, have I halt million English, German, and to Anglo-Canadian capitalism, Ukraine, bookshops, lawyers, less others In the thirteen colonies Canada itself does not control, adequate health care (higher (Hynchuk in l933,Two Hills mar- restaurants) intant-mortality, more cancer, bilingual 'reached out lor dominance in the or own Its own economy. Con- ches, the schools -social agency staff (churches, higher incidence of Infectious Acadia and Newfoundland with federation meant that Canada question) Ihe writers of our newspapers, printers, radio, etc. settlement and lood trading. established a tariff policy fo diseases). Lower-property history on the whole have purged communications, administrators-po- values mean lower taxes and con- these events as if Conflict carrying over from favour some Canadian, principally they litics, community government) European war between French Anglo-Canadian manufacturers. sequently a lower standard of were blots of dishonour, rather -public financial sector(education- to parks, and English ensued. Louisburg One result of this policy was the schooling, less access than the history creating events all levels, communication, ad- public libraries and services. was destroyed in 1755. the creation of American branch plan- which they actually were. ministration i.e. police ts: I Acadians were exiled and finally These Inequalities have Ukrainian-Canadian ethnic iden- multiculturalism; research) 1759 Wolfe took Quebec' With By 1887 there were 82 reproduced and perpetuated tity has been formed basically -voluntary labour (labour, donations)

political Ihrough the - the ireaty of Paris , France gave Amerlcan-contrplled establ- Only a voluntary | themselves. 2) Territory Although few of ishments in people will assimilation of into ! away control the 65,000 Canada (50 in mobilization by the Ukrainians ethnic groups have a consolidated inhabitants ol New France. But Ontario and 25 in Quebec) resolve the political and Anglo-Canadian economy, and a territory where ihey control the 1913 there of Quebec reduction lo private of Canadienne remained and By were 450 economic dominance funding a public institutions, all ethnic com- from this point onward we wit- By 1926 - US investment society. The P.Q. can be the communtiy in lieu of a public munities create private space (com- Ukrainian ness their social evolution. In was 53% of all foreign in- escalation of Quebec's mass identity, and stands in monly community halls, churches, in over - if the P.Q. can con- lime, Ihey came to view the new vestment Canada, mobilization, contrast to the Quebecois' etc.) which is in fact control over shadowing British capital. itself to the real nationalist British dominant group, and its tinue to address identity which territory on which political control is Loyalisl mercantile class which By 1963 60% ot Canadian interests ol the Quebecois. emerged historically in resistance exercized. STUDENT Page 9

[NADA AND QUEBEC: C UTURE that the paltry few million that be defended in the case of the II DEFEAT ALL RACISM AND have been spent on ethnics, have Quebecois deciding on how they | IIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII CHA UVINISM! been spent on demonstrating folk wish to rectify their unjust arts. How can the Quebecois colonial situation.

even consider independence - There are a number of ways in why just look at those laughing, which self-determination can be Self-determination must be I smiling happy faces! Be argued: defended against those inleresis )MAN French Canadian, and not in Quebec and Anglo-Canada who Quebecois - you too can have all want to prevent any correction ol happiness from this a benevolent — TRUDEAU' LIBERAL the present Anglo dominance ot and palernalistic Ottawa govern- society and will invite racism I I L I N G U A L I S M : who ment. Small wonder that and chauvinism, eventually RYSHYN multiculturalism has been greeted more bilingual speakers in the leading to a vast array of with cold hostility and in- Federal government. The Novem- repression to stop the Quebecois I difference in Quebec. ber 15 election demonstrated that from gaining majority contrtjr. We correlate ol the Liberal government, 3) Politics As the "national this policy is a total failure. Equally, it is not surprising that have already seen this with I economy can be found in two sec- will", a state nationalism curren- the only cases where respect to the CRTC hearing on tors: tly being propagated by Ottawa's , multiculturalism is financing real separatism in the CBC, and in a) in relationship to the society state bureaucrats solely in their so'cial programmes (e.g. Ed- cases in which ihe use of the b) in relationship to control over the own interest. Forced into status; argues that monton's bilingual education in Special military is CONTEMPLATED. community's economy. choosing people, is clear that the publ ic school s) a re the Quebec ought to get control of Racism and chauvinism, which The nature of issues in both sec- our support must go to Ihe latter result of real ethnic power at the more rights from Ottawa, but arise as a delence of one's tors may be different but the so that they might remove the Provincial level where ethnics without constitutional am- privileges, must be resisted at all dynamic to explain positions, thai is source of their oppression. mendment. ' have some influence and not op- times. In Canada it is Quebecois class position, is still the most the - portunist "konektiura" (because employment agencies As a students' union, you can correct way lo explain political ac- national liberalion movement agencies we'n; not included in Canada's do much to challenge these ten- which is the leading edge ol tion. power structure), allying with this - agricultural budget dencies within our own com- social 4) Social Reproduction A large change. Many in Anglo- - institutions or that Federal government again- reform munity. Equality of peoples is the Canada, in interest of establishment of professional and the - various federal cost sharing st a popular movement. fundamental principle ot sincere voluntary workers is developed lo speeding up change here as well, - family We must learn Irom the Quebec schemes allowances, pen- multiculturalism and must be con- variety of wish to constrain the Quebec in- sion, social welfare, maintain the necessary social and national struggle and housing, tinually fought for. maintain dependence movement within the student grants, structures to and realize that multiculturalism, as a some financial Among Ukrainian s .this is exisling Canadian framework, and regional reproduce the community. sincere social development develop ment; in- probably most unfortunate in arguing that is will (Ridni assist both stitutions: I ike -Schools shkoly, kursy, NTsh, programme opposite to the sym- insurance and Montreal. Although there are many Quebecois and Anglo-Canadians. t rust companies. Kindergartens, Ukrainian as a bolic exploitation that goes on Ukrainians who are part of the second language, CUIS, Harvard). I say they are wrong. The access to inlernational relations, now, can only be won if we want French majority in Quebec, by -Churches Quebecois must be endorsed and broadcasting, immigration it and fight for it as our right, a and large Ukrainians have joined (newspapers supported in going as lar as they - civil courts -Communications and right that is currently being ob- with other elhnic groups in can to their society publications radio, television) achieve • language policy , structed by various governments. becoming "les Anglais" in Mon- Such an advance will speed up - increase in direct (or indirect) -Political groups (administrators) Only when we develop real power treal For financial and career beneficial change in Anglo- taxation. -Social services on our own, will multiculturalism gain, Ukrainians identify with the Canada far more than any other -Community recreations (men, be a sincere programme main- economically privileged English strategy whose essence is to con- Yet, is this policy to be ac- women, youth, family) tained solely for the needs of minority, to De more exact, the strain Quebecois and therefore cepted by other Provinces? Or Some areas existing in society ethnic communities rather than a -Ukrainians have become a Anglo-Canadian progress. will they too take away all reason are developed in various groups smothering blanket of vacuous privileged group within ihe - I believe thai this principle lor central government in m various ways or not at all as ideology to be used against the Ottawa working class. Although ex- well as being true for Canadian to exist. Such a formula creates -precisely because they are groups Quebecois. plainable, if Ukrainians in-

- society as a whole, is also true for one, two or more central govern- 1 and not nations - i.e.: Police Perhaps by supporting the dependently begin to discriminate courts-military- law. the political treatment of ethnic menls. Where them then is Ihe Quebecois, in the short term, we against ihe Quebecois, insult minorities in this country. Some single state? this is morally I I have drawn the parallel bet- can lose the present multicultural and degrade them, would say that the policy of groups in Western - I despicable. Even middle men who ween ethnic programme although I doubt it. society colonized nations for multiculturalism, has been gained that work or even serve the colonizers, and doubt it because I know by virtue of the (acl lhat Quebec empathize and respect the a number of reasons: ethnic groups in Canada are a -FOR MAL INDEPENDENCE: This can for is agitating for French rights majority population. I reasons II believe that the well organized, large independent may be seen as the PQ's policy within Confederation, that which takes and will its Certainly our community political mobilization social force which demand and is understood as attaining in- multiculturalism as a policy will in both proceeds in the no organizations —which we Dlace rights. If it were not so, dependence through the ballot tremen- disappear in the Anglo reaction Ukrainians control— can do more same manner. There is a amount of money in multicultural box, and then renegotiating a lhat will inevitably come after dous amount in common between grants could create ethnicity; and common-market arrangement for a Quebec-Ukrainian alliance, struggle for survival of the Quebec's independence. need for and we musl do so if we are to ihe indeed there would be no with Canada, in view ol the fact groun- ethnic Yes, it is true that Ihe live in Quebec expecting our com- Ukrainian-Canadian group muUiculturalism, even if we could that the PQ now has about 18% Quebecois nation —even dwork for political sensitivity to gran- munity there to grow and develop. and the lose this small multicultural of the population supporting it laid by the irtough their maximal potential multi-ethnicily wa's it is ts programme, nevertheless, for independence, it is iesults different. Quebecois. But ethnic groups, political are quite in the long term, in the questionable whether an election although unfortunately never 2) Both movements are peoples' interests of ethnic groups to campaign can mobilize Third people in- are real and managing to actualize "The is investments which realize who is Iriend and who to a serious anti-colonial step into political of govern- Force", also did demand /// BUILD MULTICULTURALISM' exist independently foe. It is not the Quebecois who history. this was a ments. The flurry ol concern for recognition, and have been destroying our com- historical milestone for Canadian multiculturalism and bilingualism munity. It is the Anglo-Canadian minorities. The For both Quebec and Anglo- in recent years occurred not (non-immigrant) and his control of our economic as a spinoff, Canada, ethnic groups such as because of this or that govern- Quebecois' struggle, destiny. -MASS MOBILIZATION FOR IN- of the Ukrainians, on the strength ot ments' humanitarian concern for stimulated the inauguration DEPENDENCE- What brought the the Canadian minorities their own political power sup- culture and language. On Ihe con- struggle of PQ into power was these for their just and rightful claim lo ported by democratic allies, must trary, governments historically WHAT IS TO BE DONE] promises of non-corrupt, respon- need for sur- build multiculturalism on their have proven to be instruments of the resources they sive, good government. This is an development 0nce own. Multiculturalism, or the obstruction and oppression to the vival and answer to the social and political of ethnic communities in begun, as with Quebec's In workers and viability real cultural and linguistic con- concluding, I wish to put for- needs of Quebec with Canadian Canada, can be built if people cerns of people living in Canada. nationalism, so too ward three theses, a programme' citizens. Only by continuing and to the resources ethnicity, there is no erasing or of action, of the have access The only reason why governments which I put lo you as defending the interests public gain and they need from society, and have since the 1960's have taken any going back on students - a sector of society majority working class -rather historical the internal will and capacity to interest in these areas at all is consciousness of these which has in recent years given a than the profit making elites- can least not live alternative cultural lives, thus because people, led by the achievements, at lead to our community in respect there be a mass base support lor ot people pluralizing the norm of the entire Quebecois, have begun to without a great struggle of its political position in con- the independence movement to society. In the Ukrainian case, our mobilize independently and have aqainst government. temporary Canada: free themselves both from Anglo- priorities are as follows: forced governments into con- It must be realized lhat 1) Defend Quebec's right to Canadian political control and -Our Ukrainian Canadian rights multiculturalism can be sell-determination Anglo-Canadian and American ceding part of the peoples' unions, economy , credit developed by governmenls in two 2) Defeat chauvinism and dominance. After such back to them. economic co-ops. worker co-owned. - for racism develop- It should be clear from what ways either sincerely or op- independence, the 3) an Ukrainian speaking in- been said so far that I portunist political reasons. I 3) Build multiculturalism ment of a Canada-Quebec dustry, the public system believe that Ukrainian -Canadian suggest to you that the Federal customs union will bring ex- must be used and the government's policy since 1971, beneficial support to all existence is Inextricably linked to tremely sector improved will private .the success ol the Quebecois wilh a Ministry-then without- and ( DEFEND QUEBEC'S RIGHT TO social groups who be ridni shkoly) spring, again with a Ministry SELF— DETERMINATION! defend their in- (e.g. ruggle. Thelr's is the this mobilizing lo -Social services: nationalism of a colonized people. of Multiculturalism, is not a sin- terests against the Canadian professional staff, bilingual Multiculturalism it con- It is iheir struggle which has cere policy- as government and American -Creative development and resulted small concessions has been developed is not an at- In putting forward this thesis, I trollers of capital in access lo the Ukraine to meet the real social, argue lhat it is just and. therelore called "multiculturalism" ,ot other tempt believe professio- Although I personally -Communication: economic, linguistic and cultural in our interest, to delend the right ethnocultural groups. It is their most suc- production ethnic decide the Quebecois will be nal degree of success which will alter needs ot Canadian groups. ol Quebec's residents to cessful with the latter approach Politics: support anti- Rather, it is an ideological tool to their own political late the Canadian Constitution and my un- discrimination and ethnic I from attractiveness of without, govern- (an analogy draw which will better enable Ihem and dampen the democralically, derstanding ot whal is happening rights in democratically Quebecois anti-colonial ment or business interference us lo protect our Ukrainian and of self- controlled society. up the view, in Ukraine), all forms in the nationalism. It holds and, for what is, in their Quebecois communities determinallon must be defended lalsely-idealized model of other their own best interest Each of future. It is fundamentally In our our- and all gains (bilingualism) defen- Much of this we must do support the ethno-cultural groups throughout these elements is what we want interest to - for empty ded. It is after all the Quebecois selves the lime the - struggle for Canada, as if to say to for our own community and to Quebecois' national who suffer iheir fate and exist in speeches without concrete) action are thriving, all have ii in our community democratic self-determination. Quebecoisthalall ensured All their impoverished status. is over We must produce -it is a well in a Liberal Canada. we must defend those principles Conversely, it is in Ihe interest of are gams are lo be defended and they question of our community's sur- the Ukrainian-Canadian com- There is no need for in- in the society at large. Naturally will decide what is right for them. vival. It is no accident at this lime, principles must munity lo resist the line of the dependence. these STUDENT Page 10

failure of Bill 22, as much in its 4ddress given by the Minister failure to give a proper place to ot Education, M. Jacques-fvan minorities as in its failure to Morin, (translated from French), MINORITIES & QUEBEC satisfy the needs of the majority. 19 February 1977 at the Hotel It will be replaced by a charter Sheraton In Montreal, on the oc- from the rest of whatever the result of the which will affirm the French face That was my first contact with culture different be, anniversary ot build a all easslon of the 59th and because it referendum, it will have to of Quebec and which will set the history of the Ukraine, with North America Ukrainian independence. like the new place, larger than before, for to work so that this face remains the difficulties which have constitutes a nation have been in- its minorities. Quebec will have irrevocably French In the future. marked the history of that country Ukraine lhat we this "back- to respect the right to a separate Of course, we wlfl also have to since the Middle Ages and which duced to maintain Introduction by Professor Roman language; from the identity of groups which have recognize, as I've already said, the are still present. I learned many ward" come to join the Francophone of knowing a second Serbyn of the conqueror in 1774 in the Quebec usefulness 15 elec- things from Kerensky, Since the November a grant of the founders of fhis country. Quebec language and of mastering it well. things which he had hoped to ac- Act; then in 1791 by tion, the Ukrainian community 1837 right to concious of the fact that the history of Chamber ot the Assembly; in musi not only respect this We're had the complish, t learned has upon two occassions violent unrest in an identity, but also will have to we cannot isolate ourselves. If by your country as well as those of after a period of opportunity to meet a minister of under the country; in 1867 inside a recognize the right to full and chance, you were Quebecois govern- Byelorussia, the Baltic States, this the new Parti in which we complete participation of groups misapprehension that we would all the other Canadian federation, ago, at a con- Finland. Poland and ment- Three weeks certain limited of other ethnic origins which dream of "unstiching" Quebec states ot Eastern Europe which have obtained ference organized by the which with the River so as to the begin- rights which are real and align themselves along the Otlawa Committee of have been linked from Ukrainian-Canadian in the in developing the North America with that colossus which have taken a definite place Quebecois thrust away from the Hon. Jacques ning Ottawa, country. in order to get closer to Europe or the vast expanse of the spirit of Confederation. Coutere, Minister of Immigration seized reason other- It again for the same In a Quebec which no longer France, I can assure you Asian hinterland. is and Manpower, participated in a to for its realities particular that today we are attempting fears for Its language, nor wise. Geographical It thus gives me colloquium on the problems of in Ukraine wanted to do I believe it is possible us from proceeding with you this do what the existence, prevent multiculturalism. Today, we have pleasure to be the 1917-1918. Our peoples have to make great progress along that manner even if that was the evening to lalk to you of that in the honour to welcome among us they are patienl; towards respect for the desire of some ot us. signify for us this in common: road profound Hon. Jacques-Yvan Morin, which could the perhaps too patient. They would distinct identities of my own We live in North America and we Education and Deputy Quebecois what fhis historical Minister of possibly accepted autonomy people, that of the Ukrainians, must surely take this into ac- date signifies for you. For a have Prime Minister. of of others. Further- already if it had been a true form and those count; indeed, we have two encounters con- government which seeks to These been one Ukrainians are not alone it intn accomplish, with a autonomy, and if it had more, striking proof of the democratically know.that we have a stitute a We fully accepted and respected by in the Quebec of today. dialogue, a sure step, the independence of our feet which desire to begin a powers, certainly, some groups treasure under following a referendum, their respective ruling There are, is felt on the part of Quebec you as well as us. It Is desire which could almost repeat more important than yours, such belongs to the the example. of your country is Quebec im- all the ethnic groups (of which well the St. Lawrence Valley, an today in the same terms as the fir- as the Italians and Greeks, as truly remarkable. Your tenacity, fluvial, com- Ukrainians are not the most are of mense channel of your people, your st Universal of the Rada: "Hen- as certain groups which numerous, but surely among the the courage of mercial and economic penetration ceforth, the Ukrainian people less importance. You are a group the open attitude towards the place of the most dynamic) as well as by the thousand, there being into the industrial empire minorities living inside place upon themselves of several Government of Quebec. Our of 30,000 Great Lakes, into the centre of constitutes a responsibility ot determining their between 25,000 to guest of honour this evening is Ukrainian territory, America. We have the privilege, destiny." We could say the Quebecois of Ukrainian origin. It lesson for us. Your indomitable own particularly well-placed for us to cannot by having been bequeathed by will to same thing wilh regard lo Quebec is a group that one the attitudes and the national energy, your by certain "errors of find out ignore its history and heritage and to since November 15. neglect; nor can one projects of his government which remember your of Jacques Cartier, to this does not to the development navigation" say in Quebec, Of course, contribution of prime concern to ethnic "not let go", as we of great are verdict ot the be astride one the lessons for us in prejudge at all the of Quebec. groups. His background being reveals so many economic routes of the world and Quebecois on the day when we Concerning education - I wilt of a jurist, academic and these difficult moments. of this! The that they intend their only responsibility with we are conscious But it is not only that. It that ask them what take politician, M. Morin has militated is conscious of this believe thai since it is my government were all, it would si ill be future to be, but we regard to education over the years in these bodies springs from applies I've been for- and it knows what significanl. It is equally the fact the Helsinki declaration ministry. Recently, where the problems of culture this heritage of ours, from that you constitute, here in not only to Eastern Europe and ced to reflect on the language and language were always in the obligations to cut this country Quebec as well, one of the oldest Ukraine, but equally to Quebec. problems which have posed them- foreground. This background as from North America since our contributed to In the Helsinki declaration, ac- selves. 1 can say to you that the post will un- groups. You have well as his current Quebec is essentially a channel Canada, not only are = our per- the development of Quebec, cepted by following are among doubtably give him great of penetration into the interior of devoting your energy here as well the signatories committed lo priorities. Firstly, we want lo ception of the two preoc- essential right of peoples to teaching of the America. That which is evening's as to the development of Canada. respect the assure that the cupations of this for our economic life cannot be You have contributed to the self-determination, but also, to French language, the maternal audience; the contrary, we givt It goes of the amputated. On with cultural richness of Quebec; this effect to this right. language of the majority 1) To commemorate must develop this channel, but sufficiently far: it is an international com- citizens of this country, will be (he national rebirth has not been dignity ef- develop it for ourselves, recognized up to now. mitment, before the world. And made the object of a planned of the Ukraine which led to ot origins, and for ot the It will Quebecois all The Quebecois government Ihis is why I speak to you fort lo improve Its quality. the proclamation ot in- excluding the since is rapidly ap- the object of con- yourselves, without National welcomes you and thanks you for future, it be made dependence of the other benefits which could flow work on behalf of our and proaching. centrated and urgenl studies of Republic of Ukraine in 1918. your will lhat of a methods from their presence in the of your Quebec. This future, be programs and leaching 2) To find out the place geographical centre of North in- country which, of course, will wilh equal attention being given Ukrainian This evening I had the Quebecois ot America. tention to talk to you very briefly want to be politically in- lo the evaluation of the results. in Quebec, not only origin are, my dear friends, sitting subjects. Firstly. dependent, but associated in an We want to correct a certain We Insolar as what they deser- about two major economic plan with Canada since which has charac- upon a Ireasure, but we have not I like say some words carelessness ve as individuals, but what would to has no intention lo leave equally exploited it as we should have in as an ethno- concerning the future of Quebec, Quebec terized recent years. We they deserve the past since we were not free to of that link us; from North America! Quebec wants to are going to recognize that the cultural community as well. and lessons so. were not free to fully this perspective, with the history remain a part of North America as teaching of the second language, do We the Ukrainian com- in North develop this country by ourselves of Ukraine. 1 would also like to much as English, is important for ourselves. Henceforth, munities want to remain living will give it the and Speech of M. Jacques-Yvan Morin respond to certain apprehensions America and we we want to develop II with you towards this movemenl which throughout all of North America place to which it is suited, having M. President, Mme. Minister. That confined and to retain the links between account, of course, the and with Canada, of course. M. Senator, M.Depuly Mayor, only yesterday seemed laken into is indisputable. But we also want to the opposition, but which, on themselves, as much as you, necessity to anchor well the Fren- Reverend Fathers, my dear frien- for November Ukrainians of Quebec, have the ch language in the minds of our to develop it by ourselves and ukrajinisi) the contrary, since 15 ds, {dorohi dear This is the modern sen- taken form and desire to be North Americans. before ihey begin lear- ourselves. Ukrainians. appears lo have children se of independence, not to cut soon without doubt will succeed. However, we are North Americans ning a second language. I would truly have shown bad the French language ourselves off from ihe rest of the I know that this uncertainly who speak We are also going lo organize manners if I had relused to come world, but on the contrary, to is completely and we constitute a distinct intended for the celebrate with you this- exists. H moreover instruction and ourselves lo the world. We natural not at all astonishing. nation which has had, like yours, various ethnic groups in the Fren- open evening the anniversary of the in- and it ourselves, however, tor extensions in all of North and this is one must open dependence of the Republic of It would be unnatural me ch public schools, to explain, in America. Over the years, we have firmest of my proposals - by avoiding the direction of a Ukraine "free, sovereign and in- not to attempt of the which, in spite of all to apprehensions, literally exported a million of our instruction for groups like yours government dependent", as expressed in its response these will, will always remain what the future holds, and to tell people to New England and which are now completely its good official proclamation. It was in foreign. you nol only of how we conceive another million to Canada. Quebecois and which have the fundamentally my youth that I first heard of the But dear friends, we have every this lulure, but also what your As well, we hope lhat Quebec right to seek recognition for iheir Ukraine and it was In a form historical will also be a North American t.ie educalional intention of materializing, in con- which appeared to me filled wilh role is in this new identity in crete terms, th's policy of current. We share this in com- country in Its economy and Of course, il will nol be a mysteries. Indeed, it was in a system. opening Quebec; we have already mon with the Ukraine; the basis ol perhaps, a little in ils mentality, Ukrainian School, bul it will be an song which spoke of the wind of - begun. We have invited you I our nation, that which is in fact since the Quebec nation is opportunity to learn the Ukrainian the Ukraine that I learned of this speak on behalf of the Prime its foundation, language. I un- entirely European, nor en- the secondary level, immense country, mysterious lor its neither language at Minister, M. Rene Levesque, in North American. It eventually, for example, a Quebecois who, himself, derstand the profound at- tirely is North and will American by ils geography optional course in the the name of the government and inhabits a valley, not less im- tachment which you have shown and by include Parti your language and, of ils destiny, bul nol entirely by its and culture of the Italian of the deputies of the mense, but who has a little in towards history civilizations. Quebecois in the National Assem- common with Ihose undulating course you surely will not be culture or values. and Greek bly, and I speak, moreover, on The second lesson I I thai a Quebec which plains, beaten by the wind. This astonished by thai which we give that believe retained from Ukrainian history, is feels certain of itself, which no behalf of ail Quebecois of old song remained anchored in my to ours. In this, we have some - in- things in common. Moreover, as that of the respect Ukraine has longer feels threatened by any stock we have the honour to mind and I sing it again on this both our nations' languages are shown towards its minorities, form of domination and which vite you to develop this vast coun- occasion. It was like a friend, neighbors ot colossuses, whether which the Central Rada into effect the proposed try with us. Come without "Ukraine. ..A tree in the wind, the demon- puts strated In the first will permit reticence to join us. I know that plain so distantly extending, hear they be the Soviet Union or the ol its Univer- language policy, itself well sals. Ukraine as generous than it has there were some prejudices in the you not this song from a lost United States, it would be you know, un- to be more derstood at that time still This, no past, some misunderstandings, heart, raked by the shivers of the worth taking into account all of and un- been in the past. doubl, but derstand that 24%to 25% of Its is since I have on this must change rapidly if wind". It was very beautiful! the differences which could exist not "news" oc- Quebec wants to assume the between these two historic population consists of persons of cassion hinted of it. Years ago I For a very long time I have had the stalure of a state. It must accept this poetic and splendid image ot situations. whom mother tongue is nol cherished this project of H is, above all, in the name of Ukrainian. Your conduct toward recognizing the cultural, the responsibilities which come Ukraine. It was not until I was a language that the Central Rada these minorities was perfectly economic and social contribution with statehood, as the Ukraine did student at McGill University thai I tried lo obtain greater autonomy exemplary. You went so far as to of groups, such as yours, which was confronted by some more ^fiy^ear triends, Ukrainians and lasting lor the Ukraine, in the spirit of a recognize their right to have seals came to help us in developing realities. As I wanted to Quebecois, we witness with the Russia which would have become in your Rada. You consistently Quebec and In making it what It is study journalism, the director of same patience, we have in com- a federation. The Ukraine con- displayed an altitude of welcome today. This allows me to be a lit- the "McGill Daily" said to me: mon the same stubborness! We stituted a nation until 1654 and towards them (except, of course, tle more precise as to our "You must go to New York, to in- have equally the same ideals of had already conceded a when they belonged lo enemy ar- policy, terview Alexander Kerensky Russia language although respect for mies occupying independence and of great deal of autonomy to It, but your national naturally I cannot before he dies". Kerensky was this evening, our neighbours. this was violated without end by territorvl allude much older than I had been able to the details of the future same duty. Glory And thus, I believe that We have the to ascertain at the time, bul the succeeding regimes to the legislation that Or. Laurin will Quebec must take inspiration to the Ukrainians! Glory to the point ol its becoming completely have Ihe honour of presenting having accepted the invitation, I to from this model of exemplary Quebecois! (My maiemo od- paid a visit io New York to meet inoperative. It is because Quebec the National Assembly in several behaviour. In the Quebec ot the nakovu metu. Slava Ukraiini! this former politician. also possessed a language and a weeks. Everyone can confirm the future, whatever its destiny may Slave Kebekovl!) STUDENT Page 11

federation as from without, would THE MULTICULTURAL POLICY nalive, arguing lhat Quebec's fate ^ there still exist a commitment on Lupul Irofn p.6 is Tymolienko-trom p.7 inextricably linked wilh (hat of Ij the part of the PQ to in- In the following session, Canada and that both Quebec and | it. lo those of dependence? Frankly, I doubt individual as opposed Professor Bociurkiw ot Carleton a multicultural Canada would not I Dr. Laurin Impressed the groups or collectivities. The University traced the history of the be able lo survive the pressure lor I version The critiques of audience with his moderate tone nalionalist Quebecois development of multiculturalism assimilation to the American way I Laurin's position, contained in and the eminently reasonable espouses collective language as a government policy, and the of life in the event of separation. I the arguments which he advanced. • que si ions which Professors rights it perceives language as response of various segments of He also rejected the status quo h Confronted with the choice of in- being a carrier of culture, as well Bociurkiw and Tarnapolsky posed the Ukrainian-Canadian com- position of "co-operative k dependence with a highly restric- instrument of * to ihe minister following his as being an com- munity to this policy. He iraced federalism" as currently practised speech, centered ted form of economic association munication. People who speak a the beginnings of the upon the poten- govern- by ihe Canadian government. The or special status with the existing common language develop a com- recognition tially disastrous effect of Quebec ment's of federal policies of billngualism unfettered freedom of trade bet- mon culture and develop a sense independence on the movement multiculturalism back to the within the civil service and ex- ween Quebec and Canada, I of group consciousness and, in representations of lowards multiculturalism. Ukrainians and tension of bilingual services lo suspect that after long and doing so, acquire aspirations for ethnic Professor Bociurkiw's contention other groups to the French-Canadians across the careful consideration, Dr. Laurin nationhood. This philosophy is that there would be a backlash Bilingual and Bicuttural Com- country have not addressed ihe would choose the latter alter- the main rationale behind the Parti against minorities in general, and mission, the efforts of the heart of the problem, said native over the former. The logic Quebecois' Language Charter. French-Canadians outside of Canadian Folk Arts Council and Professor Lupul, which is the of the situation suggests that The Quebecois resistance to Quebec in parlicular, in the event the Conference on Cultural Rights Quebec English minority's in- economic considerations would the principle of multiculturalism of Quebec independence is dif- organized by Senator Paul Yuzyk sistence on acting like conquerors win out over the emotional stake enunciated Trudeau is ficult to refute, and Dr. Laurin's as by in 1968. in refusing to speak French. This an in- reply involved in attaining precisely because he tails to asserting his belief in the Professor Bociurkiw discussed arrogance on the part of the. dependent Quebec. However, recognize the validity of the latter tradition of civility and respect for the evolution in the policies of English in Quebec has led to the should the rational con- that the French democracy in Canada is perhaps concept, namely various Ukrainian-Canadian growth in strength of the siderations lose out lo the language can be a vehicle for too optimistic an estimation ot Organizations • KYK, AUUC, SUSK separatist movement. emotional, it would not be the fir- this country's capacity for toleran- national aspirations rather than - towards multiculturalism. He Multiculluralism has not been st historical instance in which simply an instrument of com- ce The current experience of the gave SUSK credit for the key role it treated in a serious manner by the this has occured; neither is it munication. The insistence by Inuit people in Quebec, who played in influencing the federal Liberal government, partly likely that if would be the last. refuse to have their groups in the past traditional 1 various ethnic government's decision to formally because of resistance from And what of multiculluralism' treated on right to speak English as Iheir that Iheir languages be acknowledge the multicultural Quebec. Whatever the outcome of the French merely second language taken away, is a an equal basis with reality of Canada in 1971 and to As a third alternative, Professor 1 referendum on independence, Ihe reinforces Ihe antipathy of case in point. Clearly the Quebec set up a multicultural department Lupul proposed a form of f| democgraphic basis for multiculturalism. government is not a model of Quebecois to in the following year. However, he "regional federalism" which K multiculturalism will still remain social tolerance nor have mosl Such a stand fails to recognize the felt the increasing pre occupation would maintain Canada together I — the non-Anglo, non-quebecois other governmenls in Canada quite different role which French of SUSK with matters of internal as a single political entity. In- ethnic groups will not disappear been strict upholders of minority plays as both the language of organization finance ils dividual regions within Canada I overnight and and rights. Perhaps Professor comm unication for almost 30% of disillusionment with KYK (leading could set their own regional I Lupul's suggestion for different Boih questions sounded Laurin Canada's population in the public some of its leading figures to turn language policies which would linguistic and cultural policies out on the independence issue and private sectors as well as a towards neo-Marxisl tenets) reflect the ethnocultural within different regions of Canada " and questioned both the carrier of culture. weakened the impact of SUSK's background of their population. is the most rational way to apply a feasibility and the desirability of lobbying positions on the federal In the Prairie region, for example, multicultural policy across the ETHN ICtTY an independent French-speaking AND CLASS government. larger ethnic groups of German or country. In this way, Quebec state in North America. Laurin Roman Petryshyn, a research Professor Bociurkiw criticized Ukrainian background could have could have a multicultural policy was forced to accept Professor fellow with the Canadian Institute KYK for ils lack of initiative and ils their languages available as a which would be tailored to the Tarnapolsky's analysis that of its Ukrainian Studies, outlined the failure to adequately represent second language with in the . requirements ot social reality, Quebec could never be fully theory that there exists a three- Ukrainian-Canadian interests to educational system. A Canada while Ontario, the Prairies, B.C. \ master ot its own destiny because liered system of ethnic ranking linguistic and the Maritimes could pursue the government. He also attacked which offered such t) ' it wold still be constrained by within Canada, based on barriers the lack of commitment on the freedom would make its people other variations which would take economic and geographic forces. to social mobility within the socio- part of the federal government and feel more secure and help cement into account each region's dif- II is a question ot relativism, the economic class structure of the multicultural departmental Confederation. fering demographic basis. issue being how much in- Canadian society. In this hierar- bureaucracy Professor Lupul stated that to the policy, noting dependence can Quebec chy, those ot Anglo-Celtic origin Quebec's language problems However, this would constitute their failure to spend all the funds realistically attain? only a beginning to the difficult lend to be over-represented in allocated to the program. would be solved by making Fren- Its alternatives are: 1) a more task of defining the issues in- positions of wealth and power at the following day, Professor ch the working language 'in On decentralized federal syslem, the top of the scale, while Quebec, and by making the 2) volved in re-delegating powers of Tarnapolsky of York University special status within Con jurisdiction in a new constitution. Canada's indigenous peoples (the ideniified several issues which he English minority speak French to federationor 3) some form of of for- Indians, Metis, and Eskimos) the French-speaking Quebecer. It The thorny problem felt were basic to the question of economic association wilh that mulating a coherent national remain at the bottom. Ukrainian- mulliculturalism in Canada. One is not so much bilingualism Canada in the event of its economic polxy, trom both Ihe Canadians are concentrated of these was the need to entrench Quebecers oppose he said, but economic achievement ot monetary and fiscal standpoints, somewhere In the middle sector of "one-way bilingualism vibete only basic languageand cultural rights nationhood' hierarchy, along with the French become bilingual." would still have to be resolved this social in a new Canadian constitution, in From a psychological stand- of The multicultural policy has tailed Without a satisfactory solution in mosl other ethnic groups order to prevent non-English. non- point, the emotional feeling which because the implementation -of Ihis area the former proposals for similar European origin. Ukrainian- French minorities from becoming would arise from ihe creation of bilingualism has failed. The only dividing the Implementation of Canadians have generally found third-class citizens within Canada an independent would no Quebec multicultural policies by regions way bi li ngual ism and access to socially desirable Democratic rights are indivisible, doubl be a posilive outcome multiculturalism can succeed is would hardly succeed in gelling professions and are not subject to Professor Tarnapolsky main- However, from a practical stand- ott the ground. the kinds of overt discrimination by a sysl em of r eg ional tained, and therefore rights given point it might be more logical for In any event, the development federalism in lang uage and . which is experienced by native lo one group must be given to all. the PQ government to pursue a of multicultural policy wilh in people and the visible minorities cultural policies, he said. "In a He stressed that it is necessary lo ^ policy of negotiating some form of Canada will be subject to the Pakistanis. country of minorities, all (i.e. blacks, Chinese, build "ethnic power" along associated status while still within national objectives of Quebec as lo minorities stand or tail together." etc.) Nevertheless, barriers en- avenues of common interesl Confederation, as Quebec is likely well as Ottawa. In the ensuring try into political, economic and among all ethnocultural groups in lo be offered more generous ter- A UKRAINIAN- debate, it is the lask of the social eliles have remained tor Canada. The need for co-operaiion TOWARDS ms as a member of a federated CANADIAN CONCENSUS? Ukrainian Canadian community lo Ukrainian-Canadians. Similar among these groups is especially country than as an independent reach oulside of the narrow con- barriers exist against people ot necessary to properly represent nation. If assumption is my fines of its organizational struc- The final panel discussion cen- . non-Anglo-Cellic origin, partly as a their interests on two key issues: correct, then the PQ's argument attain tures and ensure that it has a result of established atlitudes of lered around an attempt to \ independence Ihe addition ot languages other for the need for formulation of these a concensus from the Ukrainian- voice in the Anglo-conformity. than English and French in CBC ^ loses much of its force. For if academics on Ihe issue nsiional objectives. This enforced pressure lo con- programming and the formulation Canadian Quebec could obtain sub- of multiculturalism and form has forced Ukrainian- of non-discriminatory laws with | stantially the same terms within a separatism. All speakers agreed Canadians to develop their culture respect lo immigration to Canada. thai Quebec's right to self- in ihe private rather than the The Professor urged the esiablish- determination must be public sector, and has led lo a ment of a non-profit corporalion lo recognized. But at ihe same time, high rate of assimilalion. After all, build professional cultural it was suggested that it would be growing up in dark, gloomy associations in the Ukrainian- for the Ukrainian- parochial Saturday schools and at Canadian community, which unwise Canadian community to support ritualistic Sunday atternoon chur- would be responsible for fur- hardly the independence movement in ch basement concerts can thering the development of culture is journal devoted to Quebec. DIYALOH a new Ukrainian language encourage the development ot in the fields ot media productions, The conference participants a critical socialist analysis of developments in Ukraine and pride in one's cultural dancing, drama and theatre. also indicated that in order to fur- background. Insiead, youth lend Professor Tarnapolsky Eastern Europe. ther what they considered to be to rejecl these kinds of in- described Ihe constitutional the proper goals of stitutions for those represented problems involved in defining the multiculturalism, socio-economic The first issue contains a discussion of the socio-economic by ihe highly sophisticated, future relationship of Quebec to opportunities must be expanded brightly-lit, modern classroom and Canada as being complex, and nature of the USSR with articles by H.H.Ticktin. Vsevolod for all Canadian citizens, the excitement of a Rolling thai may require a solution similar Holubnychy, E.Mandei; an article by Leonid Plyushch on especially those in the lower Stone's rock concert. To reverse to the devolution ot power curren- social and economic echelons of Ivan Dzyuba's capitulation; H.Kostiuk's reminiscences of the trend ot assimilation would tly underway in Great Britain. It society in which ethnic groups require the full implementation of would be wrong continued Tar- hunger strikes in Vorkuta camps in the 1930's; documents are over-reoresented a policy of multiculluralism, which napolsky, to assume lhat there However. Professor Tar- and book reviews. Ukrainian would entail Ihe use of will necessarily be a satisfactory nopolsky raised a fundamental in the institutions of the public continuation of economic question with regard to the value school and the The price per issue is $4.00. The first issue contains 128 sector such as the relations between Quebec and Ihe of a class analysis in ihe study of work place, as well as the break- rest of Canada should the former the Ukrainian-Canadian com- pages. down of all barriers (o entry into become independent. However, munity as advanced in some of Canada's elite circles. Ukrainian-Canadians conference. should the papers at this DIYALOH Petryshyn sees the failure of detend the principle ot the right of He suggested this issue would multiculturalism as stemming self-determination, and allow certainly make a good topic for P.O.BOX 402 from its failure to attract the sup- to decide ils own future of con- Quebec the next in the series STATION 'P' porl of the broad mass of working ferences on Ukrainian-Canadian ONTARIO people in Canada. Rather It has REGIONAL FEDERALISM themes which the Institute hopes TORONTO, articulated and developed 'Ukrainian- been to hold, of which CANADA according to the perceptions and The Director of Ihe Canadian In- Canadians - Multiculturalism needs ot middle class ethnics. The stitute of Ukrainian Studies, and Separatism" was the firsl. cultural division between the Professor Lupul, posed three op- Also available from DIYALOH, an exclusive Interview lower and middle classes is ap- lions (or Canada lo pursue in its with Leonid Plyushch, 24' pages. Ukrainian and English • Editor's note: The papers presen- parent in the condescending at- present political crisis. It could ac- ted at this conterence will be language editions available. $1.00. • titude which many urban middle- cept the analysis of the published by the Canadian In- class Ukrainian- Canadians separatists and begin arranging •Also rare Ukrainian books available. Write forfthe Diyaloh stitute ot Ukrainian Studies and f possess toward popular rural for ihe inevitable attainment of. in- book catalogue. will be available In the near future festivals such as Dauphin and dependence of Quebec. Dr. Lupul from the Institute. Vegreville. rejected this as a viable aller- STUDENT Page 12

with the Francophone community culturally pluralistic society . Hull v -irom p.7 population Is non- equally Quebec where everyone respects their within Canada, it would be that the Parti Francophone. The problem is for to compare notes Let us now consider embattled politicians know neighbour's right to be different valuable us rise to power. this percentage increases each Quebecois and it's the value of a good smokescreen. prin- with a host of other minority majority is fine as a broad humanistic of 1968, the M.S.A. year since the immense opinion that the real the gays lo At the end I am of the ciple and as a place to begin, but groups, ranging from ihe immigrants intearate into became the Parti Quebecois, of crisis facing this country now is very useful as a working the handicapped, and from the Anglophone' sector, a it isn't formed , he and potentially ex- the American which means the P.O. was boring, brutal definition in briefs and petitions Dene people to t on t u a by people from multiple origins s plosive economics, and not the that shape blacks. Actually, il would obvious long-term con- to the tnstututions others) and which has of a separatist govern- beneficial for us (R.I.N., R.N., and existence Canadian life. probably be most sequences for Francophone ideas, having in common the wish ment in Quebec. All of the being accused of to seek our comparisons with Quebecois. Al the risk of to realize Quebec independence. politicians are well-aware of this making unfounded groups more like ourselves, like is clear thai in the presenl In 1970, the P.Q obtained 23% of It tact of contemporary Canadian the Estonians, the Latvians, or the generalizations, I think that it economic life 1973 and context, where the Levesque—since the fun- the popular vote, 30%in life — even would be fair to say that almost Dukhobours. Because of North-America and Quebec is 1976. this sharp posilions the pinnacles of principle at stake is not 40% in With at all of the participants af the con- damental years controlled by English-speaking progression, in a span at 8 power afford them an excellent seemed to feel that the the question of Quebec's future people, immigrants tend to ference the P.Q managed to ascend to view of what's happening around within confederation, but the Anglophone multicultural ideal was In danger assimilate into the so readily ot minority power. them. That they would at this time, especially in the light broader question sector. At the present time it's issue like national question is The Present Situation use a "motherhood" in Quebec. I rights. The more economically advantageous of developments unity to deflect at- of this proble m — What then is the presenl Canadian would argue that the original drive just one aspect for them to become Anglicized economy situation? Let us begin with the tention from the failing towards that ha2y goal of a so why all this concern about rather than lo enter into Fran- bespeaks of who wants in- ol Canadian sociely multicultural Canada has simply Quebec? question cophone society. dependence. A recent survey in- their cynical opportunism. I and quite predictably run out of The final "problem ot But should the economic ac- - organizers of the I is that 40% of Quebecois suspect th at the gas; and that our current Noun- definition" want to consider dicated tivity ot Quebec be conducted in duped into of "the Ukrainian- in favour ot "souverainete conference have been more to do with the this matter were French, a natural movement of im- dering has believing that Quebec should be Canadian community," as it was association" as the political Francophone origin and the inadequacy of the migrants into the now — ot destiny for Quebec. And the the focus uf our attention multicultural conception often referred to in the course majority and the ethnic minority initial people ac- why else spend a weekend in the conference. We all like to majority of those any case, whether than with the present situation would result. In the separatist the role cording to stalistics are members discussing how What is most needed congratulate ourselves on or not Quebec becomes in- Quebec. related to Ukrainian "the Ukrainian-Canadian of Ihe middle class. not "peril'' now is for the Third Element to that dependent Quebecois will analysing Why?Because the basic argument Canadians instead of redefine their un- community" has played in the allow that sovereignty to be won reassess and independence platform con- the threat posed to our continued derstanding of multiculturalism raising of the multicultural ban- of Ihe the expense of the minorities. in al by a collapsing what exactly are we cerns cultural survival and control privileged existence concrete terms. The ball is in our ner, but Quebec is presently a lhat cultural survival economy. saying? It is my contention of economy. The place for ethnic minorities and we court once again and no matter this: the presenl com- of the Francophones is seen to My poinl is bored academics may be this "Uftrafn/an-Canadfert intend that it remain so. how is just Ihe that ac- an impossibility in a milieu situation in Quebec topic, the fact still munity" is simply a myth be Al this point it might be timely with the where they cannot themselves most recent event in a long line of have tivists from the organized sector lo remember that Quebec has im- remains that we must a more control all Ihe factors influencing developments that stretch back of the Ukrainian population con- mense resources which at the specific idea of what we want a their years to the Plains to propagate despite the their culture. Others have as two hundred Canada to be. It tinue present time it doesn't control. multicultural principal argument the economic Abraham. And just as it has taken fact that hardly anyone — The economy is developed but seems to me, that now is the per- claiming that Quebecois Iwenty decades for the people of especially the mandarins of question, does not benefit everyone. The fec time for such a reassessment an enormous amount of Quebec to pose the question of federal politics — believes lose Parti Quebecois and the sup- — , six years after Trudeau's in identity and money by leaving their economy I heir separate anymore. Unless, of course, we porters ot independence want to multicultural declaration , and hands without being able national aspirations, it is going to take "the Ukrainian-Canadian foreign take back the wealth of the land while the jury is still out in to change linancial matters in the take more than a lew years for us community" to mean that die- and control over the economy, by Quebec. Although it is self- present system. to rework our relationship with hard handful of organizational ac- virtue of autonomy. Federalists, evident that part of that is clear thai there are two them. Surely this idea was at the tivists (mostly post-war emigres) II however, are frightened that in- reassessment involves of Canada and federalism as core of Keith Spicer's remarks at who make a point of attending views dependence would ruin Quebec. familiarizing ourselves with the seen by Francophones and by Ihe banquet on Saturday night. concerts, demonstrations, and The P.Q. envisions an in- situation In Quebec — especially For Francophones What then prompted the C1US lo week. But if we Anglophones. dependent the minorities position under a three meetings a debate at confederation was seen to secure join in on the national prime concern take "community" to mean a Quebec that is open to the world, P.Q. regime — our the cullural and economic prolec- this particular moment in time? group of people who share similar against imperialism and at this point in time has to be the tion of the Quebec people. An There isn't any hurry — we've got ideals and lifestyles and who in- militarism, and agreeable to in- development of a consensus where each stays until the referendum, and even union of states teract daily in social , economic, cooperalion. Quebec has already definition of "mufd'cufluraf/sm" Iree and keeps its aulonomy, was then the discussion will not stop political and cultural spheres, started to make its presence among Ukrainians in all parts of by the Quebecois to — and there are certainly more com- considered it then a "Ukrainian-Canadian on Ihe international scene, Canada. I think Dr. Lupul put guarantee ol survival, known pressing concerns the Ukrainian- be their best had to munity" for all intents and pur- which is lo be expected of a best when he said that we since power remained in the Canadian community should be poses no longer exists. So when sovereign government. decide if we were "in it for real." province's hands. But dealing with. The desire to be Canadians" we Either an effort has to be made to we say "Ukrainian Anglophones, with the exception In- "lopical" isn't enough — it distinguish if The Student Movement and revive the issue of should be careful to West, have always wanted the manipulative ol the dependence merely reflects multiculturalism (assuming of we mean that broad swath of government, in power of the media. In short, this a strong cenliat Finally, 1 to say a tew scattered across Ihe want course, it ever was one) or ethnic people making a minority ot the atmosphere of "national crisis" this way hings about the srudeni communities should resign them- breadth of Canada who show up French-Canadians. In the has been whipped up, and it has movement and independence. To selves to life and death on the on the census once every ten Anglophone conception, Ottawa swept up the Ukrainian Canadian Degin with, UGEQ (L'Union slowly eroding islands of their years or that figment ot the is more and more a centralizing academic community with it. We Ukrainian generale des Etudiants du existence. Each community must imagination the agent, though the provinces are 1964 as a community, have plenty of Quebec), which existed from for itself, and as Canadian Commiltee like to con- thing's decide beginning to protest One nalional time to jump onto the ban- this lack to 1969, supported Ukrainians the members of the jure up. I would say that certain, the Quebecois is much the national unity liberation and independence. dwagaon of role and respon- of definition is al the core Anglo- CIUS have a more skeptical than the ANEQ(l'Association debate — at least two years, people However, j sibility in the serious matter of of the problems we as a in his understanding of prepare Canadian National e des Etudiants du during which we could facing today, and that it ts that decision, as it pertains to the are federalism position in individually — because Quebec) hasn't laken a ourselves Ukrainian community. here that we must tocus our at- ihe real crisis of Quebec is yet lo Further proof lhat there is a fun- this debate since it is nol its first tention and energies. eye on that Thai multicultural budgets can I With one da mental difference in the priority and il wants to consult its come. reason why with a minimum of A major luture, we should direct our at- be slashed Quebecois and Canadian con- members on the question before multiculturalism is in its present the more mundane fuss, and that cabinet portfolios ception of federalism is evident in taking an official stand. But it tention to on- multiculturalism straits — I caution my reader disasters at hand. Whatever hap- responsible for the 1942 referendum on con- should be understood that ANEQ ce again that this is only an the sloughed off to in- scription, ihe status of nation for pens in the next few months, can be when 85% of Fran- recognises I opinion — is because Trudeau "problem" of Quebec won't be competents or down graded and cophones voted 'against' while ihe people of Quebec, after all, it other politicians political debts, and seasoned resolved in a single election and dished out to pay 80% of Anglophones answered is a nalional organization in the know lhat the issue is a paper be sure that it would certainly suggest that most 'in favour' of the question are you same way as the N.U.S. The we can tiger manufactured by an insular At- governments don't take the Third in favour or against debate on this issue has been won't go drifting off into the the con- I minority. If they have any doubts Element very seriously anymore, scription." If initiated already and should bring tlantic... one were to sum up t heir impressions would be especially in this time of worried about the centralization results very soon. Of the youth in With lhat in mind, 1 would like quickly confirmed by a single ol the second economic crisis. It is true that power in Otlawa and would like general it should be noted that the now to examine meeting with KYK. (here have been some exceptions Quebec lo be "maitre chez majority ol those who sympathize "problem of definition," namely, lul" Alberta Multiculturalism and the con- use of the word to this rule — in par- ("master in his own land"). with the idea of independence are the all-too-casual — tinued existence of ethnic com- clear ticular deserves mention here As for the question of Quebec under the age of thirty-five, and "mulllcuHurallsm." It is munities in Canada simply surrounding but the general pattern across the and muiticulluralism, one should lhat the ideal of independence in from the contusion represent a serious ballot box be sludent the concept has land has been one of declining in- careful not to mistake (volun- very popular in the this word thai threat to most politicians, the way explicitly defined in fluence. It is only an issue in cer- tary or not) regionalism and movement. never been thai the issue of Quebec is a tain heavily ethnic political con- 1 on al 1 to observe political, economic and . . In conclusion want social, 1 sm Presently, basic concern for all federal par- stituencies. Everyone, of course, Anglophones 1970 the Parti terms, and that it can confuse these dif- thai since cultural lies. This is a significant factor to ferent ideas. soltened many ol be interpreted ac- is for multiculturalism the way The yearning of Quebecois has therefore remember cause there is evidence everyone is for motherhood Quebec for It more one's particular needs. that extended powers isn'l its positions. has become cording to to suggest lhat Trudeau has used an issue The the and a chicken in every pot, but of regionalism, as oriented to winning elections. Obviously, way and will increasingly use tor public and Trudeau would like left down so as "rmirt/cu/tura/ism" is moulhed specific demands lo present it, wing has quieted by mulliculluralism and organized but a nationalist the popularity politicians differs government support of the aspiralion not to compromise campaigning ethnics in his struggle with Quebecois is development of minority cultures want to form a nation, of the P.Q. by associating il lo radically from the way the word Levesque. Unless functioning have been generally sidestepped a people, and they want to be socialism. used by activists pleading for Ukrainian communities exist, has gone to considered as one ot thing, however, is cerlain: as specific as and the money the two foun- One something there is a very real possibility that ding peoples and not multilingual or presentations of museum culture. as an ethnic independence or nol, what is of broadcasting Ukrainian Canadians ot all levels minority or Although it can't be denied that "une province comme prime concern is what will happen bilingual schools. And it is by ol awareness and activity une autre", will cullurally. abundantly clear lhat most the rediscovery of one's past The desire ol the other provin- economically and now either be used by federalist plays important role in the Presently unemployment is very take it lo mean pic- an politicians and/or sola out oy me to extend their powers is a governments ces evolution of a contemporary iden- high it is the colourful "ethnic" claims to matter of regionalism, since and highesl among tures of leadership that and tity, the lime has now come for Similarly, our nothing differentiates an Onlarian young. If independence is made festivals on tourisl brochures represent them. the emphasis to shift from the Manitoban except the place without social reforms, what will a seemingly endless stream of best guarantee for survival should from a collection of relics to the creation be its accomplishment] So il is im- applications cover the environment towards live. They speak the grant to a hostile where they but traditionally-based portant to see that the system is everything red dan- ot a new groups be the result of a same language. Ihey live Ihe same cost of from minority lifestyle. It is necessary for us to relormed, it In Quebec, way and come from the same whatever may be cing boots to trips abroad. traumatic divorce with (federalist or begin premissing our demands on well- or have been in- independent). For shorl, despite all of the con- would be the existence of civilization many, the assumption of the continued Quebecois have independence is the ferences that have been held over defined Ukrainian communities tegrated into it. of quickest means of arrivinq at existence "ethnic" com- way our nothing against multiculturalism, a Ihe years by sludents, academics across the land. That to this will people's government. A lot of despite all munities, and do we aspirations would have but ihey refuse to be treated as an and organized ethnics; needs and hopes are being placed on the in- have lo know who we are and in any ethnic minority similar to others. of the editorials that have been to be accomodated want This is the dependence movement, and a written in the various languages what we to be. arrangement or rearrangement of The day, when Canada will people is waiting the verdicl of question the Quebecois must ask would be a recognize that the Quebecois are of Ihe Canadian "mosaic"; the state, since we themselves now, and it is the history. all declarations and not a cultural a nation and not an ethnic despite the policy political reality question that has been asked in I hope, that by these comments of the levels ol misgovern- Individually we haven't got minority, many problems will be many myth. all parts of the world with in- I helpid you lo better un- in hell of sustaining a simplified. have ment; the word a hope creasing frequency in the last fif- derstand what* is happening in "multlcuflura'lsm" still suggests the identity In the matter of Quebec's own Ukrainian element in teen years. And although it is Quebec in terms of Ihe nationalist more than it means. Saying that society; as a minorities, it should recognized of North American be helpful tor to exchange ideas movement. it's premissed on the desire for a us lhat at present about 18% of a

STUDENT Page 13 group stand a fighting - we cnar Ukrainian life in Canada. ce. Assuming, of course, that we In sum, my argument is this: in- think the trouble worth the ef- is The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian stead of collectively agonizing fort. t Studies In a phrase, I want to fate of within over the Quebec suggest that Ukrainian-Canadian the Soviet Union to express their Canada — a late that won't be academics "begin to provide views. This defence will not be decided by Ukrainians as a people some intellectual leadership" for — our immediate concern should conditional on whether or not we UNDERGRADUATE the Ukrainian population in accept these peoples' points of be for our own survival in Canada, by elaborating, clarifying view. this I Diaspora. By don't mean to and propagating some of the (2) The Committee will seek sup- SCHOLARSHIPS suggest that we be self-centred or ideas at stake in the creation of a port indifferent to the future of from only those individuals multicultural socletv. Further. I and sectors of Canadian Society Canada, or that we shouldn't be want to call upon the members ol involved as individuals which have a clear record of. sup- in the the Canadian Institute of + over porting democratic rights. We The Institute has still available several undergraduate present debate Quebec's Ukrainian Studies to break with will not align ourselves with any status; only that as a collectivity t scholarships tor the 1977-78 academic year. the tradition of English bourgeois activity by any group or individual our energies should be first direc- scholarship and to return to the who, while working on the defen-i ted to the matter of our own con- popular heritage ot Skovoroda ce of political prisoners in the AMOUNT tinued existence as a unique en- Franko, and whereby intellectuals is supporting tity USSR, political within North American their truths $1,500 each for an eight month period of study at any found and challenges repression in other society. By coming countries. to terms with among the people. May they put Canadian university for students not residing at home. our problems (3) The Defence Committee will we will be better some of their expertise and direct its activities at the larger $500 each for an eight month period of study for students able as a group to participate in energy to work in the recon- public and the resolution of Canadian at the in- residing at the problems struction and reorganization of home. ternational community in an at- that face Canadian and North the Ukrainian-Canadian com- American society tempt to bring about a change of in general. munity (Irom the ground, up), in- The national question that public opinion on the question ot PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS has stead of frittering away their time been Soviet political prisoners. Only a posed by Quebec (and, I theories or Major in Ukrainian developing talking in studies, consisting of at least five full might add, the Innuit and the shift in the public consciousness abstract circles around the issues courses in a Dene people) will ensure a continuing and three year Arts program in Ukrainian, wasn't resolved in lhat confront Ukrainian East abiding support European, Ukraine between it for political Soviet and/or 1917-1929, and Canadians every day. And may Canadian studies (depending on prisoners and democratic rights. won't be resolved in Canada in a' whether Ukraine this spirit characterize and define or Ukrainians in Canada is the main con- similar span of time. Wecan best In order to carry out these the work and orientation of the cern), or at least contribute aims, the Committee will par- eight full courses in a four year Arts or to a discussion of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian ticipate in organizing rallies and Education subject if wr first bnnw who we Studies. program. are and what we want out of our public meetings, and will provide Is it too much to ask of relationships information service (publications, with other groups in academics that they forsake society; until establish pamphlets, leaflets, speakers) to CITIZENSHIP we these ol their scholarly pursuits at the all interested groups and in- basic facts about ourselves lor university for Applicants must be work in the realm of Canadian citizens or landed im- our -own bencrii and the in- dividuals. practical experience? I think not. migrants, formation of others, oi the The Committee appeals to all much tor it seems to me that the fate of talk of our individuals to actively support it so-called leadership on the fledgling CIUS is intimately our behalf will and its campaigns. Information be talk that exists bound up with the fate of DEADLINE in a vacuum. Unfortunately, of our activities can be obtained Ukrainians in Canada. Can the t ° c tober 31 by subscribing to a mailing list ' W (Awards announced November however, because of our unique former exist in any significant 15. lor $1.00. ig ) situation, we don't have time that way without the latter? t either Quebec or Canada has to For further information, please But all this talk is just talk if it resolve the problem write to: of our iden- isn't accompanied by some prac- t FOR APPLICATION FORMS Committee in Defence of Soviet WRITE: tity as a group. Five years from tical suggestions. For this reason now — when the economic crisis Political Prisoners, I 1 would like to propose that the has deepened and the dialogue P.O. Box 6574, Station C. THE CIUS sponsor a series of regional CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF UKRAINIAN Edmonton, Alberta, between Anglophone and Fran- conferences — to be held over a 4M4. STUDIES cophone Canadians has advanced period' of three years and T5B 335 ATHABASCA to another level — it may be too organized by students and HALL late to pick up the threads of our academics — to raise the THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA heritage and tradition in Canada. question ol "multiculturalism" EDMONTON, ALBERTA The time to do that is now v and "the Ukrainian-Canadian com- Which brings ' T6G me to some ob- munity" among the Ukrainian + 2E8 servations I would like to make population of Canada. 1 propose concerning the end result of the that a broad cross-section of conference... people be invited to participale at What, may one ask. was ac- these conterences as speakers, complished in three days of panel members, and confused, discussion? To begin with, the disillusioned, or just concerned Astro Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Travel Service Ukrainian Canadians. I propose Studies established itself as a that this spectrum of people, respectable presence both at the ranging Irom tarmers to teachers, > U of A and in the Canadian from union leaders to academic milieu in general — a businessmen, Irom artists to fac- feat which was accomplished in tory workers, be given the op- part by scoring a minor coup in portunity to express their ideas bringing Monsieur Laurin out and opinions about West for the first time. This ac multiculturalism and being • COMPLETE TRAVEL complishment is not be to belit Ukrainian, and that they be en- tied, nor is the the con- fact couraged to submit any concrete I ference brought togethei proposals they might have con- Ukrainian-Canadian academics for cerning these matters. Finally, I * a weekend ot mutual interaction SERVICE propose that Ihe organizers of • and aettina to know one another. these regional conferences From such seeds, a sense of com- present their results at a general • munity grows. But what was conterence which would address J achieved in terms ol the theme of Spec/'/ Group Fares Anvwfiere in the World itself to the task of redefining • the conference? In my opinion, multiculturalism in social, very little. About the J economic, political and cultural tangible conclusions that • • PASSPORTS • VISAS terms, and then suggest a • emerged was that Ukrainian- strategy for the reconstruction of Canadian academics as a group » • DOCUMENTATION the Ukrainian-Canadian com- • seem to feel that Quebec should munily. Major Credit Cards Accepted have the "right" to separate, J You say this sounds like a job • which one must concede is a for the Ukrainian Canadian Com- • Specializing in Eastern Europe relatively "progressive" view. But mittee, and not the Canadian In- • this tentative position — again, I stitute ol Ukrainian Studies? § Air — Land — Sea am basing my argument on an im- Technically, you're probably pression and not on an actual correct. But let's not kid our- • vote — was qualified with a "God selves when our back is against a J forbid that it should actually hap- cold brick wall: KYK is an § 423-2351 pen," which is in keeping with the idealogically bankrupt relic ol • liberal tradition (six of one, halt- another era, and is quite in-' I02I3-97ST dozen of the other) that capable ol providing me • predominates at most Canadian necessary leadership. Let the universities. Was the money, J mortician tend to this corpse of • time and energy expended in Ukrainian organizational life; we. 9 reaching this conclusion, really EDMONTON the living have more important « worth it? It is true that one lear- things to do. • ned some interesting things in Ihe process — for instance, that Francophone Canadians had tailed to penetrate the Canadian ACADEMY PHOTO STUDIO LTD. economic elite alter two hundred NATIONAL SERVICE STATION years of cohabitation with les Anglais — but is equally lrue that the same amount of information -Passport Photos While You Wait- could be garnered from a COMPLETE — Portraiture— spent reading. weekend Again, AUTO SERVICE -Wedding Photo Specialists- there is a nagging doubt: was the effort worth it?

I would like to suggest thai Ihe @> Jerry and Sunny Pryma might have been better time Corner 96 Street & 104 Avenue spent assessing the current 10676-97 Street, Edmonton, Alberta poslition of Ukrainians in Canada Bus.: 422-1212 —Phones— Res.: 422- and establishing priorities in the Phone 422-2242 Sieve & John Kowalchuk development of a strategy for the preservation and rejuvinalion of . . ,

STUDENT Page 14 HELSINKI GROUPS REPRESSED , Roma Andrusiak The document announcing its . year the Soviet During the past formation identified six members Union has adopted a policy ol har- by name and four others members : measures towards .! sher repressive were Identified In their sub- dissent. The principal targets in sequent documents. They are; 23 the current drive have been the Mykoia Rudenko, 56, writer, poet members of the Public Group for and former editor of the literary Furthering the Implementation of journal Dnipro; Oles Berdnyk, 50, - the Helsinki Agreements in the science fiction writer and author These t USSR and its branches. of 30 books; Petro Grigorenko. : groups have established them- 70, the best known activist in the 28 I 1 , selves for the purpose human rights movement and the , : monitoring compliance by t he group's representative in Moscow; //, Soviet Union with the human Levko Lukyanenko, 50, jurist Acl rights provisions of the Final arrested in 1961 and sentenced to on Security and 2 , - of the Conference death which was later commuted . n Europe. T he : ,, - Cooperation to fifteen years' imprisonment; arrests of dissidents began in Nina Strokata, 52, microbiologist least nine - February; by April at and wife of the noted writer activists prominent human rights Svyatoslav Karavansky; Ivan Kan- of them are . have been jailed. Most dyba, 47, jurist; Myroslav J groups. - members of monitoring Varynovych, 28, electrical ' • the Ukrainian groups J One of the engineer; Mykola Matusevych, 33, Promote the Im- 23-24 - ; Public Group to historian; Oleksii Tykhyi, 48, . • of Helsinki Ac- ,. plementation the teacher. had four of its six members : , cords, In early February of this year, past six months. _ „„ • arrested in the Mykola Rudenko Soviet authorities began a coor- • Kiev-based - 76- Two members of the dinated crackdown on both the . been tried and sen- group have Kiev and the Moscow monitoring of Rudenko and » tenced in closed Court The co'rvictlons groups. On February 3, Ginzburg • the town of Tykhyi are significant because of 17 -. proceedings in was arrested. This was followed, . Druzhkovka, some miles north of their possible impact on the fates , February 5 the arrests of on by The two are Mykola of at least two other members of Donetsk. Rudenko and Tykhyi. Orlov was Ms group - Myroslav Marynovych Rudenko, a well-known writer and arrested on February IO, and Sh- the group, and Oleksii and Mykola Matusevych, who have head of charansky a month later. Two teacher. Both were been arrested but the specific C Tykyi, a other members of the Ukrainian ' anti-Soviet charges against whom are not yet charged with group, Marynovych and " and propaganda" and known. j agitation Matusevych were arrested on April • received the maximum sentences: The Ukrainian public group was : ". _ 23 without formal charges being • seven years' im- formed on November 9. 1976, six Rudenko received lodged. This indicates a deter- • prisonment and five years of exile; months after the formation of an , analogous group Moscow by Tykhyi, ten years' imprisonment ,-* and five years of exile. Vurii Orlov.

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. I N I A K R A 11- : U 1. — G RADUATE STUDIES 2. . . J 3. . • 4. »| A student journal with a difference! 5. . — « 1 possible expression of Myroslav Marynovych 6. — 1 forum for the widest \ . . • I opinion! 8. . si mined effort on the part of the '. • bureaucracy to crush the activity 9. — graduate students in Ukrainian A new forum for of the Helsinki monitoring groups. 10. studies. The aim of the current crack- . down has been the destruction of 11. . what could the seeds of a truly . 3 ! be organized movement. The in- :i crease of dissident activities in 1977 ' • Published biannually (once per semester) by Eastern Europe in the past year , : has, undoubtedly, been a matter of • I Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies .! • the considerable concern to the 23 Soviet bureaucracy which would ! like to forestall a situation similar SUBSCRIPTIONS: $4.00 a year, foreign and domestic ! ^e'SU^^^fSn^j^S: : postage included. Single issues are $2.00 each, ts goes beyond the attempt to test II 4 All personal cheques and money orders should . I, be made out in Canadian funds. Please do not I send cash. 0. ?. - l\ ?, I , Send your subscription to: . . ( '15 , ? -jj THE JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN GRADUATE , STUDIES ? LANGUAGES AND , c/o DEPT. OF SLAVIC , 0. , — ,? LITERATURES ,?. 21 SUSSEX AVE. - UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO . TORONTO, ONTARIO "!" M5S 1A1 Mykola Matusevych ' •'Carter's commitment to human . CANADA an in- - rights". It represents 1 tensified effort to stifle criticism -. groups , the various , to isolate , and - fromeach'other. . , 1 977 STUDENT Page 15

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Proprietor: UKRAINIAN BOOKS and PHONOGRAPH RECORDS MIKEUSYK also: EMBROIDERY CLOTH ond THREADS — WALL CALENDARS 762 Barton St. East, HAMILTON, Ont. Page 16 STUDENT

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with instructions on carrying out For Your Printing Needs hostile anti-Soviet activity in the republic'. Klymchuk was also ALBERTA HANDICAPPED FORUM LTD. supposedly carrying large sums of money 'intended to finance these 14443- 125 AVENUE hostile acts.' A member of the EDMONTON, ALBERTA total service: same tourist group, Jaroslav T5L 3C4 Zayets, stated that on their way back from Odessa to Lviv they TELEPHONE 454-0475 or 454-0476 were informed that their luggage had been mistakenly sent to commercial Moscow, At this time Klymchuk arranged to meet with his aunt. m acreages Prior to meeting her he went to a 1 !) store and thereafter never retur- farms ned. Zayets was informed that m Klymchuk had gotten lost, and m D leasing upon returning to Moscow Zayets locks of his m found the rj rediscovered luggage broken off. and the luggage searched D D Subsequently he was interrogated by the KGB for two hours with questions as to the nature of U Klymchuk's trip; who funded the m trip and how much money did he - rarrv. m Zavets stated that Klym- - chuk had no more than $100 in m HERITAGE cash and travellers checks. A m TRUST leading member of England's 10146 - 100 STREET, EDMONTON Ukrainian nationalist organization m , TELEPHONE 9-665 stated no secret insructions were m given to Klymchuk and that his m trip was entirely funded by his , father, asagift. m The Soviet bureaucracy will no m chequing doubt use Klymchuk's arrest as a . pretext in implicating dissidents m 6 (D savings with intelligence agencies and . nationalist organizations in the bans West, thereby discrediting the op- m position in the USSR and un- m retirement savings dercutting support from the m movement. Because the drive investment certificates against the leading dissidents m 10219-97 STREET inevitably exposes the Soviet m trust services bureaucracy to charges of EDMONTON, ALBERTA violation of human rights, con- m mortgages centrated efforts are being made m : 483-5693 to brand dissidents as traitors and subversives. The dissidents that

have been arrested in 977 have of- m _ ten been tried on criminal rather than political charges thus making the Helsinki monitors appear as a group of common criminals. This practice of charging dissidents with criminal charges is a means MOTOR HOTEL of avoiding embarrassment and accusations of charging dissiden- , AND RESTAURANT ts for perfectly legal activities. 1620 MAIN ST. EAST PHONE 549-1371 * Vasyl' Zakharchenko, 'Pravo buty chesnym', Literaturna Uktaina, • Individual Air Conditioning & July 19, 1977 4 Home Atmosphere Heat Control • Wall to Wall Carpet Brown, M., Ferment in the CENTRAL FUELS (HAMILTON) LTD. All Modern # 23" t.V.'s Radios and Phones Ukraine, 1971, p.62 • Executive Suites Rooms with FUEL OIL DISTRIBUTOR • Swimming Pool on Premises (£][[[([ B. KULCHYCKYJ

CONFERENCE ON Telephone: "POLAND AND UKRAINE" CESUS 72 Barton Street E, Hamilton, Out 545-4421 As a result of a workshop on Polish- POSITION AVAILABLE Ukrainian affairs which took place in Toronto on m proven organizational ability? Dec. 11, 1976, The Do you have )]m Canadian Institute of Can you lead a group of yes men? 1 £l years experience in the student Ukrainian Studies of the Do you have at least two D University of Alberta and or youth industry? 1 m Do you have a minimal education and a sound knowledge of the Interdepartmental () 1 m Committee on Communist milking techniques? m then this could be If you have answered YES to the above, and East European Af- 411 m EXCITING OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU!! Savings (Life Insured to $2,000) fairs of McMASTER Univer- an m sity are sponsoring a three Loans (Life Insured to $10,000) We are currently accepting applications for the position of m day conference entitled PRESIDENT. Our president is responsible for maintaining Chequing Service — No Charge POLAND AND UKRAINE: and supervising a team of like-minded individuals {the Registered Retirement Savings Plan n PAST AND PRESENT to executive). As president, you will be expected to set up m take place on October 20- Registered Retirement Savings Plan and carry out inspection procedures, as well as to maintain m 22, 1977 at McMASTER Travellers' Cheques a wide credibility gap in all things said and done (in com- UNIVERSITY, Hamilton, pliance with statutory regulations). Guaranteed Term Certificates m Canada. In return we offer you an undisclosed salary, public m OFFICE HOURS The conference will con- holidays and the full range of organizational benefits, in- m sist of two days of public cluding world-wide travel and subsidized meals as well as Mon.-Tues. - 9:30-12:00, 1:30-5:00 sessions, a banquet and a privileges. Relocation expenses and assistance with Wednesday - 1:30-5:00, 7:00-9:00 D one-day colloquim for housing will be provided where appropriate. Thurs.-Fri. - 1:30-5:00 specialists. For further in- It's an important and challenging post, demanding a Saturday - 10:00-1:00 ® formation, please contact meticulous eye for doing nothing and the setf-con fide nee the conference chairman: that goes with careerism. Ukrainian (Edmonton) Credit Union Ltd. m Prof. P.J.Potichnyj 9710-108A AVENUE Dept. of Political Science If you are interested, please submit resume to ; McMaster University EDMONTON, ALBERTA T5H 1C4 n Hamilton, Ontario PAVLO VIRNY Phone 424-1054 d

TEL. (416)525-9140 ext. 4741 c/o CESUS