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Eras Do Japão – Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre Eras do Japão Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. As eras do Japão (em japonês: 元号; gengō ou 年号; nengō) são um meio de contagem de tempo no Japão no qual o ano é identificado por uma combinação do nome dado à era e ao ano dentro desta era. Por exemplo: 2018 é o 30° ano da era Heisei. Este sistema ainda está vigente nos dias atuais no Japão sendo requerido em documentos oficiais do governo. A era mais longa até o momento é a era Showa, com 64 anos. Em geral a mudança entre eras é ditada pela ascensão de um novo imperador como ocorreu no início da era Heisei porém já houve mudanças de era ditadas por eventos históricos ou desastres. Desde 1867 na ascensão do imperador Mutsuhito foi adotado o sistema que muda a era apenas a cada mudança de reinado, sendo iniciada uma nova era em 1868 denominada era Meiji. A contagem das eras foi iniciada pelo imperador Kotoku, sendo a primeira era de nome Taika. A tradição não foi mantida mas foi retomada pelo imperador Mommu e desde então tem sido contada até os dias atuais. Índice Tabela de conversão do calendário gregoriano ao nengō Período Asuka (538-710) 飛鳥時代 Período Nara (710-794) 奈良時代 Período Heian (794-1185) 平安時代 Período Kamakura (1185-1333) 鎌倉時代 Período dos governos Daikakuji e Jimyōin Governo Daikakuji 大覚寺統 Governo Jimyōin 持明院統 Período Nanbokuchō 南北朝時代 Corte do Sul (Governo Daikakuji) 南朝（大覚寺統） Corte do Norte (Governo Jimyōin) 北朝（持明院統） Período Muromachi (1392-1573) 室町時代 Período de Reunificação (1392-1466) (南北朝合一後) Período Sengoku ou período de guerras internas (1467-1573) 戦国時代 Período Azuchi-Momoyama (1573-1603) 安土桃山時代 Período Edo (1603-1867) 江戸時代 Japão moderno (1868-presente) 明治時代以降 Ver também Referências Bibliografia Tabela de conversão do calendário gregoriano ao nengō Para converter um ano régio japonês para o calendário gregoriano ou sistema ocidental, encontre o primeiro ano do nengō ( nengō = o nome da era; veja lista abaixo). Subtraia 1 dessa data e adicione o número do ano japonês que se deseja descobrir. Por exemplo, o vigésimo terceiro ano da era Showa (Showa 23) é 1948: Exemplo: 1926 (primeiro ano da era Showa) − 1 = 1925 ...e então 1925 + 23 = 1948 ... ou Showa 23. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 1/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre Período Asuka (538-710) 飛鳥時代 Ano Kanji Romanização Notas 1 645 大化 Taika Imperador Kōtoku, 645-654. 650 白雉 Hakuchi Os nomes das eras foram temporariamente interrompidos entre 654 654-686: Veja a seção "Períodos Não-Nengō" abaixo, após as tabelas. também: Suchō, Akamitori ou 686 朱鳥 Shuchō Akamidori; Imperador Temmu, 672-686. Os nomes das eras foram (novamente) temporariamente 686 interrompidos entre 686-701: Veja a seção "Períodos Não-Nengō" abaixo, após as tabelas. também: Daihō; Imperador Mommu, 701 大宝 Taihō 697-707. também: Kyōun. Imperador Mommu; 704 慶雲 Keiun Imperatriz Gemmei, 707-715. 708 和銅 Wadō Período Nara (710-794) 奈良時代 Ano Kanji Romanização Notas 1 715 霊亀 Reiki Imperatriz Genshō, 715-724. 717 養老 Yōrō também: Shinki; Imperador Shōmu, 724 神亀 Jinki 724-749. 729 天平 Tenpyō também: Tenbyō ou Tenhei. também: Tenbyō-kanpō. Imperador 749 天平感宝 Tenpyō-kanpō Shōmu. também: Tenbyō-shōbō ou Tenpei- 749 天平勝宝 Tenpyō-shōhō shōhō. Imperatriz Kōken, 749-758. também: Tenbyō-hōji ou Tenpei-hōji. 757 天平宝字 Tenpyō-hōji Imperador Junnin, 758-764; Imperatriz Shōtoku, 764-770. também: Tenbyō-jingo ou Tenhei- 765 天平神護 Tenpyō-jingo jingo. 767 神護景雲 Jingo-keiun 770 宝亀 Hōki Imperador Kōnin, 770-781. 781 天応 Ten'ō Imperador Kammu, 781-806. 782 延暦 Enryaku Período Heian (794-1185) 平安時代 https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 2/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre Ano Kanji Romanização Notas 1 Imperador Heizei, 806-809; Imperador 806 大同 Daidō Saga, 809-823. 810 弘仁 Kōnin Imperador Saga. 824 天長 Tenchō Imperador Junna, 823-833. também: Shōwa ou Sōwa. Imperador 834 承和 Jōwa Ninmyō, 833-850. 848 嘉祥 Kashō também: Kajō. 851 仁寿 Ninju Imperador Montoku, 850-858. 854 斉衡 Saikō 857 天安 Ten'an também: Tennan. 859 貞観 Jōgan Imperador Seiwa, 858-876. também: Gankyō ou Genkei. Imperador 877 元慶 Gangyō Yōzei, 876-884. também: Ninwa. Imperador Kōkō, 884- 885 仁和 Ninna 887. também: Kanpei ou Kanbyō ou Kanbei 889 寛平 Kanpyō ou Kanhei. Imperador Uda 887-897; Imperador Daigo, 887-930. 898 昌泰 Shōtai Imperador Daigo. 901 延喜 Engi Imperador Daigo. 923 延長 Enchō Imperador Suzaku, 930-946. 931 承平 Jōhei também: Shōhei. Imperador Suzaku. também: Tenkei ou Tenkyō. Imperador 938 天慶 Tengyō Suzaku. também: Tenreki. Imperador Murakami, 947 天暦 Tenryaku 946-967. 957 天徳 Tentoku 961 応和 Ōwa 964 康保 Kōhō Imperador Reizei, 967-969. também: Anwa. Imperador En'yū, 969- 968 安和 An'na 984. 970 天禄 Tenroku 973 天延 Ten'en 976 貞元 Jōgen também: Teigen. 978 天元 Tengen também: Yōgan. Imperador Kazan, 983 永観 Eigan 984-986. também: Kanwa; Imperador Ichijō, 986- 985 寛和 Kan'na 1011. 987 永延 Eien 989 永祚 Eiso 990 正暦 Shōryaku também: Jōryaku or Shōreki. 995 長徳 Chōtoku https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 3/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre 999 長保 Chōhō 1004 寛弘 Kankō Imperador Sanjō, 1011-1016. 1012 長和 Chōwa Imperador Go-Ichijō, 1016-1036. 1017 寛仁 Kan'nin 1021 治安 Jian também: Chian. 1024 万寿 Manju 1028 長元 Chōgen Imperador Go-Suzaku, 1036-1045. 1037 長暦 Chōryaku também: Chōreki. 1040 長久 Chōkyū 1044 寛徳 Kantoku Imperador Go-Reizei, 1045-1068. 1046 永承 Eishō também: Eijō ou Yōjō. 1053 天喜 Tengi também: Tenki. 1058 康平 Kōhei 1065 治暦 Jiryaku 1069 延久 Enkyū Imperador Go-Sanjō, 1068-1073. também: Shōhō ou Shōho. Imperador 1074 承保 Jōhō Shirakawa, 1073-1086. 1077 承暦 Jōryaku também: Shōryaku ou Shōreki. 1081 永保 Eihō também: Eiho. 1084 応徳 Ōtoku 1087 寛治 Kanji Imperador Horikawa, 1087-1107. 1094 嘉保 Kahō 1096 永長 Eichō 1097 承徳 Jōtoku 1099 康和 Kōwa 1104 長治 Chōji também: Kashō ou Kasō. Imperador 1106 嘉承 Kajō Toba, 1107-1123. 1108 天仁 Ten'nin 1110 天永 Ten'ei 1113 永久 Eikyū 1118 元永 Gen'ei 1120 保安 Hōan Imperador Sutoku, 1123-1142. 1124 天治 Tenji 1126 大治 Daiji também: Taiji. 1131 天承 Tenshō 1132 長承 Chōshō 1135 保延 Hōen 1141 永治 Eiji 1142 康治 Kōji Imperador Konoe, 1142-1155. 1144 天養 Ten'yō também: Tennyō. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 4/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre 1145 久安 Kyūan 1151 仁平 Ninpei também: Ninpyō. 1154 久寿 Kyūju Imperador Go-Shirakawa, 1155-1158. também: Hogen. Imperador Nijō, 1158- 1156 保元 Hōgen 1165. 1159 平治 Heiji 1160 永暦 Eiryaku 1161 応保 Ōhō 1163 長寛 Chōkan também: Chōgan. 1165 永万 Eiman Imperador Rokujō, 1165-1168. também: Ninnan. Imperador Takakura, 1166 仁安 Nin'an 1168-1180. 1169 嘉応 Kaō 1171 承安 Jōan também: Shōan. 1175 安元 Angen também: Chishō. Imperador Antoku, 1177 治承 Jishō 1180-1185. 1181 養和 Yōwa 1182 寿永 Juei 1184 元暦 Genryaku Há divergências entre alguns estudiosos quanto ao último ano Heian. Alguns consideram 1185, enquanto outros optam por 1192. Veja período Kamakura, logo abaixo. Período Kamakura (1185-1333) 鎌倉時代 https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 5/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre Ano Kanji Romanização Notas 1 Segundo alguns historiadores, o período Kamakura teve início em 1185, quando Minamoto no Yoritomo tomou o poder do imperador e estabeleceu seu governo em Kamakura. Para outros, o período teve início em 1192, quando foi formalmente reconhecido. 1185 文治 Bunji também: Bunchi. 1190 建久 Kenkyū Imperador Tsuchimikado, 1198-1210. 1199 正治 Shōji 1201 建仁 Ken'nin 1204 元久 Genkyū 1206 建永 Ken'ei também: Ken'yō. também: Shōgen. Imperador Juntoku, 1207 承元 Jōgen 1210-1221. 1211 建暦 Kenryaku 1213 建保 Kenpō também: Shōkyū. Imperador Chūkyō, 1219 承久 Jōkyū 1221; Imperador Go-Horikawa, 1221- 1232. 1222 貞応 Jōō 1224 元仁 Gen'nin 1225 嘉禄 Karoku 1227 安貞 Antei 1229 寛喜 Kangi também: Kanki. 1232 貞永 Jōei Imperador Shijō, 1232-1242. 1233 天福 Tenpuku 1234 文暦 Bunryaku 1235 嘉禎 Katei 1238 暦仁 Ryakunin também: Rekinin. 1239 延応 En'ō também: Ennō. também: Ninchi. Imperador Go-Saga, 1240 仁治 Ninji 1242-1246. 1243 寛元 Kangen Imperador Go-Fukakusa, 1246-1260. 1247 宝治 Hōji 1249 建長 Kenchō 1256 康元 Kōgen Imperador Kameyama, 1260-1274. 1257 正嘉 Shōka 1259 正元 Shōgen 1260 文応 Bun'ō também: Bunnō. 1261 弘長 Kōchō 1264 文永 Bun'ei Imperador Go-Uda, 1274-1287. 1275 建治 Kenji 1278 弘安 Kōan Imperador Fushimi, 1287-1298. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eras_do_Japão 6/13 19/04/2019 Eras do Japão – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre 1288 正応 Shōō 1293 永仁 Einin Imperador Go-Fushimi, 1298-1301. 1299 正安 Shōan Imperador Go-Nijō, 1301-1308. 1302 乾元 Kengen 1303 嘉元 Kagen 1306 徳治 Tokuji também: Engyō ou Enkei; Imperador 1308 延慶 Enkyō Hanazono, 1308-1318. 1311 応長 Ōchō 1312 正和 Shōwa 1317 文保 Bunpō também: Gennō. Imperador Go-Daigo, 1319 元応 Gen'ō 1318-1339. 1321 元亨 Genkō Imperador Go-Daigo. 1324 正中 Shōchū Imperador Go-Daigo. 1326 嘉暦 Karyaku Imperador Go-Daigo. 1329 元徳 Gentoku Imperador Go-Daigo. Após os planos do imperador Go-Daigo (governo Daikakuji) de derrubar o xogunato terem sido descobertos, ele mudou o nome da era Gentoku para Genkō. No entanto, o governo de Kamakura (xogunato) não reconheceu oficialmente o novo nome, continuando a empregar Gentoku e, ao mesmo tempo, passou a apoiar outro imperador, Kōgon (governo Jimyōin) para ascender ao trono. Período dos governos Daikakuji e Jimyōin Governo Daikakuji 大覚寺統 Ano 1 Kanji Romanização Notas 1331 元弘 Genkō Imperador Go-Daigo. O imperador Go-Daigo é exilado pelo governo de Kamakura na província de Oki, um conjunto de ilhas localizadas no Mar do Japão e que hoje fazem parte da província de Shimane, em Honshū.
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