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Nihontō Compendium

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Nihontō Compendium Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13 strokes) 刄 刃 刃 刃 刃 Ha (unsimplified ) – 4 – 4 Strokes 元 元 元 元 Moto 天 天 天 天 Ama, Ten 井 井 井 井 I, Ido 月 月 月 月 Gatsu, Getsu, Tsuki (voiced) Gass, Gess 日 日 日 日 Aki, Nichi, (voiced) Niss 介 介 介 介 Suke 友 友 友 友 Tomo 中 中 中 中 Naka 夫 夫 夫 夫 Suke 仁 仁 仁 仁 Hito, Nin 太 太 太 太 Hiro, Ta 文 文 文 文 Fumi 多 多 多 多 Masa, Kata 分 分 分 分 Waki, Wake 戸 戸 戸 戸 Ie, To 市 市 市 市 Ichi, Machi 公 公 公 公 Kimi, Kō, Masa, Taka 王 王 王 王 Ō, Kimi 心 心 心 心 Kiyo, Shin 升 升 升 升 Masu 内 内 内 内 Uchi – 5 – 仍 仍 仍 仍 Yori 水 水 水 水 Sui, Mizu 少 少 少 少 Masa 仏 仏 仏 仏 Butsu (unsimplified 佛 7 Strokes) 予 予 予 予 Yo (unsimplified 豫 16 strokes) 5 Strokes 民 民 民 民 Tami 左 左 左 左 Sa, Suke 右 右 右 右 U, Suke 石 石 石 石 Ishi, Kazu 収 収 収 収 Kazu, Nobu, Kane 主 主 主 主 Nushi, Kimi 玉 玉 玉 玉 Kiyo, Tama, Gyō 立 立 立 立 Tatsu, Tate, Ryū 北 北 北 北 Kita, Hoku 卯 卯 卯 卯 Shige, Aki 世 世 世 世 Toshi, Se, Yo, Yuki 外 外 外 外 To, Tono, Soto, Ge 廣 広 広 広 広 Hiro, Kō (unsimplified 15 strokes) 弘 弘 弘 弘 Hiro 正 正 正 正 Masa – 6 – 包 包 包 包 Kane 本 本 本 本 Moto, Hon 平 平 平 平 Hira, Taira (voiced) Daira 功 功 功 功 Koto 永 永 永 永 Naga, Ei, Nori 末 末 末 末 Sue 加 加 加 加 Ka 古 古 古 古 Hisa, Ko 生 生 生 生 Nari, Shō 令 令 令 令 Nori, Yoshi 代 代 代 代 Shiro, Yo, Nori, Yori 白 白 白 白 Shiro, Kiyo, Haku 旦 旦 旦 旦 Tada 付 付 付 付 Tomo 辻 辻 辻 辻 Tsuji 田 田 田 田 Ta, Da, Tada 目 目 目 目 Yori 仙 仙 仙 仙 Hito, Sen 瓜 瓜 瓜 瓜 Uri 用 用 用 用 Mochi 司 司 司 司 Mori – 7 – 可 可 可 可 Yoshi 由 由 由 由 Yoshi 布 布 布 布 Nobu 半 半 半 半 Han 玄 玄 玄 玄 Haru, Gen 匡 匡 匡 匡 Masa, Tada 礼 礼 礼 礼 Nori 兄 兄 兄 兄 Tada 以 以 以 以 Sane, (voiced) Zane, o motte 辺 辺 辺 辺 Hen, Be (unsimplified 邊 19 strokes) 旧 旧 旧 旧 Kyū, Furu, Moto (unsimplified 舊 17 strokes) 台 台 台 台 Dai (unsimplified 臺 14 strokes) 6 Strokes 州 州 州 州 Shū, Kuni 竹 竹 竹 竹 Take 列 列 列 列 Tsuchi, Rei 行 行 行 行 Yuki, Kō, Gyō, Tsura 休 休 休 休 Yasu, Kyū 伊 伊 伊 伊 Kore, Tada 江 江 江 江 Kō, E 旨 旨 旨 旨 Mune – 8 – 光 光 光 光 Mitsu, Kō 次 次 次 次 Tsugu, Ji 吉 吉 吉 吉 Yoshi 成 成 成 成 Nari, Shige, Jō 安 安 安 安 Yasu, Sada 有 有 有 有 Ari 在 在 在 在 Ari 年 年 年 年 Toshi, Nen 宇 宇 宇 宇 U 守 守 守 守 Mori, Kami 宅 宅 宅 宅 Ie 因 因 因 因 In, Nao 仲 仲 仲 仲 Naka 曲 曲 曲 曲 Nori 先 先 先 先 Saki 任 任 任 任 Tō 同 同 同 同 Tomo, Dō, Atsu 羽 羽 羽 羽 Ha, Wa, Hane, U 充 充 充 充 Jū, Mitsu 自 自 自 自 Yori, Ji 舟 舟 舟 舟 Fune – 9 – 伝 伝 伝 伝 Hiro, Den, Yoshi (unsimplified 傅 12 strokes) 當 当 当 当 当 Masa (unsimplified 13 strokes) 芝 芝 芝 芝 Shige 至 至 至 至 Chika, Yoshi, Nori, Shi 全 全 全 全 Masa, Take, Mitsu, Yasu 共 共 共 共 Tomo 米 米 米 米 Yone, Mitsu 如 如 如 如 Nyo, Yoshi 汎 汎 汎 汎 Hiro 伏 伏 伏 伏 Fushi 式 式 式 式 Nori, Shiki 印 印 印 印 Aki, In 戌 戌 戌 戌 Inu 百 百 百 百 Hyaku, Momo 合 合 合 合 Haru, Au, Ai, Gō 汗 汗 汗 汗 Asa 肉 肉 肉 肉 Shishi 寺 寺 寺 寺 Tera, Ji – 10 – 7 Strokes 邦 邦 邦 邦 Kuni 言 言 言 言 Nobu, Toki, Koto 杉 杉 杉 杉 Sugi 杦 杦 杦 杉 Sugi 社 社 社 社 Mori, Taka, Ari 但 但 但 但 Tada, Tan 君 君 君 君 Kimi, Kun 私 私 私 私 Kisa, Shi 壽 寿 寿 寿 寿 Toshi, Ju, Hisa (unsimplified 14 strokes) 改 改 改 改 Kai, Masa 舛 舛 舛 舛 Masu 村 村 村 村 Mura 忍 忍 忍 忍 Nin, Oshi 秀 秀 秀 秀 Hide, Shū 助 助 助 助 Suke 芳 芳 芳 芳 Yoshi 辰 辰 辰 辰 Toki, Tatsu 見 見 見 見 Aki, Chika 近 近 近 近 Chika 利 利 利 利 Toshi 我 我 我 我 Ga – 11 – 良 良 良 良 Yoshi 花 花 花 花 Hana 伯 伯 伯 伯 Haku, Nori, Taka 角 角 角 角 Kado, Sumi, Zumi 作 作 作 作 Saku, Nari 抄 抄 抄 抄 Nuki, Suki 里 里 里 里 Sato 住 住 住 住 Sumi, Jū 位 位 位 位 Taka 谷 谷 谷 谷 Tani, Michi, Hiro 折 折 折 折 Toki 伴 伴 伴 伴 Tomo 町 町 町 町 Machi 足 足 足 足 Tari, Yuki 克 克 克 克 Katsu 臣 臣 臣 臣 Tomi, Shin, Omi 孝 孝 孝 孝 Taka 完 完 完 完 Masa, Sada 岑 岑 岑 岑 Mine 體 体 体 体 体 Moto, Tai, Teru (unsimplified 23 strokes) 床 床 床 床 Yuka, Toko – 12 – 戒 戒 戒 戒 Kai 妙 妙 妙 妙 Tada, Myō 希 希 希 希 Mare 亜 亜 亜 亜 Tsugu, A 酉 酉 酉 酉 Tori 應 応 応 応 応 Nobu, Nori, Ō (unsimplified 17 strokes) 判 判 判 判 Han 牡 牡 牡 牡 Bo 沖 沖 沖 沖 Oki 兵 兵 兵 兵 Hyō, Hei (voiced Bei) 来 来 来 来 Rai, Kuru, Kura, Yuki (unsimplified 來 8 str.) 宏 宏 宏 宏 Hiro, Kō 佛 佛 佛 佛 Butsu (simplified 仏 4 strokes) 宍 宍 宍 宍 Shi, Shishi 邑 邑 邑 邑 Mura, Kuni, Sato, Sumi, Tomo 究 究 究 究 Sumi (voiced Zumi) 序 序 序 序 Nobu, Tsugu 呂 呂 呂 呂 Ro, Naga 伸 伸 伸 伸 Shin, Nobu 對 対 対 対 対 Tai, Tsu (unsimplified 14 strokes) 志 志 志 志 Shi – 13 – 声 声 声 声 Sei, Koe (unsimplified 聲 17 strokes) 芸 芸 芸 芸 Gei (unsimplified 藝 18 strokes) 沢 沢 沢 沢 Sawa (voiced Zawa) (unsimplified 澤 16 str.) 余 余 余 余 Yo (unsimplified 餘 16 strokes) 8 Strokes 果 果 果 果 Aki, Ka 金 金 金 金 Kane, Kin, Kana, Kon, Yoshi 奇 奇 奇 奇 Ki 刻 刻 刻 刻 Toki 波 波 波 波 Nami, Ha (voiced Ba) 京 京 京 京 Kyō 空 空 空 空 Sora, Kū 径 径 径 径 Michi 拝 拝 拝 拝 Tomo 季 季 季 季 Sue, Toshi 幸 幸 幸 幸 Yuki, Kō, Yoshi 明 明 明 明 Aki, Teru, Myō 定 定 定 定 Sada, Tei 房 房 房 房 Fusa 國 国 国 国 国 Kuni, Koku (unsimplified 11 strokes) 忠 忠 忠 忠 Tada – 14 – 長 長 長 長 Naga, Osa 依 依 依 依 Yori 實 実 実 実 実 Zane, Sane, Jitsu (unsimplified 14 strokes) 宗 宗 宗 宗 Mune, Sō 直 直 直 直 Nao 延 延 延 延 Nobu 岩 岩 岩 岩 Gan, Iwa 法 法 法 法 Nori, Hō 門 門 門 門 Kado, Hiro 和 和 和 和 Kazu, Masa 周 周 周 周 Chika 治 治 治 治 Haru 青 青 青 青 Haru 舎 舎 舎 舎 Ie 岸 岸 岸 岸 Kishi 命 命 命 命 Naga, Nobu, Nori 泊 泊 泊 泊 Nami 泊 泊 泊 泊 Nori 岡 岡 岡 岡 Oka 枝 枝 枝 枝 Shige, Kore, Eda, Taka 茂 茂 茂 茂 Shige – 15 – 知 知 知 知 Tomo, Chi 武 武 武 武 Take, Mu 兎 兎 兎 兎 To 寳 宝 宝 宝 宝 Yoshi, Tomi, Taka (unsimplified 19 str.) 英 英 英 英 Hide, Teru 居 居 居 居 Sumi 供 供 供 供 Tomo 具 具 具 具 Tomo 虎 虎 虎 虎 Tora, Ko 取 取 取 取 Tori 姓 姓 姓 姓 Uji 若 若 若 若 Waka 昌 昌 昌 昌 Masa, Shō 林 林 林 林 Mori, Rin 典 典 典 典 Nori, Suke, Ten 往 往 往 往 Ō 阿 阿 阿 阿 A 侍 侍 侍 侍 Hito 枡 枡 枡 枡 Masu 松 松 松 松 Matsu 抹 抹 抹 抹 Matsu – 16 – 性 性 性 性 Saga 放 放 放 放 Sute 孟 孟 孟 孟 Take 沓 沓 沓 沓 Kutsu 東 東 東 東 Tō, Haru 受 受 受 受 Tsugu, Shige 使 使 使 使 Shi 朋 朋 朋 朋 Tomo 斉 斉 斉 斉 Nari 昊 昊 昊 昊 Kō 尚 尚 尚 尚 Nao, Hisa 弥 弥 弥 弥 Ya (unsimplified 彌 17 strokes) 夜 夜 夜 夜 Yoru 征 征 征 征 Masa 来 來 來 來 來 Rai, Kuru, Kura, Yuki (simplified 7 str.) 於 於 於 於 ni oite 奉 奉 奉 奉 Hō 寳 寶 宝 宝 宝 宝 Hō, Taka (unsimplified / 19/20 strokes) – 17 – 9 Strokes 研 研 研 研 Aki, Ken 屋 屋 屋 屋 Ie, Ya 計 計 計 計 Kazu 枯 枯 枯 枯 Kare, Karu 前 前 前 前 Mae, Saki (voiced Zaki) 城 城 城 城 Shiro, Jō 廻 廻 廻 廻 Tabi 為 為 為 為 Tame, Nari 浄 浄 浄 浄 Kiyo 神 神 神 神 Kami, Shin 軍 軍 軍 軍 Gun 草 草 草 草 Kusa, Sō 胡 胡 胡 胡 Ko 祓 祓 祓 祓 Kiyo 姿 姿 姿 姿 Kata, Taka 昭 昭 昭 昭 Aki, Shō 榮 栄 栄 栄 栄 Ei, Hide, Yoshi, Teru (unsimplified 14 str.) 則 則 則 則 Nori 秋 秋 秋 秋 Aki 重 重 重 重 Shige, Jū, Tsuge, Atsu 亮 亮 亮 亮 Suke, Aki – 18 – 乗 乗 乗 乗 Nori, Jō 祐 祐 祐 祐 Suke 品 品 品 品 Katsu, Shina 風 風 風 風 Kaze, Fū 信 信 信 信 Nobu, Shin 俊 俊 俊 俊 Toshi, Shun 貞 貞 貞 貞 Sada, Tei 春 春 春 春 Haru 政 政 政 政 Masa 持 持 持 持 Mochi 恒 恒 恒 恒 Tsune 宣 宣 宣 宣 Nobu, Nori 紀 紀 紀 紀 Nori, Ki 音 音 音 音 Oto 相 相 相 相 Suke, Sō 洞 洞 洞 洞 Tani 是 是 是 是 Kore 保 保 保 保 Yasu 郎 郎 郎 郎 Yoshi, O, Rō, Ryō 胤 胤 胤 胤 Tane 海 海 海 海 Umi, Kai – 19 – 圀 圀 圀 圀 Kuni 度 度 度 度 Nori, Do, Tabi 巻 巻 巻 巻 Maki 待 待 待 待 Machi 美 美 美 美 Yoshi, Mi, Bi 泉 泉 泉 泉 Sen, Izumi 厚 厚 厚 厚 Atsu 威 威 威 威 Take 香 香 香 香 Taka, Kō 南 南 南 南 Nan, Nami 後 後 後 後 Nochi, Go 故 故 故 故 Hisa 発 発 発 発 Hatsu 昼 昼 昼 昼 Hiru 俦 儔 儔 儔 Tomo (unsimplified 儔 16 strokes) 毘 毘 毘 毘 Aki, Hiro 盈 盈 盈 盈 Mitsu 勇 勇 勇 勇 Take, Yū 専 専 専 専 Taka 要 要 要 要 Toshi, Aki 珍 珍 珍 珍 Yoshi, Taka, Chin – 20 – 荘 荘 荘 荘 Ritsu 荘 荘 荘 荘 Shō, Ie 県 県 県 県 Ken (unsimplified 縣 16 strokes) 10 Strokes 朗 朗 朗 朗 Aki, Rō 兼 兼 兼 兼 Kane 帯 帯 帯 帯 Obi, Haki 郡 郡 郡 郡 Gun, Sato, Kuni 恭 恭 恭 恭 Yasu, Chika 修 修 修 修 Naga 倫 倫 倫 倫 Tomo, Rin 納 納 納 納 Nori, Nō 梅 梅 梅 梅 Ume, Bai 祥 祥 祥 祥 Yoshi 秡 秡 秡 秡 Kiyo 胷 胸 胸 胸 胸 Mune (variant ) 真 真 真 真 Sane (voiced Zane), Ma, Masa 高 高 高 高 Taka 座 座 座 座 Kura, Za 家 家 家 家 Ie – 21 – 倉 倉 倉 倉 Kura 鬼 鬼 鬼 鬼 Oni, Ki 峯 峯 峯 峯 Mine, Hō 峰 峰 峰 峰 Mine, Hō 員 員 員 員 Kazu 時 時 時 時 Yoki 能 能 能 能 Yoshi 泰 泰 泰 泰 Yasu, Hiro 流 流 流 流 Haru, Ryū 師 師 師 師 Moro, Nori 涌 涌 涌 涌 Waki, Waku 倶 倶 倶 倶 Tomo 敏 敏 敏 敏 Toshi 浦 浦 浦 浦 Ura 純 純 純 純 Sumi, Zumi, Jun 起 起 起 起 Oki 格 格 格 格 Nori, Kaku 連 連 連 連 Tsura 馬 馬 馬 馬 Ma, Uma 倍 倍 倍 倍 Masu 益 益 益 益 Masu – 22 – 通 通 通 通 Michi 宮 宮 宮 宮 Miya 帰 帰 帰 帰 Moto, Yori 秘 秘 秘 秘 Yasu, Hi 哲 哲 哲 哲 Tetsu 恕 恕 恕 恕 Yoshi 商 商 商 商 Aki, Shō 造 造 造 造 Nari, Tsukuru, Zō 貢 貢 貢 貢 Tsugu 耆 耆 耆 耆 Toshi 浪 浪 浪 浪 Nami 哥 哥 哥 哥 Yoshi, Uta 剣 剣 剣 剣 Akira, Tsurugi, Ken 浮 浮 浮 浮 Fu 扇 扇 扇 扇 Sen 将 将 将 将 Masa, Shō 剛 剛 剛 剛 Masa 孫 孫 孫 孫 Mago 陣 陣 陣 陣 Tsura, Jin 晃 晃 晃 晃 Aki 勉 勉 勉 勉 Tsutomu – 23 – 恵 恵 恵 恵 Yoshi, Kei (unsimplified 惠 12 strokes) 宴 宴 宴 宴 Mori 素 素 素 素 Moto 烈 烈 烈 烈 Retsu 庫 庫 庫 庫 Kura 記 記 記 記 Nori, Ki 隼 隼 隼 隼 Haya 矩 矩 矩 矩 Nori, Tsune, Tada, Kane 浜 浜 浜 浜 Hama (unsimplified 濱 17 strokes) 竜 竜 竜 竜 Ryū, Tatsu (unsimplified 龍 16 strokes) 11 Strokes 惟 惟 惟 惟 Kore, Tada 崎 崎 崎 崎 Saki 鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 Shika 梢 梢 梢 梢 Sue 貫 貫 貫 貫 Tsura 庸 庸 庸 庸 Tsune 教 教 教 教 Nori, Kyō 国 國 國 國 國 Kuni, Koku (unsimplified 8 strokes) 進 進 進 進 Yuki, Nobu 健 健 健 健 Take, Ken – 24 – 康 康 康 康 Yasu, Kō 啓
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