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Powerful Warriors and Influential Clergy Interaction and Conflict Between the Kamakura Bakufu and Religious Institutions
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAllllBRARI Powerful Warriors and Influential Clergy Interaction and Conflict between the Kamakura Bakufu and Religious Institutions A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY MAY 2003 By Roy Ron Dissertation Committee: H. Paul Varley, Chairperson George J. Tanabe, Jr. Edward Davis Sharon A. Minichiello Robert Huey ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a doctoral dissertation is quite an endeavor. What makes this endeavor possible is advice and support we get from teachers, friends, and family. The five members of my doctoral committee deserve many thanks for their patience and support. Special thanks go to Professor George Tanabe for stimulating discussions on Kamakura Buddhism, and at times, on human nature. But as every doctoral candidate knows, it is the doctoral advisor who is most influential. In that respect, I was truly fortunate to have Professor Paul Varley as my advisor. His sharp scholarly criticism was wonderfully balanced by his kindness and continuous support. I can only wish others have such an advisor. Professors Fred Notehelfer and Will Bodiford at UCLA, and Jeffrey Mass at Stanford, greatly influenced my development as a scholar. Professor Mass, who first introduced me to the complex world of medieval documents and Kamakura institutions, continued to encourage me until shortly before his untimely death. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to them. In Japan, I would like to extend my appreciation and gratitude to Professors Imai Masaharu and Hayashi Yuzuru for their time, patience, and most valuable guidance. -
Nihontō Compendium
Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13 -
The Ichikawa and Warrior Family Dynamics In
ALPINE SAMURAI: THE ICHIKAWA AND WARRIOR FAMILY DYNAMICS IN EARLY MEDIEVAL JAPAN by KEVIN L. GOUGE A THESIS Presented to the Department of History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2009 ii “Alpine Samurai: The Ichikawa and Warrior Family Dynamics in Early Medieval Japan,” a thesis prepared by Kevin L. Gouge in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of History. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. Andrew Goble, Chair of the Examining Committee ________________________________________ Date Committee in Charge: Dr. Andrew Goble, Chair Dr. Jeffrey Hanes Dr. Peggy Pascoe Accepted by: ____________________________________________________________ Dean of the Graduate School iii © 2009 Kevin L. Gouge iv An Abstract of the Thesis of Kevin L. Gouge for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History to be taken June 2009 Title: ALPINE SAMURAI: THE ICHIKAWA AND WARRIOR FAMILY DYNAMICS IN EARLY MEDIEVAL JAPAN Approved: _______________________________________________ Dr. Andrew Goble This study traces the property lineage of the Ichikawa family of Japan’s Shinano province from the early 1200s through the mid-1300s. The property portfolio originated in complicated inheritance dynamics in the Nakano family, into which Ichikawa Morifusa was adopted around 1270. It is evident that Morifusa, family head for the next fifty years, was instrumental in establishing a solid foundation for the Ichikawa’s emergence as a powerful warrior clan by 1350. This study will begin with a broad interpretation of the concept of warrior “family” as reflected in a variety of primary sources, followed by an in-depth case study of six generations of the Nakano/Ichikawa lineage. -
Encyclopedia of Japanese History
An Encyclopedia of Japanese History compiled by Chris Spackman Copyright Notice Copyright © 2002-2004 Chris Spackman and contributors Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” Table of Contents Frontmatter........................................................... ......................................5 Abe Family (Mikawa) – Azukizaka, Battle of (1564)..................................11 Baba Family – Buzen Province............................................... ..................37 Chang Tso-lin – Currency............................................... ..........................45 Daido Masashige – Dutch Learning..........................................................75 Echigo Province – Etō Shinpei................................................................ ..78 Feminism – Fuwa Mitsuharu................................................... ..................83 Gamō Hideyuki – Gyoki................................................. ...........................88 Habu Yoshiharu – Hyūga Province............................................... ............99 Ibaraki Castle – Izu Province..................................................................118 Japan Communist Party – Jurakutei Castle............................................135 -
An Eighteenth Century Japanese Sailor's Record of Insular Southeast Asia
Magotaro: An Eighteenth CenturySari Japanese 27 (2009) Sailor’s 45 - 66 Record 45 Magotaro: An Eighteenth Century Japanese Sailor’s Record of Insular Southeast Asia NOMURA TORU ABSTRAK Walaupun dipanggil Magoshici, Mogataro, pengembara Jepun dari kurun ke 18 dan lahir barangkali pada 1747 ini dirujuk sebagai Magotaro berdasarkan transkrip wawancaranya di pejabat majistret di Nagasaki. Nama yang sama digunakan dalam rekod lain, iaitu Oyakugashira Kaisen Mokuroku, rekod bisnes pada keluarga Tsugami, agen perkapalan di kampong halamannya. Dalam kertas ini, saya cuba mengesan pengalamannya dalam beberapa buah dokumen dan rekod. Yang paling penting dan yang boleh dicapai adalah An Account of a Journey to the South Seas. Ia menyiarkan kisah daripada wawancara dengannya pada usia tuanya. Dokumen rasmi lain mengenainya adalah Ikoku Hyoryu Tsukamatsurisoro Chikuzen no Kuni Karadomari Magotaro Kuchigaki yang merupakan transkrip soal siasat ke atasnya di Pejabat Majisret di Nagasa bila dia tiba di Nagasaki pada 1771. Selain itu, terdapat juga Oranda Fusetsugaki Shusei yang diserahkan kepada Natsume Izumizunokami Nobumasa, majistret Nagasaki oleh Arend Willem Feith, kapten kapal Belanda yang membawa Magotaro dihantar balik ke Jepun. Sumber-sumber lain, termasuk manuskrip, mempunyai gaya sastera, tetapi kurang dipercayai. Kata kunci: Korea, Jepun, China, membuat kapal, pengangkutan marin, Banjarmasin ABSTRACT Although called Magoshichi, the eighteenth century Japanese adventurer, Mogataro, born probably in 1747, was referred to as Magotaro, based on the transcript of his interview at the Nagasaki Magistrate Office. The same name is used in another record, Oyakugashira Kaisen Mokuroku, a business record of the Tsugami family, a shipping agent in Magotaro’s home village. In this paper, I attempt to trace his experiences in a number of documents and records. -
About Some Japanese Historical Terms
Historical Terms Japanese Some About Watanabe Hiroshi University Tokyo of by S. Roberts Translated Luke Translator's Forward preface merely of publish the what is translation of It strange to a may a seem • ,•, ,•, • (East Asian Higashi • • Aria q• 6ken shis6 book. The book is 7" 7" ¢) to no by 1997) Hiroshi University Tokyo Watanabe Kingly Ideologies, of Press, Authorities and University Tokyo. collection • of • Faculty is of of the of the It •_ Law at many a authority, Edo-period Tokugawa previously separately published journals about in essays China, comparative history Japan. The of and Korea, and intellectual essays are preface The fascinating, translate skill would like and had if the time and I I to more. theory interpretive importance, both and it alone, however, because is of presents great early Japan. terminology history modern of of anachronistic in the research the use on change of why presented preface is the author chose The this is the in that to some reason why preface. explains terminology previously the in and he the used in these essays of Japanese this translation is the retention Another odd of terms. aspect many meaning and appealing perhaps because the translation is This is in but not necessary a importance hinges precise meaning in of Words the and of the terms. usage essay on explanatory books the individuals and of the brackets and dates of my are own some additions. Preface: About Japanese Historical Some Terms commonly Japanese narration of in used will the this book In I not terms use some objects. history. -
Encyclopedia of Shinto Chronological Supplement
Encyclopedia of Shinto Chronological Supplement 『神道事典』巻末年表、英語版 Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics Kokugakuin University 2016 Preface This book is a translation of the chronology that appended Shinto jiten, which was compiled and edited by the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University. That volume was first published in 1994, with a revised compact edition published in 1999. The main text of Shinto jiten is translated into English and publicly available in its entirety at the Kokugakuin University website as "The Encyclopedia of Shinto" (EOS). This English edition of the chronology is based on the one that appeared in the revised version of the Jiten. It is already available online, but it is also being published in book form in hopes of facilitating its use. The original Japanese-language chronology was produced by Inoue Nobutaka and Namiki Kazuko. The English translation was prepared by Carl Freire, with assistance from Kobori Keiko. Translation and publication of the chronology was carried out as part of the "Digital Museum Operation and Development for Educational Purposes" project of the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Organization for the Advancement of Research and Development, Kokugakuin University. I hope it helps to advance the pursuit of Shinto research throughout the world. Inoue Nobutaka Project Director January 2016 ***** Translated from the Japanese original Shinto jiten, shukusatsuban. (General Editor: Inoue Nobutaka; Tokyo: Kōbundō, 1999) English Version Copyright (c) 2016 Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University. All rights reserved. Published by the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University, 4-10-28 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. -
Download the Japan Style Sheet, 3Rd Edition
JAPAN STYLE SHEET JAPAN STYLE SHEET THIRD EDITION The SWET Guide for Writers, Editors, and Translators SOCIETY OF WRITERS, EDITORS, AND TRANSLATORS www.swet.jp Published by Society of Writers, Editors, and Translators 1-1-1-609 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo 201-0004 Japan For correspondence, updates, and further information about this publication, visit www.japanstylesheet.com Cover calligraphy by Linda Thurston, third edition design by Ikeda Satoe Originally published as Japan Style Sheet in Tokyo, Japan, 1983; revised edition published by Stone Bridge Press, Berkeley, CA, 1998 © 1983, 1998, 2018 Society of Writers, Editors, and Translators All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher Printed in Japan Contents Preface to the Third Edition 9 Getting Oriented 11 Transliterating Japanese 15 Romanization Systems 16 Hepburn System 16 Kunrei System 16 Nippon System 16 Common Variants 17 Long Vowels 18 Macrons: Long Marks 18 Arguments in Favor of Macrons 19 Arguments against Macrons 20 Inputting Macrons in Manuscript Files 20 Other Long-Vowel Markers 22 The Circumflex 22 Doubled Letters 22 Oh, Oh 22 Macron Character Findability in Web Documents 23 N or M: Shinbun or Shimbun? 24 The N School 24 The M School 24 Exceptions 25 Place Names 25 Company Names 25 6 C ONTENTS Apostrophes 26 When to Use the Apostrophe 26 When Not to Use the Apostrophe 27 When There Are Two Adjacent Vowels 27 Hyphens 28 In Common Nouns and Compounds 28 In Personal Names 29 In Place Names 30 Vernacular Style -
The Poet and the Politician
The Poet and the Politician Teika and the Compilation of the Shinchokusenshit Ivo SMITS NUMBER Of scholars cherish the belief that the medieval Japanese poet Fujiwara no Teika g/R2X (1162-1241) soughtto keepart andpolitics separated. This notion has its source in whatis probably the best known statement in Chinese written by Teika, a passage in his diary that reads, “The crimson bannersraised for subjugation of the rebels are none of my concern.”! The undated passageis attached to an entry for the 9th month ofthe 4th year of Jish6 747% (1180), at the outset of the Genpei War, which wasto change forever the political landscape of Japan. The red banners refer to the Taira troops ready to fight the Minamoto. This well-known line is not, however, what it seems. First of all, it is not by Teika, but the famous Chinese poet Bo Juyi BH/&% (772-846).? Secondly, THE AUTHORis a research fellow with the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)at the Center for Japanese and Korean Studies of Leiden University. He wishes to thank Associate Professor Kanechiku Nobuyuki #¢32{81T of Waseda University, Dr. Peter Kornicki of the University of Cambridge, Professor H. Mack Horton of the University of California, Berkeley, and Professor W. J. Boot of Leiden University, as well as the two anonymousreadersforthis jour- nal, for their incisive comments. Research for this paper was supported by a Nissan Fellowship from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). | Koki seijia wagakoto ni arazu #LREFRIER#. Meigetsu ki, vol. 1, p. 6. In the following, when no source is mentioned, the details are taken from Meigetsu ki 44 A at (Record of a Clear Moon), the diary Teika kept throughout mostofhis life. -
General Index
General Index Italic page numbers indicate that the topic appears in an illustration (along with characters for Chinese, japanese, and Korean authors and or in its caption on the cited page. Authors are listed in this index only works). Chinese, japanese, and Korean characters are provided in this when their ideas or works are discussed; full listings of authors' works index for terms, map titles, people, and works (except for those already as cited in this volume may be found in the Bibliographical Index given in the Bibliographical Index). Abe *$ clan, 581, 582-83, 598 from Ming, 166-67,552,553,554, Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 439 Abe Masamichi rm.r$lE~, 470-71 576,578 plans of Osaka, 418 Abe no Ariyo *1.gflt!t, 582 nautical charts, 53 reconstructed Yoru no tsuki no susumu Abe no Haruchika *$~*Jl, 598 Pei Xiu and, 112, 133 o tadasu no zu, 583 n.9 Abe no Yasutoshi 3($~*Jl, 582 provincial maps, 180 at Saga Prefectural Library, 399 Abe no Yasuyo *$~t!t, 582 reproductions of Ricci's maps, 177 Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 Abhidharmakosa (Vasubandu), 622, 623, scale on early maps, 54 shitaji chubun no zu, 363 715-16 star map on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 Shohomaps, 382, 399,400,444 Abma1J4ala (Circle of Water), 716, 718 stone maps, 138 "Tenjiku zu," 376 Aborigines Su Song's star charts, 544-45 Tenmon keito, 590 japanese, 601-2 Suzhou planisphere, 546, 548 Tenmon seisho zu, 590 West Malaysian, 741 Tianjing huowen, 584 Tensho sasei no zu, 598 Accuracy. See also Reality; Representation Xingjing, 529 Takaida bungen ezu, 424 of British map of Burmese -
The Gravestone of Hendrik Duurkoop, Director of the Dutch Trading Post at Dejima, Nagasaki
『熊本県立大学大学院文学研究科論集』10号. 2017. 9. 30 53 The Gravestone of Hendrik Duurkoop, Director of the Dutch Trading Post at Dejima, Nagasaki Ryuji Hiraoka The gravestone of Hendrik Duurkoop (1736-1778) in the Dutch Cemetery at the Goshinji temple in Nagasaki (fi gure 1) has long been famous as the oldest surviving gravestone in Japan belonging to a European.1 Duurkoop, who divided most of his adult life between Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) and Nagasaki, died at sea at the age of 42 en route to his second posting as director (opperhoofd) of the Dutch trading post at Dejima. This essay assembles the available historical materials in Dutch and Japanese to give a brief account of Duurkoop’s life and the history of his gravestone after his death.2 Figure 1. Duurkoop’s grave (Dutch Cemetery, Goshinji temple, Nagasaki). Photo by author. Hendrik Godfried Duurkoop (De: Hendrick Gottfried Dürkopp) was born on May 5, 1736, in Dornum, Eastern Friesland (today part of Aurich in Lower Saxony, Germany).3 He was baptized three days later in the nearby St. Bartholomäus Church. In 1754, he joined the Dutch East Indies Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or “VOC”) in Amsterdam, and on December 31 of the same year he set sail on the Overnes for Batavia in the Dutch East Indies. He was just 19 years old 54 when he arrived in Asia. It seems that Duurkoop worked in Batavia for some years after his arrival in 1755, because his name does not appear in the diary of the director of the Dutch trading post at Dejima until February 16, 1764. -
The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha: Monastic Warriors and Sohei In
OF Japanese history THETEE A DOLPHSON “This is, in many ways, the best book we are likely to have on violence and its political and social origins T among the early medieval Buddhist/Shinto clergy for quite some time. Comprehensive, lucid, and HE authoritative, The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha examines the interconnections among the members of BUDDHA Japan’s ruling trifunctional elite in a way that contributes rich insights into the very nature of Heian and T THE TEETH AND CLAWS Kamakura society. This study is long overdue and establishes Adolphson as one of a handful of scholars HAND CLAWS who have dealt with religious protests and violence in an intelligent and captivating way.” —W. Wayne Farris, University of Hawai‘i OF THE BUDDHA “Mikael Adolphson has presented the first cogent explanation of the role of violence in Japanese monas- teries, interrogating the much-misunderstood role of the so-called warrior monks. Based on a wide and deep knowledge of primary sources, Adolphson has both advanced the scholarly understanding of the broader configurations of the samurai and has also done a fine job of dispelling many myths that persist in Japanese and Western popular culture. This is our first true picture of the various types of men who Monastic Warriors and Sōhei in Japanese History wielded arms on behalf of religious institutions—few of whom were actually monks.” —G. Cameron Hurst, University of Pennsylvania Mikael Adolphson is associate professor of Japanese history in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University. Cover art: Mounted armed monks in the Kasuga gongen kenki e.