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Home , Blaeu Atlas of Scotland, Bunryaku, Celestial cartography, Chishui River, Cun (unit), Dewa Province

General Index

Italic page numbers indicate that the topic appears in illustration (along with characters for Chinese, japanese, and Korean authors and or in its caption on the cited page. Authors are listed in this index only works). Chinese, japanese, and Korean characters are provided in this when their ideas or works are discussed; full listings of authors' works index for terms, map titles, people, and works (except for those already as cited in this volume may be found in the Bibliographical Index given in the Bibliographical Index).

Abe *$ clan, 581, 582-83, 598 from Ming, 166-67,552,553,554, Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 439 Abe Masamichi rm.r$lE~, 470-71 576,578 plans of , 418 Abe no Ariyo *1.gflt!t, 582 nautical charts, 53 reconstructed Yoru no tsuki no susumu Abe no Haruchika *$~*Jl, 598 and, 112, 133 o tadasu no , 583 n.9 Abe no Yasutoshi 3($~*Jl, 582 provincial maps, 180 at Saga Prefectural Library, 399 Abe no Yasuyo *$~t!t, 582 reproductions of Ricci's maps, 177 Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 Abhidharmakosa (Vasubandu), 622, 623, scale on early maps, 54 shitaji chubun no zu, 363 715-16 map on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 Shohomaps, 382, 399,400,444 Abma1J4ala (Circle of Water), 716, 718 stone maps, 138 "Tenjiku zu," 376 Aborigines 's star charts, 544-45 Tenmon keito, 590 japanese, 601-2 planisphere, 546, 548 Tenmon seisho zu, 590 West Malaysian, 741 Tianjing huowen, 584 Tensho sasei no zu, 598 Accuracy. See also Reality; Representation Xingjing, 529 Takaida bungen ezu, 424 of British map of Burmese border region, Xinyi xiang fayao, 548 Tokaido michiyuki no zu, 423 753 Guangqi's star charts, 569 from Tokugawa period, 453 of Buddhist charts, 777 Yu ji tu, 48 Tokugawa survey maps, 397 of Burmese maps Yixiang kaocheng, 574 of japanese , 396 of area east of the Irrawaddy, 805 Zhongguo gudai ditu ji, 55 n.38 of Javanese nautical chart, 828 of border dispute between Burma and of eclipses recorded in Han shu, 525 of jesuit , 512 , p1.40 of japanese celestial globe at Doshisha of jesuit maps, 185 collected by Francis Hamilton, 743 University, 591 of , 303 by Ricci, 175, 176,405 of country north from Ava, 747, 749 of japanese maps of , 185 of kingdom of Ava, 745 Bankoku sakaizu, 407, 409 of jesuit quadrant, 181 of Meiktila, 792 Bankokusazu4yp~40~409,428 of Korean maps, 309 plan of king's apartments, 800 based on "Dutch learning," 443 by Chong Sanggi, 306, 310, 313 of Shan States in Scott Collection, 760 city plans, 421 Ch'onggudo, 321 conformal maps, 424, 426 of celestial phenomena in Koryo sa, 558 Honch'on chondo, 576 Dainihon enkai yochi zenzu, 453 of charts by Trengganu navigators, 832 increased concern for, 298 of Chinese grids, 125 diagrammatic maps, 426 Kangnido, 284 of Chinese maps, 56, 126 from period, 346 by Kim Chongho, 320 of Guangdong Province, 190 map of , 399 King T'aejo's planisphere and copies, Chang'an zhi, 105-6 Gyoki-type, 369 563,564,567,568 copies of Fanyang city plan, 147 jotoku-type, 387 Naikaku map, 282 in Da Ming yitong zhi, 58 Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 p'alto ch'ongdo, 303 Fangyu shenglue, 177 Kasugamiya mandara, 366 , 558 gazetteers, 92, 138 Keicho map, 397, 399 and security concerns, 297 Guangdongsheng quantu, 164 "Kita Ezochi [zu]," 450 Son'gi okhyong, 252 Guang yutu, 303 n.206 Kosei Dainihon enbizu, 413-14 star charts on screen, 567 Han maps, 110, 132-33 Kyoho map, 399 Taedong yojido, 324 , 527 Matsumae chizu, 447 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Nanban-style, 380 of Korea's northern frontier 573 nautical charts, 383, 384, 385 on Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto, 292, maps, 54 n.36, 151 N ihon bunkei zu, 412 pl.18

893 894 General Index

Accuracy, of Korea's northern frontier on Nepali map of Central Asia, 645 Alexander the Great, 639 (eont.) on route map of Irrawaddy River below Alexandria, 639 in Kangnido, 289-91 Pagan, 819 Almanacs (lishu), 215 on Naikaku map, 292-93 on Sin'an chido, 333 Alpoim, Pero de, 828 in Sungnam, 294-96 in Sungnam, 296 , petroglyphs in, 6 of Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 782-83 on Taedong yojido, 325, 324 Altamira cave , 15 of lunar lodges in calendar treatise of in Thien-nam tu--ehi h;-do thu-, 490 Altars, 727, 630 Yuan shi, 551 on Tong'yo eh'ongdo, 306 Altitude of Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829, Administrative maps, 74, 75, 840, pl.39 and location of petroglyphs, 16 n.66 831 Adriatic Sea, 247 of sun, 181,713 of map of Timbanganten, 769 Adzes, 712 Amakusa Islands, 388 of Nepali map of Central Asia, 644, 646 Afghanistan, 647 Amarapura of Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, 650 Afghan War of 1839-43, 647 on Burmese map of country north from of Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 531 Africa Ava, 748 of regional map in National Library of on Kangnido, 244, 248, 266 on Burmese map of kingdom of Ava, 747 Thailand, 766 Katsuragawa's map of, 436 on Burmese map of Shan territory, 805 of Siamese military map, 763, 765 on Korean terrestrial globe, 251 Burmese maps of, 796, 798, 799, 822-23 of Sino-Tibetan world map, 643 on Nanban-style world map, 462 on Burmese regional maps, 808-9 of So Hosu's and Kim Chongho's geodetic on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 on Burmese route maps, 786, 816-17 coordinates, 312-13 on Son'gi okhyong, 252 on Burmese rural maps, 818-19 of Song determinations of equatorial on Yoji ehondo, 249 Ambon (Amboina) Island, 830 extensions of xiu, 548 on Zhang-zhung map, 639 America. See North America; South America of Southeast and East Asian maps, 846 American Museum of Natural History, Hall of Southeast Asian astronomy, 738 Bornean Dayaks' conceptions of, 13 of Asian Peoples, 680-81 of Tang astronomy, 533, 538 Chinese conception of, 167 Amitabha, 627, 628, 629. See also Buddhas of Tang poetry, 106 and cosmological maps, 13 Ammarell, Gene, 713 of Tashilunpo monastery on Tibetan Han conception of, 80 n.59, 150 Amu Darya, 644, 646 triptych, 637 importance of maps in, 77-80 , 299 of Tibetan maps conception of, 80 n.59 An Ch'olson ~m-fffi, 345 compiled by two , 614 Agricultural installations, 318, 321 An Chungt'ae ~m~, 252 n.51 maplike paintings, 634 Agriculture, 18-19, 96 Anandas, 696 n.25, 722 n.70 mural of Chang'an at Potala palace, A'i (passes), 484 Anan River. See Mae Nam Nan River ~,Queen, 670 Ai 37 Anastomosis, 749, 803 of Samye monastery, 667 Ainosho (Bag of rubbish) (Gyayo), 376 Anatomy, Tibetan diagrams of, 615 of Shigatse, 668 n.119 An-bang Province, 483 of Trai phum, 741 Ainus, 13, 601 Ancient Observatory, , 574, 575, 578 of Verbiest's star catalog, 574 Ajanta, 612 Andaman Islands, 641, 743, 796 n.115, 834 of Vietnamese maps Ajapala, 778 Andong upto ~*E5[IJ (Map of the district Dqi-Man quoe-do, 496 Ajina 5:2$~ (Asia), 431 n.309 seat of Andong), 330, 334 Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 "Ajina Myaju bankoku sazu" 5:2*m~:tz!P1\1\1~ Angelis, Girolamo de, 444 n.353 Gia-dinh tinh, 500-501 f@*,~1iiI (Map of all the countries in Angkor Acutta, 781 Ajina Myaju [Asia]) (in Zatto Angkor Thorn, 695 Adams, George, 434 iehiran),431 Angkor , 479, 695, 840 Adam's Peak, 736, 737, 784 n.90 Ak -ffi (marchmounts), 295 in Btnh-nam do, 493-94 Adarafijiya, 780 Akakuni (Red Country), 292. See also on Dqi-Man quoe-do, 496 Adeodato, 83-85 Cholla omitted from Dqi-Nam ban-do, 502-3 Administrative divisions. See also District Akani~tha (Not Youngest), 717, 718 maps Akan sanzai zue (Encyclopedia of the siting in, 739-40 on administrative map of Java, pl.39 insatiable spending of money) Anglo-Burmese Wars, 747, 753, 759, 785, on Andong upto, 334 (Akatsuki no Kanenari), 431 800,814,815 in Ch'onggudo, 317-18 Akiisa (empty space), 716, 717, 718 Anglo-Nepali War of 1814-16, 647 on Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto, pl.18 Akashika Yoshisada $JmIX~, 468-69 Anhui Province, lacquer disk unearthed in, in Da Ming yitong zhi, 294 Akashi , Akashi, 468-69 526-27 on Javanese map in Bibliotheque Akatsuki no Kanenari, 431 Animals Nationale, 773 Akioka Collection, National Museum of on Burmese maps on Kim Chongho's maps, 321 Japanese History, Sakura, 351, 394 of Ayutthaya, 797, 798 on Korean maps, 297 n.193 Cakkavala, 727 n.77 Korean maps of, 318-20 Akisato Rita f.x.m.~, 416,426 cosmography, 736 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 Akiyama Masashige f.xUJIEm, 401-2 on tuang-tuang, 796 on map of Cao-bang, 487-88 n.230 on Chinese maps on map of Seoul from Ch'onggudo, 316 Alaungpaya, King, 752, 754,805 of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, in Ming gazetteers, 188 Albuquerque, Afonso de, 689, 690, 828 524 on Naikaku map, 291-92 Alchi monastery, Ladakh, 680-81 Qing chart showing placement of on Nansenbushu Dainihonkoku sh6to zu, Alcor, 540 objects for sacrifice, 82 368 n.94 Aleni, Giulio, 249 in Shanhai jing, 133 General Index 895

tu from regional and local gazetteers, Aoshima Shunzo W~f~. , 445 during Shang civilization, 204 153 Aoyama Sadao, 246, 291, 292 technologies of production, 137-38 Zhou bronzes, 130 Aparagodanlya (Aparagoyana) japanese and, 346 on japanese maps in Burmese cosmography, 724, 725 prehistoric, cartography in, 1-4 engraving of Mount Sumeru from Todai on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 and Southeast Asian cosmography, 696 Temple, 371 on Cakravala according to ,Trai phum, Aru, 834 on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 716 Arunachal Pradesh, , Tibetan map of, on Nepali map of Vale of on Meru , 621 654-56 Kathmandu, 664 in "," 628 Arupyadhatu (Ariipadhatu) (Realm of in rock art, 3, 4, 6 n.20, 18 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 Nonform), 619, 625, 694, 716, in Southeast Asian cosmography, 719, 730 in Trai phum, 726 718, 730 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 , 549, 561 Aryas (advanced beings), 625 on Thai maps Arabian Peninsula, 244, 248, 265, 266 Asada Goryii PfvJHE~UJL, 450 n.372 on library cupboard, 733 Arabian Sea, 265, 266, 741-42 Asakura Takakage ~}j1t~it, 583 route map, 784, 785 Arabic, counterparts to tu in, 27 Asakusa, Edo, astronomical observatory at, in Trai phum, 726, 731 Arabs, 512,551-52 438-39 on Tibetan maps Arai Hakuseki ~j:f:BE , 435 Asano Hokusui ~}jmr~t7J<, 598 n.46 cartography, 671 Arakanrang~74~75~759,807 Ashimori no Sho (manor), Bitchii Province cosmography, 626 Aral Sea, 644, 646 (), map of, 362 drawn by Sherpa, 61 7 Arcana del mare (Robert Dudley), 388-89 Ashizuri peninsula, 387, 399 of Gorkha, 677 Architecture. See also Buildings Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University, route map from to Assam, 661 Burmese plans, 798-802, 839 678-79 of Sherpa village, 681 Chinese Asia. See also Central Asia; East Asia; in Wise Collection, 652 and cosmography, 203, 204, 210-13 Southeast Asia on Vietnamese maps and nonary square, 204-5 on Bankoku zu, 409 on Giao-chau du--dia do, 500 during Shang civilization, 204 on Buddhist world maps, 429 in Thien tai nhan dam, 499 japanese drawings for, 364 cartography compared with European Animism, 701-2 Newari, 612 cartography, 844-45 Animissa Cetiya, 778 and Southeast Asian cartography, 693-96 extent of Chinese knowledge of, 642, 644 Anjin no ho 1:ti~tZt:t (Western techniques and Southeast Asian cosmography, Katsuragawa's map of, 436 of navigation), 381 727-28 map of in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198-99 Annam, 533, 788 Taiwanese, 215 on Portuguese marine charts, 347 An-nam hinh-thang do (Illustrated maps of Tibetan, 613, 614 prehistoric cartography in, 1-23 An-nan), 489-90, 494-96 and Tibetan maps in Wise Collection, 652 on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 Annamite Cordillera of Vale of Kathmandu, 649 rock art, 15 on Burmese map of kingdom of Ava, 747 Archive d'Outre-Mer, Aix-en-Provence, 506 Thai maps of, 741-43 on Burmese route maps, 786, 788 Archivio di Stato, Florence, 458 in Trai phum, 839, 842, pl.36 on Laotian route map, 789 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, in Yinghuan zhilue, 108 on map of Cambodia and southern 370-71 on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 , 811 Arcs, 392, 561, 570-71, 573 on Zhang-zhung map, 639 possibly shown on map of Thailand, Laos, Arctic Circle, 408, 599 Asia carta diciaset[t]e piu moderna (Robert and Cambodia, 809 Arctic Ocean, 198-99,379 Dudley), 389 n.165 An-nam Long-bien Thanh, 483 Aries, 549, 561 Asitana, , star map in Tang tomb at, Annan ki 3i:1¥J§c (Records of Annam) Arima, 388 537 (Matsumoto Dado), 383 n.150 Aristobulus, 639 Aso Bay, 271 Annotation. See Text Armenia, 3, 11-12 Asoka, 696, 780 An Pass, 753, 758 Armillary clocks, 298, 344 Assam, 660, 661 An-quang Province, 483, 484, 501 Armillary spheres Asterisms. See also ; and Antarctica, 251, 252 by An Chungt'ae, 252 n.51 names ofconstellations Antarctic Circle, 408, 599 by Hong Taeyong, 253-54 n.57 Chinese, 513, 521, 522 Antares, 514, 515. See also Huo and huntian theory, 122 in Butian ge, 532 Anthropomorphism by Qian Luozhi, 530, 531 on ceiling of tomb at Xi'an, 523-24 in Chinese landscape painting, 136 by Song Iyong, 252, 253 in celestial diagrams, 11 in Mongolian rock paintings, 6, 8 Son~iokhyong,250,251-52,343 on Chen Zhuo's star map, 541 n.179 on Ngaju Dayak maps, 704 by Su Song, 541, 585 n.18 compared with Western constellations, in prehistoric rock art, 18 used in China, 529 548 in Trai phum, 731 used to make Tenmon seisho zu, 590 on list in fin shu, 538 Anville, jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 183, by Yi Minch'ol, 252-53 on constellation list in Sui shu, 538 299-301,303 from Yuan, Ming replica of, 551 on Dunhuang star map, 537 Aodo Denzen 2~~B3~ (Nagata Art on Guo Shoujing's constellation maps, Zenkichi), 439 Bhutanese, 612 551 Aoga, 385 Chinese on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Aokuni (Blue Country), 292. See also cartography as, 128-69 573 Ch'ungch'ong Province and science, 136 on Huangdao zong xingtu, 571 896 General Index

Asterisms, Chinese (cont.) missionaries and, 30 contents of, 257-58 Jin reference numbers, 530 observatories, 512, 531, 533, 550, 551, Portuguese on maps from Five Dynasties tombs, 574,575 o livro de Francisco Rodrigues, 540 during Qin and Han, 520-29 828-29,830 on Ming planisphere, 554 rediscovery of, 105 Southeast Asian, lack of, 842 on Ming star map from Longfu Temple, role of quantitative techniques, 96 Vietnamese, 479 552 Schall von Bell and, 179-80 An-nam htnh-thang do, 489-90, on navigational charts, 533 and Shang oracle bones, 514-15 494-96 numbering of within, 530, 559 surveying, 573, 574 Btnh-nam do, 488-89,492-94, 496, Shang allusions to, 515 Suzhou astronomical chart, 124 499,502 in Shi ji, 528 during Western and Eastern Zhou and Bqi-Nam ban-do, 502-3 in Shi jing, 516 Chungqiu period, 515-18 Bqi-Nam nhat-thong , 505-6 on Song celestial globe, 541 and cosmology, 9-10 Bqi-Nam nhat-thong dU'-do, 504, 505, on Su Song's star maps, 543, 544-45 Hindu, 737-38 506 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 548 instruments (see Instruments, Bqi-Nam quoc cU'O'ng-gi&i v~-bien [or in Wubei zhi, 555, 557 astronomical) vung-bien],506 in Xingjing, 52 Islamic, 588 n.27 Bqi-Nam thong-chi, 504 in Xuan xiang shi, 532 Japanese, 355,438-39,580-81, 592 Bqi-Nam toan-do, 503, 504, 505, 506 on Xu Guangqi's smaller maps, 570 Korean, 555-68 Bong-khanh dta-dU' chi-IU'Q'c, 506 Da jiao, 210 Jesuits and, 568-78 Giao-chau dU'-d~a do, 499-500, 501 defined, 513 observatories, 239, 557, 560, 568 Hong-du-c ban do, 486-89 in fenye, 208 during Yi (Choson), 559 Nam bac ky hoa do, 506 Jesuits and, 569 Southeast Asian, 712-13, 737-40 Nam-bac phien-d&i dia do, 481 on King T'aejo's planisphere, 561 lack of observatories, 738 Nam-ky hf)i-do, 501-2 in Koryo sa, 558 Asuka, Prefecture, 371 Thien-hq ban-do (Le atlas), 482-85, Astrography, 511 n.l Asurabhawan (Palace of the Asuras), 717 490,496,499,504 Astrolabes Asuras (semidivine and semidemonic Thien-nam If)-do, 495 in China,S51 creatures), 625, 626, 721, 726, 734 Thien-nam tu--chi If)-do thU', 490-92, in Japan, 347, 377, 381 n.141, 393, 394 Asutarabiyo 7 A '7 "7 C 3 (astrolabe), 394 496,502 AivakarQ~ lack of in Southeast Asia, 738 716, 717 Thien-nam tu--chi If)-do thU' dJn, 503-4 Astrology Atlantic Ocean, 379, 461, 462, 463 Tien-Le Nam- Vi~t ban-do ma-ban, 506 Chinese Toan-tq.p Thien-nam If)-do thU', 495 ancient practice of, 512 n.l1 Catalan Atlas van zeevaart en koophandel door de based on Western zodiac, 539 attributed to Cresques, 742, 743 geheele weereldt, 433-34 and conception of flat earth, 124 Chinese Ato no Sakanushi rm.r7J~.:t, 353 and constellation list in Shi ji, 528 Da Ming yitong zhi (see main entry) Atsuta sangu mandara ~EE~1S~~m drawing from tongzhi, 198 Da Qing yitong yutu, 195 n.66, (Mandala for pilgrimages to Atsuta ~nyechar~and,208 198-99,202 Shrine), 365-66 n.83 "field allocation," 588, 589 Da Qing yitong zhi (see main entry) Aunbrelre Kun, 748 and gazetteers, 90-91 of Guangdong Province, 190 Aung-Thwin, Michael, 786 n.95 and hydraulic civilization, 97 Guang yutu (see main entry) Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, map of, 814-15 and mapping, 191 of Jiangxi Province, pl.l0 Aurousseau, Leonard, 478 offices devoted to, 88 prefectural map from, 152-53 in political culture, 88-89 Qianlong neifu yutu, 186 in Zuozhuan, 516 Zhongguo gudai ditu ji, 55 n.38 on Chatei bankoku zenzu, 442 Japanese, 583 Dutch name of, 253 n.54 Korean, 557, 558, 559 Atlas van zeevaart en koophandel door on Shinsei yochi zenzu, 441 and location of petroglyphs, 16 n.66 de geheele weereldt, 433-34 on Son'gi okhyong, 252,253 Southeast Asian, 737-40 Nieuwe atlas, 434 on Utrecht map, 834 Tibetan, 612, 632-34, 670 French Ava. See also Burma Astronomy. See also Celestial mapping; Atlas de la navigation et du commerce as Burma's capital, 753 Constellations; Stars qui se fait dans toutes les parties du map of country north from, 747-49, in Armenia, 11-12 monde, 434 n.319 802-3 Chinese, 511-55, 568-78 Japanese map of Tenasserim coast, 750, 752, 804-5 Arab influence on, 512 Nihon bun' shisha zu, 414 n.269 maps of, 745-47, 796, 802-3 and early cartography, 53, 56 Nihon bunkei zu, 411-12, 412-13 Avalokiteivara, 626, 633. See also Buddhas and hydraulic civilization, 97 scarcity of, 350 Avici , 728 importance of, 10 Shin nikei juhassei yochi zenzu, 429 Awaji Island, 423 independent development of, 512 n.305 Axes influence on other parts of East Asia, Jesuit of Armenian astronomical observatory, 12 512 as basis for late Qing maps, 195 in Batak cosmography, 712 Islamic influence on, 119 n.77 Huangyu quanlan tu, 181-85, 198, 199, in Chinese urban planning, 210 Jesuits and, 568-78 439 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 lack of astrolabes,S51 n.209 Korean in Da Qing yitong yutu, 199 lunar lodges, 51 7 Ch'onggudo, 314-28 of earth, 468-69,470-71 General Index 897

on Guangdongsheng quantu, 164 significance of, 210 n.21 Baopuzi ([ of] the master who of Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 solar eclipses recorded in, 525 embraces simplicity) (Ge Hong), polar, 251 on star charts, 521 226 in 's conception of mapping, 124 "Tianwen zhi," 521-22, 527 n.103 Bao-thien tower, 484, 490 and scale of Guang yutu, 60 "Wuxing zhi," 209-10, 214,527 n.l03 Baozhang shi f*~~ (royal astrologer), 88 on Tibetan divination diagrams, 634 Banda Idand, 828,830 Baranas~780,781,782 in Tibetan , 612 Ban-do (map), 479 (period between lives), 629, 672 Axis mundi Bangka, 830 Bar-do thos-grol (Book of the dead), 620 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 , 816-17,818-19 Bark, maps on, 704, 725, 726-27, 766, 840 in Edakal cave paintings, 12-13 Bankaku lA~ (world [all countries]), 431 Barnes, A. C., 533 n.145 Mount Meru as, 693, 714, 715, 716, 719 n.309 Bar-po-so-brgyad (Parsogard, Pasargadae), in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 706 n.20 "Bankaku no zenzu" ~~z~1II (Map of 639 Axonometric perspective, 613 n.28 many guests) (in Akan sanzai zue), Bar scales Ayudhya, 496 431 on Italian map of Japan, 389 Ayusawa Shintaro, 351 Bankoku chikyu saiken zenzu ~~!fu~Wl.5t on Japanese nautical charts, 382, 384, 463 Ayutthaya, 737, 742, 796, 797-98, 822-23 ~fiI (Detailed map of all the on Nanban-style world maps, 378,461 Azimuths, 12, 587-88, 777 countries on the globe), 410 n.254 used by Chong Sanggi, 319 n.240 Aziz, Barbara Nimri, 617, 676-77 Bankoku chikyu zenzu ~~!fu~~1II (Map Bas-reliefs Azuma kagami (Mirror of the eastern lands), of all the countries on the globe) at Angkor Wat, 695 395 (Katsuragawa Hoshii), 435-36 on Hindu temples in Bali, 790 n.103 from Javanese temples, 696, 697, 723 (celestial palace), 519-20, Bankoku ezu ~~*'tlll (Map of all the on Ngaju Dayak bamboo container, 708 524,528,556,579 countries), pl.23 of Southeast Asian horoscopes, 738 Bankoku {ukikyu ~~m~~ (Rich and on Southeast Asian temples, 696 Ba Khet, U, 798 n.120 joyful globe of all the countries), Tibetan work relating to Mount Kailas, Baba Sajiir6 I~~~+~~' 439 470-71 657-59 BC;lch-ma tit (White Horse Temple), 484 "Bankoku no zu" ~~zliI (Map of all the Bassac River, 787, 809 Bacon, Francis, 223 countries) (in Nendaiki eiri), 407 Bassein, 816-17 BJc-thanh dia-du- chi (Geographic record of n.241 Batak tribes, 711-12 the north), 500 Bankoku no zu (maps of all the countries), Batanjin enzaki ~ftA~~ (Painted scroll Badao ditu J\~:tm[IJ (map of the Eight 381 showing Bataan Islanders), 464 Provinces), 303 ~~~.z[l1 Bankoku shoka no zu , maps on, 692, 697, 770-73, 840 Baghdad, 646, 647 (Visualized map of all the Battle of Lepanto, 463 Bagmati River, 657, 662, 663 countries), 429 n.304 Ba-vinh Pho, 494 Bagrow, Leo, 189,689-90,839 ~~~.fI1 Bankoku shuran zu (Visualized Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, 352, "Baiguan zhi" 8'§~ (Treatise on the map of all the countries), 429 506-7 hundred offices), 88 n.91 n.304 Bay of , 742, 758, 759 ~~~:W1iI Baihu am:. .See Bankoku sokaizu (General Bay of Pattani, 831 Bailey, Frederick M., 654 world map) (Ishikawa Ryiisen), Bay of Wonsan, 303,304,321 Bali 407,409 Bayon, 695 cosmography, 723 Bankoku sozu (Map of all the countries), Beans Collection, University of British map possibly from, 770-73 394,405-9,428-29 Columbia, 352 maps from, 767, 790 n.103, 840 Bankoku sozu ~m~liI (Shimonoseki City Bearings, 312 n.231 temple compounds in, 696 Chofu Museum), 405, 406 Bei di ~t1:k (northern barbarians), 77 Bamboo, as map medium, 137 n.48, 692, Bankoku sozu ~mmlil (Yamaguchi Beidou ~t4 (Big or Northern Dipper). See 706-8, 795-96 University Library), 380 n.137 also Big Dipper; Great Bear Ban Jt& (official documents), 74 Bankoku yochi zenzu ~m~!fu~lil (Map on ceiling of Northern tomb, 531 Ban (village), 766 of all the countries in the world) and Chang'an city walls, 524 Ban Gu (Matsubara Uchii), 438 in Chunqiu, 515 "Dongdu fu," 77 Bankoku zu lAmlll (Map of all the on cosmic board, 527 Han shu countries), 409, 410 on Dunhuang star map, 535 on astrology and political culture, 88 Bankokuzu kawa shozu ~mlil1f[~fiJ on Japanese celestial map from astronomical treatise, 518 n.49 (Sketch from a map of various era, 583 n.14 comets in, 527 countries), 465 on Liao star map, 549 constellation list in, 528 Ban Mang, Laos, temple at, 727 on maps from Five Dynasties tombs, 540 description of Qin Shihuang's tomb, 78 Banner paintings, 623, 657, 664 on Song celestial globe, 541 n.55 Banners (Mongolian subdivisions), 682-85 and Western constellations, 525, 528, 548 dilizhi, 75, 76, 89 "Ban-quoc ban-do t6ng-quat m~c-ll;lc" Beigong ~t'§ (Northern Palace), 528 on intellectual climate of Western Zhou, (Index and overview of the maps of Beiji ~tfj (North Pole), 531, 583 n.14 71 our country) (in Le atlas), 483, Beijing on map scale and military strategy, 109 486,490,496 on Burmese route map, 786 on maps from "barbarians," 77 n.48 Bantam, sultan of, 768 celestial globe in, 578 place-names from on ch'onhado, 259 Bantam harbor, 769 Chinese astronomical observatory at, 550 n.71, 262 Bantu 1t&1il (map), 479 on Chinese route map, 188 898 General Index

Beijing (cont.) Binh-nam chi-chu-oog nh4t-trinh-do (Map and Tibetan Buddhist cosmography, 610, copy of Huangdao nanpei liang zong of the daily stages on the route to 634, pl.33 xingtu in, 572, 573 the south), 495, 497 Bodhi trees (Ficus religiosa), 802 cosmographical influences on design of, Binh-nam do (Maps of the pacification of Bogle, George, 637 210 the south), 488-89, 492-94, 496, Bohai (Parhae) kingdom, 238, 239 follows classical Chinese city plan, 211 499,502 cult on "Huangyu quantu," 200 Birds and , 607 's survey of, 180 in Batak cosmography, 712 n.39 conception of Shambhala, 632 on Korean maps of China, 268 in Bon drawing, 624 cosmography, 624-25 modeled on nonary square, 227 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 798 and Mount Kailas, 657 occupied by British and French troops, in Indian cosmological mapping, 14 in "Rebirth," 629 323 on Japanese pottery, 13 and Tibetan cartography, 672, 673 as , 181, 199,200,202 on map in Japanese tomb, 352 world map associated with, 638-42 Vietnamese route map to, 492 on Mongolian petroglyphs, 6, 7, 8 Bones, 72 n.12, 514-15 on Yogye kwanbang chido, 338-39, 340 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 704, 706, Bonin Islands, 464 Beizhili, Jesuit map of, 185 707,708 Bonne projection, 193 Bencet (type of gnomon), 713 on painting of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, Borders Benoist, Michel, 186 523 on ch'onhado, 259 *~~ Benzheng (internal evidence), 114 in prehistoric rock art, 18 in Haedong cheguk ki, 271 Berawan tribe, 709 on secular Thai route map, 785 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 Betts, J., 470-71 in Trai phum, 731 on rock paintings, 2-3 , 612, 616, 625, 626, 672 Bird's-eye perspective on scroll-mounted map of Koryo, 241-42 Bhavagra (pinnacle of being), 717 for bas-relief on Southeast Asian temples, Borneo (Kalimantan) Bhimbetka, rock paintings from, 2, 3 696 cartographic artifacts from, 741 Bhopal District, India, 13 for castles on Japanese panorama, 404 cosmographic engravings on bamboo Bhotia chief, 617 on Chinese maps, 190, p1.5 containers from, 706-8 Bhugolam (Globe/), 727 n.80 on Korean maps, 236, 329, 337, pl.20 geographic maps from, 767 not used by Sherpa children, 619 map of domains of sultan of Pontianak in art from at Musee d'Ethnographie de Kalimantan, 697,774,775-76 Neuchatel, 612 Black River (Hei Shui), 266 Black Sea, 246, 266 methods for determining time for sowing cosmographic mandalas in, 621-23 in, 712, 713 included in , 607 Blaeu, Joan, 434-35, 836 Blaeu, Willem Jansz., 391, 434, 600 n.54, mortuary cults and cosmography in, 702 map of on wall of Punakha dzong, 656 Ngaju Dayak maps from, 693, 703-6 Bi -W: (Net) (Hyades) (lunar lodge), 517, pl.23 "The Bliss of the Country of the Nats, pigs' livers used for divination in, 710, 534,548 711 Buddhist Religion," p1.35 Bian, Song bureau of astronomy at, 541 ship signs from, 13 Bian Canal, 116 n.70 Blue Dragon Temple, Chang'an, 642 tiwah ceremonies in, 13 Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris Blue Hills (Korea), 314 , Java, 694,695, 723, 728,840 Chinese in, 532 Boards, cosmic, 526, 527, 556 Bosan _gw (Star catalog), 580 copies of Huangdao nanpei liang zong Boats B6 tree, 733 xingtu in, 572, 573 on Bugi nautical maps, 834 Boundaries Vietnamese maps in, 506-7 on map of Amarapura, 823 in atlas of Guangdong Province, 190 Bichigtin-Am, 2 on map of P'yongyang, 337 on Burmese cadastral maps, 823 Bien-hoa Province, 504 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 706, 708 on Burmese cosmography, 736 Big Dipper (constellation), 515, 516. See on route map of area along Shweli River, on Burmese map of Province, 805 also Beidou; Great Bear 817 on Chong Sanggi's maps, 310 on Chinese cosmic boards, 527 on Sekai bankoku chikyu zu, 409 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thong du--do, 505 and correlations between and on Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 on fish-scale maps, 86 cities or provinces, 89 n.100 on tu from regional and local gazetteers, in early Chinese celestial mapping, 578 in Guang yutu, 51 153 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, on Japanese celestial map from Tenbun on view of P'yongyang, pl.20 era, 583 n.14 570-71,573 Bodawpaya, King, 753 on Korean cosmic boards, 556 in Indian rock art, 3, 4 , India, 657 on star map by Go-Y6zei, 583 on Japanese nautical charts, 384, 385 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 778 on Tensho s6sei no zu, 598 on Javanese map in Bibliotheque model of at, 612 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 Nationale, 773 Bihai mra (tiny sea), 264 omitted from Sino-Tibetan world map, on J6toku-type maps, 387 Bilichi ttf9UR (scale), 228 n.1 642 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829 Bimbisara, 636, 637 on route maps of sacred places of on map of area around River, Bindu (central point in Batak cosmography), Buddhism, 777, 778, 779, 781, 783 809 711,712 reconstructions of sacred geography' at, on map of Naga County, , Bindu matoga (authoritative point of 695-96 362 power),712 , 626, 631, 716-17 on map of Timbanganten, 768, 769, pl.38 Bingbu shangshu f(.gJ)1B1it (minister of birth of in Tu~ita, 716-17 on maps in Scott Collection, 761 war),82 as element of Indian cosmography, 715 in Mongolian cartography, 682-85 General Index 899

on regional map in National Library of Tibetan astrological table in, 632-34 map of world, 409 Thailand, 766 Tibetan pilgrimage map in, 657-59 and surveying, 358 on route map of Irrawaddy River, 819 "TLV" mirrors in, 214-15 and terrestrial globes, 391-92 and ritual, 366 n.86 Zhaoyutuon,3~3~69 Korean cartography in tradition of, on shitaji chubun no zu, 363 zoomorphs in, 130 254-56 on Siamese rural map, 795 Bronze Age and Koryo, 240 Boundary maps, 75 Dong-son drums, 737 maps in monasteries of, 656 Bouvet, Joachim, 180, 181 Hong Kong rock art from, 18 maps surviving in Korea, 343 Bowen, Emmanuel, 4 n.19 Mongolian grave plans from, 7-8 and Mount Kailas, 657 Boxue t-w~ (broad learning), 127 ship signs on drum from, 13 and Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 705 n.15 Boyar petroglyphs, 3-4, 5 "Bronze Liver of Piacenza," 710 paintings in Japan, 256 n.69 Brahmaloka (World of ), 718 Brooke, Rupert, 776 references to on Gyoki-type maps, 368 Brahmaputra River, 653 Browne, Sir Thomas, 203, 226-27 route maps of sacred places of, 777-84 Braun, Georg, 377 Brunei, 689, 776 and Southeast Asian cosmography, 701 Brazil, 828 Brushes, 137, 189, 349-50 temples Breath-resonance, 135-36 Bu * (Chinese unit of measurement), 36, Angkor Thorn, 695 Breuil, Henri, 3 228, 312 n.230 Angkor Wat, 695 Bridges Bu 7t (Japanese unit of measurement), 403, astral chart from ceiling of, 552, 553 on bas-relief from Javanese temple, 697 419 and cartography, 695-96 on Burmese map of Meiktila, 791 Buchanan, Francis. See Hamilton, Francis and divination and geomancy, 613, 614 on Chinese coastal map, pl.4 Buddhas. See also Amltabha; Avalokitesvara; Tibetan objects in, 612 on city plan for Mandalay, 827 Maiijusrl; Vajrapat: Vietnamese, 480 on Javanese map in Bibliotheque in Burmese cosmography, 724 and Tianjing huowen, 584 n.16 Nationale, 773 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 Tibetan in Le atlas, 484 and construction of chortens, 616 and bhavacakras, 625, 626 on map in Japanese tomb, 352 in moral landscape of three Jatakas, 636, and cartography, 672, 673 on map of Lishui , 91 637 and cosmography, 607, 608-9, 612 on maps in Scott Collection, 761 places visited by, 736, 737, 777, 778, 781, placement of temples, 613, 614 on Pingjiang tu, 141 784 n.90 and preservation of documents, 610 on Sin'an chido, 333 and planning of royal compound in and Samye monastery, 664, 665, 667 in Thien-nam tu--chi 1f)-dB thu-, 490 Mandalay, 799 and Western astrology, 539, 549 on Tibetan maps in Harrer Collection, relic of, 801, 825 world maps (map of the Five ), 654 statue of, 371, 372 371-76,455,460 on Tibetan maps in Wise Collection, 652 and Sukhavatl, 629 published throughout , 429 on Tokugawa survey maps, 397 and Tawadeintha festival, 728 by R6kashi, 409 n.251, 428, 429 on Vietnamese itinerary maps, 496 on Thai library cupboard, 734 as source for Japanese terrestrial globe, on YongHo nam yonhae hyongp'yondo, on Tibetan astrological table, 633 468-69 342 in Tibetan paintings, 634 Bu dong chu ::f1tJ.IE (place of Briet, Philippe, 389 n.166 Tibetan paintings of places important in nonmovement),531 Britain. See Great Britain lives of, 610 Bugis , London in Trai phum, 726 nautical charts, 692, 697, 832-38, 841, Bankoku SQZU at, 405 n.239 in tshogs-zhing, 627 842 ch'onhado held by, 257, 259 n.71 Buddhism perception of Scorpio, 713, 714 city plan of at, 475 and animism in Southeast Asia, 701-2 Buildings. See also Architecture journals of Francis Hamilton in, 745 Bayon, 695 on Andong upto, 330, 334 Tang star map in, 336-37,534-35 beliefs regarding earthquakes, 411 in Binh-nam dB, 493 Tibetan locality map held by, 678-79 in Burma, 717 n.52 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 798 Tibetan maps in Wise Collection at, and cartography, 693, 695-96 on Burmese route maps, 789 650-53,674 Chinese, 173, 174, 175 and Chinese geomancy, 216 British Museum, London compared with "Forms and on Ch'orongsong chando, p1.21 Chinese manuscripts acquired by, 532 Configurations" school of on city plan of Fanyang, 147 n.141 geomancy, 21 7 on city plan of Ningcheng, 147 Tang star map acquired by, 534-35, cosmography, 714-37 (see also conventions for in Tibetan painting, 617 536-37 Cosmography, Buddhist) on East Asian planimetric maps, 29 Tibetan pilgrimage map in, 659, 661 diagrams for siting ordination halls, 738, on Cia-dinh tinh, 500-501 Brittania (John Ogilby), 424 n.286 739 on Cion oyashiro ezu, p1.22 Bronze and geomancy, 277-78, 738-39 on cheng tu, 62 on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 (), 619 n.48, 689, on Japanese landscape from Heijo, 353 celestial globes in, 530, 550, 551, 574, 840 Japanese maps of, 362-66 577,578 hoshi mandaras, 600, 602 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 censers from Han, 131 influence in East Asia, 24 in local gazetteers, 189 vessel, 130 influence on Chinese cartography, 230 on map in Japanese tomb, 352 maps on, 36, 37, 138,587 in Japan on map of Chokpuri Hill, 677 mirror in, 537 and cartography, 347, 355, 453 on map of Drepung monastery, 666, 668 900 General Index

Buildings (cont.) in Trai phum, 737 vertical aspect of, 718 on map of Gorkha, 677 Burmese (language), maps in, 760 Calendars on map of Potala palace, 679 Burney, Henry, 753, 759 Arab concern with, 552 on map of Seoul, 335 Burmese maps collected by, 690, 692, in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 on map of Tashilunpo, 681 -699, 743, 755, 795 Chinese on Mawangdui maps, 147, 150 "Large Map of the Empires of Ava, Siam and agriculture, 96 on mural of Wutai Shan, 152 and Cochin-China," 755 and celestial mapping, 88 Nepali and Tibetan manuscripts with rules and restoration of territory from Manipur Da yan, 583 n.l0 for laying out, 613 to Burma, 747, 754 influence on Japanese calendars, 588 Newari plans for, 612 and surviving Burmese maps, 839 Ming discrepancies in, 552 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 708 Busha Toshima g6ri Edo no sh6 zu ~1i\r:R purposes of, 97 on nineteenth-century Chinese maps, 61 ~W¥IPJ±rII (Plan of Edo, reform of, 569 on painting of Shigatse, 669 Toshima County, Musashi surveys used to correct, 53 on plan of king's apartments, 800 Province), 420, 472 taishi ling constructs, 88 on plan of Sedawgyi Dam, 827 Butian ge ~:x::JX (Song of the sky pacer) and Tang astronomical survey, 123 replicas of in Qin Shihuang's tomb, 131 (Wang Ximing), 532, 538, 598 Western version adopted by, 180 on route map of telegraph line, 819 Buton Rinchen Drub (Bu-ston Rin-chen- Yehi Chucai's attempt to compile, 53 on secular Thai route map, 784 grub), 634 n.98 n.35 on Sin'an chido, 330, 333 Butter, mandalas made of, 621 in Yuan shi, 551 in Southeast Asian conceptions of Bu tu ft± (clay wrapped in cloth), 78 during Zhou, 515 nibbana, 730 Bu zan ff~ (Descriptive catalog on the constellations used to mark, 9 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 stars and constellations) japanese on Tai Shan quan tu, 146 by Chen Zhuo, 581-82 Chinese influence on, 355, 588 in Tibetan cartography, 654, 671 by Shi Shen, 580 on heiten gi, 592 Tibetan rules for constructing, 615-16 by Shi Shen, Gan De [or Gan Wenqing], reform of, 367 n.92, 433, 450 on Tangnae Pusan ko chida, 329 and Xian, 581-82 Shibukawa Harumi's reform of, 588 on town plan at Sunch'on, 238 Buzen no Suke Santoshi ~1NfrJtf~, 395 using European names for months, 394 on tuang-tuang, 796 n.200 javanese, 713 on Vietnamese itinerary maps, 496 Buzhou Shan (Mount Defective), 261 King Chongjo orders modification of, 310 Bukhara, 648 Byakko Bf!E . See White Tiger Ricci and,S69 Bukit (hills), 829 By6 fly (seconds) (unit of measurement), Southeast Asian, 738 Bukit Pattani, 829, 831 597 n.45 on Tibetan astrological table, 633 Bulgar (Saratov), 646 Western, Chinese criticism of, 226 Bun Khong, 719, 796 n.116 Cabo de Boa Esperan~a (Cape of Good Calico, maps on, 760, 762, 792 Bunda no kiku 5tJ.lzmm ("standard for Hope),405 , 134, 135, 136, 137, 231 degree mensuration") (Fukushima Cadastral maps Cambodia Kunitaka), 564, 566-67, 586-88 Burmese, 697, 839 on Burmese maps, 747, 788, 808-9, Bunda yojutsu (Techniques of protraction) of lands inherited by Mahamingyaw 810-11 (Matsumiya Toshitsugu), 394, 587 Raza, 790-91 cartography Biintal (constellation), 715 of Mandalay, 800, 824-25 Bagrow on, 689 Bunzu xliJ (graphic list), 349 of rural Burma, 821, 823 lack of surviving maps, 689, 699, 741, Buqi ::f7J1'f (irregularity), 227 Chinese Bureaucracy and science, 96-97 839,840 Bureaucratization, 239, 273 and hydraulic civilization, 97 on ch'onhado, 259 Burgh, Adriaen van der, 391 , 85, 86 cosmography, 727, 728, 733 Burial maps, 75 and Ming land registers, 100 Nean Peak complex, 733 Burial mounds, japanese, 352-53, 356-57, , 84, 85, 86, 177-78, as part of Southeast Asia, 689 579,580-81,602 196-97 temples, 479 Burial sites, 55, 57, 77-80, 216. See also kingdom, 239 on Vietnamese maps Graves of and southern , in Dqi-Nam ban-do, 502-3 Buri Gandak River, 733 85-86 Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 Burleigh, A. Peter, 680-81 in Zhou Ii, 75 in Thien tai nhan dam, 499 Burma japanese, 394-404 Vietnamese route map to, 493, 494 cartography (see Cartography, Burmese) lack of in Southeast Asia, 700 Cambridge, England, 578 cosmography (see Cosmography, Cai ~ (patterns), 132 Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, Burmese) Cai Fangbing ~Jjif'i, 187-88 England, Scott Collection at, 699, diagrams for siting ordination halls, 738, Cai Yong, 212, 525 759-62, 790, 791-95 739 Cakravala (Cakkavala) Cambyses, 639 maps (see Maps, Burmese) in Burmese cosmography, 733, 735, pl.35 , 531 omitted from Bagrow's discussion of cross section through, 717 Cammann, Schuyler, 204, 215 Southeast Asia, 690 explained, 715-16 Campanagara (Campa), 780, 781 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 Gerini's drawing of, 693 Cam-ranh Bay, 491 rock art in, 18 on Southeast Asian cosmographies, 725 Canals surveying, 842 in Trai phum, 716,721-22,727 n.77, on Burmese cadastral maps, 823 temples, 479, 693, 696, 722 n.70 730-31, 738 on Burmese maps of Amarapura, 798, 823 General Index 901

Chinese map of, pl.5 Cartographic signs. See Conventions; Signs, and measurement, 109-10 Chinese uses of, 97 cartographic; Symbols nauticalchart~52-53 hydrological maps of, 101 Cartography. See also Maps objectives of, 30 Japanese, and surveying, 358, 453 Burmese, 697-99 origins of grid system, 124-25 in Le atlas, 484 and border dispute with China, p1.40 and painting, 137, 164, 231 measurements for, 101 cadastral maps, 790-91, 821-23 by Pei Xiu, 110-13 on plan for area near Mandalay, 827 Chinese influence, 689 Pei Xiu's principles of, 355 on Siamese rural map, 795 compared with Thai cartography, 689 periodization, 35 in Thien-nam tu--ehi IQ-do thu-, 490 extent of, 697-99 planimetric hydrologic, 98-99 during Zhou, 98 indigenous, 690 and poetry, 164 Cancer (constellation), 549, 561 influences on, 743,745 preservation of, 230-31 Canglong 1iflg . See Azure Dragon military maps, 697, 698, 756-59 during Qing, 92-93 Cangyuan, cliff painting from, 4, 5, 21 presented in British journals, 690 quantitative tradition, 35, 37-64, Canis Major, 528 route maps, 776-89, 790, 816-19 116-17 Cankama (Conkrem), 778 and scale, 841 reference map for study of, 68 Cannons. See Weapons sources, 690, 692 religious, 64 n.52 Canopus (star), 528, 533, 546, 561, 589 surviving maps from, 839-40 revision of tradition, 65, 67 Canton (), 164, 743 tradition of, 747, 753, 756, 760-61 and ritual and warfare, 72-73 Cao Wanru, 28 Cambodian and scale mapping, 41-43, 46, 56-57 Cao-bang phu toan do (The complete map Bagrow on, 689 's principles of, 114 of the prefecture of Cao-bang), 496 lack of surviving maps, 689, 699, 741, standardization of, 87, 126 Cao-bang Province, 483, 487-88 839,840 and text, 48, 50-52, 109-10, 113-17, Cape of Good Hope, 251,405, 689, 828 Chinese 126 Capitals aesthetic, religious, and political and , 54-55, 128, 139-47 on Burmese map of country north from influences, 228 and water conservancy, 101-4 Ava, 748 and art history, 168 n.87 East Asian on Dili tu, 87 and astrology, 191 European influence on, 30-31 geomancy and selection of, 277, 278 and astronomy, 53, 56 future needs, 848-49 Japanese plans for, 399-400, 422 authenticity, 166 historiography of, 27-28 Japanese surveying for, 453 and calligraphy, 137, 231 influence of Islamic cartography on, 843 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 cliff paintings, 4, 5 and physical and metaphysical world, Southeast Asian siting of, 739-40 combining fact and value in, 164-68 846-47 scope of, 23-24 in Sungnam, 294, 295 conception of, 124 and text, 29-31, 845-46 Capricorn, 533, 539, 549, 561 conflict with Jesuit mapmaking, 184-85 connected with political culture, 71-72 typology, 847-48 Cardim, Antonio Francisco, 388-89 decline of pictorialism in, 51 European Cardinal directions deficiencies of, 107-8 aesthetic, religious, and political in Bon drawing, 624 development of scale, 47-48 influences, 228 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 in early China, 54-55 compared with Asian cartography, in , 716 and engineering, 96 n.1 844-45 on Bugi nautical charts, 834 European influence on, 30, 106, 107, early assimilation of in Japan, 376-94 on Burmese cadastral maps, 791 128,152,153,170-202 and East Asian cartography, 30-31 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 and evidentiary scholarship, 104-8 Gyoki-type maps as source for, 370-71 on ceiling of Tang tomb, 537 functions of, 28-29, 55-56 influence on Chinese cartography, 30, in Chinese urban planning, 210 grids in (see Grids, in Chinese 96, 106, 107, 128, 152, 153, on city plan for Mandalay, 800 cartography) 170-202 in Indian cosmology, 714 in Han political culture, 74-80 influence on Japanese cartography, on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829 influence of geomancy on, 221-22 30-31,229-30,347,429,454-55, on maps in Scott Collection, 761 influence of pl.29 in Mount Sumeru system, 723 on Burmese cartography, 689, 745 introduced to China, 170-77 on Paro mural, 622 on Japanese cartography, 346, and Qing mapping, 177-86 in Roruva hell, 729 354-55, 358, 370 n.99, 579 Filipino, 692, 839 in Shang architecture, 204 on Korean cartography, 235, 344 Islamic, 843 on star map in Takamatsuzuka, 580-81 on other cultures, 228-30 Japanese, 346-475 in Thai cosmography, 727 on Thai cartography, 689, 742-43 ancient and medieval, 352-76 in Tibetan astrological table, 633 on Vietnamese cartography, 479, archaeological evidence of, 352-53 in Trai phum, 732 490,506,507 Buddhist influence on, 843 Cardinal points, 728 n.83, 729, 740, 753 inscape, 164-65 Buddhist world maps, 371-76, 455, 460 Carlleyle, Archibald, 17 Jesuit attempts to Westernize, 228 cadastral maps, 394-404 Carpenter's square, 98 lack of uniform practices of celestial, 579-603 Carriage, Japanese star charts in, 579, pl.32 representation, 180 Chinese influence on, 229-30, 346, Carta partieolare della grande isola lack of vocabulary for, 230 354-55, 358, 370 n.99, 579 detGiapone (Robert Dudley), 389 and literary works, 106, 164 development of printed map trade, n.165 and mathematics, 108 404-32 902 General Index

Cartography, Japanese (cont.) before fifteenth century, 237-43 lack of early evidence of, 693 and "Dutch learning," 432-43 Buddhist maps based on Chinese lack of European influence, 689 European influence on, 30-31, 229-30, originals, 230 lack of grids in, 841 347, 376-94,429,454-55, pl.29 in Buddhist tradition, 254-56 lack of surviving pre-sixteenth century, Gy6ki-type maps, 346, 347, 349, Chinese influence on, 229-30, 235, 344 689 366-71,411,454,458-59,461 in Chong Ch'ok style, 291-93, 297 nature of, 693-700, 839-40 historiography and major collections, in ch'onhado tradition, 256-67 of physical and metaphysical world, 350-52 during Choson period, 343-44 846-47 itineraries, 422-26 classification of, 291 physical attributes of maps, 840-41 J6toku-type maps, 347, 386-90, 454, concern for accuracy, 298 reference map for study of, 691 461,462 cultural, 297 surviving corpus, 700 Keich6-type maps, 461, 462 defense maps, 236, 337-43 and text, 845-46 kokugunzu maps, 346, 349 district maps, 329-34 typology, 847-48 literary evidence for, 353-55 and espionage, 241 Thai map collections, 351-52 European influence on, 30,249,344 Bagrow on, 689 maps of fictional places, 430-32 foundations, 273-88 Chinese influence, 689 maps of Japan, 410-16 geographical studies, 273-75 indigenous, 690 maps of manors, shrines, and temples, geomancy, 276-79 lack of European influence on, 698 362-66 historical and social setting, 343-44 sources, 692 maps of paddy fields, 359-61, 456-57 influence of {eng shui on, 221 surviving maps, 698-99, 839-40 maps of world and of China, 426-29, influence of Islamic cartography on, 843 430 Tibetan, 607-85 influence of Shanhai jing on, 843 maps on personal objects, 455 canons of, 615-17 Japan in, 244,247-49,256-59, Nanban world maps, 347, 377-80, 387 conventions of, 617 n.42, 671-72 267-73,284,289 classification of, 461-63 development and nature of, 612-15 Jesuits and diplomacy, 298-305 influence on European maps, 405 European influence on, 673 Kim Chongho and, 313-29 influence on Japanese globe, 391 folk, 617-19 lack of Western influence, 298 Western influence on, 406, 454 geographic maps, 612 local, regional, and defense maps, nautical charts, 347, 381-86 Indian influence on, 612-13 lack of tradition, 455 329-43 locality maps, 676-81 list and genealogy of, 463-67 maps listed by Yang Songji, 288-89, and religion, 670 in Nanban style, 461 345 route maps, 612 from surveys commissioned by maps of China and Japan, 267-73 world maps, 612 maps of Seoul and P'yongyang, 334-37 , 401-2 Vietnamese, 30, 478-508, 840 and mensuration, 279-88 of northern frontier and coastlines, Chinese influence on, 479, 490, 506 military maps, 337-43 443-53 difficulties in assessing, 478-79 Naikaku map, 282, 283-84 popular maps in separate sheets, European influence on, 500-502, 503, neo-Confucianism and, 297 410-32 505,506 provincial maps, 236, 329 problems of access, 351 indigenous, 690 provincial maps and town plans, 346, and religion, 294, 295, 296 Cartouches, 845 396-400,416-22,472-77 and security concerns, 289, 292-93, on Burmese military maps, 754 reference map, 348 294,295,303 on ch'onhado, 259 Russian influence on, 435-36, 437-39 shape of Korea in, 288-329 on Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto, pl.18 Ryusen-type maps, 412-13 in style of Chong Sanggi, 291, 299, and security, 439-40 305-13 in Da Ming yitong zhi, 294 Sh6h6 castle plans, 382, 399-400, 401 in style of Sungnam, 293-98 on Kangnido, pl.17 size of maps, 349-50 survival of, 235, 343-44 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 state and, 394-404 terrestrial globes, 249-54 on map of Pakokku District of Burma, sugoroku maps, 426, 427 world maps and East Asia regional 815 surveying, 346, 347, 356-59, 385, maps, 243-73 on map of Seoul in Ch?Jnggudo, 316 393-94,395,396,402,404,421, Laotian, 789, 839, 840 on maps of Amarapura, 823 423-24,439,443-53 Malaysian, 692, 741, 840 on mural of Wutai Shan, 152 terrestrial globes, 390-92,429, 437, Mongolian, 673, 682-85 on Naikaku map, 282, 291-92 466-71 prehistoric, 1-22 on regional map from Borneo, 775, 776 traditions, 346-52 Southeast Asian, 839-42 on Sino-Tibetan map, 263 uses of, 346, 352, 453, 454 architecture and, 693-96 in Sungnam, 294, 295 vocabulary, scale, orientation, and cartographic attributes of maps, 841-42 in Tongguk chido, 309 n.220 materials, 349-50 compared with European cartography, on YongHo nam yonhae hyongp'yondo, world maps, 347,426-29,454 844-45 342 commissioned by shogunate, 438-39 difficulties in assessing, 699-700 Caspian Sea, 198-99, 644, 646 derived from Ricci, 404-10 future needs of, 842, 848-49 Cassiopeia, 538, 548, 554 from Valcks' globe, 433, 434-35 influence of Chinese cartography on, Casswell, Jesse, 698 n.37 Javanese, 697, 741 229-30 Castles, 395, 399-400,401,404,417 Jesuit (see Jesuits; Ricci, Matteo) influence of Islamic cartography on, 843 Catholicism, 254, 314. See also ; Korean, 235-345 lack of atlases, 842 Jesuits General Index 903

Caturarupya Brahmaloka (Fourfold Korean influence on, 584-88 Tang imperial observatory at, 533 Formless World of Brahmas), 718 in period, 599 on Tibetan locality map, 676-77 Caturmaharajakayika (Catummaharajika) by Nagakubo Sekisui, 593-94, 595, Chang'an zhi ~3(~ (Gazetteer of (Four Great Kings), 716, 718 596-97 Chang'an) (Song Minqiu), 105 Cau (bridges), 484 and Shibukawa Harumi, 588-92, Changbaishan, 298 Caucasus, prehistoric rock art in, 18 592-93 Changjiang. See River Cave of the Thousand Buddhas, Dunhuang, showing Western constellations, Changjiang tu ~¥IIi1 (Map of the Yangtze 55,57,152,549 599-600,600-601,603 River), pl.2 Cave paintings, 549, 693 in Takamatsuzuka burial mound, Changjiang tushuo (Illustrated account of Celebes. See Sulawesi 352-53 the Yangtze) (Ma Zhenglin), 103 Celestial globes Korean, 555-68 Changjiang wanli tu ~1I~mliJ(Ten Chinese Chinese influence on, 512, 555-56, thousand Ii map of the Changjiang) brought from Persia to China, 551 557-58 (Juran), 160, 162-63, 165 described in Song shi, 541 copies of Chinese , 578 Changjin, 276,306,308 by Guo Shoujing, 550-51, 578 influence on Japanese celestial mapping, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, stone astral at , 531 584-88 chart from, 552, 554 for King Sejong, 568 Jesuits and, 568-78 Ch'angsong, 313 by Lu Ji, 530 during Koryo, 558-59 Changsu, 318 at , 574, 577 observatories, 557, 560, 568 Chan River, 72 by Qian Luozhi, 530-31, 532 reproduction of Han astral chart, 524, Chants, 709 by student at Song bureau of 525 Chao Phraya River, 496, 498. See also Mae astronomy, 541 use of color on globes,S30 Nam River by Su Song, 541, 585 n.18 during Yi (Choson), 559-68 Chaoshi congzai (Collected notes for going by Yixing, 533 prehistoric Asian, 1, 8-12 to market) (Yang Jingting), 188 by , 522 schemes of, 511 theory, 227 n.121 European, 390-91,433 Southeast Asian, lack of, 700 Chaoxian. See Seoul Japanese, 581, 591, 595 n.42 Vietnamese, 504 "Chaoxian tu" ~J3~1i1 (Map of Choson) (in Jesuit, 569, 574, 575, 578 Celestial palaces, 519-20, 524, 528, 529, Guang yutu), 241, 242 Korean, 568 537, 541. See also names of Characters, Chinese, 404-5, 441, 463 Celestial mapping. See also Astronomy celestial palaces Chartes, 27 Chinese, 511-55, 568-78 Celestial pole, 573 Charts beginnings of, 513-15 Celestial pools, 217 nautical (see Nautical charts) on ceiling of Northern Wei tomb, 531, Cense, A. A., 834 showing arrangement for sacrifices, 81, 82 p1.31 Censers, 131 Suzhou astronomical, 124 in Confucian temple in Suzhou, 86, 87 Central Asia, 15, 644, 645, 646-48. See also Chavanne~Edouard,27,37,86 cosmographical diagram, 209 Asia Chayon Island, 325 diagram, 11 Ceram Island, 830, 834 Che Honggyu, 303 European influence on, 578 Ceringwangduyibabudorli Banner, Setsen "Chech'on, Ch'ongp'ung, Tanyang" mJ 1111 independent developments in, 512 Khan District, 685 JOO.ft~ (Map of Chech'on, influence on Japanese celestial mapping, Cha ~(anomaly), 227 Ch'ongp'ung, and Tanyang) (from 579,580,584-88,602-3 Cha-ban, 497 Haedong yojido), 320 influence on Korean celestial mapping, Chafang shi ~IDJft (investigation Chedis (), 777, 785 555-56,557-58 commissioner), 87 Cheju Island, 273, 288, 303, 309, 326 Jesuits and, 568-78 Chagdarsurung, Ts., 685 Cheju Samupto (Map of the three districts of during Jin, 530 Chalk, maps in, 766, 789, 790, 817, 819, Cheju Island) (Yang Songji), 345 in political culture, 88-89 827,841 Chemulp'o (Old Chemul Crossing), 324 during Qin and Han, 520-29 Champa, 483-84,490, 496, 737 Chen Di ~*~ ,114 n.62 during Song and contemporary Champu Dipa. See Jambudvipa Chen Menglei, Jiang Tingxi, et aI., 183-84, dynasties, 540-49 Chamra (purging or editing), 698-99, 763, 204 n.6, 213, 220, 310 n.223 during Tang, 533-40 839-40 Chen Shengzhi ~*7t~ (Chen Xiugong), 83 from to Sui, 529-33 Chan (Son or ) Buddhism, 277-78 Chen Shuozhen ~*iiJi~, 88 in tombs, 80 Chang Y: (unit of measurement), 285 Chen Xiang, 91-92 during Yuan and Ming, 549-55 Chang, Kuei-sheng, 51 Chen Yuanjing ~*5Etm, 584-85 in Zhanguo period, 518-20 Chang Yong, 78 Chen Zhuo ~*~ Japanese, 579-603 Chang'an (Xi'an), China Bu zan, 581-82 aboriginal, 601-2 astronomy and city walls, 524 on celestial and terrestrial fields, 210 in antiquity and Middle Ages, 579-83 and classical Chinese city plan, 211 relates constellations to bureaucracy, 590 Chinese influence on, 579, 580, 584-88, Han capital at, 131-32 star map by, 518, 529-30, 532, 541 n.179 602-3 map of, 140 Cheng Boer et aI., 175, 177, 178-79,408, before Edo period, 579-83 as model for Heij6, 359 409 in Edo period,S84-600 as model for Japanese cities, 210 Chengxiang Z1Sf§ (counselor-in-chief), 77 European influence on, 598 as model for Nara, 346 Chengzu JI3GW!I3., emperor, 57 hoshi mandaras, 600, 602 mural painting of, 670 Chests, Chinese, lunar lodges on, 519-20, Jesuit influence on, 594-97 Tang map of, 106, 107 578 904 General Index

Chetiya, 695 cosmography, 203-28 (see also Chinhae, 342 Chi R (feet), 36, 97, 143,285, 312 Cosmography, Chinese) Chinhan peoples, 238 Chiang Mai (Zaenmae), Thailand, 756 cosmology, 97, 110, 118-19, 120, 121 Chinsan jJi-U (protective mountain), 296 on Burmese maps, 747, 796-97, 816-17, cultural relations with Korea, 240-41 Chin tribes, 747 818-19,826-27 definition of technical fields, 96 n.2 Chion'in Temple, , 374,460 geographic maps centered on, 749-50, demographics, 71 Chip'yong t~ZJS (terrestrial ), 252 751 design of cities, 10 Ch'ip'yongdo mZJSlIJ (Map of order and temple at, 696 economy, 96 peace), 279 n.126 Chiang Rai, Thailand, 696, 756, 783 geopolitical structure of, 334 Chiri chi nae p'alto chugundo t1B~~pqJ\ Chiara, Giuseppe, 391 on Gotenjiku maps, 256 ~1i'IWIi1 (Maps of the districts of Chidao $i1[ (Red Road), 529 n.114 government interest in measurement, the Eight Provinces from Chiri chi) "Chidao liang zong xingtu" $i1[~~£li1 96-101 (Yang Songji), 329, 345 (Two general maps of the visible Gyoki-type maps in, 370 Chishima. See Kurile Islands stars relative to the equator), 569, history, 25, 86 Chi Shui. See Red River 570,571 influence of Chisim :t1B{J' (earth heart), 253 Chido t~lIJ(map), 279 on East Asia, 23 Chizu ttBlIJ (land map), 349 Chido p'yo t~liI~ (Map symbols) (from on japanese shipbuilding, 381 n.143 Chizu sessei benran t1BlII~~{j!. (Index to Taedong yojido), 326 on Koryo, 240 the distribution of map sheets), Chidori shiki T,~~ (zigzag or shuttle on reform of japanese calendar, 433 451,453 n.375 numbering),360 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 Ch6 BfJ (unit of measurement), 359,360, Chido sik t~lIJ~ (demonstration map), on Thai painting, 722 384 n.154 321,322 on Tibetan architecture, 613 Ch'oe Hang et aI., 285, 295 Chigu t~ij{ (globe), 252 on Tibetan geomancy, 614 Ch'oe Han'gi ~¥l~ Chigu chonhudo tiliij{lW~&lIJ (Map of the on Vietnam, 481, 497 Chigu chonhudo, 254,314 front and back [hemispheres] of the japanese defeat of, 344 and Kim Chongho, 314, 322 globe) (Ch'oe Han'gi), 254,314 japanese maps of, 426-29, 430 and mapping project of 1791, 344 Chikto @Ii1[ (straight lines), 311 in jesuit atlas, 104 preface to Ch'onggudo, 314, 318, 320, Chikyu bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu in Kangnido, 244, 248, 264, 284 344 t~ij{~~i-U~J!t~~III~(Map on Korean maps, 235, 267-73,297 Ch'oe Sokchong ~mJffi, 250, 254 with an account of all the lack of transfer of cartographic skills to Ch'oe Yuch'ong ~'lt.m, 278 n.123 countries, lands, and seas in the Southeast Asia, 693 Ch'ok R (unit of measurement), 285, 287, world) in Le atlas, 483-84 342 by Nagakubo Sekisui, 410 Manchus' conquest of, 298 Chokpuri Hill, Lhasa, 676-77 by Yamazaki Yoshinari, 410 n.256, 428 on map depicting monks encircling Potala Cholgi mJ*t (solar seasons), 310 Chikyu ichiranzu t~f~-.lIJ (Map of the palace, 667, 668 Cholla Province, 292, 309, 340-41 world) (Nakane Genran [Mihashi on map of Asia from Trai phum, p1.36 Ch'ollyong (Iron Pass), 241, 243 Chokaku]),409-10 on map sent to king of Portugal, 689 Ch'olsan, 313 Chikyu zenzu ryakusetsu t~ij{~lI1~~ maps (see Maps, Chinese) Ch'omsongdae WR£B: (Star Observing (Brief explanation of the world nautical charts (see Nautical charts) Tower), 239, 557, 560 map) (Shiba Kokan), 435 n.326 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 Ch'on -t() (unit of measurement), 285, Chikyu zu t~ij{lI1 (Map of the terrestrial opens Tibet to foreign tourists, 656 n.157 286 n.147 globe) (Shiba Kokan), 435, 436, pottery, 129, 130 Chon Sang'un. See jeon, Sang-woon 437 prehistoric rock art from, 3, 18 Chondo ~lIJ (complete map), 279 Chimre monastery, 615 preservation of documents, 74 Chong Ch'ok ~~~ China. See also East Asia Qin burning of , 515 n.26 compiles defense maps, 337 astrology (see Astrology, Chinese) reception of Ricci, 174-75 conducts 1436 survey, 279-80, 283 astronomy (see Astronomy, Chinese) Ricci's maps in, 404-5, 409 helps prepare map of Seoul, 280-83 atlases (see Atlases, Chinese) surveying (see Surveying, Chinese) maps by, 236,283,288, 340,345 Beijing occupied by British and French on Thai map of Asia, 742, 743 maps in style of, 291-93, 297, pl.18 troops, 323 Tibetan Buddhism in, 607 p'altodo, 283 n.134, 345 on Buddhist maps of jambiidvipa, 173, trade with japan, 376 social status of, 343 174, 175 treatment of Tibetan cultural legacy, Tongguk chido, 282, 283-84, 291 on Buddhist world maps, 429 611-12 Yanggye taedo sodo, 283 n.134, 345 on Burmese map of kingdom of Ava, 747 as tripartite dragon system, 220, 221 Chong Ch'olcho ~~ffr'F , 320 calendars (see Calendars, Chinese) Vietnamese map of embassy to, pl.30 Chong Hangnyong ~t?Iiti , 305, 307 cartography (see Cartography, Chinese) on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 Chong Inji et aI., 274, 289 celestial globes, 574, 577 view of science in, 28 Chong Sanggi If)#till , 277 celestial mapping, 511-55, 568-78 (see Western zodiac introduced into, 533 copying of maps by, 307 also Celestial mapping, Chinese) in Yogyedo, 337, 338-39, 340 development of cartographic technique by, in ch'onhado, 256, 258, 259 on Yoji chondo, 249 236 Christianity in, 83-85, 170 zodiac, and Mongolian cartography, 685 maps by, 321,332, 340 coast of on scroll map, pl.4 Zou Yan's conception of, 204 n.5 maps in style of, 291, 297, 299, 305-13, conception of space, 144-45 Chindong, shapes-and-forces maps of, 279 329 conceptions of center of world, 173-74 Chindwin River, 747, 753, 754 p'alto chido, 307, 309 n.222 General Index 905

possible Jesuit influence on, 310 n.223 Ch'onha kogum taech'ong pyollamdo xT Chungbo Munhon pigo (Documentary and scale-, 307 t14*1J~1J!.1i1(Comprehensive reference encyclopedia, expanded social status of, 343 and synoptic map of the ancient and supplemented), 274-75, 288, specializes in military studies, 324 and modern world) (Kim Suhong), 305,321,560,568 Tongguk chido, 307-9, 319 n.240 267-68 Ch'ungch'ong Province, 292, 296-97, 309 Tongguk tae chido, 307 Ch'onji (Pond of ), 278, 281, 288, "Ch'ungch'ong to" fr!;',mm (Ch'ungch'ong use of scale, 236, 284 301,302,331 Province) (in Sungnam), 296-97 Chong Tuwon ~4~, 249, 575 Chonju, 311, 312, 334,335 "Chunggukto" g:t~1i1 (Map of China), 269 Chong Wollim ~JC~, 307 n.213 Ch'onsang yolch'a punyajido x~~U~7t!f Chungmo mf~ (to increase or double the Chong Yagyong T::s:M, 298 n.189 zlil (Chart of the constellations size of the model or form), 284 Ch'ongch'on River (Sal River), 241, 243 and the regions they govern) (King Ch'ungmu (T'ongyong), 342 n.18 T'aejo's planisphere), 560-63, Chungsa q:tiFrE (class 2 sacrifices), 295 Ch'onggudo (Map of the Blue Hills [Korea]) 585-86,587,588,589 Chungson **' (center line), 311 (KimChongho),314-28 Ch'orong .~ (Iron Jar fortress), 280, Chii-nom (Vietnamese script), 24 Chido sik in, 321, 322 342-43,pI.21 Chunqiu ~fx (Spring and autumn [annals]), Ch'oe Han'gi's preface to, 314, 318, 320, Ch'orongsong chando .~~~1iI 515,516 344 (Complete map of Iron Jar Chunqiu Guliang zhuan (Spring and autumn coastlines on, 320 fortress), pl.21 [annals] with the Guliang data used to compile, 322 Chortens (stupas), 615-16, 652 commentary), 206 n.ll Inch'on and Kanghwa Island in, 324 Choryegi ch'ok ~m;~R(ritual implement Chunqiu period, 71, 129, 515-18 lack of printed edition of, 323 foot),286 Chunyou tianwen tu rf{1i7"(xlil of Korea on, 321 Ch'osan, 313 (Astronomical chart of the maps of Seoul area, 316, 317 Chosenkoku ezu ~J3jf~k:t1lJ (Map of Chunyou reign period), 545 n.185 "Ponjo p'alto chuhyondo ch'ongmok," Korea) (Naikaku map), 282, Chuyuki (Diary of the Nakamikado) 315 283-84,291-92,297 (Nakatsukasa Munetada), 580-81 text on, 327 Chosen nichinichi ki (Record of days in Chuzhu fu, map of, 156 Chongjo IEfflfi, King, 335 Korea) (Keinen), 292 n.173 Chwahae yodo ti:ml~1IJ (Terrestrial map of and calendar, 310 Choson. See Seoul [the country in] the Left [Eastern] mapping project of 1791, 329 Choson dynasty. See also Yi dynasty Sea [Korea]), 307 n.216, 312 n.231 mathematicians of, 344 cartography during, 343-44 Ci -:(;( (Jupiter stations), 515, 516, 537, 552, orders surveys of districts, 318, 319 changes in local administration, 274 576, 583. See also Ji; Jupiter research library assembled by, 237 conceptions of shape of Korea, 295-96 stations Chongju, 313, 329-30 n.249 geomancy during, 278 Ciancimino, Jean-Claude, 657 n.159, 727 Chongno,336 map of Korea during, 239 n.80 Chongzhen (era), 267, 268 military maps during, 337 Ciela, 766, 767, 768, pl.38 Chongzhen lishu *ff~M~ (Calendar P'yongyang during, 337 Cikhidi, Sri, 649-50 treatise of the Chongzhen reign Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto ~J3jfmJ\~*!t Cikuray volcano, 767, 768, 769, pl.38 period),569 illil (Consolidated map of the Circles Ch'onha 7"(T (all under heaven), 258, 267, Eight Provinces of Choson), 292, in Burmese cosmography, 725 297 pl.18 on Chinese star maps, 525 Ch'onha chegukto 7"(T~mlll (Map of the Choson wangjo sillok (Royal annals of concentric, 561, 587 n.21, 598, 599 countries of the world), 257, 259 Choson), 559-60 coordinate, 561 n.71 Chotei bankoku zenzu m~T~I@~liiI in Japanese celestial mapping, 602, 603 Ch'onha chido 7"(T!~liI (map of all under (Repeatedly revised map of all the and Pei Xiu's sixth principle of heaven), 260 countries) (Yamaji Akitsune and mapmaking, 111 Ch'onha ch'ongdo 7"(T~1il (general map of Shibata Shuzo), 440, 442 in Tibetan cartography, 672 all under heaven), 260 Chousheng bilan .fm~'. (Essential used by Kim Chongho to produce maps, in British Library, 257, 259 n.71 reading in preparation for victory) 321,322 Ch'onhado xTIIJ (map of all under (Xian Kejin), 337, 340 Circles of constant invisibility heaven), 256-67, 289 n.166, 291 Christianity. See also Catholicism; Jesuits on first printed Japanese celestial map, at British Library, 257, 259 n.71 in China, 83-85, 170 587 n.21 compared with Korean maps of China, in Japan, 376-77,433 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, 268-69 in Southeast Asia, 689 573 cosmography and, 235, 248, 343 and Southeast Asian cosmography, 701 on Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 dating of, 259 Chu (region), 164 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), format of, 248, 328 Chua (lord), 483 561 with graticule, 258 Chuch'ok mJR (Zhou [dynasty] foot), 285, on map from Tenbun era, 583 and Kangnido, 249, 265-66 286,287,288 on Ming planispheres, 552 at National Central Library, Seoul, pl.16 "Chugoku zenzu" g:t1@~1II (Complete map on Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 popularity of, 255, 294 of China), 264 on Su Song star map of Southern provincial maps in albums of, 329 Chujo Sumitomo g:t{~~~, 468-69 Hemisphere, 546 sources for, 263-64 Ch'unch'ugwan ~fxm (office of history), on Tenmon seisho zu, 590 sources of place-names on, 260-62 279 on Tenmonzu byobu, 590 structure of, 259 Ch'ung Jf:f (ranks), 316 on Ten no zu, 583 906 General Index

Circles of constant invisibility (cant.) Yokohama, 421-22 on Keicho map, 385 in Tensho kanki sha, 594 in collection, 351 n.17 on Kim Chongho's maps, 320, 321 on Tensho sasei no zu, 598 from Koguryo kingdom, 238 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 on star map, 540 lack of in Southeast Asia, 700 in Lidai dili zhizhang tu, 168, 169 Circles of constant visibility for Mandalay, 798-802, 824-25, 826-27 on map of China in Da Ming yitong zhi, on first printed Japanese celestial map, Tibetan, 613, 661-70 58 587 n.21 Vietnamese, 484, 486 on Naikaku map, 282, 292 on Honch?jn chando, 576 Civitates orbis terrarum ( and on Nanban world map, 380 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, ), 377 on Royaume de Coree, 300 573 Clay on Shinkai Nihon aezu, 411 on Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 globe made from, 468-69 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 on ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 models made from in tombs, 78, 81 on Taedong yojido, 324, 325 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Clement XIV, Pope, 569 on Thien-nam tu--chi If)-do thu- ddn, 504 563 Cliff carvings, 726, 727 on Tien-Le Nam- Vi~t ban-do ma-ban, on map from Tenbun era, 583 Cliff paintings, 4, 5 506 on Ming planispheres, 552, 554 Climate on Tokugawa survey maps, 397 on Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang chi, 505-6 on YongHo nam yanhae hyongp'yondo, on Su Song star map of Northern Tibetan, and map preservation, 610 341,342 Hemisphere, 545 Climatic maps, 51 Cobo, Fray Juan, 390 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547 Climatic zones, 241-42 Cochin China, 747, 786-88 on Tenmon seisha zu, 590 Clocks Cocks, 626 on Ten no zu, 583, 586 on heiten gi, 592 Co-loa, 484 in Tensha kanki sha, 594 San'gi okhyong as, 251 Colors on Tensho sasei no zu, 598 ware~533,541,581 on administrative map of Java, pl.39 on Wuyue star map, 540 Cloth. See also Map media on Batak diagrams, 712 Circumpolar boundaries, 561 Burmese maps on, 752, 755, 793 on Bugi nautical charts, 833, 834 Cities. See also Settlements; Towns celestial globe made from, 568 on Burmese maps on Burmese map of kingdom of Ava, 745, map of Timbangantan on, 766, 767 of Amarapura, 798 747 Ming star map on, 552,553 of area around Gulf of Martaban, 809 Chinese design of, 10,210-13 Southeast Asian cosmographies on, 840 and Chinese geomancy, 216, 221-22 of area around , 813 Tibetan astrological tables on, 632 of area around Tenasserim coast, 813 on Chinese provincial maps, 180 Tibetan maps on, 650, 657, 662, 664, in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang chi, 505-6 of area east of Mandalay, 813 669, pl.34 of Ayutthaya, 798 eclipses used to check distances between, Clouds 185 cadastral maps, 790-91 on Burmese map of Amarapura, 798, 823 in Guang yutu, 51 comographic , 732 in late Zhou art, 148 on "Guangyu zongtu" and "Yudi cosmography, 736 on map drawn by Sherpa, 617 zongtu," 188 of invasion of Manipur, pl.37 on Mawangdui maps, 51 Han planning of, 131-32 of ]ambiidvlpa, 735 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, huidianguan conventions for, 200 of Kang Hung, 794 664 on Lady Zhao's map, 142 of Kyauk Ye District, 815 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 705 on map of Guangdong Province, 190 of "Maing Tsait and Maing Pone," 811 on painting of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, on maps in gazetteers, 153 of Manipur, India, 811 523 on maps used as sources for yudi tu, 77 of Meiktila, 792 in Tibetan paintings, 616, 648 plans of drawn with straightedge, 143 military, 754, 755, 758, 759 Qing criticism of plans, 224 n.97 on Tibetan route map from Lhasa to Assam, 661 of Nam Mao River, 794 on Thai map of Asia, 742 painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 walled, 41 on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 Clove Islands, 828 of Pakokku District, 815 on Wanli haifang tu, 64 of part of Burma, 815 in Yinghuan zhiliie, 108 Coastal maps, 50, 62, 64, 341, 342 route maps, 786, 787, 789, 790, 817, City plans Coastlines 819 Burmese, 839 on Bugi nautical charts, 833 rural maps, 821, 823 and Chinese cosmography, 204 on Dqi-Man quae-do, 496 in Scott Collection, 760, 761, 762 Japanese, 416-22, 472-77 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang chi, 506 Edo,349,400,402,420,421,472-73 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang du--do, 505 Shan map of border dispute between Hakodate, 421-22 in Dqi-Nam quae cu-ang-gi&i v~-bien [or Burma and China, pl.40 Kamakura, 421 vung-bien], 506 of Shan territories, 756 Kyoto, 400-401,403, 416, 419,420, on Dai-Nam toan-do, 503 of Toungoo and Yamethin Districts, 421,473-74 in Da Ming yitong zhi, 293,294 815 Nagasaki, 421, 475-76 in eighteenth-century Korean maps, 236 urban maps, 823, 825, 827 Nara, 421, 476 on Gyoki-type maps, 369 on Chinese celestial globes, 530 Osaka, 349,400-401,417,418, Japanese maps of, 443-53 on Chinese maps 420-21,474-75 on Japanese nautical charts, 382, 385, 402 coastal map, pl.4 , 477 on Japanese survey maps, 395 Dunhuang star maps, 537,578 Shimoda, 421-22 on Jotoku-type maps, 386, 387 Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.1 General Index 907

Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Haedong cheguk ki, 271 Japanese, 347, 381 n.141, 394 572 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 245, in Jesuit surveying, 181 Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 598 289 in jiehua, 142 Mawangdui maps, 40-41 Sin'an chido, 333 magnetic, 587 Mawangdui silk gauze, 149 star charts on silk screen, 567 in Shi ji, 98 Ming star map from Longfu Temple, Taedong yojido, 328 Song use of, 115 552,553 Tongguk chido, 309 in wayfinding, 110 n.45 painting of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, Tong'yo ch'ongdo, 306 Compass points, 465-66, 506, 711 523 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829 Compass roses prefectural map from eighteenth-century on map on batik shawl, 770, 771 on Bugi nautical charts, 834 atlas, 153 on maps within memorials, 102 on Burmese map of coast of Burma, 807 Qing map of Wutai Shan, pl.14 in Mongolian cartography, 685 on city plan of Edo, 402 star chart mentioned in Xuan xiang shi, on Nepali map of Central Asia, 644, 645, on Japanese nautical charts, 382, 385 532 646-47,648 in Mongolian cartography, 685 star map in Liao tomb, 549 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, on regional map from Borneo, 775, 776 star map in Northern Wei tomb, 531, 649,650 Compendium Catholicae veritatis (Pedro pl.31 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 706 Gomez),393 Su Song's star maps, 544 on Paro mural, 622 Conformal itinerary maps, Japanese, 424, Yochi zu, 370 n.98 on pilgrimage map of Vale of Kathmandu, 426 "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 657 Confucianism, 24, 205,432-33,481, 563 on Chinese mortuary pottery, 12, 13 on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 Confucius, 263. See also Lun yu on cosmological motifs of ships, 13 on regional map from Borneo, 774, 776 and Chunqiu, 515 on first printed Japanese celestial map, on Shibukawa Harumi's terres~rial globe, on restoring harmony in China, 71 587 n.21 pl.24 reverence for documents, 74 on Japanese celestial globe at Doshisha on Siamese rural map, 795 Conical projections, 197, 200 University, 591 on Southeast Asian maps, 725, 841 Consiglio Nazionale di Ricerche, Bologna, on Japanese maps, 349-50 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 572,573 celestial map from Tenbun era, 583 on Thai map of Asia, 742 Constellations. See also Asterisms; Stars; and n.14 on Tibetan maps, 672 names ofconstellations celestial map on scroll, 596-97 divination diagrams, 634 in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 city plan of Edo, 402 of Drepung monastery, 668 Buginese perceptions of, 713, 714 city plans, 421 by elderly artist from Ding-ri Gang-gar, Chinese "Dainihonkoku zu," 368 617 adopted by , 558 Dai yochi kyugi, 392 in Harrer Collection, 653, 675 on celestial globe at Nanjing, 577 docho,364 mandalas, 615 at Chang'an, 524 Gyoki-type map owned by paintings, 616-17 on Chen Zhuo's star map, 529 Temple, 367 of Svayambhunath , 662 on Dunhuang star map, 534-35, 536, Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 of Tashilunpo, 668 n.176 537 Naikaku map, 282, 291-92 in Wise Collection, 652 Guo Shoujing's sectional maps of, 551 Nanban world maps, 378,379 in Trai phum, 721, 726 on Han astral charts, 521 nautical charts, 382 on Vietnamese maps on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, from Ryukyu Islands, 603 Giao-chau du--d!a do, 499-500 573 Seizu hoten ka, 598 itinerary maps, 495, 496 on ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 of , 398 used by the French, 507 in ]in shu, 518 Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 Columbia University, New York, 294 n.180 knowledge of, 512 bu zan, 582 Comets on lacquer chest, 519-20 shitaji chubun no zu, 363 in , 89, 512 n.11 lists of, 578 Shoho provincial map, pl.25 in Chunqiu, 515 mapping of, 533, 569 n.268 star chart, 352 in Five Dynasties , 539 on maps from Five Dynasties tombs, in Takamatsuzuka, 579 in Han histories, 527 540 Tenmon keito, 590 Jin observations of, 530 on Ming star maps, 552, 554 Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 595 Korean sketches of positions of, 568 in Northern Wei tomb, pl.31 Tenmon zukai, 590 in Koryo sa, 558 omitted from Guo Shoujing's celestial Ten no zu, 586 in Samguk sagi, 557, 558 globe, 550 Tensho kanki sho, 593 on Shang oracle bones, 514 origins of, 513 Tokugawa survey maps, 397 in Tang histories, 533 in painting of Li Bian's tomb, 81 on wall in tomb, 352 in "Wuxing zhi," 210, 527 n.103 pre-Tang lists of, 532 on Javanese map in Bibliotheque Compasses, 298 on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 Nationale, 773-74 bearing ascertained in Korea, 301 in Qin Shihuang's tomb, 520 on Korean maps on eighteenth-century map of Eastern recognition of, 578 Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto, pl.18 Hemisphere, 195-96 in Sancai tuhui, 554-55, 556 copies of King T'aejo's planisphere, 567 eight points of according to Bataks, 711 in Shi ji, 528 copy of Kogler's star map, 578 geomantic, 115, 217 in 5hi jing, 516 grave-site map, 277 given by Thomas Forrest to islanders, 836 on Su Song's celestial globe, 541 908 General Index

Constellations, Chinese (cont.) Continents Converging meridians, 184 on Su Song's star maps, 542-46 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 Cooke, A. G., 753, 754 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547 in Buddhist cosmology, 371 Coordinate circles, 561 Tang catalogs of, 537-38 in Burmese cosmography, 725 Coordinates. See also Latitude; Longitude in Tang tomb, 537 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 celestial, 521, 525, 526, 558, 569, 574 in Tang histories, 533 on Cakravala according to Trai phum, and Chinese mapping, 30 during Western and Eastern Zhou and 716 on city plan for Mandalay, 800 Chunqiu period, 515-18 onch~nhad~259-62,pL16 development of Chinese system of, 170 in Wubei zhi, 555, 557 on "Chugoku zenzu," 264 ecliptic, 569 in Xingjing, 529 in Indian cosmology, 714 in Fangyu shenglue, 177 on Xu Guangqi's smaller maps, 570 on Kangnido compared with ch'onhado, geodetic in Xuan xiang shi, 532 265 Korean use of, 236, 310-13, 344 in Yueling, 519 on Paro mural, 622, 623 not used in Ch'onggudo, 318 japanese, 603 on Punakha mural, 623 for P'yong'an Province, 312-13 aboriginal, 601-2, 603 in "Rebirth," 628 in Taedong chiji, 275 on celestial map on scroll, 596-97 on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 used by Kim Chongho, 344 described on , 582 in Samye monastery, 667 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 185 on globe at Doshisha University, 591 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 723-28 on King Sejong's celestial globe, 568 on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 in Thai cosmography, 727 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), on map from Tenbun era, 583 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 563 on Seizu hoten ka, 598 in Trai phum, 725, 726 lack of on Guo Shoujing's maps, 551 Shibukawa Harumi and, 588-90, in vertically arrayed universe, 719 lack of on Ming Chinese maps, 177 592-93 in Zou Yan's cosmography, 204 n.5 on map from Haedong yojido, 320 on Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 Contracts, 75 n.31 on map from Tongguk chido, 320 in Shi Shi bu zan, 582 Conventions. See also Signs, cartographic; not extant in Chinese astrology, 125 in Takamatsuzuka, 579, 580-81 Symbols point system of, 145 on Tenkyu zu, 599-600, 600-601 for administrative subunits, 189 and well-field system, 206-7 on Tenmon keii mondo wakai sho, 591 in atlas of Francisco Rodrigues, 830 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 186 n.47 in Tenmon keito, 590 on Burmese maps, 745, 747, 748, 749, Copying on Tenmon seisho zu, 589-90 753 instructions for in Ch'onggudo, 318 on Ten no zu, 583 in Chinese cartography, 146 of Kangnido, 248-49 on Tensho hokusei no zu and Tensho on Chinese celestial maps, 595 of maps by Chong Sanggi, 307 nansei no zu, 591 in Ch'onggudo, 318 n.238 methods of, 166-67 on Chong Sanggi-style maps, 309-10 in Tensho kaisei no shin zu, 598 practices of, 230-31 on early Chinese maps, 41 in Tensho kanki sho, 593 using woodblocks, 137 n.49, 166, 174-75 on first printed japanese celestial map, on Tensho retsuji no zu, 589 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 479 587 n.21 on Tensho sosei no zu, 598 Correlations/correspondences in Haedong cheguk ki, 271 on Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu between celestial appearances and on japanese celestial map on scroll, no zu, 583 terrestrial events, 223-24 596-97 jesuits and, 569 between constellations and Chinese on japanese city plans, 421 Korean bureaucracy, 590 on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 early maps of, 556 among heaven, earth, and humanity, 203 on map of Timbanganten, pl.38 on Honch'on chondo, 576 on Miura Baien's celestial maps, 595 between heavens and cities or provinces, on King Sejong's celestial globe, 568 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 89,90,91,94,191,208,218,740 on King T'aejo's planisphere and copies, on painting of holy places in Tibet, pl.34 between lunar path and regions of China, 563,567,568 of plans of Osaka, 417 208 on Korean silk screen,S67 in "Rebirth," 628 and Xie He's principles of painting, 143 in Koryo sa, 559 on Seizu hoten ka, 598 Cosmic boards, 526, 527, 556 observed from Annam, 533 on Shoho provincial map, pl.25 Cosmic mirrors, 118, 121 as seen from Palawan, Philippines, 713, standardization by huidianguan, 200 Cosmography. See also Cosmology 715 on Tenmon keii mondo wakai sho, 591 Buddhist, 714-37 on Shang oracle bones, 514 on Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 595 Cakravala world system, 718 on Thai library cupboard, 733 in Tenmon zukai, 590 connected to Southeast Asian states, in Trai phum, 738 on Tensho hokusei no zu and Tensho 739-40 used to mark calendar, 9 nansei no zu, 591 continents in, 725 used to mark seasons, 19 on Thai map of Asia, 743 influence on Japanese cartography, 843 Western in Tibetan cartography, 615-17, 671-72 mountains in, 726, 727 compared with Chinese asterisms, 548 maps in Harrer Collection, 653, 654 representative artifacts, 717-37 introduced into China, 574 maps in Wise Collection, 652 rivers in, 731 on Japanese celestial maps, 599-600, route map from Lhasa to Assam, 660, Southeast Asian representations of, 693 600-601,603 661 spread of, 723 Consten, Herrmann, 682 n.6 in Tibetan painting, 637, 648 Tibetan, 608-9, 619-38 Containers, cosmographic engravings on, in Tongguk chido, 309 underlying conceptions of, 714-17 706-8 Convergent perspective, 153 views of structure of universe, 719-23 General Index 909

Burmese maps of specific portions of the cosmos, Dafangdeng daji jing *1J~*~*~ ( in Bastian's Ideale Welten, 693 629-32 of the great assembly of Cakkavala compared with Trai phum, and religion, 670 bodhisattvas),533 727 n.77 and Samye monastery, 664, 665, 667 Dag. See Tu caves at Powun-daung, 726, 727 and sand mandala, 610, 611 Dahuang *m (great wasteland), 261, 262 conception of nibbana, 730, 731 types of, 612 Dahuo *-*, 515 conception of vertical cosmos, 717 n.52 Vietnamese, 479-81 Dai jinxian ~J!Jl. See Kogler, Ignatius Lake Anotatta in, 732 Cosmology. See also Cosmography Daibutsu. See Buddhas map of Jambudlpa, 733, 735, 736 in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 Daigaku Ryo (Imperial University), 355, 361 and monarchy, 728 and astronomy, 9-10 "Daigepponkoku no zu" *~*mz[IJ Mount Sumeru system, 723-25, pl.35 Buddhist, 371-76, 455 (Map of Great Geppon) (in Shahi painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 Chinese, 97, 110, 118-19, 120, 121 chiriki), 430-31 and religion, 728 Indian, 714-15 Daijoin Temple, Nara, 363 structure of universe, 719-20 Indonesian, 19 fJqi-Man quac-do (Map of the country of Chinese, 203-28 prehistoric Asian, 12-14 the Great Man [Southern city planning using, 210-13 symbol maps, 14 Barbarians]), 489, 496, 498, 502 countercosmographyand universality of ideas of, 15 Daiminkoku chizu ::*:~~JtHli1 (Map of the anticosmography, 225-27 Great Ming), 248-49. See also on early Chinese pottery, 130 maps on, 654, 655 Kangnido and geomancy, 216-22 Tibetan scroll on, 610 Daimin sei zu ::*:~~1I1 (Map of the geometric and nonary, 204-5, 222 Counties, 51, 180 provinces of Ming China) during Han, 204-5 Countries (S6kaku), 429 influence on Vietnamese cosmography, in Burmese cosmography, 736 Dain (Burmese leagues), 748, 803 481 on Burmese map of kingdom of Ava, 745 f)~i Nam (Great South), 479. See also modifications and criticisms, 222-24 on ch'onhado, 259, pl.16 Vietnam European, Chinese criticism of, 226 in Lidai dili zhizhang tu, 57 maps of, 497, 499-507, 508 Hindu, 619, 714-37 on map of Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, fJqi-Nam ban-do (Maps of f)~i Nam), Japanese Buddhist, 347 809 502-3 Southeast Asian, 700-740 Southeast Asian maps of, 743-76, 810-15 fJai- Nam nhat-thang chi (Record of the abundance of, 700 on Zhu Siben's ¥utu, 126 · unity of f)~i Nam), 505-6 in architecture, 727-28 County seats, 41 fJai-Nam nhat-thang du--do (Geographic astronomy, astrology, geomancy, and Courier stations, 198, 200 · maps of the unity of f)~i Nam), mental maps, 737-40 Covens, Johannes, 434, 435, 436 504,505,506 Balinese, 723 Cowhide, maps on, 833, 835, 840 fJqi- Nam quac cu-O'ng-gi6i v~-bien [or vung­ Bon, 624-25 Crabs, 499, 705 bien] (Boundaries of f)~i Nam) Cambodian, 727,733 Crayfish, 785 (Hoang Huu Xfrng), 506 diversity of, 840 Cresques, Abraham, 742, 743 fJqi-Nam thong-chi (Record of f)~i Nam), four-continent earth and Mount Sumeru Crocodile~785, 798 504 system, 723-28 Crossbow, for determining height, 117, n.70 fJai-Nam toan-do (Complete maps of f)~i geography and myth in, 733 Cit-a (channels), 484 · Nam), 503, 504, 505, 506 heavens, 729-31 Cui Yixuan ~~1{, 88 Dainihon dacha hayabiki saiken zu ::*: B , 728-29, 730, 731 Cults, mortuary, 693, 701, 702-10 * ~$!F-5 l*m5!III(Detailed and Indian, 693 Culture, 92-95. See also Political culture quickly discernible itinerary map of Jain, 619 Cun't () (unit of measurement), 97, Great japan) (Akisato Rito), 426 Laotian, 693, 727 112,527 Dainihon enkai jissoku roku ::*: B *Yemf.~Uif< limited views of cosmos, 728-37 Cuneiform , 15 (Survey notes of the coastlines of media for, 696 Cunxing bian (Treatise on preserving the Great japan), 453 n.376 and monarchy, 728 nature) (Yan Yuan), 225 Dainihon enkai yochi zenzu ::*: B *yeml~JtH and religion, 728 Cuo II, King, 37 ~III (Maps of the coastlines of sources, 692-93 Cups, wine, 149 Great japan), 451-53 tribal, 696-97, 702-13, 714 Curves, 55, 148-50 Dainihon hayakuri dacha ki ::*: B *!F-~it[ Thai, 693, 719, 725-28 Customs, 180 Tibetan Cyrus the Great, 639, 640, 641 $§c (Quickly discernible itinerary abstract mandalas, 619-21 of Great japan), 426 astrological and divinatory diagrams, Dainihon kairiku shokoku dachu zukan *B 632-34 Da. See Tu *mJ~~~fi~~$ 1iJ& (Itinerary map Buddhist, 608-9, 619-38 Da. See Tu of the sea and land routes of Great collections of, 612 Da Xiang *~§ , 533 japan),426 focusing on temporal dimension, Dachen * IN. , 515 Dainihonkoku jishin no zu * B *~JtHRzlIJ 625-29 Da Dai Li ji *m~§c (The Elder Dai's (Earthquake map of Great japan), focusing on terrestrial plane, 621-25 record of rites), 213 410-11 and and mythology, Dadi *$ (Great Emperor), 531 Dainihonkoku no zu *B*~ZIll(Mapof 634-38 Dadu. See Beijing Great japan) (Kabo Hyozo), 409 910 General Index

Dainihonkoku zenbizu * 8 /.$:m~-V;III celestial diagram from temple,S52, 554, in Sancai tuhui, 554 (Complete map of Great japan), 555 on Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 413 n.268 departs from orthodox Chinese on Su Song star maps, 546 "Dainihonkoku zu" *8 *mliI (Map of cosmography, 226 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547, 548 Great japan) (in Shugaisho), 368, influence on Chinese cartography, 230 tables, 185, 394 369-70,458 use of nonary square in, 215 on Tenkyu zu, 599 Dainihon shi *8/.$:9: (History of Great Daoli ~.m. (road measurement), 110 on Tenmon seisho zu, 590 japan), 382 n.147 Daozang j]!ijl (Daoist canon) on Tenmon sokuryo zu, 596-97 n.43 Dainippon *8* (Great japan), 430-31 charts of unseen forces in, 72 in Tensho retsuji no zu, 588 Dai Shin itto zu *m-*ftlll (General map maps in, 165, 167, 230 on Tensho sasei no zu, 598 of Great Qing China) (Shibata Tongzhan taxiangli xingjing, 529 in Tianwen da cheng guan kui jiyao, 589 Shiizo), 429 n.305 Xingjing in, 519 n.52 n.28 Dai Shin koyozu *mJI~[IJ(Enlarged map Da Qing huidian (Qing administrative in Xinyi xiang fayao, 542, 543 of Great Qing China) (Nagakubo code), 305 n.209, 312 n.230 Deer, 798 Sekisui), 429 n.305, 430 Da Qing yitong yutu (Comprehensive Defense maps. See Military maps Daitokyii Kinen Library, , 473 geographic map of the Great Qing) Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 236. D~i Vi~t (Great Viet), 479. See also Vietnam (Hu Linyi et al.), 195 n.66, See also Korea itineraries, 490-96, 497, 498 198-99,202 Den 83~ ,410 n.256, 428, 470-71 maps of, 481-90 Da Qing yitong zhi (Comprehensive Dengfeng Xian, Yuan observational tower in Le atlas, 483-84, 485 gazetteer of the Great Qing realm) at, 56 no longer extant, 480-81 commissioning of, 180 Denglonggu iIllli~ (Frame of the Lantern in Thien tdi nhan dam, 500 compilation of, 106,298 [Southern Cross]), 555,557 f)qi- Vi~t su--ky toan-thu- (Complete book of f)qi-Nam nhat-thong chi based on, Denzu 83111 (cadastral maps), 349, 363 the historical records of Great 505 Department of Oriental Antiquities, British Viet), 480, 490 and Dai Shin koyozu, 430 Museum, London, Tibetan Dai yochi kyugi *~ttE~1fi (Large globe of lack of European influence reflected pilgrimage map in, 659, 661 the earth) (Numajiri Bokusen), 392 in, 189,190, 191 Desa na ualu (eight-armed figure), 711-12 Daizoho Nihon dochu kotei ki *!ttM8 * Mongolian maps used to prepare, Desas (localities), 772, 773 ~r:pfTfj~c (Widely enlarged 684 Description . .. de la Chine et de la Tartarie itinerary of japan) (Kokuryiisai), Dark Warrior (celestial palace), 520 n.61, chinoise (Jean Baptiste Du Halde), 426 524, 528, 556, 559. See also 300 Da jiao *fI3 (Great Horn asterism), 210 Genbu Description des isles de Japon en sept Dalai , 611, 616, 637, 654 n.147, 666, Das, Sarat Chandra, 668-70 principles parties (Philippe Briet), 679, pl.34 Da situ *P] m: (grand minister of 389 n.166 Da Lat, 478 education),75 Deserts, 51 Dalby, Andrew, 692, 760-61, 797-98 Da Tang xiyu ji *mfi!9~~c (Record of a Determinative stars. See also Stars n.117, 802 n.128 journey to the western regions of of Chinese lunar lodges, 517, 525, 532, Dalem (ruler), 770 Great Tang) (Xuanzhuang),255, 574 Dalrymple, Alexander, 745, 838 372, 373, 374 in calendar treatise of Yuan shi, 551 Daly, H., 794-95 **:Jt, 180 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 Dam Nghia Am, 499, 500 Davang D6rje, 661 copy), 563, 564 Da Ming hunyi tu *aJH~-1II (Integrated Dawae (Tavoy), 750, 752 Xu Guangqi revises, 571 map of the Great Ming), 246, 289 Daxue *~ (Great learning), 205 n.7 Yixing measures NPDs of, 538 n.166 Da yan *frr calendar, 583 n.l0 on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 Da Ming yitong zhi (Comprehensive Dazaifu, 369 of nak~atras, 526 gazetteer of the Great Ming) (Li Da zang jing (Great storehouse of ), in Tenmon zukai, 590 Xian et al.), 57-58, 499 230, 533, 539 n.166 on Tensho retsuji no zu, 588 compared with Tongguk yoji sungnam, De tt (character), 254 in Tianwen da cheng guan kui jiyao, 589 274 Declarafao da descripfao de ] apao (Ignacio n.28 copy at Columbia University, 294 n.180 Moreira), 389,390 on Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu no map of China in, 60 Declination zu,584-85 as model for Sungnam, 293-94, 295 Chinese celestial coordinates and, 525 Deutsches Museum, Munich, 352 n.183, 296 on Dunhuang star map, 536, 537 Devadahanagara (Devapattana), 780, 782 " dili zhi tu," 293, 296 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 Devaloka (World of Gods), 718 D'aii. See Tu on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Devapanana, 780 Dan ft (officer in Qin army), 38 573 Devata, 723, 726 Dan Yuanziftftr. See Wang Ximing on japanese celestial map on scroll, 594, , map of, 395 Dei-nang, 491, 493 596-97 Dhamma (Buddhist faith), 720 Dantu ftlil (vermilion charts), 75 n.31 in japanese celestial mapping, 602 Dhammacetiya, King, 696 Dao ~ (way), 254 on ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 Dhatus (worlds), 721 Dao de jing ~tt*~ (Classic of the way and on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Dhyana (Meditation), 716, 718 its power) (), 847 561 Di ~ (Base) (lunar lodge), 517 Daoism on Ming star map from Longfu Temple, Di ttE (earth, land), 72 n.9 cartography of, 230 n.4 552 f)~a bQ (land record), 507 General Index 911

Dia-do (geographic map), 479 on Tokaido bungen ezu, 424 Dohan bankoku yochi hozu ~Jf&~~~ti£ Diagram itinerary maps, 424, 426 on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 hIlI (Copperplate square map of Diagrams Distances. See Measurement all the countries in the world) of Chinese national capital, 211 Distortion. See Accuracy (Nagai Seigai), 442 "fate position," 222 District maps, Korean. See also Dojaro Maa, 430-31 of field allocation of lunar lodges, 208 Administrative districts; Kim Dolls, Japanese, 391 of Luo shu giving birth to twelve Chongho Dolonor (Dolon Nor) region, 684-85 terrestrial branches, 215 Andong upto, 330, 334 Ban (camps), 488 of luminous hall, 211, 212 "Chech'on, Ch'ongp'ung, Tanyang," 320 Dong Zhongshu Iifqt!f, 213 of nine domains of Zhou, 207 Chiri chi nae p'alto chugundo, 329 Dongbi !¥M (Eastern Wall) (lunar lodge), of "rounded heavens" and "squared "Hapch'on," 319 517 earth," 209 Kapsanbu hyongp'yondo, 330-31 "Dongdu fu" !¥WJti\ (Eastern capital Dian fu 1iDm~ (royal domain proper), 76 "Kyongsan," 319 rhapsody) (Ban Gu), 77 Dictionaries, Japanese, 407 n.241 map-paintings, 329-31,333,334, pl.19 Donggong *'8 (Eastern Palace), 528 Diem (strong points), 488 Sin'an chido, 329-30, 333 Dongguan (Han records from the Dili tlli£1l! (patterns of the earth or type map of district, 322 eastern tower) (Liu Zhen), 77 n.47 geography), 131 n.11, 153 Yangbyanbu chando, 280 Dong-h&i, 491 Dili chuoyu fuluantou gekuo (A summation Districts. See Administrative districts Dongjing *# (Eastern Well) (lunar lodge), of songs on the pattern of the Ditu t1£111 (geographic map), 27, 72 n.9, 517,525,538 earth, chiseled jade, and pared 279,479 Bong-khanh dja-du- chi-Iu-Q'c (Geographic hilltops) (Xu Zhimo), 219, 221 Divergent perspective, 613 n.28, 616, 617, summary of the Dong-khanh era), Dili renzi xuzhi (Everything that geomancers 671,677,679 506 should know) (Xu Shanji and Xu Divination Dong-khanh emperor, 506 Shanshu),218-19 by Batak tribes, 711-12 Donglu Shan (Mount Donglu), 92 Dili tu tlli£flll (geographic maps) boards, 115, 118, 120,215,527 Dong-son Bronze Age drums, 737 defined, 153 Chinese cosmography in, 215-16 "Dongyue zhenxing tu" *~!l~1iI(Map and Ding Henian's poem, 160 by Iban tribes, 711 of the true form of the sacred peak by Huang Shang, copy of, 70, 86-87 Indian diagrams for, 634 of the east), 167 in Sancai tuhui, 152, 154-55 by Kayan tribe, 710, 711 Dood-Chulgan, grave plans from, 8, 21 Dilizhi (geographical treatise or maps, 94 tlli£JIit Dorgon (Manchu prince regent), 177 record), 75, 76, 89, 93, 119 n.77 in Mongolian cartography, 685 Dorje Tijung, 657 Ding HenianT~1f., 160, 162 and placement of Buddhist temples, 614 Doshisha University, 591 Dinggang Nima Woser, 618 Southeast Asian tribes' aids to, 710-11 Dou -4 (the Dipper) (asterism), 514-15, Ding-ri region, Tibet, maps of, 617, 618 in Tianwen da cheng guan kui jiyao, 589 516,519,520 Dipan tllifi (earth plate), 527 n.28 Dragons Diping (terrestrial plane), 252 Tibetan diagrams for, 632-34 China as, 220,221 Diqiu (globe), 252 in Tibetan mandalas, 612 on Chinese lacquer chest, 519 Directions signs, 586 on Dainihonkoku jishin no zu, 411 cardinal (see Cardinal directions) Diwang $-=:£ (Emperor) (star), 531 on Gyoki-type maps, 370 on chido sik, 321, 322 Dixin :t~{J' (earth heart), 253 on Japanese maps, 411 n.260 on Chinese nautical chart, 54, 55 Dixing tllilfJ (topography), 73 Dragon's lair configuration, 218, 219, 220 on cosmic board, 527 Dixing fangzhang tu t1£~h3t1il Drepung, map of, 666, 667-68, 673, 676-77 disregarded on Japanese labyrinth maps, (topographicalone-zhang-square Droughts, 91 425,426 map),112 Drums, 13, 14 n.59, 19, 737 on divination boards, 115 n.66 Dixing tu tlli~lII (topographic map), 89, Du (degrees), 522, 583 on Fangmatan maps, 39 125 JJt Du- dia chi (Geographical record), 481 on gazetteer maps, 91 Djalan liau (Route of the souls of the dead), Dudley, Robert, 388-89 on geomantic compasses, 217 704 Du--do (terrestrial map), 479 on Japanese nautical charts, 385 Djapara, king of, 689 on King Taejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Djebel al-Qamar (Mountains of the Moon), Du Halde, Jean Baptiste, 181, 183, 185, 561 246-47 299,300 lack of on Sino-Tibetan world map, 642 Dkyil'khor (mandala), 610 Dukang, map of, 73 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 831 D/la. See Tu Duke Zhuang of Lu, 76 n.39 wr~*c~ on Ming celestial charts, 552 D'o. See Tu Dumen jiliie (Abridged notes on in Mongolian cartography, 685 Do JJt (degree), 583, 597 n.45 the capital), 188 on Pingjiang tu, 141 Do (map), 479 Dunhuang on regional map from Borneo, 776 DC> Ba, 486, 488, 490, 499 archives at, 532 n.141 in Shouling tu, 115 Doanh (military camps), 485 compared with Korean silk screen, 567 on Siamese military map, 763 Docho±~ (land ledgers), 363-64 map of burial site from, 55, 57 on Southeast Asian cosmographies, 725 Dochu hitori annai zu m9J1I1~~liI (Map maps of, 614, 672 on Suzhou planisphere, 546 for traveling alone), 426 mural of Wutai Shan from, 152 on Ten no zu, 586 Dochuzu ~9J1IJ (route maps), 349 painting in tomb at, 532 on Tibetan astrological table, 633 Documentary scholarship and political star charts at, 534-35, 536-37, 544, 578 on Tibetan divination diagrams, 634 culture, 73-74 zodiacal symbols in caves at, 549 912 General Index

"Du Shanhai jing" (Reading the Shanhai Ebi Gensui ::&~Z7J< (Ebi Gaishi), 402-4 Edakal cave, rock paintings in, 12-13 jing) (Tao Qian), 133 n.231 Edinburgh journal ofScience, 690, 745 , 390 Eclipses Edinburgh Philosophical journal, 690, 745 Duy-tan emperor, 506 in Chinese astrology, 89, 512 n.ll Edo, 334 DVlpas, 667, 716. See also Continents; in Chunqiu, 515 city plans of, 349, 400, 402, 420, 421, Jambiidvlpa and determining longitude, 305 472-73 Dwo. See Tu and distances between cities, 185 on "Daigepponkoku no zu," 431 Dza-rung, , 676-77 in Five Dynasties histories, 539 on DaizohoNihon dochu k6tei ki, 426 Dzongs (castles or forts), 621, 656, 669 lunar, 118-19,122,311 n.226, 451 on Shokoku d6chu 6ezu, 425 Dzungars, 186 Ming errors in predicting, 552 on Tokaido michiyuki no zu, 422 Dzungghar Banner, map of, 682 n.7 prediction of by Indian astronomers, 533 Edo meisho zue yIp-ijpfffiJ1r (Illustrated prediction of by Jesuit missionary, 30 description of notable places in Earth in preface to Ch'onggudo, 318 Edo) (Saito Choshii), 416 axis of on Japanese terrestrial globes, Ricci teaches Chinese to predict, 569 Edo period 468-69,470-71 in Samguk sagi, 557 cartography during, 346,454-55 carried by buffalo, 702 on Shang oracle bones, 514 Buddhist world maps, 429 as chariot chassis, 76 n.42 solar, 10, 180, 451, 525 maps and plans of towns, 416, 420-22 in ch'onhado, 256 in "Wuxing zhi," 527 n.l03 maps of China, 429 circumference of, 98 n.7 Ecliptic coordinates, 30 maps of fictional places, 430-32 compared to tree, 702 Ecliptic latitude, 538 pocket-sized itinerary maps, 424 correlations of in Chinese geomancy, Ecliptic pole, 570-71, 573 provincial maps, 416 218-19 Ecliptics celestial mapping during,S84-600 on cosmological map on drum, 14 n.59 on celestial globe constructed at Jiankang, Eggs, 118, 120,712 four-continent, 723-28 531 Eight Barbarian Lands, 642, 643 on heiten gi, 592 on "Chidao liang zong xingtu," 571 "Eight Buddhist Symbols," 623 inclination of, 209 in Chinese cosmography, 226 "Eight Hot Hells," 632 n.91 in Indian cosmological mapping, 14 and fenye, 208 Eisei Library, Tokyo, 468-69 as Middleworld, 704, 705, 707, 708, 712 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 Ekii ~@ (monk), 374 on Paro mural, 622 on Honch'on chando, 576, 578 Elements, 622, 634 shape of on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Elephants, 493, 500, 734, 785, 798, p1.34. Chinese conceptions of, 30, 117-24, 570-71,573 See also Animals 170,171,203,225 on Huangdao zong xingtu, 571 Elevated perspective, 791 and cosmography, 212, 215, 218 on Japanese celestial map from Tenbun Elevation Pei Xiu's, 196 era, 583 calculating, 116, 119 round, 108 on Japanese celestial map on scroll, 594, depiction of buildings in, 147, 150 on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 596-97 on fish-scale maps, 86 and grids, 124 in Japanese celestial mapping, 602 omitted from Gia-dinh tinh, 501 Japanese conceptions of, 377, 390, 392 on jianjie zong xingtu, 570 and Pei Xiu's principles of mapmaking, Korean conceptions of, 253, 254 on Kim Chongho's hemispherical Western 111 on Son'gi okhyong, 251 map, 344 Shen Kuo's means of determining, 116-17 Southeast Asian conceptions of, 723-28 on King Sejong's celestial globe, 568 n.70 on Tibetan divination diagrams, 634 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Elites, government by, 71-72 Earthquakes, 410-11 561,563 Elzerack, Jan van, 391 East Asia. See also Asia; China; Japan; on Korean silk screen,S67 En ~ (cultivated land), 349 Korea; Vietnam on Ming paper planisphere, 554, 555 Enbudai. See Jambiidvlpa cartography (see Cartography, East Asian) on Ming star map from Changshu, 552, Encircling oceans, 57 Chinese influence on city planning in, 210 554 Enclosures, 2, 3, 4 Chinese well-field system and reform in, omitted from Ming star map from Longfu Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indie, 690 205 Temple, 552 Engineering, 96 n.l, 697, 700 cultural variety, 24 omitted from Ten no zu, 583 shiki (Rules pertaining to the execution on dragon map of China, 221 on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 of laws), 366 Japanese nautical charts of, 381-83, on Song celestial globe, 541 England. See Europe; Great Britain 463-65 on Su Song's celestial globe, 541 Engravings, 1 Korean regional maps of, 243-73 on Su Song's star maps, 543, 544 En-tin (priest), 642 on Korean world maps, 235 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547 Enzii liImi, 392 literacy in, 26 on Tenkyu zu, 600-601 Equator, celestial on Nanban world map, 379 on Tenmon seisho zu, 595 and Chinese lunar lodges, 517, 518 on Portuguese marine charts, 347 in Tensho kanki sho, 593-94 on Chinese maps, 525 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 on Tensho sosei no zu, 598 "Chidao liang zong xingtu," 571 spread of in, 512 on Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu no Dunhuang star map, 537 on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 zu,583 from Five Dynasties tombs, 540 Sea, 354 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Eastern , 71, 515-18 Ecole Fran~aise d'Extreme-Orient, 478-79, 570-71,573 East Ezochi, 443-44, 445 506 Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 General Index 913

]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 globes from imported into japan, 390-91 Fan Ye, 519, 529 from Ming, 552, 554, 555 influence of Fang m(Chamber) (lunar lodge), 517, 530 by Su Song, 543, 544, 545, 546 on Bugi nautical charts, 835-38 Fang jj (square), 111, 124 n.89 Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547 on Burmese maps, 735, 743, 745, 760 et aI., ]in shu, 110 n.44, on globes on Chinese astronomy, 512 529-30 constructed at Jiankang, 531 on Chinese celestial mapping, 578 astronomical treatise, 537-38 by Guo Shoujing, 550 on Chinese scholarship, 105 and Chinese astronomy, 513 by King Sejong, 568 on japanese celestial mapping, 598 number of asterisms and stars cited in, from Song,S41 on Korea, 249, 298, 344 532 by Su Song, 541 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 644, "Tianwen jingxing," 518 by Yixing, 533 646-47 Fang Yizhi, 223, 226, 585 by Zhang Heng, 522 on regional map from Borneo, 775 Fangmatan maps, 37-40, 43, 48, 64, 69, on japanese maps, 602 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 231 first printed map, 587 n.21 on Thai cartography, 698, 742, 743 Fangxie jj~~ (diagonal distance), 110-11, on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 on Tibetan cartography, 673 114 on scroll (1796), 596-97 on Vietnamese cartography, 500-505 Fangyu shenglan jj~Jm. (Complete on Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 Japanese interest in, 379 n.130 conspectus of the [imperial] from Tenbun era, 583 on Kangnido, 244, 246, 247, 248 territory), 274 n.111 on Tenkyu zu, 599 Katsuragawa's map of, 436 Fangyu shenglue (Compendium of on Tenmon seisha zu, 590, 595 lack of influence on Southeast Asian geography) (Cheng Boer et aI.), on Ten no zu, 583 cartography, 689 175,177,178-79,408,409 in Tensha kanki sha, 593, 594 lack of influence on Trai phum, 731 Fangzhang tu 1J3tllJ (One-zhang square on Tensha sasei no zu, 598 on map of jambiidvipa at Kobe City map) (Pei Xiu), 69,112 on Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu Museum, 429, pl.29 Fangzhi 1J~ (local gazetteers), 76, 89, 188 no zu, 584-85 on Nanban-style world maps, 462, 463 Fanyang, map of, 69, 147 known as Chidao, 529 n.114 on Nansenbushu bankoku shaka no zu, Fasciculus e Iapponicis floribus (Antonio on Korean maps 428 Francisco Cardim), 388-89 Honch'on chondo, 576, 578 omitted from map of jambiidvipa owned Feinstein, Alan, 768 nn.58, 59 King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), by Muroga Emiko, 429 Fen ft (unit of measurement), 42, 112, 530 561,563 representations of the zodiac, 524 Feng Yingjing {,~~* ,171,175,409 n.245 omitted from Huangdao zong xingtu, on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 Yueling guangyi, 407 571 rock art of, 15 Feng Yunpeng, 11 on silk screen, 567 on Son'gi okhyong, 252 Feng Yunyuan, 11 Equator, terrestrial, 171, 250, 462, 736 variable perspective in art from, 146 n.62 (Bianmen), 299, 338-39 Equatorial coordinates, 30 Exclusion Decrees of 1633, 1635, and 1639, Feng River, 102 Equatorial mounting, 551 376, 379 n.130 Feng shui Jit7J< (wind and water). See Equatorial stereographic projection, 598 Exploration Geomancy; Siting Equidistant conic projection, 439, 440 and East Asian mapmaking, 30 Fengxiang shi {,~ifEJ~ (royal astronomer), 88 Equinoctial points, 554, 571, 576 and japanese mapmaking, 346, 347, 385, Fengyi {,~~ (river god), 94 Equinoxes 395,443-53 Fenlu ft$ (proportional measure), 110, and Chinese lunar lodges, 518 Ezo, 443, 444 n.354, 446-47 114. See also Scale early determination of in China, 10 Ezochi, 443-44, 447 n.364 Fenye fttf (field-allocation system), 191, in inscription with King T'aejo's Ezochi zushiki !If1~:f:fufIJ~ (Map of Ezo) 208-10,222,223-24 planisphere (1687 copy), 563 (Kondo Morishige), 447, 448,450 Fernandez Navarrete, Francisco Domingo, on Korean planisphere, 524 Ezo Matsumae zu !If1~f~1W1II (Map of Ezo 836 on Shukushagi zu, 392 and Matsumae) (Nagakubo Ferrand, Gabriel, 828 in Tensha kanki sha, 593-94 Sekisui), 447 Fields. See also Fenye Equirectangular projection, 377, 378, 380, Ezo no kuni zenzu !If1~~~1iiI (Map of the on bas-reliefs from Javanese temples, 696, 386,461,462 Ezo region) (), 444 697 Eratosthenes, 98 n.7 n.355, 445 in Binh-nam do, 493 "Er jing fu" (Two metropolises rhapsody) "Ezo no zu" !If1~zliJ (Map of Ezo) (in on Burmese cadastral maps, 790-91, 821, (Zhang Heng), 131-32, 134 Wakan sansai zue), 444 n.355 823 Erya (Progress toward correctness), 72 n.9 Ezo zu !If1~1i1 (Map of Ezo), 444 n.355 on city plan of Mandalay, 825 Espinha, joseph d', 186 Ezu ~IIJ (pictorial diagram), 349 clay model of from Han tomb, 78 Ethnografisch Museum, , 648, 649 Ezukata ~liJjj (official cartographer), 349, on docha, 364 Euclid, 254 396 japanese maps of, 359-61, 453, 456-57 Europe. See also specific countries on Japanese survey maps, 395 on Bankoku zu, 409 Fa 1! (methods), 114 n.61 on map of Gorkha, 677 cartography (see Cartography, European) Fabric. See Cloth on secular Thai route map, 785 Chinese criticism of cosmography, 226 Fajie anli tu (Maps of the configuration of on Siamese rural map, 795 on ch'onhado, 266 Dharmadhatu) (Renchao), 174 on Southeast Asian bas-reliefs, 696 conception of space, 145 "Nanzhanbuzhou tu," 373 on tuang-tuang, 796 constellations from on japanese maps, Fakkymoulana, Prince, 838 Finnish-Baltic region, 13 599-600,600-601,603 Fan Kuan illJi:, 225 Fire, 622, 634, 704 914 General Index

Fire Bird () (star), 573 Fujiwara no Mitsuhiro JijJ**5L , 357 compared with Horinger manor map, Fish Fujiwara no Sukeyo, 355, 580, 582 n.6 150-51 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 798 Fujiwara, , 358-59 use of signs on, 51 in Indian cosmological mapping, 14 Fukansai Fabian ~-=f~[3.~ , 390 variable prespective and scale on, 147-48 on Japanese pottery, 13 Fukoin kyuki hokyo ezu -aJJi~I!i~Mt.t Garrisons. See Military installations in prehistoric rock art, 18 ~1iI (Plan of the old structure of Gaspardone, Emile, 478 on route map of area along Shweli River, Fukoin Temple), 364, 365 Gates 817 Fukui Seiko ffri#~Jj] , 456-57 on Burmese military maps, 754 on secular Thai route map, 785 Fukui Prefecture, 583, 586 on city plan for Chiang Mai, 827 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 Fukushima Kitaro ffri~~::t~~, 459, 461 on city plan for Mandalay, 827 in Thien ttli nhan dam, 499 Fukushima Kunitaka ffri~~~ , 564, on Dqi-Man quae-do, 496 in Trai phum, 726, 731, 737 566-67,586-88 on Japanese landscape from Heijo, 353 Fisher, James F., 618-19, 673 Fun 5t (minutes), 597 n.45 on Javanese map in Bibliotheque Fishing, 708 Funakoshi Wd~ (portage), 271 Nationale, 773 Fish-scale maps, 84, 85, 86, 100,231 Funakoshi Akio, 28 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 Five Indias, maps of, 255-56, 343. See also Furniture, cosmographies on, 696 on map of area around Tenasserim coast, Gotenjiku maps; Oeh'oneh'ukkuk Fusokoku no zu fj(~~zlll (Map of the 813 to country Fuso), 411 n.262 on map of Great Wall, 181 Five Marchmounts, 262 n.79 Fuxi, 531 on map of Jingjiang Fu Cheng, 62 Flags, 382, 675, 706, 833, 834 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 705 Flattened spherical projection, 250, 254 on Shaho castle plans, 400 Floods, 91 Gabriel, 702 in Southeast Asian conceptions of Floor plans, 612 Gachurt, grave plans from, 8, 21 nibbana, 730 Flores Island, 830 Gaikoku tokai no ezu 9i-~¥N1'mz~1II in Tibetan cartography, 671 Folk art, 696 (Chart of overseas navigation), 383 on town plan at Sunch'on, 238 Forbidden Purple (celestial palace), 520 n.150 on view of P'yongyang, pl.20 n.61, 528 Gaitian :ii:7Z (covering heaven) theory, 118, Gaubil, Antoine, 180 Foreign relations, 82 120,122,123,522 Gautama Siddhartha (Qutan Xida), 518-19, Former 35, 37, 39-40, 513. See Gaitu ~III (hemispherical maps), 531 521, 528-29, 533, 581 n.49 also Han dynasty; Later Han Gajjangala (Kajailgala), 780 Gavuddhas (unit of measurement), 779, 782 dynasty Galdan Tseren, 682 n.5 Gazetteers, Chinese Formosa (), 198,215, 388,689 Galileo, 223 accuracy of, 138 Forrest, Thomas, 836-38 Gaming boards, 215 and astrology, 90-91 Forts. See Military installations Gan De 1t~ Chang'an zhi, 105 Fortunate Isles, 177 Bu zan, 581-82 Da Ming yitong zhi (see main entry) Four-continent earth, 723-28 constellations identified by, 518, 519, 521, Da Qing yitong zhi (see main entry) Four-Island Universe, 718 529,532 fangzhi, 76, 89, 188 Fozu tongji f~Wg*1t~c ( on Japanese celestial globe at Doshisha tongzhi, 158 in the [true ] ), 255 University, 591 Guangping fu zhi, 143, 162, 196 n.64 on Japanese celestial map on scroll, Henan tongzhi, 191, 198 Fragrant Hill Hotel, 216 596-97 ]ingding ]iankang zhi, 92 France, 6, 177, 314, 323, 501, 506. on Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 590 ]izhou zhi, 142, 195 Frescoes, 679, 681 on Ten no zu, 586 local, 89-90 Fridelli, Ehrenberg Xavier, 299 Ganden (dGa'ldan) monastery, India, 611 maps in, 90, 91-92, 143, 153 Frisius, Gemma, 185 n.43 Gandhamadana Mountain, 781 Nanyang fu zhi, 194 Frogs, 632 Ganga River, 732, 733 tongzhi, 189, 192, 193 Frol de la Mar, 828 Gang-gar, Ding-ri, Tibet, 676-77 star map from, 90, 91 Fu Jff (prefectures), 58 n.43, 293, 294 , , 680-81 text in, 58 n.43 Fu M (rhapsody), 120, 131, 132 Gansser, Augusto, 659 n.161 Tongzhou zhi, 163, 196 Fu Xi {J\fi, 204, 214 Gansu Province, 158-59,614 tu from, 153, 156-61 Fu Zehong, 104 Gansu tongzhi (Comprehensive gazetteer of Yongping fu zhi, 160, 194-95 Fuchs, Walter, 60, 682 n.7 Gansu),158 Zhangde fu zhi, 90 , 217 Gao Pian, tomb of, 484 Zhejiang tongzhi, 156 Fujii Hanchi ~#*~D (Fujii Hisane). See Gaochang, 531 Ge Heng ~!T , 530 Ochikochi Doin Gao Shan (Mount Gao), 81 Ge Hong, 226 Fujii Sadamiki, 370 n.98, 459 Gaoxia ~~ (leveling or lowering of Gedao M~ (Hanging Gallery) Fujimura Tanjo ~f1l!5E, 468-69 heights), 110-11, 114 (constellation), 538, 548 Fuji sangu mandara M±~'§~~f,I Gao yuan ~j! (high distance or Gelukpa (Buddhist sect), 625, 635, 637, 652 (Mandala for pilgrimages to Mount perspective), 146-47 n.144, 672 Fuji) (Kano Motonobu), 366 n.83 Gaozu ~W!Il (Liu Bang), 74-75, 131-32 Gemini, 539, 549, 561 Fujishima Chozo ~~~;jl, 466 Gardens, 730, 772,825,827 Genbu ~:Ltt (turtle and snake interlocked), Fujiwara family, 395 Garhi (little fort), 646 352-53,579 Fujiwara Munetada ~ffi{*~, (Nakatsukasa Garrison map (from Mawangdui), 44, 45, Geng J! (watch) (unit of measurement), 53 Munetada),580-81 54,69, pl.8 n.33 General Index 915

Geng Shouchang ~X=§§, 521 Giao-chau du--dia do (Geographic maps of Gorkha, Nepal, 676-77 kokai sho (or Genna kokai ki) (Book Giao-chau [old for Gosainkund, 659, 661 of the art of navigation in the northern Vietnam]), 499-500, 501 Gosainthan, 659, 661 Genna era) (Ikeda Koun), 381 Gibson, William, 698 Goshuinjo ffEfl*EPMj\ (license bearing the n.145, 394 Ginshima (Island of ), 405, 408 "august vermilion seal"), 381 Genroku 5Cff~ period, maps from, 397, 399, Gion festival, Kyoto, 579 n.143 444 n.354 Gion oyashiro ezu ffr.Ettl]OOff!±~1iiJ (Map of Goshuinsen OO*EPJiYd (trading ships Geodetic coordinates, 310-13, 318, 344. See Gion Shrine), 364, pl.22 authorized by the government), 381 also Latitude; Longitude Glaciers, 656 n.143 Geodetic surveys, 53, 123 Globe construction Goss, L. A., 755 Geografisch Instituut van de bronze, 530, 574,577, 578 Gotenjikukoku no zu lix~~ZIlI(Map Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, 832-38 clay,468-69 of the Five Indias) (Sokaku), 429, Geographical Institute, Kyoto University, cloth and steel, 470-71 460 402 n.231, 468-69 copper, 591, 836 Gotenjiku li7(~ maps (Maps of the Five Geographic records, Chinese, 89-91 of Dai yochi kyugi, 392 Indias), 255-56, 263, 371-76, 460 Geographies, Vietnamese, 499 iron, 569 Gotenjiku no zu li7(~ZIII (Map of the Geography lacquer, 466-67, 468-69, 591 Five Indias), 460 during Han, 76, 92-93, 207 paper, 466-67,468-69,470-71 Gotenjiku zu lix~1II (Map of the Five in Huainanzi, 110 paper and bamboo, 470-71 Indias) importance of, 86 paper on wood or plaster, 470-71, 591 by Jiikai, 347, 372, 373,460 increased Korean interest in, 298 papier-mache, 591 other examples, 460 in Ming gazetteers, 188 of Songi okhyong, 251-52 Gotenjiku zue li7(~III~(Map of the Five and myth, 733 wood, 466-67,468-69, 531 Indias), 460 official Chinese treatises on, 74 Globes. See Celestial globes; Terrestrial Goto Islands, 388 and reconstruction of Chinese past, 105-6 globes Gougu Ja]~ method (base-height method), in Shanhai jing, 133 Globular projection, 433, 437 111, 117 n.70 during Tang, 83 Gnomons Government, (Claudius Ptolemy), 114 n.56 calibration of shadow , 123 installations on maps redrawn by Geomancy (feng shui [wind and water]). See at Dengfeng, 173 huidianguan, 197-98 also Siting in early Chinese astronomy, 518 interest in measurement, 96-101 and Chinese cosmography, 216-22 in Huainanzi, 97,98 n.7 official treatises on, 74 compared with medicine, 222, 278, 281, Kenyah Dayaks' use of, 712, 713 Go-Yozei 1&~fflG, emperor, 583 330-31 in Lixiang kaocheng, 311 n.226 Gozen chi) 1fEfJ1W~ (books presented to the and construction of Heijo, 359 and orientation of Japanese cities, 359 emperor), 395 and construction of Nara, 346 from Yuan, 551 Graduated circle maps, 793, 794 defined, 30,276 in Yuan observational tower, 53,56 Graduated rods, 101, 102, 115-16, 118, 119 and development of Chinese cartography, Go (game), 588 Graduations, 358 221-22 Gobi Desert, 188 Grain prices, 91 during early Choson period, 279 "Goda meisho no zenzu" Jrf§~~pJTZ~1ii , Shandong Province, map of, and Korean cartography, 30, 276-79 (Map of obstacles to spiritual 61 and placement of Buddhist temples, 614 awakening) (in Zen'aku meisho Grand Lama, 669 Song-era schools of, 217-19 zue) (Ippitsuan Eisen), 431-32 Graphs, Chinese, 24, 26, 72 n.9, 130, 203 Southeast Asian, 737-40 Gods. See also specific names ofgods Graticules. See also Grids in Vietnam, 481 on hoshi mandaras, 600, 602 advocated by huidianguan, 198 Geomantic compasses, 115, 217 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 730, 740 on Chigu chonhudo, 314 Geometric cosmography, 204-5, 222 on Thai library cupboard, 733 in Chinese mapping, 30 Geometric patterns. See Patterns in Trai phum, 725 on ch?)nhado, 258,259 Gerd-Wolfgang Essen Tibetica Collection, on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 Hamburg, 676-77 Gog and Magog, 702 on city plan of Mandalay, 825 Gesar, 636, 637, 647, 669, 673 Gogeisl, Anton, 574 combined with grids, 202 Gesick, Lorraine, 784 n.92 Gogra River, 733 in European mapmaking, 153 "Getchi Katsuragawa shi chikyii zu" f31fgfl Go region, provincial maps of, 416 and grid on Yu ji tu, 124 }II~tili~1iiJ (Getchi Katsuragawa's Gokoin Temple, Nikko, 462 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414 map of the terrestrial globe), 436 Golden Temple, 827 on Kim Chongho's hemispherical Western n.329 Gole, Susan, 646-47 map, 344 Gewu f!~O/) (investigation of things), 94 rombosurun Banner in Setsen Khan District, lack of in Haiguo tuzhi, 192 Gia-dinh, 499, 500 683 lack of on Chong Sanggi's maps, 311 Gia-d~nh thanh thong-chi (Geography of Gomez, Pedro, 393 lack of on Ming Chinese maps, 177 Gia-dinh) (Trinh Hoai Duc), 501 Goncigdorz, B., 685 on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 Gia-d~nh tinh (Map of Gia-dinh [the Saigon Gong E; (Palaces), 519, 537. See also names Graves. See also Burial sites area]) (Tran Van HQc), 500-501, ofcelestial palaces and Chinese geomancy, 216 502,506 Gongren l rA (mining superintendent), 75 feng shui spot for, 218-19, 220 Gia-Iong emperor, 497, 499, 508 Gonzalez, Manuel, 381, 394 Korean map of, 277 Gianno, Rosemary, 710 Gorkha, House of, 647 maps of, 230 916 General Index

Graves (cont.) and text, 126 Gui ~Ji (compass), 98, 358 on Mongolian petroglyphs, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, three-by-three, 204, 206, 210, 223 Gui Youguang, 224 19 used by huidianguan, 197 Guilandini, Melchior, 377 Great Bear (constellation), 11, 20, 515, 524. on ¥u ji tu, 47, 48, 113, 124 Guimo ~Jif~ (scale), 284 See also Beidou; Big Dipper on ¥utu, 51 Guita-bahil monastery, Patan, Nepal, 610, Great Britain and zhunwang, 110 n.45 678-79 attractions of for Xu Jiyu, 108 Zhu Siben's use of, 242 Gui Xian ( valley), 38 and Burmese route map, 789 in Japanese cartography , 496 Chinese map of, 200 on early maps of paddy fields, 359 "Gujin Hua yi quyu zongyao tu" defeats China in Opium War, 191 on hakuzu, 349 ~~~~liJ~*,,~~lil(General map influence on Bugi nautical charts, 836-38 jori, 359 n.64 of the ancient and present Japan opened to trade from, 438, 443 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, territories of China and foreign n.349 414-15 countries), 58, 168,241 occupies Beijing, 323 on map of Yamada County, 361 Gujin tushu (Complete collection of ships from land in Uchiura (or Funka on Todaiji sangai shishi no zu, 355 books and illustrations, past and [Eruption]) Bay, 447 in Korean cartography present) (Chen Menglei, Jiang on ¥oji chando, 249 in Ch'onggudo, 315, 316, 317, 320-21 Tingxi et al.), 183-84,204 n.6, Greater and Lesser Whites, 241, 243 on district maps, 318-20, 331 213,220, 310 n.223 Great Wall on Kim Chongho's maps, 331 Gujin xingsheng zhi tu ~~~JmzfIJ (Map eighteenth-century map of, 189, pl.ll not used during Chong Sanggi's of advantageous terrain past and in Guang yutu, 51 lifetime, 319 n.240 present), 59, pl.1 on "Guangyu zongtu" and "Yudi purpose of, 30 Gulf of Martaban, 742, 808-9 zongtu," 188 on Taedong yojido, 325, 326, 327-28 Gulf of Siam, 737, 745, 829, 831 on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.l omitted from Southeast Asian maps, 841 Gulf of Thailand, 697, 741 on Korean maps of China, 268 on Siamese military map, 763 Gulf of Tomini, 834 map of in Lateran Museum, 189, 197 in Vietnamese cartography, 478 n.5 Gulf of Tonkin, 265 on map of route between Amarapura and Gu Jiegang, 76 n.39 Gumilev, L. N., 614, 639-42, 672, 673 Taraek, 817 Gu Kaizhi ~'t.Wz, 135 survey of, 180-81 Gunung (sacred mountain, i.e., Meru), 772 Gu Yanwu, 99-100, 100-101,224,227 ~ on ¥ogyedo,337,338-39,340 Guo (regions subordinate to the Gu Yewang RmmT.3:. , 241 emperor),76 Greeks, 98 n.7 JmJ~L, Gu Yin 241 Guo Pu ¥BJ~, 93 n.114, 216, 262 Grids. See also Graticules Guadi zhi t5t~~ (Inclusive geographical Guo Ruoxu, 136 in Burmese cartography monograph) (Xiao Deyan and Gu Guo Shengchi, 548 on city plan for Mandalay, 800 Yin),241 Guo Shoujing 'B~~ on map of Meiktila, 792 Guangdong Province, 164, 190,484, pl.13 on maps in Scott Collection, 761, 762 as author of calendar treatise in Yuan shi, Guangdongsheng quantu JJi* ~~liJ on military maps, 758 551 (Complete map of Guangdong on route map of Irrawaddy River, 817 celestial globe by, 550-51,578 Province), 164 on urban maps, 827 revises Chinese calendar, 569 Guangping fu zhi (Gazetteer of Guangping in Chinese cartography, 124-26 sectional constellation maps by, 551 Prefecture), 143, 162, 196 combined with graticules, 202 Shoushi calendar, 588 Guangping Prefecture, 143, 162, 196 combined with projection, 198 "survey of the four seas," 123 Guangwu ]lG~ , emperor, 77, 87, 213 in Da Qing yitong zhi, 106 Guo Xi, 136 Guangxi Province, 484, 485, 490, 492 in Guangping fu zhi, 196 Guo Zhongshu ~/~,?g, 142 Guang yutu (Enlarged terrestrial atlas) (Luo in Guang yutu, 50-51, 59-60 Guo yu (Discourses of the states), 74 lack of Hongxian) grids in, 50-51, 59-60 Gyantse, Tibet, 676-77 in atlas of Guangdong Province, 190 1j-~ on importance of grids, 125 Gyoki (priest), 346, 367-68 in Da Qing yitong zhi, 189 Gyoki Bosatsu setsu Dainhihonkoku zu on "Guangyu zongtu," 188 Korea in, 241, 242 1j-~:t¥Wi~*B*~!iJ (Map of on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, 59 maps from copied in ¥utu beikao, 175, Great Japan according to in Haiguo tuzhi, 192 176 Gyoki), 411 n.260 in Shaanxi tongzhi, 189 possible influence on Jesuit map of Korea, Gyoki nenpu (Chronological history of in ¥utu beikao, 175 303 n.206 Gyoki) (Izumi no Takachichi), 367 on map of China in Da Ming yitong possible influence on Zengding Guangyu ji zhi, 58 quantu, 187-88 Gyoki-type maps, 366-71,454 on map of Zhili, 201 signs from legend, 51 as companions to Nanban maps, 461 on maps in gazetteers, 153, 188 text in, 59, 64 dragons omitted from, 411 n.260 origins of, 124-25 Zhu Siben's ¥utu preserved in, 246 extant, 458-59 Pei Xiu and, 48, 849 "Guangyu zongtu" JJi~~fIJ (General map influence on other Japanese maps, 411 pictorial elements break up, 154 of the expanded territory) (in orientation of, 349 pre-Jesuit, 171 Zengding Guangyu ji quantu), on plates, 346, 347 purposes of, 29, 30, 125 n.103 187-88 Gyokuyo (Leaves of gem) (Kujo Kanezane), and shape of earth, 124, 171 Guangzhou (Canton), 164, 743 365 Shen Kuo and, 50 Guanzi ([Book of] Master Guan), 27 n.9, Gyoyo (priest), 376 n.119 square, 198, 201 73,216 GZi-brjid (The glorious), 624 General Index 917

Haan, Gerrit de, 835-36 and map of route between Amarapura and on Suson chondo, 336 Hachijo, 385 Taraek, 817 Han shu (History of the Former Han) (Ban Hachures, 442 publishes Burmese maps, 690 Gu) Hadong Chongssi taedongbo receives South Asian maps, 609 on astrology and political culture, 88 (Comprehensive genealogy of the on rivers on Burmese maps, 842 astronomical treatise, 518 n.49 Hadong Chong lineage), 277 and survival of Burmese maps, 839, 841 comets in, 527 "Haedong cheguk ch'ongdo" mJ*~tim~1II Han Feizi, 74, 518 n.47 constellation list in, 528 (General map of the countries in Han Feizi, 73, 83, 115 n.63 dilizhi, 75, 76 the Eastern Sea) (from Haedong Hanazono tenno shinki (Autographic record on intellectual climate of Han, 71 cheguk ki), 270, 271-72, 284 of the emperor Hanazono), 365 on map scale and military strategy, 109 Haedong cheguk ki (Chronicle of the Handtke, Friedrich H., 442 on maps from "barbarians," 77 n.48 countries in the Eastern Sea) (Sin Han dynasty. See also Former Han dynasty; place-names from on ch?5nhado, 259 n.71 Sukchu), 269-73, 289,370, Later Han dynasty as precedent for gazetteers, 89 386-87,390 artifacts connecting art and cartography, significance of, 210 n.21 Haedong yojido w*fntiBlII (Terrestrial 139 solar eclipses recorded in, 525 maps of [the country] east of the bronze censers from, 131 as source for Shui jing zhu, 93 sea [Korea]), 312 n.231, 319 n.240, cartography, 40-41, 52 n.31, 80-87, 110 as source of ch'onhado, 262 320 celestial mapping during, 520-29 on star charts, 521 Haeju, 311, 322 city plans from, 147, 148 "Tianwen zhi" (Ma Xu), 521-22, 527 Haenam, 311, 312 conception of afterlife, 80 n.59 n.103 Haeso (Hwanghae Province), 292, 309, 322 conquers Ko Choson, 238 "Wuxing zhi," 209-10, 214,527 n.l03 Hagi Local Museum, Hagi, 468-69 cosmic mirror from, 118, 121 , 737 Hagiography, Tibetan, 634-38 cosmography, 203, 204-5 Hanyang, 160, 162. See also Seoul Haido suan jing (Mathematical classic for cosmology, 118-19, 120, 121 Hao Yixing ~ftf=J, 262 seas and islands), 355 debate about Hetu and Luo shu, 222 Haori gata *tJT~ (halving system), 360 Hai-duo-ng Province, 483, 484 development of fully representational art, "Hapch'on" ~J II (Map of Hapch'on) (from Haiguo tuzhi w~lii~ (Illustrated record of 129 Tongguk chido), 319 maritime kingdoms) (Wei Yuan), development of mingtang, 212, 222 Hara,424 192-94 divination board, 118, 120 Hara Nagatsune JJ.R:Nm, 591 JJ.REL~m, Hainan Island, 46, 64, 198,200, 743 {eng shui, 216 Harame Sadakiyo 408,409-10 Hainei Wpq (within the seas), 261 geography, 76, 92-93 Harbors, 342, 490, 833, p1.4, pl.17. See also literature, 131-32 Ports Hainei Hua yi tu Wpg¥~1iJ (Map of manor map from, 149, 150 Harrer, Heinrich, 653-54 Chinese and foreign lands within map of Western Region during, 199 Harrer Collection, 653-54, 656, 675 the seas), 50, 241 maps found in mausoleums, 77-80 Harvester (lunar lodge), 89 Haiwai W9f- (beyond the seas), 261,262 maps in political culture, 74-80 Harvests, 91 Haizhou, 11 7 n.70 mathematical mapmaking during, 109 Hashimoto Sokichi 436-37, Hakata (), 387 m**a, Mawangdui maps (see Mawangdui, maps 468-69,470-71 Hakodate, plans of, 421-22 from) Hassendo Shujin J\f~¥:±A, 476 Hakodate zenzu *§gg~1iJ (General chart of mensuration during, 98, 116 Hastings, Warren, 607 Hakodate),422 political geography during, 207 Hata Ahakimaro ~f!1L (Murakami Hakuzu [IJ (white or simple diagram), B scale mapping during, 43 Shimanojo), 447 n.364 349 silk gauze from, 149 HayashiJoho 416 Hallerstein, August von, 254, 574, 576 ***m, silk map from, pl.8 Hayashi Razan **f.fLl.!,390 Halley's comet, 511, 527, 538 tombs from, 11, 78, 80, 151 n.67 Hayashi Sensei **)fG~ (Hayashi Haltod, Magadbiirin, 685 n.22 trigonometry and astronomy, 97 Kichiemon), 393, 394 ~~m31[ "Hamgyong namdo" (Southern use of maps in sacrifices, 72 Hayashi Shihei #T~, 444 n.355, 445 Hamgyong Province) (in Tongguk well-field system, 206-7 Hayashi Yoshinaga *talk, 419, 475 chido),308 wine cup from, 149 Hazama Shigetomi ra~*M ,439, 450 n.372 Hamgyong Province Han'guk ko chido (Old Korean maps) (Yi H bon sin (A chart of the universe according distances of towns in, 275, 276 Ch'an),329 to the Buddhist cosmography) (U in Korean defense system, 340 Hangzhou, 62, 539-40 Kalyal)a), 719-20 on Naikaku map, 292 Hangzhou Bay, 46 He Guodong f5J~fJfi, 305 n.209 in p'alto chido, 307 Hangzhou cheng tu m'l\I\IfJ!XriI (Map of He Guozhu f5J~f±, 305, 310 n.226, 312 in Tongguk chido, 308, 309 Hangzhou),62 He Guozong f5J~* ,305 "Hamgyong to" ~~31[ (Hamgyong Ha-nQi, maps of, 502, 506, 507 Heavens Province) (from Tong'yo chido), (China) in Buddhist cosmography, 619 276 on Changjiang tu, pl.2 Burmese conceptions of, 730, 731 Hamhiing, 311, 312 Han River (Korea) as chariot cover, 76 n.42 Hamilton (Buchanan), Francis, 761 in Ch'onggudo, 318 in Chinese cosmography, 212, 213, Burmese maps collected by, 698, 699, in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 214-15 743-52,776,802-11 on map of Korea in Huangyu quanlan tu, painting of in Li Bian's tomb, 81 route maps, 785-86, 788 182 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 728 journals of, 609 n.9, 745 on P'alto ch'ongdo, 303 n.83, 729-31 918 General Index

Heavens (cont.) on Tenkyu zu, 599, 600-601 Hideyoshi. See on Tibetan divination diagrams, 634 on Tensha nansei no zu, 591 Hieroglyphs, Urati, 11-12 in Tibetan mandalas, 612 Hemispheres, terrestrial Higashi hankyu **J3j( (Eastern in tshogs-zhing, 627 on Chigu chonhudo, 314 Hemisphere). See Hemispheres, Hefang yilan (General view of river control) Eastern terrestrial, Eastern ( Jixun), 98 on Bankoku yochi zenzu, 438 Higuchi Kentei (Kobayashi Yoshinobu), 393, Hegong qiju tushuo (Illustrated explanation Chinese manuscript map of, 195-96, 394,407 of the tools used in river works) pl.15 Hills. See also Mountains (Linqing),101 in Fangyu shengLue, 408 on Burmese military maps, 758 Heianja Motodachiuri yori Kuja made Katsuragawa's map of, 435-36 on cadastral maps, 791, 821, 823 machinami no zu zp.3i:!)JX*1LJI Kawamori map of, 379 in late Zhou art, 148 3 I) :f11~~BfJ:MLzliI(City plan of on map by Matsumura Mototsuna, 434 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829, Heianj6 [Kyoto] from rnap of in Yutu beikao, 175 831 Motodachiuri to Kuj6), 473 in Meisei taki, 409 on map focusing on Kengtung, 807 Heianja tazainanboku machinami no zu in Morokoshi kinma zui, 409 on map focusing on Pagan, 805 zp.3i:~:~ffil9m~ tfIfJ:MLZIiI (East­ on Nanban-style maps, 377, 379, 380, on map of area east of the Irrawaddy, 805 west, south-north city plan of 461-63 on map of Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, Heianj6),473-74 on Granda shintei chikyu zu, 433 815 Height, 110, 147. See also Elevation paired with Kawamori map, 388 on map of Cambodia and southern Heij6, 353, 359. See also Nara Ricci's map of, 175, 178-79 Vietnam, 811 Heiko shiki zp.1T~ (parallel numbering), Sanson's map of, 435 on map of Chokpuri Hill, 677 360 on Shinsen sakai zenzu, 439 on map of former kingdom of Pegu, 807 Heilong (Amur) River, 273 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 438, 439 on map of Great Wall, 181 Hei Shui (Black River), 266 on Shukushoji zu, 392 on map of Kang Hung, 793 Heissig, Walther, 673, 682 Yinghuan zhi[ue map of, 108, 109 on map of "Maing Tsait and Maing Heiten gi zp.:;R1R ("planisphere," rotating Northern, on Nanban-style world maps, Pone," 811 diagrammical board), 592 461 on map of Mandalay, 825 zp.7(1j!liJ~~ Heiten gi zukai (Illustrated Southern, on Nanban-style world maps, on map of Pakokku District of Burma, explanations of the heiten gi) 461 815 (Iwahashi Zenbei), 592 Western on map of part of Burma, 807 Heliacal apparitions, 713 on Bankoku yochi zenzu, 438 on map of Toungoo and Yamethin Heliacal culminations, 713 in Fangyu shenglue, 408 districts, 815 Hells Katsuragawa's map of, 435-36 on map of Upper Burma, 803 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 on map by Matsumura Mototsuna, 434 on maps of Amarapura, 823 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 map of in Yutu beikao, 175 on nineteenth-century Chinese maps, 61 in "Rebirth," 628 in Meisei taki, 409 on Pingjiang tu, 141 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 728-29, in Morokoshi kinma zui, 409 on plan for area near Mandalay, 827 730, 731 on Nanban-style maps, 379 on plan of Sedawgyi Dam, 827 in Tibetan cosmography, 632 n.91 on Granda shintei chikyu zu, 433 in Tibetan mandalas, 612 on regional map from Borneo, 776 in Trai phum, 728, 729 Ricci's map of, 175, 178 on route maps, 787 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 Sanson's map of, 435 on rural maps, 819, 823 Hemispheres, celestial on Shinsen sakai zenzu, 439 on secular Thai route map, 785 on "Chidao liang zong xingtu," 570 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 438, 439 on Shan military maps, 756, 757 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Hemp, 350,361,456 on Tibetan landscape paintings, 648 572 Henan tongzhi (Comprehensive gazetteer of on tuang-tuang, 796 on Huangdao zong xingtu, 570-71 Henan), 191, 198 Himalaya Mountains (Himavanta, Jesuit double chart of, 567 Heng ~ (steel yard), 358 Himawun) Northern Hen'ya bunkai zuka (Cartographical study on Burmese comographic manuscript, 732 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, of the important frontiers of Japan) on Burmese map of Jambudlpa, 735 573 (Kondo Morishige), 450 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, Kogler/von Hallerstein star map of, 576 Herat, 648 649,650 Miura Baien's celestial map of, 595 Herbert, Patricia, 692, 755 n.35, 786 n.95 on painting of Vale of Kathmandu, 657 star map of brought to Korea, 249 Hetu 10JIiJ ( chart), 94, n.159 Su Song's star map of, 542-43, 545 213-14,216,222,224.Seea~o on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 on Tenkyu zu, 599, 600-601 Yellow River on Tibetan maps, 671 in Tensha hokusei no zu, 591 Hevelius, Johannes, 569 in Trai phum, 732 on Shinsei tenkyu seish6 zu, 598 Hexagrams, 130, 134 Him River, 646 Southern Heyuan zhi 1OJ~iit (Treatise on the .source Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism, 689 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, of the Yellow River) (Pan cosmography, 619 n.48, 693, 731 573 Angxiao),63 and Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 705 n.15 Kogler/von Hallerstein star map of, 576 Hiden chiiki zuha daizensho (Complete and Southeast Asian cosmography, 701 Miura Baien's celestial map of, 595 book of the secret art of surveying and Trai phum, 840 star map of brought to Korea, 249 and mapping) (Hosoi K6taku), Su Song's star map of, 543, 546 393-94 and Adam's Peak, 736 General Index 919

and Angkor Wat, 695 on maps of northern japanese frontier, Honil r.m~ (integrated), 248 and animism, 701-2 443-53 Honil kangnido. See Hunyi jiangli tu astronomy, 737-38, 740 on Shoho map, 399, 400 Honil kangni yoktae kukto chi to rkt-ilJ! bas-relief maps on temples, 790 n.103 surveying of, 444 Jff1~~WzllI. See Kangnido and cartography, 693 on Tokugawa survey map, 397 Honkoku yochi zenzu ryakusetsu R~U~:tfu and cosmography, 619, 701, 714-37 Hokkyoku ~t~ (Stars of the North Pole), ~1Il~~ (Brief explanation of the and cosmology, Vietnamese, 480 579, 583 n.14 reproduced map of the world) and map on batik shawl, 770, 771 Hokkyokuken ~t~[IJ(Arctic Circle), 408 (Matsubara Uchii), 438 and Mount Kailas, 657 "Hokkyoku shibien kenkai kaisei zu" ~t~ Honma Takao *ralJJ5JtW, 470-71 and Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 ~~:tIL~J'f.c!(lElII(revised map of Honmyoji (temple), 248-49, 289 n.166' and pilgrimage map of Gosainthan and the region of constant visibility), Honshii. See also japan Gosainkund, 659, 661 591 on Genroku map of japan, 399 settlements of on Burmese military maps, Hokkyokuzuban ~t~lIlf& (nocturlabe), on Gyoki-type maps, 369 754 381 n.141 Ino's map of, 451 temples, 693-95 Hoko Temple, Asuka, Yamato Province, 358 on japanese nautical charts, 384, 385, 467 and Tibetan cartography, 672, 673 Hokudo ~tm (Tropic of Cancer), 408 on jotoku-type maps, 387 Hindu Kush, 646 Hokui bunkai yowa (Miscellaneous records on Keicho map, 397 Hinglaj,646 of the northern Ezo region) on Korean world map of 1402, 269 Hinkai zu miWiJ (Map of coastal regions) (Mamiya Rinzo), 449, 450 on map given to Pak Tonji, 247 (Shiba Kokan), 441-42 n.345 Hokusa ~tf!lif.l~ (Story of a on map in Haedong cheguk ki, 272 Hipparchus, 519 driftage to the north) (Katsuragawa on map in Saga Prefectural Library, 399 ZP:ji~pg, 598 n.46 Hoshii), 435-36 n.328, 436 on Matsumae Ezochi ezu, 444 Hiragana syllabary, 405, 406 Hokushin ~tJN (Hokkyoku-sei, the north in Nihon bunkei zu, 412-13 Hirazumi Sen'an ZP:1j:.~, 408, 409 star),583 on Shokoku dachu aezu, 425 Hiroshima, , 401, 422 Hokuto ~t4 (Big Dipper). See Beidou; Big Hon'ya Hikoemon *f¥~~f¥jF~, 409 Hiroshima machimachi michishirube Ji~DfJ Dipper; Great Bear Horinger (Holingol), q ~ ~ l ~ /\( (Guide to the towns Holle, K. F., 690, 692, 767, 768, 769-70 city plans discovered at, 147, 148 of Hiroshima), 422 n.282 Honch?jn chondo ~.7(~1II (Complete map manor map from, 149, 150-51 Hishikawa Moronobu ~} 118m:§: , 424 of the celestial sphere), 576, 578 Horiuchi Naotada fftBpg-a~, 470-71 Hishu Nagasaki no zu He:!1\1'L~~zllI (Plan Honcho zukan kamoku *$)3l1II'iWA § Horizon, 594 of Nagasaki, ), 421, (Outline map of japan) (Ishikawa Hormuz (island), 53 476 Ryiisen), 412-13,414, p1.27 Horology, Southeast Asian tribal, 712-13 Hishu Nagasaki zu He:!1H~JlffiJIIl (Plan of Honda Saburoemon *E8~~~~f$jF~, Horoscopes, 512, 738 Nagasaki, Hizen Province), 476 600-601 "The Horrors of Hell according to the Historical cartography (maps of historical Hong Taeyong ~*~, 253-54 n.57 Buddhist Religion," pl.35 subjects), 92-93 Honganji *1JiF. (temple), Kyoto, 248 Horyii Temple, Nara, 374, 375 n.116, 460 Historiography Hong-du-c ban do (Maps of the Hong-due Hosa Library, Nagoya, 474 of East Asian cartography, 27-28 period), 486-89, 499. See also Hose, Charles, 709, 710, 711, 713 of japanese cartography, 350-52 Thien-hq ban-do Hoshaku Temple, Yamazaki, Yamashiro History compared with An-nam hinh-thang do, Province, 368 Chinese use of maps to reconstruct, 105-6 494,495,496 Hoshi mandaras £~~m (star mandalas), geography as subdivision of, 89 and Bqi-Nam ban-do, 502 600,602 in Ming gazetteers, 188 grids on, 478 n.5 Hoshoin Temple, Tokyo, 374,460 Hizen Province (Nagasaki and Saga maps in published versions of, 478 Hoso (Ch'ungch'ong Province), 292, prefectures), 387 Hong-due period, 483, 485-86 296-97,309 Ho * (unit of measurement), 360 "Hongfan" ~iB (Great plan) (in Shu jing), Hosoi Kotaku, 393-94, 407 Ho Won ~f~, 305 213-14 Hosshin Temple, Obama, 459, 461 Hoa-chau, 483 Hong Kong, 18,220 n.79 Hotaling, Stephen james, 524 Hoang Hfru Xung, 506 Hong Kyongnae rebellion, 329 n.249, 333 Hotan .~ . See Rokashi Hoang- Vi~t dia-du- chi (Geography of Honglu si ¥~IDIF. (court of state Hoten ka *7(:!X (Song ofthe sky pacer) imperial Vietnam), 502 ceremonial), 83 (Wang Ximing), 586, 598 Hoen seizu 1J1iJ£1Il (Rectangular and Hongmun Kwan 5.b3tfg (Royal Library), Hotta Nisuke fftBE81=WJ circular star maps) (Ishizaka 267 K6to (Edo) yori Tokai Ezochi ni itaru joken), 595, 598 Hong'iii Island, 309 shinro no zu, 447 Hoffmann, Helmut, 632 Hongwu ~~, emperor, 246 terrestrial globe by, 468-69 Hofu Tenmangu Shrine, 357 "Hongwu zhangliang yulin tu" ~~3t.~ Hou fu f~H~ (princes' zone), 76 Hogenberg, Frans, 377 MIiI (Fish-scale map of Hou Han shu (History of the Later Han) HQi-an, 491, 943 measurements from the Hongwu (Fan Ye), 519,529 Hojo Ujinaga ~tf~~~, 400, 402, 423, 587 reign period) (in Wu shi xianying Houses. See Architecture; Buildings K6koku michinori zu, 399, 400 zhi),85 Hovsgol-Nuur, grave plans from, 8, 21 Hojo Ujisuke ~tfl*~~D, 399 Hongxue yinyuan tuji (Illustrated record of Hsu, Mei-ling, 28 . See also japan my life experiences-[traces of] a Hu F (households), 196 and division of Ezo, 443 n.352 goose [treading on] snow) Hu Linyi et aI., 195 n.66, 198-99,202 on japanese nautical charts, 385, 467 (Linqing),101 Hu Wei, 207, 212, 223, 224 920 General Index

Hua II (to paint, painting, boundary), 139 Huber, Toni, 634 n.98, 654-56 Huo j( (Fire) (star group), 513, 514, 515. Huaian Prefecture, 496 Hiibner, Johann, 433 See also Antares Huainanzi ([Book of the] Master of Hue, 499,505,508, 786, 788 Hurong liM (mutual inclusions), 114 ) (Liu An), 358 Hui ~ (to paint), 102 Huts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 correspondences in, 209 Hiiich'on, 313 Hwafgu rmJD (broadmouth), 295 descriptions of jiu zhou in, 207 Huidianguan ff~~'g (bureau of institutional Hwang Yop Jiif, district maps by, 320 gaitian theory in, 120 studies), 126, 195, 197-98,200, Hwanghae Province, 292, 309, 322 illustrates limitations of maps, 109-10 201 Hwangjong ch'ok JifiR (yellow bell foot), listing of equatorial extensions of xiu in, Huihui Sitianjian @]@]P]7Z~, 551-52 285-86 527 Huiji yutu beikao quanshu ~ff~[iJ-vm Hwanyong chi ••~ (Description of the on measurement and ideal role of ruler, J~~~ (Reference work of the Ocean World) (Wi Paekkyu), 132 maps of China) (Pan Guangzu), 263-64,265 on use of gnomons in calculating height of 409 Hyades, 534, 548 sun, 97, 98 n.7 Huiyi ff~ (ideograph), 26 Hydraulic civilization, 96-97 Huaji nan ye.~tifHg (difficulty in Hiiksan Island, 309 Hydrological maps planning), 26 Hiilagii Khan, 551 Chinese, 101-4 Huang Di JiW (Yellow Lord), 128 n.l Hulie zongguan gj1fj~1t (commander of of Grand Canal, Shandong Province, 61 Huang Ding, 588-89, 590 n.31 the hunt), 301 in Guang yutu, 50 Huang Shang Ji;&, 86, 87, 545-46 Humanism, 96 of Yangtze River, 61 Huang Zongxi, 223, 224 Humans of Yellow River, 98-99, 100 Huangce JiM (yellow books), 100 in Asian rock art, 6 n.20 Hyegong ;;:$~, King, 239 ~~Jjr:p9} on Bankoku ezu, pl.23 Huangchao Zhongwai yitong yutu Hyojong ~*, King, 337 -*Jt~1iiI on Bankoku sozu, 405, 406, 407 . See Da Qing yitong Hyongse ~~ (shapes and forces) on Boyar petroglyphs, 3 yutu and Ch'onggudo, 316 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 Huangdao Ji3][ (Yellow Road), 529 and Chong Sanggi-style maps, 308, 309, on Burmese cosmography, 733, 736 Huangdao ershifen xingtu Ji3][=+7t£ iii 310 (Map of the stars relative to the on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 explained, 278, 343 ecliptic in twenty parts) (Xu on cave at Powun-daung, 726 and Kangnido, pl.17 Guangqi), 569 in Chinese cliff painting, 4 Kim Chonghoand, 321,323,326 Huangdao nanbei liang zong xingtu Jij]!l¥j on city plan of Fanyang, 147 on Korean district maps, 329, 330, 331, ~t~~~IiI(Twogeneral maps of in Da Qing yitong zhi, 180 332 the stars south and north of the in Indian cosmology, 715 and Korean map of grave site, 277 equator) (Johann Adam Schall von on map drawn by Sherpa, 617 and Naikaku map, 291 Bell), 570-71, 572-73 on map of Sherpa village, 681 and neo-Confucianism, 297 Huangdao zong xingtu Jij][~£1iiI (Two on Mongolian petroglyphs, 6, 8 and Yongbyobu chondo, 280, 342 general maps of the stars relative to on Murgur-Sargol petroglyphs, 6 Hyongsedo ~~1iII (shapes-and-forces map), the ecliptic) (Xu Guangqi), 569, on Nanban-style world maps, 463 279-83 570-71 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, Huangdi zhai jing (The 's 649,664 Hyonjong iM*, King, 337 site classic) (), 216, 222 on painting of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, 5it§~ Huang fu (wild zone), 76 524 Iapam (map in Medici ), 370, 458 Huanghe. See Yellow River in prehistoric rock art, 18 Iaponicae tabulae explicatio, 389 on sankei mandara, 365-66 Huanghe tu 1i1fiJliI (Map of the Yellow Iapponiae nova & accurata descriptio River), 189-90, 197, pf.12 in Tibetan cartography, 671 (Antonio Francisco Cardim), Huang Ming yudi zhi tu ~BJ3~tfuZIil (Map on Tibetan maps in Wise Collection, 652 388-89 n.165 of Ming China), 429 n.305 in Trai phum, 726, 731 Iban tribe, 711 Huangpujiang (Whangpoo River), 54, 55 on tu from gazetteers, 153 Iberian Peninsula 247, 379. See also Huangyou reign period, 548 Hung-hoa Province, 484, 498 Portugal; Spain Huangyu quanlan tu ~~~.[iJ(Map of a Huntian ~!JI7Z (enveloping heaven) theory, Ichijoin Temple, Nara, map from, 363 complete view of imperial territory) 117-23,521,522,533 Ich-Tengerin-Am, grave plans from, 8, 9, 21 (Kangxi Jesuit atlas), 181-86, 198, Huntian xiang ~!JI7Z~ (celestial globe), 530, Icons, 622, 657, 668, 672 199,439 550 Idealization, 148 "Huangyu quantu" ~JJ~1iI (Complete Huntian yi ~!JI7Z1A (Armillary sphere) map of the empire) (in Qinding Da (Zhang Heng), 583 n.14 Idemitsu Museum of Arts, Tokyo, 405 n.237, 462 Qing huidian), 198, 200 Huntian yitong xingxian quantu ~!JI7Z~*Jt£ Hua Shan (), maps of, 63, 66, 67 ~~1i1 (Map indicating the al-Idrisi, 247 n.34 Hua yi tu ¥~1iI (Map of Chinese and arrangement of the stars Iguchi Tsunenori ft:.e, 590-91 foreign lands) throughout the entire heavens), Ihara Yaroku ~,*5m1\ , 445 described, 46, 47, 69 598,599 Iikawa Naonobu t&1fiJ1fI1§", 402 n.230 importance of, 56-57 Huntington, John, 612 n.23 Iizuka Jiizo t&~m-=, 468-69 Korea on, 241 Hunyi i!JI1fi (armillary sphere), 530 Ikeda family, 382 and map by Jia Dan, 46 n.16, 47, 113 Hunyi jiangli tu 1~-Yl~1I1 (Map of Ikeda Koun, 381, 394 n.54 integrated regions and terrains) Ikegawa Sokuro "rtE.J [I~n~~ , 468-69 preservation of, 63 (Qingjun), 245, 246 , 247, 270, 271, 284 General Index 921

Ikomamiya mandara ~!ft!J'§~~m sheng, 357 n.48, 358 (Mandala of Ikoma Shrine), 365 cosmological symbolism in weaving and suminawa, 357 n.82 carving, 19 sumisashi, 357 "Ilbon'guk Taemado chi to"8*m11J~7~ indigenous cartography, 690 sumitsubo, 357 211I (Map of Japan's Tsushima lack of early nautical charts from, 693 on Tenkyu zu, 600-601 Island) (from Haedong cheguk ki), maps from, 697 watarante, 394 271,272 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 zhun,358 Ilbon TaeMyangdo B**8JHil (Map of ship signs from, 13 used at sea, 381 n.141 Japan and the Great Ming), 345 Indo-Pacific peninsula, 746 used in water conservancy, 101, 102 Ilbon Yugu kukto 8 *IfrtBj(~fi1 (Map of la Island (Kikai Island), 388 Japan and the Ryukyus) (T6an), in Cakravala according to Trai phum, 716 Ippitsuan Eisen, 431-32 345 in cross section through Cakravala, 716, Iran, 644, 646. See also Persia 1m Hyongsu #11*, 260 n.73 717 Irie Osamu, 584 n.16, 591 Imari, Kyiishii, 347 palace of, 726, 727 n.77, 728 n.83 Irie Shukei A¥Iflff~, 468-69 Imperial Household Agency, Tokyo, 462, as ruler of Tavatirhsa heaven, 730, 734 Irmao (monk), 390 470-71 Indramayu, 769 Iron, 569, 634 Imphal, 754, 755 River, 656 Iron Age, 7-8 Inaba Tsiiryii W~~i~ (Shin'emon), 465 Inji ui EPtf£1ft (ground-marking instrument), Iron Jar fortress (Ch'orong), 280, 342-43, Inagaki K6ro Wtll*~J.I, 409 288 p1.21 Inagaki Shisen Wtll.:r-m, 410, 468-69 Inland Sea, 269, 354, 386, 387 Iron Pass (Ch'ollyong), 241,243 Inch'on, 307 n.216, 324, 325 Ina Tadataka 1J3"ijg~~ (Ina Chukei), 346, Irrawaddy River, on Burmese maps India 439,443,447,450-53 of Amarapura, 823 BodhGaya, 695-96 Inoue Chikugo no ifL$t1~~ (Inoue of country north from Ava, 747, 748 "bruised art" from, 1 n.2 Masashige), 391 of country south of Ava, 749 on Buddhist world maps, 429 Inro EPfi (portable medicine pouches), 455 of Mandalay, 825 on Burmese map of Jambudipa, 735 Inside-out perspective, 330 military map, 758, 759 and Chinese astronomy, 512, 533 Instruments of Pagan, 805, 823 cosmographical paintings from, 727 n.80 astronomical of Pegu, 807 cosmography, 693 available to East Asian mapmakers, 844 route maps, 785, 816-17, 818-19 cosmology, 714-15 at Chang'an, 533 rural maps, 818-19 counterparts to tu in languages of, 27 at Chinese imperial observatory at j~adhara, 716, 717 divination diagrams, 634 Beijing, 574, 575 Ise W~, Prince, 354 influence of culture on East Asia, 23 Chinese restrict use of, 521 Ise Jingu (lse Shrine), 590 n.31 influence on Tibetan cartography, 612-13 constructed by Jesuits in China, 569 Ise-Koyomi 1J3"~M ( almanac or and preservation of documents, early Chinese use of, 518 calendar), 411 n.260 610 Japanese, 580-81, 592 Ise sangu meisho zue 1J3"~~'§ijpffllJ1f Kalacakra brought to Tibet from, Korean, 568 (Illustrated description of notable 629 lacquer disk showing lunar lodges, places on a visit to Ise Shrine) on Kangnido, 244, 248 526-27 (Akisato Rito), 416 n.275 labyrinth signs in Bhopal District, 13 Ming understanding of, 552 Ishihara Akira EJJj{B}3, 374,460 on map in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198-99 sent from Persia to China, 551 Ishikawa Ryusen EHI1rr[§:, 424 on map of Asia from Trai phum, p1.36 from Song, 541 Bankokusokaku, 407,409 on map of Jambudlpa in Trai phum, 736 from Yuan, 550-51 Honcho zukan komoku, 412-13, 414, Mesolithic cosmological map from, 14 Bundo no kiku, 564, 566-67, 586-88 p1.27 prehistoric maps of, 21 and Japanese cartography, 347 Nihon kaisan choriku zu, 413 n.267 ritualistic wall painting in, 19 musical, 795-96 Nihon sankai zudo taizen, 413 n.267 rock art from, 2-3, 4, 14, 16-18 surveying, 356-59. See also English names Ishikawa Shun'ei EHI~~, 416 n.274 semicircular lines on painting from, 3 n.8 ofinstruments Ishikawa Prefectural Gallery, Kanazawa, on Thai map of Asia, 742 asutarabiyo, 394 459 Thai map of pilgrimage places in, 778-84 gui, 358 Ishizaka Joken Et&m~, 595, 598 Tibetan Buddhism in, 607 heng, 358 Isipatana-migadayavana (), 780 in Trai phum, 741 inji ui, 288 on Yaji chando, 249 isutarabiyo, 394 and Adam's Peak, 736 Indian Mutiny of 1857-59, 673 Japanese, 393-94 and animism, 701-2 Indian Ocean ju, 357, 358 astronomy, 119 n.77, 552, 588 n.27 charts for navigation in, 555, 557 kiri koch'a, 287-88, 344 maps from as source for Kangnido, 246 on ch?5nhado compared with Kangnido, konpansu, 394 and Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 266 kuhadarantei, 394 in Southeast Asia, 689, 701-2 on map sent to king of Portugal, 689 kyuhyang, 208, 344 and Southeast Asian cosmography, 701, in Trai phum, 721 magarigane, 357 843 on Zhang-zhung map, 639 mizubakari, 357 Islands. See also names ofspecific islands Indijck, Hendrick, 391 posuch'ok, 287-88 in atlas of Francisco Rodrigues, 830 Indochina, 18, 198-99 quan,358 on Bugi nautical charts, 834, 835 Indochinese peninsula, 742, 743, 816-17 Shen Kuo and, 115-16 on Burmese cosmography, 733, 736 922 General Index

Islands (cont.) on Gotenjiku zu, 373 Mongolian invasion attempt, 370 n.99 on Burmese map of Tenasserim coast, Jain conception of, 632 on Nanban-style world maps, 377, 379 752,805 Japan and, 368 nautical charts (see Nautical charts, on Cakravala according to Trai phum, and Korean maps in Buddhist tradition, Japanese) 716 256 on Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 439 on Giao-chau du--dia do, 500, 501 maps of, 230 opened to foreign trade, 438-39, 443 on Jotoku-type maps, 388, 390 attributed to Sokaku, 429 n.349 in , 353-54 Chinese Buddhist, 173, 174, 175 Pak Tonji brings map to Korea from, 284 on Korean maps, 297 Japanese, pl.29 policy of isolation, 30 in Lidai dili zhizhang tu, 57 on Meru mandala, 621, 622 political structure of, 334 on map of Asia from Trai phum, pl.36 on Nansenbushu bankoku sh6ka no zu, on Portuguese marine charts, 347 on map of Japan owned by Toshodai 428 quadrants, 394 n.193 Temple, 390 on painting in Samye monastery, 667 reforms under Tokugawa Yoshimune, on maps redrawn by huidianguan, 198 in "Rebirth," 628 432-33 on Naikaku map, 282, 292 on "Tenjiku zu," 375 rock-cut design from, 12 on Nanban-style world maps, 378,379 in Tibetan Buddhist cosmography, 619 shape of, 366, 411 on Nansenbushu bankoku sh6ka no zu, on Tibetan temple banner, 623 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 438,439 428 in Trai phum, 722,726,730-33,736-37 surveying (see Surveying, Japanese) in Nihon shoki, 353-54 in yantra, 781 terrestrial globe from, pl.24 in Sainye monastery, 667 Jambu tree, 716 on terrestrial globes, 390-92, 466-71 in Sungnam, 294, 295 in Burmese cosmography, 724 on Thai map of Asia, 742 on Taedong yojido, 324, 325, 326 on Burmese map of Jambud"ipa, 733, 735 triangulation in, 399 n.222 on Thai map of Asia, 742 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, 725, on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 491 pl.35 Wei Yuan influences views on Isu Islands, 385 Jaora, India, rock paintings from, 14, 21 Westernization, 194 Isutarabiyo l' A ~ "7 C 3 (astrolabe), 393, Japan. See also East Asia; Hokkaido; Japanese leagues, 389 394 ; Kyiishu; Japan mit seinen Neben und Schutzlandern Isutarahi l' A ~ "7 t. (astrolabe), 381 n.141 astrolabes, 393, 394 n.193 (Philipp Franz von Siebold), 441 Italy, 6, 247, 388-90 astrology, 583 Jartoux, Pierre, 180, 181, 299 Itineraries. See also Route maps astronomy, 355,438-39, 580-81, 592 Jata, 705-6, 708, 710 of f)~i Vi~t, 490-96, 497, 498 Buddhist maps based on Chinese originals Jatakas, 636, 637, 693, 721, 722 n.70 Japanese, 422-26 found in, 230 Java Vietnamese, 479, 507-8 Buddhist paintings of Korean origin in, in atlas of Francisco Rodrigues, 830 Ito Jinsai f¥~f=iW, 433 256 n.69 bas-reliefs from temples, 696, 697 *~~k5'fltjr~, Itoya Zuiemon 383, 463 Bundo no kiku, 564, 586-88 Borobudur, 694, 695 Iturup Island, 447 calendars (see Calendars, Japanese) on Bugi nautical charts, 835 Bm~~fltj, Iwahashi Zenbei 592 cartography, 346-475 (see also cartography, 697, 741 Iwashimizu hachimangu mandara ::Eiffl7j(;\ Cartography, Japanese) Lara Janggrang Temple, 695 1frI'§~~~ (Mandala of celestial globes, 581, 591, 595 n.42 maps, 689, 690 Iwashimizu Shrine), 365 celestial mapping, 579-603 (see also administrative, 840, pl.39 n.82 Celestial mapping, Japanese) batik, 692, 770-73 Izaku no Sho, ( Chinese influence on city planning in, 210 geographic, 766, 767-76, p1.38, pl.39 Prefecture), map of, 363 on Chinese maps, 374 nautical chart, 828 W~~, 353 and Chinese well-field system, 205 of Timbanganten, 842, pl.38 W~1lft, 353 Izumi no Takachichi, 367 city plans (see City plans, Japanese) Portuguese use of charts from, 828 Izumi meisho zue fDjj!~J5JTlIJtr(Illustrated colonization of Korea, 314 on Thai map of Asia, 742 description of notable places in on Da Ming hunyi tu, 246 use of gnomons in, 713 ) (Akisato Rito), 416 defeat of China, 344 Yuan military invasion of, 697 doll from, 391 Java Sea, pl.38 Jagatara kaijo bundo zu D5tllfilmJJ:7tJ!rliI extends control of northern islands, 447 Jawi Temple, Java, bas-relief from, 696 (Chart of Southeast Asia), 394 feudalism in, 359-61 Jaxartes River, 646 Jaillot, Alexis Hubert, 435, 436, 468-69 on Guang yutu, 50 Jayavarman VII, 733 Jainism, 610, 619, 632, 657, 733 on Gyoki-type maps, 347, 366-71 Jehol, 786 Jakarta, 768 n.58, 769 invades Korea, 386, 387 Jeon, Sang-woon, 252, 286 Jamal aI-Din, 551 on Jaillot's world map, 436 Jerusalem, 639 Jambiidv"ipa (Jambud"ipa) in Korean cartography, 244, 247-49, Jesuits. See also Ricci, Matteo in Buddhist cosmology, 371 256-59,267-73,284,289 atlases, 104, 195 in Burmese cosmography, 723-24, 733, and Korean defense maps, 340-41 Huangyu quanlan tu, 181-86, 198, 199, 735, 736, pl.35 mandalas, 364-66, 600, 602 439 on Cakravala according to Trai phum, map of on Imari plate, 347 in China 716 mapmaking, 349-50 and celestial mapping, 512, 568-78 and ch'onhado, 262, 263 on map owned by Shomyo Temple, 367 conflict with traditional Chinese on engraving from Todai Temple, 371, n.87 mapmaking, 184-85 372 maps (see Maps, Japanese) introduce solar calendar, 226 General Index 923

lecture on convergent perspective, 153 83, 87, 527, 530, 548-49. See ]iu Wudai shi ~lif~~ (Old history of the n.73 also Jurchens; Manchus; Western Five Dynasties) (Xue Juzhang), 539 limited Chinese contact with, 186 Jin dynasty Jiuyi Shan (Nine Beguiling Mountains), 51, and Ming map production, 138 ling it (well), 99, 124, 205 52 Qing interest in cartographic methods, Jing Ke jffJ~, 73 "Jiu yu deng tu" :tL1~iIl[IJ (Map of the 92 Jing Zheng il&flE, 574 lanterns of the nine ), reception of, 225 ]ingding ]iankang zhi (Gazetteer of Jiankang 167 train lamas as surveyors, 614 [Nanjing] of the Jingding reign ]iu yu shouling tu tL~~%lil (Map of the and Westernization of Chinese period) (Zhou Yinghe), 92 prefectures and counties of the nine cartography, 170-77, 228 Jinghong (Kang Hung), Burmese map of, districts), 46, 47, 69 in Japan, 435 792-94 ]iuzhang suanshu (Nine chapters on and cartography, 347, 376-77, 380, Jingjiang Fu Cheng (Prefectural City), map mathematical art), 110, 355 454 of, 62, 65, 70 ]iu zhou tL1i'l (nine regions or provinces), and celestial mapping, 594-97 ]ingoji jiryo boji ezu ffi$~~~~Ji~7G~lil 76,106,206,207,208,216,269 and place-names on world maps, 405 (Map of the property of Jingo Jizhou, maps of, 142, 195 and Korea Temple), 364 ]izhou zhi (Gazetteer of Jizhou), 142, 195 and celestial mapping, 512, 568-78 Jingo Temple, Kyoto, map showing property Jogon'in Temple, Azuchi, 374, 375 n.116, influence of, 254, 298-305, 310 n.223 of, 364 460 map of Korea, 300, 303 Jingii ffi$riJ, empress, 354 n.30 Jokhang Palaceffemple, Lhasa, 613, 669 and shape of earth, 108, 119-20 Jingii Historical Museum, Ise, 464, 466-67 n.177, 676-77 sources for maps by, 380 n.140 Jingii Library, Ise, 383, 461, 464 Jokyo ~~ calendar, 588 and surveying, 106, 179-85, 185-86 Jingyou reign period, 548 Jordens, J. H. G., 833 Jetavana forest, 780 ling zhou tu fuji jffJ1HIiJMU~e. fori {~H! (system of land division), 349, Jetuttanagara, 779 (Supplementary notes to the map of 359,360,361,364 Jhelum River, 646 the Jing region), 94 Jotoku ~f~ Temple, Fukui, 347, 379-80, Ji ~ (Basket) (lunar lodge), 516, 517, 538 ]in shi ~~ (History of the Jin) (Tuotuo and 386,387,461 ]i -:J\. (Jupiter stations), 583, 586. See also Ouyang Xuan), 541, 548 J6toku-type maps, 347, 386-90, 454, 461, Ci; Jupiter stations ]in shi suo (Collection of carvings, reliefs, 462 ~ Jia Dan .Ift and inscriptions) (Feng Yunpeng ]u (carpenter's square), 98, 357, 358 compared with Shen Kuo, 115 and Feng Yunyan), 11 Judara Shan, Country of. See Cambodia ~ and Hainei Hua yi tu, 50, 241 ]in shu (History of the Jin) (Fang Xuanling Jue (Horn) (lunar lodge), 517, 518, 525 Hua yi tu and map by, 46 n.16, 47, 113 et al.) Jiikai mm ,374,460 on Chen Zhuo's maps, 529-30 Gotenjiku zu, 372, 373-76 n.54 and Chinese astronomy, 513 fun W(commanderies), 76, 238 on importance of text to mapmaking, 113 constellation catalog in astronomical Junks, Chinese, 742, 743 lack of grid system in maps by, 124 n.89 treatise, 537-38 Jun Shan peoples, 747, 749 paints maps, 137 Han shu account copied in, 522 n.72 Jupiter, 185,218-19,514, 600-601 text and mapmaking of, 113 n.54 in Nihonkoku genzaisho mokuroku, 355 Jupiter stations, 209 Jia ~,prince of, 86, 87, 89, 546 number of asterisms and stars cited in, in Chinese "field allocation" astrology, Jiabendaliya (Carpentaria). See Australia 532 589 Jiabi ({1m) BItt, 263 110 preface to tu in, 110, 112, on Dunhuang star map, 534-35, 537 ]iali (Household rituals), 285 113 explained, 515 Jiandao area, 340 sinan che described in, 115 n.63 on Honch'on chondo, 576 Jiang Tingxi. See Chen Menglei, Jiang "Tianwen jingxing," 518 on Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 Tingxi, et al. Ji River, 76 on King T'aejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Jiangnan region, 196-97 lito :f:iQ!ij (administrators), 363 561 Jiangsu Province, 85-86, 496 ]iubian tu tL~1iJ (Map of the nine on Longfu and Changshu charts, 552 Jiangxi Province, 217, pl. 10 frontiers), 246 n.29 on Suzhou planisphere, 546 5!W~~[I] ]ianjie zong xingtu (General "Jiubian zongtu" tL~~1iI (Comprehensive on Ten no zu, 583, 586 map of the visible stars) (Xu map of the nine frontiers) (from in Zuozhuan, 516 Guangqi),569-70 Sancai tuhui), 154 Juran g~ , 160, 162-63, 165 Jiankang (Nanjing), 531 ]iuchou tLma (nine categories or sections), Jurchens. See also Jin dynasty; Manchus River, 72 214 abandon Korean frontier, 298 ]iaoshu lang f5tift!~ (editor in palace ]iu ding tLW~ (nine cast-bronze caldrons), domination of Manchuria, 238 library),87 128-29 and Jin, 83 ]iaqing chongxiu yitong zhi ~~It~~*!tit. ]iu fu :tLij\~ (nine domains), 207 and Koryo, 240 See Da Qing yitong zhi ]iu Tang shu (Old history of the Tang) (Liu as threat to Korea, 283, 288, 289, 290, ]iehua W. (ruled-line painting), 138-39, Xu et al.), 105 292-93 142-43 astronomical treatise, 538 ]urokusei zu +:t\1!ilil (Maps of the sixteen ]ieqi ~p~ (solar seasons), 310 on Chinese expedition to Annam, 533 provinces [of China]), 439 n.338 ]ikken ezu .~kt[l] (inspection maps), 363 and grids, 124 n.89 ]usen Nihon yochi zenzu m~B *JJ.:f:iQ~1II ] guche ~e.m~* (drummobile), 287-88 Jia Dan's biography in, 137 n.47 (Reengraved map of Japan) n.156 on shape of earth, 123 by Nagakubo Sekisui, 414 Jin Fu, 100 "Tianwen zhi," 210 n.24 by Sotani Osei, 414 n.271, 437 n.331 924 General Index

Juxing ft§£ (determinative stars), 525. See Kajangala, 780 compared with Da Ming hunyi tu, 289 also Determinative stars; Stars Kajiki Genjira ~~*~*~~, 470-71 n.166 Kakinomotomiya mandara fm::$:g ~~li compared with Yogyedo, 340 Kabaw Valley, 754 (Mandala of Kakinomoto Shrine), compared with Yoji chondo, 248, 249 Kabo Hyazo 1ti:jj~ml, 409, 429 n.304 365 n.82 completion of, 344 Kabo Sen'ichi ¥i:jjj:-, 409 n.252 Kaku fij (lunar lodge), 597 n.45 copying of, 248-49 Kabul, 646 Kakushu ~¥fH (priest), 392 did not survive in Korea, 343 Kabul River, 646 Kalacakra, 629, 634, 635, 637 evidence of scale in, 284 Kadoya family, 383 Kalacakra Tantra (text of the wheel of time), location of Japan on, 273 Kadoya Shichirobee fij~-t;~~~t¥j , 383 622,623,629,632,635 and Na Hungyu's map of China and Kaemo c~fj! (changing or correcting the Kalapa, 635 Korea, 243 model),284 Kalimantan. See Borneo objectives of, 247-48 Kaesong, 327, 335 Kalingaraja (Kaliilganagara), 780, 782 omitted from Yang Songji's list, 289 Kaga Island, 309 (kappa) (cycle of creation and Pak Tonji's map as basis for Japan on, Kagoshima Bay, 387 destruction),729 284 Kaichureki 11r:p~ (Pocket guide), 370 n.97, KalyaQ.a, U, 719-20 place-names on, 246-47, 249 458 Kamadeva (gods of desire), 716, 718 preface to, 242 n.1. 7 Prefecture, 116 n.70, 154 n.75, 198 Kamadhatu, 619, 621, 625, 626, 694, 716, sources for, 245-47 Kaihin shuko zu $rMtffi1TIIl (Chart of the 718, 719 Kangnyong, 322 sea routes along the coasts) (Ebi Kamakura, 334,411,421 Kangwon Province, 292, 309 Gensui [or Gaishi]), 402-4 n.231 , 362 n.71, 370 n.99 Kangxi m~~ emperor, 195,340 Kaiho Kofu ezu 1mJfEtJJffktfil (Portable Kamata Kyosaikai Museum, Sakaide, on agriculture and will of heaven, 91 plan of Kofu), 422 n.282 468-69,470-71 commissions poems, 153 Kailasa (Kelasa) (Mount Kailas), 657-59, Kamchatka, 200 demands maps of Korea, 298, 299 670, 733 Kamikaze Jfr$i\ (divine wind), 370 n.99 interest in mathematics and geography, Kairiku Nihon d6chu hitori annai #ij~ B/-$: Kamono Arikata, 583 n.13 180 it!r:plla~pg (Guide to the sea and Kampongs (villages or settlements), 768, and Jesuits, 179, 184, 299 links distance to longitudinal arc, 198 land routes of Japan for traveling 769,772,773, 833,pL39 and surveying, 87, 185, 305 alone),426 Kam' m~* (specialists in celestial and 2~1E:tiB!'J(~~ Kangxi Jesuit atlas. See Huangyu quanlan tu Kaisei chikyu bankoku zenzu terrestrial forces), 277 ~III (Revised map of all the Kangxi period, 179-85 Kam'yong ~~ (governors' compounds), countries in the world) (Nagakubo Kani~ka, 641 329 Sekisui), 410. See also Chikyu Kankaiibun (Novel news from a trip around (Japanese script), 24 bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu the world) (Otsuki Gentaku), 438 Kanameishi ~E (stone kept in Kashima Kaisei Dainihon bizu c~1E* n.335 B*-vm1lI Shrine), 411 (Revised satisfactory map of Great Kana 1'qI17j(~, 386 Kanazawa, plans of, 422 Japan), 413 n.268 Kana Motonobu 1'qmr]f:{§", 366 n.83 Kaficanamayibhumi (Golden Earth), 716, Kaisei Dainihon zenzu 2~.IE*B/-$:~1II Kanpan jissoku Nihon chizu rgJt&.~U B/-$: 718 (Revised general map of Great tiBliJ (Maps of Japan from surveys Kanchiizenki $r:pffr!il~, 392 Japan), 413 n.268 published by the government), 453 Kandahar, 646 Kaiseijo ~fflGPJT (Institute for Western J[!& Calendar Reform, 450 Studies),453 Kang Jt (Neck) (lunar lodge), 517 Kanshun ~~, 365,366 ~1fJifi, Kaisei Nagasaki zu 2~1Effi:~1II (Revised Kang Hilimaeng 274 n.111 Kanto region, 247, 412-13 m:ff~, plan of Nagasaki) (Hassendo Kang Youwei 213 Kanyu m~ (cover and support). See Shujin),476 Kanggye, 313 Geomancy; Siting Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu c~1E B/-$:~ Kang Hung (Jinghong), 792-94 Kanyujia !ltt~* (specialists in celestial and tfuImfj~1i1 (Revised route map of Kanghwa Island terrestrial forces), 277 Japan) (Nagakubo Sekisui), 414-15 in Ch'onggudo, 324 "Kaogong ji" ~I~c (Artificers' record) (in Kaisei niju hasshuku zu 2~1E=+J\mzllI French assault on, 314 Zhou Ii), 210 (Revised map of the twenty-eight measurement of polar altitude of Mount ~~~ (evidential research), 104, lunar lodges) (Shiba Kakan), 597 Mani on, 288 105, 106, 107, 126 Kaisei Sakai ezu komoku c~lEmktllIM13 on p'alto ch'ongdo, 303 Kapilavastu (Kapilavatthu), 263, 780, 781, (Revised outline plan of Sakai), 477 on Taedong yojido, 325, 326 782 Kaisei Settsu Osaka zu c~1EtI$*:l:&1i1 Kangnido Ylm!IIl(Honil kangni yoktae Kappa-zuri -g-~~ijU I) (stenciling), 349-50 (Revised plan of Osaka, Settsu kukto chi to [Map of integrated Kapsanbu hyongp'yondo EfI WJ1t~{j!1Il Province) (Sotani Osei), 437 n.331 lands and regions of historical (Situational map of Kapsan Kai shan tu MwlII (Map of the Kai countries and capitals]) (Yi Hoe prefecture), 281, 330-31 Mountains), 94 and Kwon Kiln), 30, 244-49, 256, Kapuas River, 775, 776, 834 Kaiyuan , 549 845, pl.17 Karafune raicho zu Nagasaki zu ~JiJ'd*,~1II Kaiyuan zhanjing (Kaiyuan treatise on accuracy of, 284 ~~1iJ (Plan of Nagasaki with astrology) (Gautama Siddhartha and "Chugoku zenzu," 264 illustrations of Chinese ships [Qutan Xida]), 518-19, 521, 533, compared with ch'onhado, 265-67 coming to Japan), 475 581 n.49 compared with Choson'guk p'alto Karafuto. See Sakhalin Island Xingjing, 528-29 t'onghapto, pl.18 Karpek (black wooden reliquary), 769 General Index 925

Karte vom japanischen Reiche (Philipp Franz Kayahara Hiroshi ~mr.iJL, 391 n.183, 438 data used to compile, 322 von Siebold), 440 n.343 n.334, 466-67,468-69, 470-71 demonstration map in, 321, 322 Karuta 1Jof¥l:* (marine charts), 349, 381, Kayahara Motoichir6 ~mr.Jt-~~, 594 Inch'on and Kanghwa Island in, 324 394 n.197 n.38, 597 lack of printed edition of, 323 Kasan, 313 Kaya kingdom, 238, 239 maps of Seoul area in, 316, 317 Kaseda no Sh6 (manor), Kii Province Kaya River, 241, 243 n.18, 289 "Ponjo p'alto chuhyondo ch'ongmok," (Wakayama Prefecture), map of, Kayan tribe, 710, 711, 713 315 362 Kazak, 647 text in, 327 region, 202 Kazuwa, Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture, map on demographic and economic data, 317 Kashmir, 646 in tomb at, 352 and map conventions, 310 Kasi Shan, 747 Keere, Pieter van den, 380, pl.23 and mapping project, 344 Kasuga gongen e {JB fflJJl,~§ckt Keicho era, 369 n.96, 399 maps by, 30,291,313-29,331,343,344 (Paintings of miracles of Kasuga Keicho JJ!* map, 384, 385, 397, 399, 412, refines Korean mapmaking techniques, shrine) (Takashina Takakane), 357 pl.26 236 Kasugamiya mandara {JB'§~~*, Keicho-type maps, 461, 462 social status of, 343 (Mandala of Kasuga Shrine) Keinen, 292 Suson chondo attributed to, 336 (Kanshun), 365, 366 Ken rs~ (unit of measurement), 396, 402, Taedong chiji, 275, 321-22 Kata !iJ(map), 349, 354,453 403 Taedong yoji chondo, 320, 332, 328-29 Katachi [if (description or map), 354,453 Kenchi cho ~:tlli~ (land assessment books), Taedong yojido, 323-28, 330-31, 344 Katachi fJ~ t::. ts (~) (shape), 349 395 Chido p'yo, 326 Katagiri Ichinokami h~$lE (Katsumoto), Kengtung, 761, 762, 806-7 coastlines on, 320, 321 398 Restoration, 362 n.71 copies of, 328 Kennedy,Vkto~763,842 Katakana syllabary, 405, 406, 408, 410 data used to compile, 322 n.257, 591, pl.24 Kenyah Dayaks, 712, 713 format of, 327-28 Kathiawar, 742 Kerala, India, rock paintings from, 17 Inch'on and Kanghwa Island on, 325 Kathmandu, Vale of Kerguelen Island, 52 Kaesong from, 327 as center of Tibetan map production, 673 Ketu, 600 publication of, 323 Keukn,10hannesvan,I~835 map focusing on Svayambhiinath stupa in, Kim Chongjik ~*Wl, 294 n.179 Ke xing ~£ (guest star), 527 661-63 Kim Ian iiJll3i:, 253-54 n.57 Keys, map, 668, 768, 769. See also Legends, map of pilgrimage places in, 657 Kim Pusik, 273-74, 557-58 map maps from, 609 Kim Sahyong ~±fiJ, 245 Khadirika, 716, 717 Nepali scroll map of, 649-50, 663-64 Kim Sangyong iiflU~, 268 Khagolam (Celestial dome), 727 n.80 Newari architectural manual from, 612 Kim Sokchu ii~~, 252 n.51 Khalkha, maps in, 683, 684 scroll map from, 610 Kim Suhong ~.iJL, 243, 267-68, 327 , 490 on Tibetan locality map, 678-79 Kim Yangson, 237, 259, 260 n.73, 263-64, Khangghin Banner of Ordos region, map of, Tibetan maps of sacred places around, 265 682 n.7 648-50 Kimp'o, 324 Khaya-ichchite (presiding spirit), 20 Kat6 Kengo 1JD~~.g, 447 Kimura Kenkado *t1.~¥:, 436 n.329, Khitans 1Jo~mlE, 439 n.338 Kat6 Kiyomasa 249, 379 and cartographic espionage, 241 n.14 Kinh (canals), 484 Katsuragawa Hoshii fi}lllifflJ domination of Manchuria, 238, 239 Kinh-bac Province, 483, 484 Bankoku chikyu zenzu, 435-36 and Koryo, 240, 290 Kinshima (Island of ), 405, 408 globe by, 468-69 and Liao, 83 Kintup, 654 Hokusa bunryaku, 435-36 n.328, 436 and Mongolian map production, 685 Kiokachin Shan, Country of (Cochin China), Shinsei chikyu bankoku zusetsu, 434-35 on Sino-Tibetan world map, 642 747, 786-88 translations of Russian works, 435-36 Kho (unit of measurement), 646 ~~ffi~cJif, Kiri koch'a §cm~lfi (Ii-counting Katsushika Hokusai 424 Khiin (language), 760, 792 drummobile), 287-88, 344 Kawachi meisho zue 1OJpg':&FJT!iJtr Khyn (subordinate to), 785 Kisaeng, 337 (Illustrated description of notable Khyung, 624 *1i~3i: places in Kawachi Province) Kich'uk eli (cyclical date), 307 n.216 Kisoji anken ezu 5!ktlll (Simple (Akisato Rit6), 416 n.275 Kid6 Library Collection, Kishiwada, Osaka map of the Kiso road) (Soyo), 424 *1i~.:&FJT-. Kawachi no kuni ezu 1OJpg~ktli1 (Map of Prefecture, 474-75 Kisoji meisho ichiran Kawachi Province) (Hayashi 16ho), Kien-khon nhat-liim (An overall view of the (Panoramic view of famous places 416 cosmos) (Ph~m Dinh Ho), 495 on the Kiso road) (Katsushika Kawagoe clan, 385 Kija ~T, 332 Hokusai),424 Kawai Morikiyo 1OJ..g-~m , 477 Kijon (Kyonggi Province), 292, 309, 311 Kisoji meisho zue *tff~ijFJTliJtr Kawamori K6ji 1EJ~m-P] Kikai Island, navigational chart of, 395 (Illustrated description of notable J6toku-type map owned by, 387, 388, KimChongho places on the Kiso road) (Akisato 389,390 calculates geodetic coordinates, 311-13 Rito), 416 n.275 Nanban-style world map owned by, 379, and Chigu chonhudo, 254, 314 Kisoji Nakasendo T6kaido ezu *1iIm · t:p 380 n.136, 462 Ch'onggudo, 314-28 llJ~ • *$~ktliJ (Map of the Kawamura Heiemon 1EJt12p;bf$rF5 , Ch'oe Han'gi's preface to, 314, 318, KisolNakasen road and the T6kai 379-80,387,461 320,344 road), 401 n.229, 404, 423 Kawatani Keizan Jff1§-ltilw , 468-69 coastlines on, 320 Kisong. See P'yongyang 926 General Index

Kisang chando Jt!J!X~lII (Complete map of Kakoku michinori zu £1iiIi!!J!tIll. See on dragon map of China, 221 Kisong), 337 n.250 Shoho map of Japan in Guang yutu, 50, 241, 242 "Kita Ezochi [zu]" ~t~5&:tfu ([Map of] E (unit of measurement), 396, 413 on "Guangyu zongtu" and "Yudi northern Ezo) (in Hokui bunkai Kokugunzu ~WIi1 (provincial maps), 346, zongtu," 188 yowa), 449, 450 349 on Gujin Hua yi quyu zongyao tu, 241 Kitaezota chizu ~t~5&~:tfulil (Map of Kokuryusai ~fi~~, 426 in , 310 n.223 northern Ezo Island) (Mamiya , 780, 782 Gyoki-type maps in, 370 Rinzo),450 Kollur, rock paintings from, 3 hostility toward Manchus, 298 Kitajima Kenshin ~t~J!{§, 433, 434-35 Komai Shigekatsu ~#mOO, 396 on Huangyu quanlan tu, 181, 182 Kitano Shrine, Kyoto, 458 Ka Min yochi no zu £aJ3~:tfuzlII(Map of on Hua yi tu, 241 Kiyu a~ (cyclical year), 259, 260 n.73 Ming China), 429 n.305 in Japanese cartography Kleput doh ("blowpipe of the spirit," Kamai Kairo zU K-I=tS5&~~1i1 (Dutch chart on nautical charts, 385, 467 midday sunbeam), 713 of sea routes), 464 omitted from Gotenjiku maps, 374 Kloetzli, W. Randolph, 715-17 Kamajin fI=BA (redheaded people), 377 on "Tenjiku zu," 375-76 Ko 1C (lunar lodge), 597 n.45 n.128 Japanese invasion of, 292, 386, 387 Kobayashi Ataru IJ\**$, 379-80, 387, 461 karuta zu fI=tS1Jorn::tllI (Dutch Jesuit influence in, 298-305 Kobayashi Gennosuke IJ\**~ZWJ, 447 chart),464 Jesuit maps of, 303 fI=B7~.J1£=IiiJJt~ n.361 Kama tenchi nizu zeisetsu on Kangnido, pl.17 in Korean atlases, 258 Kohayashi Yoshio IJ\**f!~, 594, 596-97 (Explanation of Dutch celestial and length of, 321 Kobe City Central Library, Kobe, 402-4 terrestrial globes) (Kitajima Kenshin), 433 n.316 linear measurement units, 285-88 n.231 Kom River (Ungjin River), 241,243 n.18 Manchu surveying of, 301-3 Kobe City Museum, Kobe Kondo Morishige ~liJjj~m, 397 n.2l0, military strength of, 337 Bankoku sazu at, 405 n.239 447,448,450 and Mukedeng mission, 301-3, 305 catalog of maps at, 351 Kon'en tendo gattai zu on Na Hungyu's map, 243 city plans at, 473-77 i1filllxJ!t..g-mllI (Chart corresponding to nineteenth-century history, 313-14 Gotenjiku map at, 374,460 astronomical degrees), 464 northern frontier Jotoku-type map at, 386, 388 Kong Yingda, 207, 583 n.14 actual lines of ascertained, 310 map of Jambiidvipa at, 428, 429, pl.29 Kong-jo, Princess, 614 on Chosan'guk p'alto t'onghapto, 292, Nanban-style world map owned by, 462 Kongju, 311 pl.18 terrestrial globe owned by, 468-69, Kongmin ~~, King, 243, 290 on defense maps, 340 470-71 Kongo Zanmaiin Temple, Koya, 374,460 on Jesuit map, 299, 301 Kochab (star), 516 Konhatsu :J /' J\ "J (compass), 381 n.l41 on map in Kangnido, 289-91, pl.17 Ko Choson (Old Choson), 238 Konigin der Nederlanden, 834 map of, 301, 302 Kofu, plans of, 422 Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van on Naikaku map, 292-93 Kofuku Temple, Nara, 363, 395 n.201 Kunsten en Wetenschappen, on p'alto ch'ongdo, 304 r::!J:J:l (burial mound), 352 832-38 in Sungnam, 294-96 Koga City Museum of History, Koga, 380 Kono no Sho (manor), 362 from tenth to fourteenth century, 290 n.135, 462, 463, 466 Konpansu :J /' J\ /' A (compass), 394 on unbyang, 295-96 Kogaku r::!J~ (ancient learning), 433 Kontenzu i1fi7(lII (map or model of the organization of defenses, 340 Kogler, Ignatius celestial sphere), 581, 591 polar altitude and length of, 288 and Chinese celestial mapping, 573 Kon'yo zenzu !$~~[IJ (Map of the earth) political system of, 273 double hemisphere chart produced by, (Inagaki Shisen), 410, 468-69 reform movement in, 243-44 567,574,576 Kon'yo zenzusetsu :t$fjfij.~lII~ (Explanation Republic of, Korean map collections in, Korean copies of star map by, 578 of the Kon'yo zenzu) (lnagaki 236-37 Yixiang kaocheng, 595, 598 Shisen), 410 n.257, 468-69 Schall von Bell gives astronomical Kogon, 392 Kopperu tenmon zukai ~UE3m7(3tlllM materials to, 575-76 Koguryo kingdom (Copernican astronomy illustrated) security concerns of, 297, 343 cartography during, 238-39 (Shiba Kokan), 435 n.326 shape of, 288-329 celestial mapping from,S56 Korali Kadar, 646, 647 Choson conceptions of, 295-96 illustrations in tombs from, 558, 559 KoratPbreau,73~763-65,766 modern conceptions of, 295 information about in Samguk sagi, 274 Korea. See also East Asia on Naikaku map, 284 P'yongyang during, 337 added to old Chinese maps, 374 on Taedong yaji chando, 328-29 tomb from, 343 alphabet used in, 24 on Taedong yojido, 320, 324 Koi ~ (romance), 431 astrology, 558 on Shengjiao guangbei tu, 247 Koje, 342 astronomy, 239 on Sino-Tibetan world map, 642 Kojiki r::!J$~c (Records of ancient matters), cartography, 235-345 (see also sixth-century kingdoms, 238, 239 353-54 Cartography, Korean) Son~iokhyang,250 Kojong ~*, 314 celestial mapping, 555-68 (see also surveying (see Surveying, Korean) Ko karuta IJ\1Jog~ (Small chart), 464 Celestial mapping, Korean) techniques of measurement used in, Koke Khota, 684 Chinese influence on city planning in, 210 287-88 Kakoku enkai ritei zenzu £~¥e~.m.fi~lII on Da Ming hunyi tu, 246 on Thai map of Asia, 742 (Map of the sea routes along the Democratic People's Republic of, Korean tribute mission from, 83 coasts ofJapan), 399 n.218 map collection in, 236 on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 General Index 927

world maps, 370 n.100 Kunga Gyaltsen (Kun-dga'-rgyal-mtshan), Kyol *'5 (unit of measurement), 318 Koreki binran biko ilM{f.~~ 628 Kyongdo *~J!t (longitude), 318 (Handbook of old calendars) Kungnyang fiUA (dimension), 284 Kyongdok ~1!, King, 274 (Namura Johaku), 590-91 Kuniezu ~~IIJ (provincial maps), 349 Kyonggi Province, 292, 309, 311 Kort begryp der oude en nieuwe geographie Mountains, 77, 143,265. See also Kyongguk taejon (Great of state (Johann Hiibner), 433 Mount Kunlun administration) (Ch'oe Hang et Koryo, scroll-mounted map of, 241-43 Kun6zan Toshog6 Museum, Shizuoka, 394 al.), 285, 295 Koryo changsong r%.~~ (Koryo long n.193 Kyonghilng (Kongju), 290, 291 wall),290 Kunyu quantu t$~~1IJ (Complete map of Kyon~u,27~335,560 Koryo dynasty the earth) (Ferdinand Verbiest), "Kyongsan" ./flLlJ (Map of Kyongsan) (from cartography, 240-41 253,254 Tongguk chido), 319 celestial mapping during, 558-59 Kunyu tu t$~IiI(Terrestrial map) (Johann Kyongsang Province and geomancy, 278 Adam Schall von Bell), 250 on Andong upto, 334 history, 240 Kunyu wanguo quantu J$~~~~III distances in, 287, 288 P'yongyang during, 337 (Complete terrestrial map of all on Naikaku map, 292 relations with Ming, 243 countries) (Matteo Ricci), 249 in Tongguk chido, 309 siting of monasteries and shrines during, Kuodi tu t3t~lIJ (Map of included on YongHo nam yonhae hyongp'yondo, 279 n.129 territories), 94 340-41 Koryo sa (History of Koryo) (Chong Inji et Kurile Islands (Chishima) Kyongsong, 290 al.), 274,289, 558-59, 560 conflicting Russian and Japanese claims Kyongwon, 287, 292 Koryo University Library (Koryo Taehakkyo to, 443 n.351 Kyoogokoku Temple. See To Temple Tosogwan ~iI*~t5tlllij:~), and division of Ezo, 443 n.352 Kyo sei ~§£ (determinative stars), 584-85, Seoul, 237 on Ezochi zushiki, 448 588. See also Determinative stars; Kosambi, 780 on Ezo no kuni zenzu, 445 Stars Kosei Dainihon enbizu t5tlE* B*1II~1iJ on map from 1785-86 expedition, 446 Kyoto, 334 (Corrected perfect map of Great on Shoho map, 399, 400 Chinese influence on plan of, 210 Japan),413-14 on Tokugawa survey map, 397 city plans of, 400-401, 403, 416, 419, "Kosei no zu" fg£zliJ (Map of the fixed Kurita Collection, Nagoya, 476-77 420,421,473-74 Kiiriyen (Urga), 683 Gion festival, 579 stars) (in Heiten gi zukai), 592 on Japanese maps of fictional places, 431 Kosetsu Museum of Art, Kobe, 463 Kurma (tortoise), 717 Kurmavibhaga, 634 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 415 Koshiki Islands, 388 Ku~at:la Empire, 640-41 on Nichureki, 370 n.97 Koto (Edo) yori Tokai Ezochi ni itaru shinro Kushuon'in Temple, Hirakata, Osaka on Nihon bun'ya zu, 415 no zu tt¥Itrr~*~r1~t~~t~z[IJ Prefecture, 373-74, 375 n.116, prime meridians through, 453 (Chart of the course from Edo to 460,468-69 on Shokoku dochu oezu, 425 Ezochi) (Hotta Nisuke), 447 Kusinara, 779 on Tokaido michiyuki no zu, 422 Kotwicz, L., 682 n.7 Kusmiadi, Rachmat, 690, 692, 767, 768, on Tozai kairiku no zu, 423 Kozanji jiryo boji ezu ~llf~~~JiJm~ktlll 769 n.63 Kyoto University, 351 (Map of the property of Kozan Kusong, 313 Kyoto University Library, 401 n.227, 404-5 Temple),364 Kuwagata Keisai jfKJf~~Jf, pl.28 n.235, 474 Kraton (palace), 775, 776 Kuwagata Shoi jfX~m~, 424 Kyoya Yahee JRm5lA~j, 427 Ku W(legendary male ancestor of the Kuznetsov, B. I., 614, 639-42, 672, 673 Kyuhen zu fLillIJ (Maps of nine frontiers), Shang),58 Kwa Bahal monastery, Patan, Nepal, 664, 439 n.338 Kuala (river mouths), 829 678-79 Kyuhyong ~1iJ (sighting balance), 288, 344 Kubicki County, ( Kwaksan, 313 Kyujanggak (Royal Library) (Seoul National Prefecture), map of, 395 Kwallilk 6¥n (Buddhist priest), 355 University), 236-37, 329 Kubilay Khan, 614 Kwanbangdo lm~jjll1 (defense maps), 236, Kyumo mf~ (scale), 284 Kuhadarantei '1 /\ ->'+ "7 '/ T l' (quadrant), 337. See also Military maps, Kyiishii. See also Japan 394 Korean on "Haedong cheguk ch'ongdo," 271 Kui ~ (Stride) (lunar lodge), 517, 563, 571 Kwangju, 316 on Jotoku-type maps, 386-87, 390 Kuj6 Kanezane, 365 Kwansangdae fi~. (royal observatory), on Keicho map, 397, 399 Kukai ~mJ (priest), 255, 365, 373, 374 305 on map given to Pak Tonji, 247 Kulacalas (mountain ranges), 716 Kwansanggam Il~~ (government on map in Haedong cheguk ki, 272 Kulppang ~ ~ (informal village schools), observatory),310 on map in Saga Prefectural Library, 399 263 Kwansanggam ilgi 6~~B~G (Royal maps of on plates, 347 Kumamoto City Museum, Kumamoto, observatory daybook), 288 n.163 468-69 Kwanso. See P'yong'an Province Labyrinth itinerary maps, 424, 425, 426 Kume Michikata ~*ifHH, 470-71 Kwon ~ (chapters), 274 n.112, 294 Labyrinth signs, 13 Kilmgang san, 24, 241 Kwon Kiln, 245,343,560. See also Laccadives, 742 Kilmho San'in ~~LlJ (~) A. (Indigent of Kangnido Lacquer Kilmho),259 Kyaukse District, Upper Burma, 820-21 onglobe~466-67,468-69,591 Kun t$ (earth) (hexagram), 130 Kyauktawgyi , 802, 827 on Japanese nautical charts, 382, 383 Kun JT (unit of measurement), 240 Kyodong Island, 303 Ladakh, 673 Kuncen (hereditary officeholder), 769-70 Kyoho ~f*map of Japan, 399 Laghman, 647 928 General Index

Lai Zhide, 214 on Thai library cupboard, 737 lack of Lake Anotatta of three Jataka tales, 636 on Chong Sanggi's maps, 311 from Burmese cosmographic manuscript, Tibetan, conventions in, 616 on map of Eastern Hemisphere, 195 732 on Tibetan maps in Harrer Collection, on map of Tibet, 185 on Burmese map of Jambudipa, 735 654 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 on engraving from Todai Temple, 371, Lang 1~ . See Sirius on maps redrawn by huidianguan, 197-98 372 Langag (La-ng), 657, 659 on Nanban-style world maps, 378,461 on Gotenjiku zu, 372 Langkor, 618 on Nihon bun'ya zu, 415 Khmer representation of, 733 Langren, Arnold Floris van, 388 n.163 in preface to Ch'onggudo, 318 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 840 Langren, Hendrik Floris van, 380 in Ptolemy's conception of mapping, 124 on "Tenjiku zu," 376 L~ng-sO'n Province of P'yongyang, 313 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 496 in Qianlong nei{u yutu, 186 in Trai phum, 732, 736 maps of, 483 n.22, 484, 485, 506-7 Ricci calculates for places in China, Lake Biwa, 387 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 492 176-77 Lakes Lanka, 716 on Ricci's map of two hemispheres, 175 in Bon drawing, 624 Lanna Thai maps, 778-84 of Seoul, 288, 299, 312 on Burmese map of country north from Lantian Xian, map of, 192 and Shaho map, 399 Ava, 747-48 Lanyi Xian, map of conservancy works at, on Siamese military map, 763 on Burmese map of former kingdom of pl.7 on Tenmon seisho zu, 590 Pegu, 807 Lanzaen Shan. See Laos use of sun's shadow to compute, 53 on Burmese map of Meiktila, 791-92 Lanzhen zi .~T (Book of the truth­ and use of Yuan instruments, 550 on Burmese military maps, 754 through-indolence master) (Ma on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 on Burmese rural map of Amarapura, 819 Yongqing),541 "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," map of, 808-9 on ch ?5nhado, 259 Lao-cai Province, 506-7 Laxman, Adam K., 435-36,447 in Guang yutu, 51 Laoren ~A . See Canopus Le Hien-tong, 485 on Hua yi tu, 46 Laos Le Hoan, 479 on ]iu yu shouling tu, 46 Burmese maps of, 747, 808-9 Le Lq-i, 481 on Pingjiang tu, 141 cartography, 789, 839, 840 Le Quang Dinh, 499 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 cosmography, 693, 727 Le Thanh-tong, 486, 493 in Southeast Asian siting, 739-40 lack of surviving maps from, 689, 699, military expedition led by, 490 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 741 and Vietnamese capital, 483 on Tibetan maps, 671 on map in Scott Collection, 761 and Vietnamese cartography, 481-83 on Tong-quat map, 483 omitted from Bagrow's discussion of Le Van Duy~t, 499, 500 Lakhajoar, rock paintings from, 4 Southeast Asia, 690 Le Van Khoi, 507 Laktak (lake), 754 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 Le atlas. See Thien-hq ban-do Lamaism. See Buddhism, Tibetan Laozi ~T , 847 Le Comte, Louis, 550-51 Lambert conformal conic projection, 312 La Perouse Strait, 441 Le dynasty, 479, 507 n.231 Lara janggrang Temple, 695 Lee, Chan (Yi Ch'an), 28 Lammers van Toorenburg, J. C., 767, 768 Lateran Museum, 189, 197 Legends, map, 51, 506, 841. See also Keys, n.54, 770 Later Han dynasty, 35. See also Former Han map Lampblack, 724, 789, 841 dynasty; Han dynasty Leguas (Portuguese nautical leagues), 382 Landmarks, 349, 758, 761 Later Paekche, 335 Leiden, Netherlands, 706, 708 "Land of Shades," 709 Latitude. See also Geodetic coordinates; Leizhou peninsula, 46 Landowning, 359-61 Parallels Leo, 549,561 Land registers, Chinese, 99 on Burmese map of Jambudipa, 735 Le Roux, C. C. F. M., 835, 838, 842 Landscape celestial, 529 Lewis, Todd, 656 on bas-relief from Javanese temple, 697 and Chinese mapping, 30 Lhasa on Boyar petroglyphs, 3, 5 on Dai Shin koyozu, 430 as center of Tibetan map production, 673 and {eng shui, 220 in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198 divergent perspective in depiction of, 616 on Japanese route maps, 402 ecliptic, of stars, 538 on Jesuit map of Tibet, 185-86 on map in Japanese tomb, 352 of France, in Fangyu shenglue, 177 map depicting monks encircling Potala on Nepali scroll map of Vale of and grid on ¥u ji tu, 124 palace in, 667, 668 Kathmandu, 664 Ina calculates length of degree of, 450-51 in Tibetan cartography, 609 paintings on Japanese nautical charts, 383, 384 on Tibetan locality maps, 676-77, 678-79 and development of Chinese n.154, 385 Tibetan maps of sacred places around, cartography, 153, 221 on Japanese route maps, 404 648-50 Japanese, 353 in Jesuit atlas of China, 104 Tibetan maps of, 671 and poetry, 158, 163 Jesuit determination of, 185 on Tibetan route map from Lhasa to during Qing, 189 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414 Assam, 660, 661 and seventeenth-century cosmological of Kanggye, 313 Lha sum-cu-sa-gsum gyi gial-yas-khan critics, 225 Korea acquires instruments for measuring, (Palaces of the thirty-three gods), siting configurations, 154 305 624 during Tang, 152 n.69 of Korean provinces, 310-11 Li :ElI! (principle), 136 n.37 Tibetans copy style of Chinese, 648 and Kyoho map, 399 Li ~ (unit of measurement) General Index 929

Japanese compared with Korean, 271 Linschoten, Jan Huygen van, 388 of France in Fangyu shenglue, 177 and Korean geodetic coordinates, 310-12 Liou Bayar, 685 and grid on Yu ji tu, 124 and Korean units of measure, 285-87, , 72 in Japanese celestial mapping, 602 307 Li Shan (Mount Li), 78 in Jesuit atlas of China, 104 and square grid, 47, 59-60, 124, 199 Lishu M~ (almanac), 215 Jesuit determination of, 185 in Tongguk chido preface, 309 Lishui Xian, map of, 91, 92 on Jesuit map of Korea, 303 value of, 42, 112, 114, 143, 327 n.245 Literacy, 15, 17, 26 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414, value of compared with degrees, 108, Literature 415 176-77,185,198-99 cartography and, 106 of Korean provinces, 310-11 Li Bian *1f., tomb of, 80-81 and maps and representation, 131-34 and Kyoh6 map, 399 Li Cang flJ~, 40 n.ll, 41 n.12 in Ming gazetteers, 188 lack of on map of Eastern Hemisphere, Li Cheng *mG ,painting by, 225 representation in, 134-35 195 Li Chunfeng *1$1\ , 210, 513, 538 Liu fOP (Willow) (lunar lodge), 517 lack of on map of Tibet, 185 Li Daoyuan, 93-94 LiuAn lack of on Southeast Asian maps, 841 Li Ling *~, 77 Huainanzi, 358 on maps redrawn by huidianguan, 197-98 Li Madou fIJ~•. See Ricci, Matteo correspondences in, 209 on Nihon bun'ya zu, 415 LiTong, 78 descriptions of jiu zhou in, 207 in preface to Ch'onggudo, 318 Li Xian et al. See Da Ming yitong zhi gaitian theory in, 120 in Ptolemy's conception of mapping, 124 Li Xing Guo, 40 n.l0 illustrates limitations of maps, 109-10 Ricci calculates for places in China, Li Xun *'lifJ, 77 listing of equatorial extensions of xiu in, 176-77 Li Zemin *tl~, 245, 246, 247 527 on Ricci's map of two hemispheres, 175 Li Zhizao *Z~, 174-75 on measurement and ideal role of ruler, of Seoul, 310, 312 Liang Qichao ~~m, 104 n.23 132 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 Liang Zhou ~,*, 267-68 on use of gnomons in calculating height on Siamese military map, 763 Liangtian chi iERR (celestial foot), 286 of sun, 97, 98 n.7 on Tenkyu zu, 599 n.149 on limitations of Han maps, 110 and Yelii Chucai's calendar, 53 n.35 Liangyi mf~ (twin instrumentalities), 253 on scale and military strategy, 109 on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 n.57 and yudi tu, 77 Longs (river mouths or confluences), 709 Liangyi xuanlan tu p.wf~1rjllil (Map of the Liu Bang iU1~ (Gaozu), 74-75 Lotuses heavens and the earth as seen from iU~, 111 in Burmese cosmography, 733 obscurity), 249 Liu Xiang iUrtu, 210 on Burmese map of country north from , 46, 64 Liu Xie, 128, 133-34, 135, 139 Ava, 748 Liao dynasty, 80, 83, 87, 548, 549 Liu Xin iUilX, 133,214, 314 n.234 in Roruva hell, 729 Libra, 539, 549, 561 Liu Xu et al. See ]iu Tang shu in Southeast Asian cosmography, 730 Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 236 Liu Zhen, 77 n.47 on Thai library cupboard, 733 Libya, 251 Liuchao (Six Dynasties) period, 76 n.43, 91, in Tibetan conception of Shambhala, 631 Lidai dili zhizhang tu (Easy-to-use maps of 133 on Tibetan divination diagrams, 634 geography through the dynasties), Liu , 530, 531 Lou ~ (Harvester) (lunar lodge), 517 57, 58, 59, 168, 169 Liu ti Aim (six principles or embodiments), Louren~o, 377 Lidai minghua ji (Record of famous painters 114 Low, James, 699, 719, 796 n.116 through the dynasties) (Zhang o livro de Francisco Rodrigues (Francisco Lowa Shan, 747 Yanyuan), 139, 147 Rodrigues), 828-29, 830 Loyola, Ignatio de, 377 Liexing tu 3JU£liI (Map of the principal Lixiang kaocheng (Summation of Lu 1m (circuits), 85 stars), 541 measurements and observations) Lii (language), 760 Lightning, 11-12 (He Guozong and Mei Gucheng), Lii Buwei, 519 n.57, 521 n.64 Ligor (Nakhon Si Thammarat), map of, 796 305 n.209, 310-11 n.226 Lii Dafang g j;Jjj , 140 n.116 Lodestone compasses. See Compasses Lu Ji ~~*., 143 Ligtende zee fakkel offde geheele Oost Loehr, Max, 129, 130, 131, 166 celestial globe by, 530 Indische waterweereldt (Gerrit De "A Logistics Map from the Reign of Phra "Wen fu," 134 Haan), 835-36 Bat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I," Lii Kun g:t$, 226 Li ji (Record of rituals), 206 n.12, 207 763 Lu Liangzhi, 57 n.40, 170, 193 Lin Zexu **~IJ~, 192 Lonasamudra (Salt Sea), 717 Lu Longqi ~~~~, 223-24 Lin'an (Hangzhou), 541 Longchi jingdu ff~1tH5m1lt (Dragon boat Lu Shiyi, 223 Linear perspective, 153 regatta on Longchi) (Wang Luminous hall. See Mingtang Linen, pl.14 Zhenpeng), 138-39 Lunar eclipses. See Eclipses, lunar Lines Longfu, astral chart from ceiling of Buddhist Lunar lodges, 89. See also names oflunar on bones and shells, 72 n.12 temple at, 552, 553 lodges in Chinese art and cartography, 148-50 Longitude. See also Geodetic coordinates; in Chinese celestial mapping in Chinese geomancy, 220, 222, 226 Meridians on ceiling of Liao tomb, 548, 549 Lingga Islands, 830 celestial, Ptolemaic system of, 526 on ceiling of Tang tomb, 537 "Lingxian" (Spiritual constitution of the and Chinese mapping, 30 on ceiling of tomb at Xi'an, 523-24 universe) (Zhang Heng), 522 on Dai Shin k6yozu, 430 on celestial globes, 522, 530, 531, 533, Lingyanghe, China, 14 difficulty of measuring in Korea, 181 541 Linging, 101 and eclipses, 305 on Chen Zhuo's map, 529 930 General Index

Lunar lodges, in Chinese celestial mapping on Korean cosmic boards,S56 Madagascar, 641 (cont.) on Korean silk screen, 567 Madang tribe, map made by, 709 on chest, 578 in Koryo sa, 558 Madhyamika, 779 diagram of field allocation of, 208 in Samguk sagi, 558 Madrassah (religious school), 769 n.63 on Dunhuang star map,S37 relation to Chinese grid system, 125 Madurai, India, 727 n.80 in early mapping, 578 Schall von Bell reverses order of, 571-72 Maeda Gen'i lW"EE1rtJ, 396 from Five Dynasties period, 539-40 and selection of meridians, 525 Maek D~ (arteries), 278, 326, pl.17 from Han, 521-22, 523-24 in Verbiest's star catalog, 574 Mae Klong River, 742 in Huainanzi, 209 Lun yu (Analects [of Confucius]), 74, 205 Mae Nam Nan River, 750, 751 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, n.7, 516. See also Confucius Mae Nam Ping River, 751, 786, 787, 788 573 Luo (region), 72 Mae Nam River, 745, 746, 750, 834. See on ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 Luo Hongxian, 126,246,284 also Chao Phraya River Jin observations of, 530 Guang yutu Mae Nam Yom, 496 in Kaiyuan zhanjing, 518-19 grids in, 50-51, 59-60 Maeng Sasong~~,~, 274,279 on lacquer chest, 519-20, 578 on importance of grids, 125 Maepraen River, 751 in Lushi chunqiu, 521 Korea in, 241, 242 Maesan. See Kim Yangson from Ming, 552, 554 maps from copied in ¥utu beikao, 175, Maeyama, Yasukatsu, 519, 525, 528-29 in mingtang, 212, 213 176 Maezono Sobu JmllJUtlj\, 409 in Sancai tuhui, 554 possible influence on Jesuit map of Magarigane HER (square), 357,358 in Shi ji, 528 Korea, 303 n.206 Magellanica, 120 n.78, 409, 410, p1.24 of Su Song's star charts, 543, 544, 545 on Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547, 548 possible influence on Zengding Magellanic Clouds, 570, 572, 573, 598 in Wuxingzhan, 521 Guangyu ji quantu, 187-88 Magic squares. See also Nonary in Xingjing, 529 signs from legend of, 51 cosmography on Xu Guangqi's smaller maps, 570 text in, 59, 64 in Chinese cosmography, 203, 204, 212, in Xuan xiang shi, 532 Zhu Siben's ¥utu preserved in, 246 214 in Yuan shi, 551 Luo Yagu f-ift1§. (Giacomo Rho), 569 on Tibetan astrological table, 632-34 in ¥ueling, 519 "Luo gao" y~ffi§ (Announcement concerning Magnetized needles, 115. See also on zodiacal drawings from Tang, 539 the capital Luo) (in Shu jing), 72 Compasses in Chinese cosmographical diagram, 209 Luojing m*~ (geomantic compass), 217. See , 646, 783 in Chinese "field allocation" astrology, also Compasses Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, 612, 672, 589 Luopan mfi (geomantic compass), 217. See 781 on cosmic board, 527 also Compasses Mahamingyaw Raza, 790, 821 explained, 516-18, 525, 526 , 204 Mahan J~~ peoples, 238 in fenye, 223 Luo shu y~~ (Luo River writing), 213-14, Mahasamudra (great ocean), 716 on geomantic compasses, 115 n.67, 217 215-16,222,224 Mahatala, 704-5, 706, 707, 708 and graticule on Ricci's map, 171 Luoxia Hong ~TM, 529 Mahavana forest, 780 irregular spacing of, 525, 526-27 , 106,132,531 Buddhism, 694, 695 in Japanese celestial mapping, 602 Luoyi,72 Mai ij~ (arteries), 278 on ceiling of Naginataboko, 579, pl.32 Lushi Chunqiu (Master Lii's Spring and Mailla, Joseph-Anne-Marie de Moyriac de, on ceiling of Takamatsuzuka, 579, autumn [annals]), 208-9, 520-21 185 n.43 580-81 Lusitanian leagues, 389 Maingkhaing , 739 n.l04 on copy of King T'aejo's planisphere, Liisong, 171 Maingkwan, 747 567 Ly Ong Tr9ng, 484, 490 Maing Pone (Mong Pawn), 755-56, 810-11 on first printed map, 587 n.21 Ly Thai-to, 479 Maing Tsait (M6ng Sit), 755-56, 810-11 on heiten gi, 592 Ly Thai-tong, 479 , 627, 628, 722 on hoshi mandaras, 600 Ly ThuO'ng Ki~t, 480 Makara (sea monster), 533, 539 on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 Ly dynasty, 479, 480, 507 Makuni no Sho (manor), 362 on map from Tenbun era, 583 Malacca, 249 on map on scroll, 596-97 Ma Duanlin, 548 Malay Peninsula, 38, 383 on Seizu hoten ka, 598 J~*,,' Malaysia on Tenmon keii mondo wakai sho, 591 Ma Xu 421-22 1~7j(OOIJ on Tenmon seisho zu, 590,595 Ma Yongqing , 541 aborigine maps, 741 on Tenmon sokuryo zu, 596-97 n.43 Ma Zhenglin, 103 astronomical knowledge in, 713 in Tenmon zukai, 590 Maass, Alfred, 713 cartography, 689, 692, 741, 840 on Ten no zu, 583 n.13, 586 MabuchiJikoan J~mM§M,413-14 chart of maps, 829-32 on Tensho hokusei no zu and Tensho Macao, 404 creation myths from, 702 nansei no zu, 591 McCune, Shannon, 236 geographical maps, 766-76 in Tensho kanki sho, 593, 594 M~c Bang Dung, 485 nauticalchart~ 840,842 on Tensho retsuji no zu, 588 McDougall, William, 709, 710,711, 713 omitted from Burmese map of Ava, 745, on Tensho sosei no zu, 598 M~c dynasty 746,747 on ¥oru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu establishment of, 485-87 omitted from map of Burma and no zu, 583, 584-85 geography from, 499 Thailand, 809 in Korean celestial mapping maps from, 479, 482, 483 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 on King T'aejo's planisphere and copies, Mqch (veins), 481 Southeast Asian map of, 692 561,563-64 McMahon Line, 654 on Southeast Asian nautical chart, 697 General Index 931

on Thai map of Asia, 742 Mao Heng =§~ ,72 n.12 of Amarapura, 798, 799, 808-9, in Trai phum, 737, 741 Mao Kun ~t$, 52 n.32, 82 822-23 tuang-tuang from, 795-96 Mao Qiling, 224 of Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, 814-15 use of maps by seafarers from, 828 Mao Yuanyi ~:lC1~ . See Wubei zhi of Ava, 745-47,747-49,802-3 Maldives, 742 Ma pham. See Manasarowar of Ayutthaya, 796, 797-98, 822-23 Mamiya Rinz6 Fs~g#ml Maple Peaks (P'ung'ak, or Kiimgang san, or in British journals, 690 diary of, 440 Diamond Mountains), 241,243 of Burma and Thailand, 808-9 and Hokuibunkaiyowa, 449,450 Map media. See also Globe construction of Cambodia and southern Vietnam, Kitaezoto chizu, 450 bamboo, 137 n.48, 692, 706-8, 795-96 810-11 surveying, 346,439,440,447, 450 bark, 704, 725, 726-27,766,840 of Chiang Mai, 749-50, 751, 826-27 Mamiya (Tatar) Strait, 439 bas-reliefs (see Bas-reliefs) of coast of Burma, 806-7, 808-9 Manasarowar, 657, 659. See also Lake batik, 692, 697, 770-73, 840 collected by Francis Hamilton, 743-52, Anotatta black Burmese paper, 752, 805 802-11 Manchuria bronze, 36, 37, 138, 587, 657-69 compared with Thai maps, 689 on Da Ming hunyi tu, 246 brush and , 137, 189 of Gulf of Martaban, 808-9 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 181 brushes, 349-50 of Irrawaddy River, 804-5 on Kangnido, 244 calico, 760, 762, 792 of Kang Hung, 793-94 Manchus reorganize defenses of, 298 ch~k,766,789,79~ 817,819,827,841 of Kengtung, 806-7 mapped by Jesuits, 299 clay, 78 of Kyauk Ye District, 814-15 on Naikaku map, 291, 292 cloth (see Cloth) of "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," 808-9 on S6buk p'ia yanggye malli illam chi to, cotton, 610, 654, 655 of "Maing Tsait and Maing Pone," 340,341 cowhide, 833, 835, 840 810-11 on VIa difang tu, 337 n.252, 340 n.252 durability of, 137 n.48 of Mandalay, 798-802, 824-25, on ¥ogyedo,338-39,340 folk art, 696 826-27 Manchus. See also Jin dynasty; Jurchens frescoes, 679, 681 of Meiktila, 791-92, 793 Chinese influence on cartography, 177 furniture, 519-20, 578, 696, 733, 734 of Mekong River, 808-9, 812-13 conquest of China, 298 hemp, 350,361,456 military, 756-59 and Korea, 267, 301-3, 337 lacquer, 382, 383 and military campaign against Manipur, send envoy to Seoul, 288 lampblack, 724, 789, 841 752-55,810-11, pl.37 Mandalas linen, pl.14 of Nam Mao River, 794-95, pl.40 Japanese, 364-66,424 marble, 524, 557, 560-61 of Pagan, 822-23 star, 600, 602 mulberry bark paper, pl.35 of Pakokku District, 814-15 Sumeru, from Cambodia, 727 n.80 oil and lamp black, 789 of part of Burma, 802-3, 804-5, 806-7, Tibetan palm leaves (see Palm leaves) 808-9,812-13,814-15 abstract, 619-21 paper mounted on cloth, 644 of Pegu, 806-7 of Bodhisattva Mafijusri and consort, (see Parabaiks) predating British annexation of Upper pl.33 rice paper, 385, 762 Burma, 752-59, 810-15 and initiation ritual for monks, 615-16 samud khoi (see Samud khoi) of primarily rural localities, 789-95, Meru, 621-23 screens (see Screens) 818-19 rules for construction of, 671 scrolls (see Scrolls) of primarily urban localities, 796-802, sand, 610, 611 sculptures, 696 822-27 three-dimensional, 621 silk (see Silk) of Salween River, 812-13 types of, 612 silk screen, 567-68 in Scott Collection, 690, 692, 699, 743, Zhang-zhung map as, 640 sticks, 709 759-62, 790, 791-95 Mandalay stone (see Stone) of Shan States, 804-5, 808-9, 810-11 and Burmese route map, 788, 789, talc, 827, 841 of Tenasserim coast, 750, 752, 804-5, 818-19 Thankas (see Thankas) 812-13 maps of, 796,798-802,824-25,826-27 vellum, 350, 385, 463, 464, 465 of territory east of Karenni, 810-11 siting of capital, 739-40 wood, 39, 40,37-38, 137, 147,353,464, of Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, Mang (local polity), 496 837 808-9 Mangalore, 642 n.120 "Map of Part of Borneo" (Alexander of Toungoo and Yamethin districts, Manipur, Vale of, Burmese military map of, Dalrymple),838 814-15 752-55,810-11,841,pI.37 "Map of Siam, Camboja, and Lao" (James of Yunnan Province, 804-5 Manipur River, 754 Low), 699 cadastral (see Cadastral maps) Mafijusri (bodhisattva), 633, pl.33. See also "A Map of Siam, North Laos" (James Low), celestial (see Celestial mapping) Buddhas 699 Chinese Manor maps, 69, 149, 150, 362-66 Map of the Five Indias (Yun P'o), 240. See administrative, 74, 75 Mantegazza, Gaetano, 697-98 also Och'onch'ukkuk to of Asia, 198-99 Manuel, King, 828 Mappa, 27 boundary, 75 Manuel, Pedro, 838 Mappaemundi, 203 of British Isles, 200 Manuk River, 768, 769 Maps. See also Cartography; Charts; of burial sites, 55, 57 Manu~ya (Mankind), 718, 719,726 Nautical charts; and specific types cadastral, 84, 85, 86, 196-97 Mao ~J (Mane?) (lunar lodge) (Pleiades), ofmaps of Chang'an, 106, 107, 140 513,517,534,548,571 Burmese, 697-98, 741, 743-62 of China, 198 932 General Index

Maps, Chinese (cont.) of temple in Guangping Prefecture, 162 printed, 404-32 chronological list of, 69-70 and text (see Text, on Chinese maps) problems of access, 351 climatic, 51 of Tibet, 185-86 provincial, 346, 396-400,416-22,472 coastal, 50, 62, 64, pl.4 of Tongzhou, 163 route, 401-2,404,422-26 in Daoist canon, 230 and treaty arrangements, 83 Ryiisen-type, 412-13, pl.27 deficiencies of, 107-8 of Vietnam, 50, 198 in separate sheets, 410-32 definition of, 19-20, 65, 67 and warfare, 72-73 shiji boji no zu, 362 dixing tu, 125 water police, pl.3 shitaji chubun no zu, 363 of Eastern Hemisphere, 108, 109, 175, of Western Hemisphere, 175, 178-79 shoenzu, 362 178-7~195-96,pL15 of Western Region during Han, 199 Shaho castle plans, 399-400, 401 etymology of tu as word for, 26-27 of Wutai Shan, 69, 191, pl.14 Shaha provincial map, pl.25 of examination hall in Guangping of Xihu, 155 at Shomyo Temple, 367 n.87 Prefecture, 143 of Xinjiang, 186 size of, 349-50 from Fangmatan, 37-40, 43, 48, 64, 69 of Yanglongkeng, 155 sugoroku, 426, 427 of Fanyang, 69, 147 of Yangtze River (see Yangtze River) uses of, 346, 352, 453, 454 in foreign policy, 82-83 of Yan Zhou, 93 of world (see World maps, japanese) functions of, 55-56, 96 of Yellow River (see Yellow River) javanese, 689, 690 of Gansu Province, 158-59 of , pL6 administrative, 697, 773-74, 840, pL39 in gazetteers, 90, 91-92 of Yongping Prefecture, 160-61 batik,692,69~770-73 of Grand Canal, 61, pl.5 in Yuan shi, 697 geographic, 766, 767-76, pl.38, p1.39 of Great Wall, 188,189,197, pl.ll yulin tu, 100 nautical chart, 828 of Guangdong Province, 164, pl.13 of Zhejiang Province, 85-86, 156-57 of Timbanganten, 766, 767-70, 842, in Han literature, 131, 132-33 of Zhili, 201 pl.38 in Han political culture, 74-80 of Zhongnan Shan, 193 jesuit hybrid,198-9~202 cosmographic (see Cosmography) of Beizhili, 185 hydrological, 50,61,98-99, 100, 101-4 East Asian, 29, 267, 845-46 of Eastern and Western hemispheres, importance of, 102 Indonesian, 697 175,178-79 of Jambiidvipa, 173, 174, 175 japanese of Korea, 182, 299, 303 of japan, 50 attitude toward, 379 n.130 of Shandong Province, 184 of Jiangsu, 85-86 Bankoku ezu, pL23 of jingjiang Fu Cheng, 62, 65, 70 Korean cadastral, 394-404 in Buddhist tradition, 254-56 of Jizhou, 142 of China, 426-29, 430 of Korea, 50 of China, 267-73, 297 city plans (see City plans, Japanese) of Chindong, 279 of Lantian Xian, 192 collections of, 351-52 of Lishui Xian, 91, 92 in Chong Ch'ok style, 291-93, 297, conformal itinerary, 424, 426 literature and representation in, 131-34 pl.18 diagrammatic itinerary, 424, 426 manor map, 149, 150 in Chong Sanggi style, 291, 297, 299, docho, 363-64 from Mawangdui (see Mawangdui, 305-13 of Ezo from 1785-86 expedition, maps from) Ch'orongsong chando, pl.21 446-47 and measurement, 96-127 Choson'guk p'alto t'onghapto, pl.18 of fictional places, 430-32 military significance of, 140, 142 classification of, 236, 291 Cion oyashiro ezu, pl.22 Ming dynasty, 85, 86 defense, 236, 337-43 given to Pak Tonji, 247 of Mount Hua, 63, 66, 67 district, 318-20 Cotenjiku, 371-76,460 of Nanning Prefecture, 145 in early Choson, 279-88 of Ningcheng, 69, 147, 148 Gyoki type (see Gyoki-type maps) Honcho zukan komoku, pl.27 of grave site, 277 as paintings, 147-53 of Japan, 267-73,289 planimetric hydrologic, 98-99 on Imari plate, 347 itineraries, 422-26 by Kim Chongho, 291, 313-29 poems inscribed on, 160, 162-64 of Korea, 282, 283-84 as political expression, 108 of jambiidvipa, pl.29 literary references to, 297 prefectural, 85, 152-53 of Japan, 410-16 local, regional, and defense, 329-43 preservation of, 230-31 Jotoku-type, 347, 386-90, 454, 461, Manchus order compilation of, 298-99 provincial, 50 462 purposes of, 164, 188 Keicho map, pl.26 military, 297, 337-43 Qing dynasty, 84, 86, 177-78, 183-84, Keicho-type, 461, 462 Pang Tong'in's list of references to, 190, 191 labyrinth, 424, 426 297-98 redefining, 153-64 mandalas, 364-66, 424 provincial, 236, 329 referred to in Zhou Ii, 75 of manors, shrines, and temples, of P'yongyang, 334-37, pL20 and ritual, 72-73 362-66 regional, 243-73 of Rongzhou, 144 Nanban-style (see Nanban-style world of Ryiikyii Islands, 289 scientific and mathematical foundation maps) of Seoul, 279, 280, 283,316, 317, of, 96 n.l Nihon meisho no e, pl.28 334-37 and state security, 73 of northern frontier and coastlines, in Sungnam style, 291, 293-98, 303 stone, 46 443-53 survival of, 343-44 and system of documentation, 74 of paddy fields, 346, 359-61,456-57 and text, 332 of Taiwan, 198 on personal objects, 455 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, pl.19 General Index 933

wheel maps of ch'6nhado tradition, geographical, 741 inventory of items in tomb at, 151 n.67 256-67 of Hai-dtrang, 483 n.22 maps from Yang Songji's list of, 283, 288-89, 345 of Kinh-bac, 483 n.22 accuracy of, 54 n.36 Lanna Thai, 778-84 of LC;lng-san, 483 n.22 compared with Horinger maps, 150-51 Laotian,689,69~741 of Thai-nguyen, 483 n.22 described, 40-46, 69 Malaysian used by French, 506-7 garrison map, 44, 45, 51, 54, 69, aborigine maps, 741 world (see World maps) 147-48, 150-51, pl.8 chart of, 829-32 , 318 importance of text, 64 geographical maps, 766-76 Marble, 524, 557, 560-61 interpretation of, 48 nautical charts, 840, 842 Marine charts. See Nautical charts lack of interest in, 231 mental, 614, 709, 737-40 Markham, Donna, 778 map of walled city, 41 military (see Military maps) Mars, 218-19 modes of representation on, 55 by Ortelius, 171, 172 Marsden, William, 837-38 Pei Xiu's characterization of, 110 prehistoric, 4, 6-14,20,21-22 Marshall Islands, 828 production of, 137 resource, 75 Marshes, 141 scale of, 43, 46, 54 route (see Route maps) Martaban, 737, 750, 752, 816-17 and surveying, 52 n.31 Siamese, 763-66 Mashhad, 644, 646 topographic map, 42, 43, 52 Southeast Asian Maspero, Henri, 478 use of signs, 51, 52 of countries and regions, 743-76, Masuda Taro ~EE*tlB, 462 variable perspective on, 147 810-15 Mathematics. See also Quantification silk gauze from, 149 of domains of sultan of Pontianak in and cartography, 96 n.l, 108,844-45 wine cup from, 149 Kalimantan, 697, 774, 775-76 Chinese history of, 111 Mazad, 646 forms of, 741 Chinese rediscovery of, 105 Me JID1 (arteries), 278 graduated circle, 793, 794 and hydraulic civilization, 97 Measurement. See also Mensuration; of Korat Plateau and adjoining areas of during Ming, 552 n.210 Surveying Siam, 763-65 Matsubara Uchii tlJJj{:fi"1rfl (Matsubara Chinese government interest in, 96-101 lack of before sixteenth century, 689 josui),438 and Chinese maps and text, 96-127 of Ligor, 796 n.116 Matsuda Denjiiro tlEE1$+tlB, 450 and cutting of canal, 101 Rodrigues map, 689-90, 697 Matsuda Sadahei tlEEJEZP:, 402 n.230 geodetic, 288 by Sakai aborigines, 697 Matsudaira Sadanobu tlZP:5E1§", 434 and ideal Han ruler, 132 and text, 845-46 Matsudaira Tadaakira tlZP:J~,BA, 447 n.364 in japanese mathematical textbooks, 355 star (see Star maps) Matsudaira Terutsuna tlzp.*,~, 385, 466 in japanese surveying, 396 Thai Matsumae, Genroku map of, 444 n.354 kiri koch'a and, 155, 287-88 of Asia, 741-43 Matsumae chizu tliWt~[iJ (Map of Korean techniques of, 287-88 compared with Burmese maps, 689 Matsumae) (Kato Kengo), 447 kyuhy6ng and, 288, 344 of Ligor, 796 n.116 Matsumae clan not regarded as essential to map, 188 "Map of Siam, Camboja, and Laos," conducts survey of Sakhalin, 447 posuch'6k, 287-88 699 and control of northern islands, 447 required to produce Yu ji tu, 48 military, 699 and Hokkaido, 444 Shen Kuo's tools for, 115-16 multifolio folding map, 699 map by, 397 n.211, 399, 400, 445 sun and shadow in, 97 and pilgrimage places in India, 778 Tokugawa survey map by, 397 on Tang map of Chang'an, 106 secular route L~ap, 784-85 Matsumae Ezochi ezu tliW~~t~~1IJ and text, 113-17 Tibetan, 607-85 (Map of Matsumae and Ezochi), tools of, 101, 102 conventions for, 616-17 444,444-45 n.355 units of geographic, 609, 614, 638-70 Matsumiya Toshitsugu (Kanzan), 394,587 bu (Chinese), 36,228, 312 n.230 in Harrer Collection, 653-54 Matsumoto Dado tl*~B¥:, 383 n.150 bu (Japanese), 403, 419 pilgrimage and other route maps, Matsumura Mototsuna tltf:ltK:IMJ Burmese leagues, 748, 803 656-61 (Matsumura Genko), 433, 434 byo, 597 n.45 plans of towns, monasteries, and other Matsuo Shrine, Kyoto, 363 chang, 285 small localities, 661-70 Matsura Shigenobu tloo~1§", 371 chi, 36, 97, 143,285, 312 preservation of, 610 Matsushita Kenrin tl~~** ,407, 409 cho, 359,360, 384 n.154 regional, 644, 645, 646-56 Matsuura Historical Museum, Hirado, ch'6k, 285, 287, 342 of sacred places around Lhasa and , 394 n.193 ch'on, 285,286 n.147 Kathmandu, 648-50 Matsuzaki engi emaki tl~7(ffi$~m choryegi ch'6k, 286 scarcity of, 638 ~~ (Painted scroll of the origin of chuch'6k, 285, 286, 287, 288 Sino-Tibetan, 609-10, 614 the Matsuzaki Shrine), 357 cun, 97, 112, 527 in Wise Collection, 650-53 Maung Maung Tin, U, 756 n.36, 789 n.99, dain, 748, 803 world maps, 610, 614, 638-46, 671 798 n.117 do, 583, 597 n.45 topographic (see Topographic maps, and plan of king's apartments, 800 du,522,583 Chinese) and preservation of Burmese maps, 692, fen, 42, 112, 530 Vietnamese 743,839 fun, 597 n.45 of DC;li Nam, 497, 499-507, 508 Mawangdui gavuddhas, 779, 782 of DC;li Vi~t, 481-90 information on astronomy from geng, 53 n.33 of embassy to China, pl.30 excavations at, 521 ho,360 934 General Index

Measurement, units of (cont.) on Laotian route map, 789 of sun, 181 hwangjong ch'ok, 285-86 on maps in Scott Collection, 761, 762 and Tang astronomical survey, 123 Japanese leagues, 389 omitted from map of Thailand, Laos, and on Ten no zu, 583, 586 ken, 396,402,403 Cambodia, 809 on Tensho hokusei no zu and Tensho kho, 646 on regional map in National Library of nansei no zu, 591 koku, 396, 413 Thailand, 766 Mermaids, 7.42 kun,240 Shan map of area around, 812-13 Meru, Mount. See Mount Meru; Mount kyol, 318 on Siamese military map, 763, 765 Sumeru Ieguas, 382 Memorials, Chinese, 101-2 Meru mandalas, 621-23 Ii (see Li) Menashi-kuro (eastern people), 444 Meshima, 388 liangtian chi, 286 n.149 Mencius (Mengzi), 71 n.l, 205, 212, 263, Mesolithic era, 3, 14 linear, Korean, 285-88 518 n.47 Meteors, 88, 89, 530, 557, 558 Lusitanian leagues, 389 Mengzi, 358 Metsamor, prehistoric astronomical paengnich'ok, 307,308, 310, 311 Mengxi bitan (Brush talks from Dream observatory at, 12 po,285,287,311 Brook) (Shen Kuo), 83, 114, 115, Metteya (Maitreya), 722 p'obaek ch'ok, 286 136-37, 525 n.94 "Mhineloonghee Forest," 818-19 p'un, 285 Mengzi. See under Mencius Mi Youren *:i[1=, 163-64 qiujidu, 525 Menri monastery, Tsang Province, Tibet, Middleworld, 704, 705, 707, 708, 712 ren, 143 678-79 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 327 ri (Japanese), 346, 384 n.154 Mensuration. See also Measurement Mieu (spirit cults), 484 ri (Korean), 285 in Chinese literature, 134 Mihashi Chokaku =m~"J~ (Nakane sens, 736 in early Choson, 279-88 Genran),409-10 , 402,403,598 and fiscal policy, 98-99 Miki Ikkosai =*-7'tff, 470-71 shichi, 286 n.149 during Han, 98 Milarepa (Mi-Ia-ras-pa), 637 n.l03 sik, 287 lack of specialists in, 87 Military installations sok, 318 mentioned in Han literature, 131 in Binh-nam do, 493 sun, 346, 598 Shen Kuo's use of, 115-17 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 797, 798 tas, 799, 801 techniques, 108 on Burmese military maps, 754, 758, 759 tsubo, 360 and well-field system, 205-6 in Ch'onggudo, 318, 324 was, 736, 782 Mental maps, 614, 709, 737-40 yingzao chi, 312 n.230 Ch'orong, 342-43 Merbabu volcano, 773, pl.39 on city plan of Mandalay, 825, 827 yojanas, 729, 782 Mercator, Gerardus, 405, 406 yongjo ch'ok, 286 in Guang yutu, 51 on "Hamgyong namdo," 308 zhang, 97, 112,530 and maps showing Rangaku influence, Zhou foot, 287, 312 on Japanese map of Seba County, 395 441,442 n.346, 443 on Kim Chongho's maps, 321 zongshu chi, 312 n.230 and maps in Xinyi xiang fayao, 543 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 using polar altitude, 288 Nanban maps using, 377, 380,462-63, and water conservancy, 98-99 on Lady Zhao's map, 142 pl.23 and Yu gong diyu tu, 112 in Le atlas, 485 used for maps in Haiguo tuzhi, 193 Meaxuma Island, 388 on map of Cao-bang, 488 Mercury (metal), 520 Mecca, 646 on map of Great Wall, 181 Mercury (planet), 78-79, 81,218-19 Medicine, and geomancy, 222 on map of Ml;1c-ma fortress, 488 Mergui, 747, 750, 752 Medici papers, Gyoki-type map in, 370 on maps of Burma, 813, 815 Meridians. See also Longitude; Prime Mediterranean Sea, 246, 247, 248, 266 meridians on maps used as sources for yudi tu, 77 Me Hsa Kun, 761 in Chinese astronomy, 525 on Mawangdui maps, 41, 147-48, 150-51 Mei Wending, 226 on Naikaku map, 292 Meiji period, 599 converging, 184 in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198, 199,202 on painting of Shigatse, 669 Meiktila, Burma, maps of, 791-92, 793 on Pingjiang tu, 141 BA$fMj~c in Da Qing yitong zhi, 106 Meisei ti5ki (Account of the Ming- on Pukkwan Changp'a chido, 302 Qing war) (Maezono Sobu), 409 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 on Susan chondo, 336 Mekong Delta, 493-94 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 181 on Taedong yojido, 325-26 Mekong River on ]usen Nihon yochi zenzu, 414 n.271 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 491, 492 on Bugi nautical charts, 834 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414 Burmese map centered on, 808-9 on Korean terrestrial globe, 251 on Tibetan map of Tsa-ri region, 656 on Burmese map of Ava, 745, 746 lack of on Chinese version of Jesuit map on Tibetan maps in Harrer Collection, on Burmese map of central Yunnan of Qing empire, 183, 184 654 Province, 805 lack of on Chong Sanggi's maps, 311 in Tongguk chido, 309 on Burmese maps centered on Chiang omitted from "Sansen yochi zenzu," 408 on Vietnamese maps used by French, 507 Mai, 750, 751 on Ortelius's map, 172 on Wanli haifang tu, 64 on Burmese route maps, 786, 787, 788 Ptolemy and, 849 in Yoji toso, 329 on Dqi-Man quoc-do, 496, 498 P'yongyang as, 312-13 on YongHo nam yonhae hyongp'yondo, in Dqi-Nam nhtit-thong du--do, 505 on Ricci's world maps, 172 342 in Dqi-Nam quoc cu-ang-gi6i v~-bien [or Seoul as, 311-12 Military maps vung-bien],506 on Son'gi okhyong, 250 Burmese on Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 and star observations, 713 of Ayutthaya, 797-98 General Index 935

for campaign against Manipur, 752-55, as climax of traditional Chinese Mizubakari ~~ (water level), 357 810-11 cartography, 57 n.40 Mizukuri Shago. See Mitsukuri Shago of Lao region of Korat Plateau, 697 compasses from, 115 Mo Zi ~-T, 518 n.47 from reign of King Mindon, 756-59 conception of China during, 267 Moats, 62, 400 of Shan territories, 755-56, 757, criticism of Western cosmography, 226 Mogami Tokunai ~J:.1!17'J, 440, 445, 447 812-13 development of intellectual discourse, Moji ga Seki, 369 of Toungoo and Yamethin districts, 104-5 Moksa, 715 814-15 development of marine mapping, 94 Moluccas, 689, 830 Chinese, 72-73, 82 empire on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171, (estuaries), 484, 485 garrison map, 44, 45, 51, 54, 69, 172-73 Monarchy, and Southeast Asian 147-48, 150-51,pI.8 European influence on cartography, 170 cosmography, 728 Korean, 297, 329-43, 337-43 fish-scale or cadastral map, 85, 86 Monasteries lack of in Southeast Asia, 698, 700 huntian theory, 120 Burmese Siamese, 763-65 lack of graticules on maps, 177 Ananda, 696 n.25, 722 n.70 Thai, 699 Manchu overthrow of, 267, 298, 337 Shwenandaw, 798 three-dimensional, 82 map of Great Wall from, pl.11 Taung Lay None, 798, 799 Military strategy, map scale and, 109 map of Hua Shan, 63, 66 on Burmese map of Amarapura, 798,823 Milky Way planisphere from, 576, 578 on city plan for Mandalay, 801 on celestial globes, 531, 591 population records, 100 cosmographic maps found in, 842 in Chinese astronomy, 516 provinces of on later Korean maps, Indian on Chinese celestial maps 267-68,269 Jain, 610 on ceiling of Northern Wei tomb, pl.31 quantitative cartography, 57 Nigodaharam, 780 Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, relations with Koryo kingdom, 243 Nigodhasitaraim, 780 570-71,572,573 use of variable scale, 144 Pubbarama, 780 Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 use of Yuan instruments during, 550 on map of Gyantse, 677 ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 woodblocks used in map production, 138 on map of Tusaltci Gung Banner, 684 from Ming, 552, 554 Ming shi (History of the Ming) (Zhang on maps of Mandalay, 825 omitted from Su Song's star maps, 543 Tingyu et al.), 120 n.78, 193 on pilgrimage map of Mount Kailas, 658 silk painting from tomb at Gaochang, Mingtang EJA¥: (bright or luminous hall), Thai, 722 531-32 206,211,212-13,217,222,223, Tibetan Suzhou planisphere, 546 224 n.97, 278 Alchi, 680-81 in Tang histories, 538 Ming Wanli jiu yulin tuce (Fish-scale Buddhist, 610 Xu Guangqi's smaller maps, 570 map register of the ninth year of Chimre, 615 on Ch'onsang yolch'a punyajido (King the Ming dynasty's Wanli reign Chinese treatment of, 611 T'aejo's planisphere), 561, 563, period),85 Drepung, map of, 666, 668 Minh-m~ng Ganden, sand mandala at, 611 565,567,586 emperor, 499, 502 on geographic maps, 612 on Japanese celestial maps Minkhaung II, King, 753 Guita-bahil, 610, 678-79 first printed map, 587 n.21 , 162, 163 n.80 Kwa Bahal, 644, 678-79 map from Tenbun era, 583 Mino no Okimi-='mf.:r., 354 , 162, 163 n.80 maps hung in courtyards of, 657, 664 from Ryukyu Islands, 603 Min-Yue (kingdom), 109 Menri, 678-79 on scroll, 594, 596-97 Mir Izzet Ullah, 652 Narthang, 612 Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 Mirrors, 118, 121, 537 Nechung, divination diagram at, 634 in Tenkei wakumon chukai zukan, 591 Mirzapur, rock paintings from, 2, 17 Odantapuri, 664, 672 in Tensho kanki sho, 593 Missionaries. See Jesuits; Ricci, Matteo and opening of Tibet to tourists, 656 Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu no Mithila (Mithilanagara), 777, 780, 781 Palchor, 676-77 zu,583 Mito clan, 382, 383, 386 paubhas in courtyards of, 656 in Trai phum, 732 Mitsui Library, Tokyo plans of, 661-70 Mills, J. V. G., 188 city plans of Edo in, 400-401 n.226, 402, Samye, 649,651,664, 665,667,672, Minak~i Temple, 727 n.80 472 680-81 Minamoto Mitsusuke ~~flJJ, 247 city plans of Kyoto and Osaka in, 473, Tashilunpo, 635, 637, 668, 669 Minamoto no Shitago, 357 475 at Tinkar, 659 n.161 ~*ji~J1, 395 Japanese nautical chart owned by, 465 Traktok, 680-81 Minangkabau peoples, 701 Mitsukuri Shogo ~{'P1!;fJft, 440, 441, 442, Yeriigel-i dayayaysan siimee, 684 Minarets, 646 468-69,470-71 Zhwa-Iu, 634 n.98 Mindanao, sultan of, 837 Miura Baien -='mifil$ , 595 on Tibetan maps, 649, 651, 652, 656 Mindon, King, 692,739, 756, 789 n.97, 798 Miyagi Kazunami '§~fDm, 401-2 n.230 Monca-pat (traditional Hindu-Javanese Ming I3A (Han emperor), 77 n.47 Miyagi Prefectural Library, , 404-5 pattern), 772, 773 Ming dynasty. See also Da Ming yitong zhi; n.235 Money, 240 Sancai tuhui Miyako meisho zue WijpffliI1f (Illustrated Mongkut, Prince, 698 n.37 administrative organization, 267 description of notable places in Mong Mau, 761 cartography, 35 Kyoto) (Akisato Rita), 416 Mongmyoksan (Namsan), 336 celestial mapping, 549-55, 568, 574-78 Miyoshi Yukiyasu -=-~1Tm, 370 n.97 Mongolia changes to xiu during, 525 Mizar, 540 attempts to invade Japan, 370 n.99 936 General Index

Mongolia (cont.) in Tibetan cosmography, 621 Han maps, 110 cartography, 673, 682-85 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 Horinger manor map, 150 graves from, 8, 9, 10, 13, 19 in Trai phum, 721-22, 738 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 181, 184, 185 on "Guangyu zongtu" and "Yudi in vertically arrayed universe, 719 Hua yi tu, 46 zongtu," 188 on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 huidianguan conventions for, 197-98, in Huangyu quanlan tu, 181 on Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, 252 200 map of Shambhala from, 632 n.89 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 Jiu yu shouling tu, 46 on map at Sh6myo Temple, 367 n.87 Moreira, Ignacio, 347, 376 n.121, 389 n.165 Lady Zhao's map, 142 not in Gujin tushu jicheng, 184 Mori Kaan ~~*, 415,464 Mawangdui maps, 41, 51, 55, 148, 151 petroglyphs in, 6-8 Mari Museum, Hafu, 470-71 mural of Wutai Shan, 152 prehistoric maps of, 21 Moriya, 780, 781 in Shaanxi tongzhi, 189 rock art from, 2, 3, 18 Morokoshi kinmo zui ]g±wll~liI# in Shui jing zhu, 94 on Zhu Siben's Yutu, 126 (Illustrated encyclopedia of China) sources for yudi tu, 77 Mongolian State Archive, Ulan Bator, 682 (Hirazumi Sen'an), 408, 409 "Tang Yixing shan he liangjie tu," 59 Mongols (Yuan), 238, 240, 290 Moroto peninsula, 387 tenth-century Chinese burial site map, Mong Pawn, 810-11 Morshead, Henry T., 654 55 Monkeys, 500, 798. See also Animals Mortier, Cornelis, 434, 435, 436 Wangchuan tu, 151 Monks Mortuary cults, 693, 702-10, 840 in Yinghuan zhilue, 108 construction of mandalas, 611, 615-16, Mostaert, Antoine, 685 in "Yu gong," 112 671 Motifs. See Patterns Yu ji tu, 47 copy map of Amarapura, 798, 799 Motoki Ryaei **~7k, 433-34 "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 on map of Jokhang palace, 677 Motoki Seiei **lE~, 439 correlations of in Chinese geomancy, on map of Potala, 667 Mounds, Japanese burial, 352-53,356-57, 218-19 on pilgrimage map of Mount Kailas, 659 579,580-81,602 on East Asian planimetric maps, 29 Monme ~ (unit of silver), 382, 383 Mountain of the South (Nam So-n), 479 in geomancy, 220, 278 Monmu 3tft\:, emperor, 368 Mountains. See also Hills; and names of in Indian cosmology, 714, 715, 716 Mont Bego, petroglyphs from, 12 specific mountains on Japanese maps Months, 527, 622. See also Calendars artificial, built by Vietnamese kings, 479 Kyoh6 map, 399 Moon. See also Lunar lodges as axis mundi, 706 n.20 Naikaku map, 282, 284, 291 in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 bronze censers representing, 131 haozhang shi records movements of, 88 shiji haji no zu, 362 on Buddhist cosmography, 726, 727 survey maps, 395 on Burmese Cakkavala, 727 n.77, p1.35 in Buddhist cosmology, 371 in Burmese cosmography, 725 in Takamatsuzuka, 579 on Burmese maps "Tenjiku zu," 376 on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 of Amarapura, 819 in Chinese astrology, 512 n.ll in Korean folklore, 235 of Ava, 745 and Chinese lunar lodges, 517 on Korean maps, 221 cosmographic, 727 n.77, 733, pl.35 on Chinese pottery, 11 on Andong upto, 330, 334 drawn by Sherpa, 617 on ch~anhado, pl.16 of China, 268 of Gulf of Martaban, 809 in cosmological map on drum, 14 n.59 in Ch ~ anggudo, 318, 322-23 of Kyauk Ye District, 815 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 Chong Sanggi-style, 309 of "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," 809 earth's, 185 ch~onhado, 259,263, pl.16 of Mandalay area, 813 and fenye, 208 "Chunggukto," 269 military maps, 754 in Five Dynasties histories,S39 Kangnido, pl.17 of Nam Mao River, 794 in Huainanzi, 209 Kim Chongho's maps, 321 of part of Burma, 807 and huntian theory, 118-19 of Korea, 236, 289 in Indian cosmology, 714 route maps, 787, 817 of Salween River, 813 from Korean tribute mission, 83 Jin observations of, 530 scroll-mounted map of Koryo, 241, 243 Jupiter's, 185 in Scott Collection, 760, 761 of Tenasserim coast, 752, 805, 813 of Seoul, 316, 335 in Korya sa, 558 Sin~an chido, 330, 333 on Meru mandala, 621 on wall of Ananda monastery, 696 n.25 in Sungnam, 294, 295, 296 movements of indicated by San~gi on Cakravala according to Trai phum, Susan chondo, 336 okhyang, 251 716 Taedong yojido, 324,326, 327 on painting of asterisms in tomb at Xi'an, on Chinese maps in T~aengni chi, 275 523 anthropomorphizing of, 136 in painting of Li Bian's tomb, 81 coastal map, pl.4 in Tongguk chido, 309 on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 in Da Ming yitong zhi, 293, 294 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 in Samguk sagi, 557 in Da Qing yitong zhi, 180 town plan at Sunch'on, 238 in Samye monastery, 667 dragon map of China, 221 Yogyedo,338-39 on Shukushoji zu, 392 early maps, 41 and Korean national sacrifices, 295 n.185 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 728 n.83 Fangmatan maps, 39 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 on Su Song's celestial globe, 541 of Grand Canal at Beijing, pl.5 on map of Timbanganten, 769 in Tang histories, 533 of Great Wall in Lateran Museum, 189 on Nepali maps, 644,646,649,664 on Tenkyu zu, 600-601 of Guangdong Province, 190 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 704-5 texture of surface, 223 in Guang yutu, 51 and nine regions, 207, 223 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.l not evident in Li Bian's tomb, 81 General Index 937

and Pei Xiu's principles of mapmaking, at Angkor Wat, 695 Moxibustion, 615 n.36 111,112 as axis mundi, 706 n.20, 714, 715, 716, Mozuizi, Han divination board from, 120 perspectives of painting, 146-47 719 Muangs (towns), 766 recorded by Shen Kuo, 87 in Balinese popular culture, 723 Muccalinda Pond, 778, 781 on regional map from Borneo, 776 in Bon drawing, 624 Much'ang, 289 n.165 replicas of in Qin Shihuang's tomb, 131 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 Ml;1c-ma, 487, 488 at Samye monastery, 667 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 Mujing suanfa **~~1* (building on Southeast Asian cosmographies, 725 on Hindu map on batik shawl, 772 calculations), 142 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 Hindu temples centered on, 693 Mukedeng f~£~, 299, 301-3, 305, 343 in Thai cosmography, 727 on Meru mandala, 621, 622, 623 Mulberry bark paper, pl.35 on Thai map of Asia, 743 and Mount Kailas, 657 Muller Mountains, 776 on Tibetan maps, 671 in painting at Ananda monastery, 696 Miinchner Stadtmuseum- divination diagrams, 634 n.25, 722 n.70 Puppentheatermuseum, Munich, in Harrer Collection, 653, 654 on planimetric view of Cakravala, 716 352 moral landscape of three Jatakas, 636 in "Rebirth," 628 Munetsuno Chi. See Lake Anotatta; painting of holy places in Tibet, pl.34 in Samye monastery, 664 Manasarowar painting of Vale of Kathmandu, 657 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 12-13, Munhon pigo (Documentary reference n.159 840 encyclopedia), 274-75. See also route map from Lhasa to Assam, 661 on Southeast Asian temple structures, 696 Chungbo Munhon pigo of sacred places, 649 symbolized by chetiya, 695 Mun River, 766 of Svayambhiinath stupa, 662, 663 three-dimensional representations, 623-24 Munzer, Verena, 706 of Tashilunpo, 681 in Tibetan cartography, 672 Murakami Hiroyoshi tfx.Jjlffi , 444 temple banner, 623 in Tibetan cosmography, 621, 632 n.91 Murakami Shimanoj6 *1x.~zft , 447 of Tsa-ri region, 656 in Tibetan mandalas, 612 n.364 of Tusaltci Gung Banner, 684 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 Murals in Wise Collection, 652 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 manor map from Han, 149, 150 in Trai phum, 725, 726, 732 Mount Myohyang, 280 in Thai and Burmese temples, 722 n.70 in Vietnamese cosmography, 479-81 Mount Osore, 414 Tibetan, 656, 670, 676-77, 679, 681 on Vietnamese maps Mount Paektu (Paektusan), 298 of Wutai Shan, 152 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 489-90, 495 on Chong Sanggi's maps, 310 Murgur-Sargol, petroglyphs and rock in Binh-nam do, 493 in geomancy, 278 paintings from, 6, 14,21-22 of Cao-bang, 487 on "Hamgyong to," 276 Muroga Emiko ~Jil!t~T, 374, 429, 460, Dqi-Man quae-do, 496 importance of to Koreans, 326 468-69 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang chi, 505-6 on Kapsanbu hyongp'yondo, 281, 331 Muroto peninsula, 399 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thang du--do, 505 Kim Chongho climbs, 314 Musan, 298, 302 Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 and Korean frontier, 290 Musee d'Ethnographie de Neuchatel, Giao-chau du--dia do, 500 in Korean portion of Kangnido, 289 Switzerland, 612 itinerary maps, 495, 496 Manchu survey of, 298 Musee Guimet, Paris, 632 n.89, 648, 649, in Le atlas, 483 Mukedeng seeks information on, 301, 302 650 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 490, Mukedeng travels to, 301 Musees Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels, 491,492 on Naikaku map, 291 648,649,676-77 in Thien tdi nhan dam, 499 polar altitude of, 288 Museo Naval, Madrid, 832-38 Tong-quat map, 483 on Pukkwan Changp'a chido, 302 Muto Kinta ~JJj1fi:*, 458 used by French, 507 on scroll map of Koryo, 241, 243 Mutsu Bay, 387, 397, 399 on Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, 252 in Sungnam, 295 , map of, 395 Mountains, Miiller, 776 on Taedong yoji chondo, 332 Myanmar. See Burma Mountains of Caucasus, 702 on Taedong yojido, 326, 327 Myetaings (surveyors), 753 Mountains of the Lowas (Lawas), 751 Mount Ph~t-tich, 484 Myo (towns), 754 Mountains of the Moon, 246-47 'ak, 278 Myoch'ong tz!pm, 278 n.122 Mount Changli, 262 n.79 Mount Sumeru, 263. See also Mount Meru Myokaku Temple, Okayama Prefecture, 462 Mount Changp'a (Long Slope), 302 on Buddhist cosmography, 726, 727 Myon rni (subdistricts), 275, 316,317,326 Mount Chiri, 277 on Burmese Cakkavala, 727 n.77, pl.35 Myongdang BA¥: (bright hall), 278 , 618, 677 in Burmese cosmography, 733 Myongsan ~W (famous mountains), 295 Mount Guangsang, 262 n.79 on Burmese map of Jambudipa, 735 Mythology Mount Guangye, 262 n.79 engraving of at Todai Temple, 371, 372 Ainu, 13 Mount Halla, 288 on hoshi mandaras, 600, 602 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 733 Mount Hua, 63, 66, 67 on Japanese terrestrial globe, 391 Tibetan, 634-38, 670 Mount Kailas, 657-59, 670, 733 in Laotian cosmography, 727 Mount Khumbila, 681 models of, 371-72 Mount Kunlun, 173, 262 n.79, 263, 266 systems, 723-28 Na Hungyu m~{~, 243, 267 Mount Li (Li Shan), 78 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 Nabeshima Naoyuki ~~@:z, 587 Mount Li'nong, 262 n.79 in Trai phum, 725-26 Nachi sangu mandara m~~g~~m Mount Main, 288 Mount Tiantai, 263 (Mandala for pilgrimages to Nachi Mount Meru. See also Mount Sumeru , 270 n.100 Shrine), 366 n.83 938 General Index

Naga (world snake), 704, 705, 711, 712, Nam-bac phien-d&i dia do (Atlas of the Nankyokuken 1¥Jf:illJ (Antarctic Circle), 717,719,727 boundaries to the south and north), 408 Nagachi gata ~!tH~ (long-area system), 481 Nankyoku Rojin r¥i~~A (the old man in 360 Nam-dinh Province, 506 the southern polar region) Nagai Seigai 7kffilf~ (Nagai Soku), 440, Nam-giao ceremony, 484 (Canopus),589 441,442 Nam-gi&i (old southern border of Vietnam), "Nankyoku shoseien kenkai seizu" r¥i~~ Nagakubo Atsushi ~~t~H~, 464, 466 491 ~Jl!~W£1I1 (map of the region of Nagakubo Sekisui ~~f*$7J<. Namkhan, 794 constant invisibility), 591 celestial maps by, 593-94, 595, 596-97 Nam-ky hQi-do (Collected maps of the Nanmen 1¥JF~ (Southern Gate), 557 Chikyu bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu, south),501-2 Nanning Prefecture, 145, 496 410,426,428-29 Nam Mao River, 785, 794-95, 816-17, Nansei Islands. See Ryiikyii Islands copies Japanese marine charts, 464, 466 pl.40 Nan sembushii, 256 Dai Shin koyozu, 429 n.305, 430 Namsan (Mongmyoksan), 336 Nansenbushu bankoku shoka no zu 1¥J1lJi$ Ezo Matsumae zu, 447 Nam San (Mountain of the South), 479 ¥fH1!tm~~z.1II (Visualized map of incorporates map of Ezo from 1785-86 Nam-tien (Vietnamese push southward), all the countries in jambiidvipa) expedition into his world map, 447 494,495 (Rokashi [Hotan]), 409 n.251, 428, Namura johaku Ei3M3tfs , 590-91 Jusen Nihon yochi zenzu, 414 429 Nam-Viqt ban-do (Maps of Nam-Vi~t), Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414-15 Nansenbushu Dainihonkoku shoto zu 1¥Jat and Nihon bun'ya zu, 415 502-3 $1#1* B*~.IE*!t1ll (Orthodox Tenmon seisho zu, 594, 595 Nan Huairen r¥i/Ilf=. See Verbiest, Ferdinand map of Great japan in Tenmon seisho zukai, 594 n.38 jambiidvipa) Tensho kanki sho, 593-94 Nanba Matsutaro, 590 n.32 city plan of Edo owned by, 473 at Tokyo University Library, 411 n.260 Nagano Prefecture, map of, 354 at Toshodai Temple, 368, 458 Nagasaki, 387,421,423,475-76 japanese nautical chart owned by, 465 Kaihin shuko zu owned by, 402-4 n.231 other versions, 459 Nagasaki Bay, 421 owned by Kawamori Koji, 387, 388 Nagasaki City Museum, Nagasaki, 466 map collection of, 351 Nantwee River, 753-54, pl.37 ~~~c Nanban-style world map owned by, 461 Nagasaki ki (Records on Nagasaki), Nanyang fu zhi (Gazetteer of Nanyang 379 n.130, Nanban Culture Hall, Osaka, 405 n.237, Prefecture), 194 Nagasaki oboegaki ~~it~ (Memorandum 461,466-67 "Nanzhanbuzhou tu" 1¥Jlteim¥fHliI (Map of of Nagasaki), 379 n.130 Nanban goyomi r-wlfm (Western almanac), jambiidvipa) (in Fa;ie anli tu), 373 Nagasaki oezu ~~*ttllJ (Large plan of 394 Nara. See also Heijo Nagasaki), 421,475 Nanban;in 1¥ilfA (southern barbarians), attempts to construct statue of Buddha at, Nagasaki Prefectural Library, Nagasaki, 464 377 Nanban r¥i~ -style world maps, 377-80, 373 n.l09 Nagasaki saikenzu ~~m~1II (Detailed 454 Chinese cosmographical influence on plan plan of Nagasaki), 476 classification of, 461-63 of, 210 Nagata Zenkichi 7kEE~a (Aodo Denzen), influence on Bankoku sozu, 405, 406 city plans of, 421, 476 439 influence on Shinkai Nihon oezu, 411 Nara National Museum, 456-57 Nagato Province, pl.25 paired with jotoku-type maps, 387 , 346 Naga tribes, 754 sources for, 347 Nara Prefectural Library, 476 Naginataboko ~7Ji$ (Naginata carriage), terrestrial globe derived from, 391 579, pl.32 , star chart on ceiling of Nancun chuogeng lu (Notes taken by Nagoya, Hizen Province, 387, 388 tomb in, 579, 580-81, 602 Nancun [Tao Zongyi] while at rest Naikaku pqOO map. See Chosenkoku ezu Narigun, 661 from plowing) (Tao Zongyi), 63 Nakai family, 400-401,403 Narthang (sNar thang) monastery, Tibet, Nando r¥i~ (Tropic of Capricorn), 408 Nakamura Hiroshi, 259-63 612 Nandou r¥i4 (Southern Dipper) (lunar $;f1/J\m~~, National Archives, Tokyo Nakamura Koichiro 450 n.367 lodge), 515 n.29, 517, 524, 525, $Mf*~, Gotenjiku map at, 374, 460 Nakamura Yasusada 424 538,559 Nakane Genkei q:tfN:7t~, 433 japanese nautical charts owned by, 464 Nan'enbudai shokoku shuran no zu r¥iiii'tf map collection of, 351 Nakane Genran tflfN-z. (Mihashi mgfim~.ZIll (Outline map of Ricci's world map at, 404-5 n.235 Chokaku), 409-10 the countries of jambiidvipa) (Kabn Shoho castle plans at, 399-400, 401 Nakatani Sonan r:p:fr~1¥J , 470-71 Hyozo), 409, 429 n.304 National Central Library (Kungnip Nakatsukasa Munetada (Fujiwara Nangong r¥i'§ (Southern Palace), 528 Chung'ang Tosogwan), Seoul, 236, Munetada),580-81 Nangong Yue r¥i'§~, 123, 533 237 Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor), map of, 796 Naniwa (part of Osaka), 358, 372-73 n.l09 n.116 Nanjing National College (Quoc-tu-giam), 484 Nak~atras, 526 celestial globe at, 574, 577, 578 , Tokyo Naktong River (Kaya River), 241, 243 n.18, Chinese astronomical observatory at, 551, Bankoku sozu at, 405 n.239 289 574, 577, 578 city plans at, 472, 473, 477 Nala (Nalanda), 779 on Chinese nautical chart, 53, 54, 55 map collection of, 351 Nam Kuman r-wfL~, 298 n.191 "Nankyoku kakansei kenkai kaisei zu" national map at, 397, 399 (see also Keicho Namazu, 411 n.261 l¥H:~¥BJtl£~Wc~.IE1I1(revised map) Nam bac ky hoa do (Illustrated maps of the map of the Milky Way and the National Library, Beijing, 551 northern and southern regions), constellation~ along it in the National Library of Thailand, Bangkok, 506 southern sky), 591 765-66 General Index 939

National Museum of Ethnography, border with Tibet on Tibetan locality Nihon henkai ryakuzu B *jfW~1IJ Stockholm, 678-79, 680-81 map, 678-79 (Simple map of the frontiers of National Museum of Japanese History, locality maps from, 661-64 Japan) (Takahashi Kageyasu), 439, Sakura mandala from, 620 440,441 astrolabes and quadrants in, 394 n.193 manuscripts from, 613 N ihon kairiku hayabiki dochu ki B*ml~!f. city plan of Kyoto at, 473 map of Central Asia from, 644, 645, Ij r~q:t~c (Quickly discernible Gyoki-type map owned by, 459 646-48 itinerary of the sea and land routes Japanese nautical chart owned by, 466 map of discussed by Adler, 607-8 of japan), 426 n.293 map collection of, 351 . on map of Jambudlpa in Trai phum, 736 Nihon kaisan choriku zu B*mlLU~~1iI paddy-field map owned by, 456-57 maps from Vale of Kathmandu, 609 (Map of the seas and lands of terrestrial globes in, 468-69, 470-71 non-Tibetan-style maps from, 607 Japan) (Ishikawa Ryiisen), 413 National Museum of Science, Tokyo, paubhas in monasteries in, 656 n.267 466-67 scroll maps from, 610, 649-50, 657, Nihon karuta B*tJ~ .:, t::. (chart of japan), Nats (pre-Buddhist spirits), 717 n.52, 801, 663-64 383 825 three-dimensional map of, 607 Nihon koki (Later chronicles of japan), 346, Nautical charts Tibetan Buddhism in, 607 354,394-95 Asian, 742 The Netherlands Nihonkoku genzaisho mokuroku (A list of Buginese, 692, 832-38, 841, 842 and Bugi nautical charts, 835-36 books at present in Japan) Chinese and Japanese cartography, 381-82, (Fujiwara no Sukeyo), 355, 580, asterisms on, 533 393-94,432-43,454-55 582 n.6 development of during Ming, 94 and japanese celestial mapping, 599, 603 Nihonkoku no zu B*mLfiI (Map of importance of text, 64 and japanese terrestrial globes, 391 Japan), 411 n.260 in Wubei zhi, 52-53, 54-55, 61, 64 trade with Japan, 376, 377 n.128 Ni~on meisho no e B*iJpJTO)*t Japanese, 30-31, 347, 455 Netsuke, 455 (Panoramic view of the noted of Japan, 383-86,401-2,465-67 Newaris, 612 places of Japan) (Kuwagata Keisai), Nanban-style, 461 Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey, pl.28 of Southeast and East Asia, 381-83, 678-79 Nihon Montoku Tenno jitsuroku B*3tt! 7(£.~ 463-65 New Portable Globe (J. Betts), 470-71 (Veritable records of the Malaysian, 840, 842 Nga-ba (delta), 484 emperor Montoku of Japan), 354 Portuguese, 347 Ngaju Dayaks, 13, 693, 702-10, 840 n.36 *'='1-t.~ Southeast Asian, 828-38 Ngh~-an Province, 483, 485, 491 Nihon sandai jitsuroku B (Veritable records of three reigns of in atlas of Francisco Rodrigues, 828-29 Nguy~n Van Thanh, 499 Japan), 354 n.36 European influence on, 697 Nguy~n dynasty, 478, 479, 488, 497, 499, *LUwlil~*~ lack of, 693, 700 507 Nihon sankai zudo taizen B (Map of the mountains and seas of Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, Nguy~n family (under Restored Le), 479, Japan) (Ishikawa Ryiisen), 413 829-32 491,492-94 n.267 from Sulawesi, 741 Nguy~n tombs, Hue, 508 Nihon seizu B*IElIl (Chart of japan), 394 Navigation, 555, 557, 832, 835. See also Nha-trang, 491, 493, 506 Nihon shoki B;$:W*,c (Chronicles of Nautical charts Nhat-thong du--dta chi (Unified geography) japan),349,353-54,355,358, Nav-Kushok, 659 (Le Quang Djnh), 499 371 Nean Peak complex, Cambodia, 733, 840 Nianhao 1f:~ (year title), 267 Nita cave, 736 Niao ,~(star), 513 Nebulas (qi), 571, 573 Nimindhara, 716, 717 Nechung (gNas-chung) monastery, 634 Nibbana, 729-30. See also "Nine-Stage Mountain," 632, Needham, Joseph Nichureki (Two guides), 369, 370, 458 640-41 on Chinese quantitative cartography, Nicobar Islands, 641, 743, 834 Ningcheng 51-52 Ni~m, 490 city plan of, 6, 147, 148 and Chinese grids, 124 n.89, 125, 849 Nieuwe atlas (Johannes Covens and Cornelis map of, 69 on European influence on Chinese Mortier), 434 Ninguta, 276, 338-39, 340 cartography, 199 Die nieuwe groote lichtende Zee-Fakkel Ningzong $*, emperor, 86, 546 on exchange of ideas between Europe and (Johannes van Keulen II), 835 Ninh-binh Province, 506 East Asia, 184, 849 Nigi ryakusetsu (Brief explanation of the Ninna Temple, Kyoto, 349, 367, 368, 458 "Quantitative Cartography in East and heavens and earth) (Higuchi Ninoha-bushi -=f //\£ (), 603 West," 28 Kentei),393 Nintoku {=t!, emperor, 356 on Son'gi okhyong, 250, 251, 252 Nigodharam monastery, 780 Nippon (Philipp Franz von Siebold), 439-40, on well-field grid, 206-7 Nigodhasitaraim monastery, 780 441 on Zhou foot, 286 n.149 Nihon bun'iki shisho zu B*?t~f~1i:1iI Nirvana, 619, 620, 628, 715. See also Neiyang pgY$ (inner sea), 262 n.79 (Quickly understandable atlas of Nibbana Nekribum plateau, 639 the regions of Japan) (Seki Soko), Nishi hankyu E!3*I1( (Western Nendaiki eiri 1f.{-t§C~A (Illustrated 414 n.269 Hemisphere). See Hemispheres, chronicle), 407 n.241 Nihon bunkei zu (Separate maps of japan), terrestrial, Western Neo-Confucianism, 297 411-12,412-13 Nishi Zenzaburo g§~.=.~~ , 433 Nepal Nihon bun'ya zu B*?tlflil (Astronomical Nishida Katsubee g§E8Mj~~j , 423, 424 bibliography of maps from, 609 map of Japan) (Mori ), 415 Nishikawa Joken, 381 940 General Index

Nishikawa Masayasu 5}IIIEft , 585 for japanese mandalas, 365, 366 Omi meisho zue lli1Ilj,PfTiI1f (Illustrated Niu 4- (Ox) (lunar lodge), 516, 517, 524 Mount Sumeru shown in, 371 description of notable places in n.83 for Nihon meisho no e, pl.28 Omi Province) (Akisato Rit6), 416 Niuxing m£ (Pivot star), 531 in Tibetan mapping, 649, 652, 669, 671, n.275 No Sasin ~,JjSJ\tl, 274 n.lll 673 One-point perspective, 681 Nocturlabes, japanese, 381 n.141 Oblique pictorial perspective, 825 Onesicritus, 639 "Nohakinea," pl.24 Oblique profile perspective, 362 Onge tribe, 796 n.115 Nonary cosmography, 203, 215, 217, 227 Obora (boundary markers), 683, 684, 685 Onmy6 no Tsukasa ~~~ (Yin-Yang criticism of, 222-24 Observation, and shape of world, 117-24 Board), 580-81, 591 and fenye, 208-10 Observational towers, Yuan, 53, 56 Onsong, 288,292, 311, 312 foundations of, 204-5 Oceans. See also Seas Onzy6zi Temple, 642 and jiu zhou, 207 in Buddhist cosmology, 371, 716 Ooka Shoken *ftDj-MlH et aI., 418 and Luo shu and Hetu, 213-14 in Burmese cosmography, 733 Ophiuchus, 554 and mingtang, 212-13 on Cakravala according to Trai phum, Opium Wars, 106, 191 and shape of Chinese cities, 210-11 716 Oracle bones, 514-15 and well-field system, 205-7 encircling, 57 Oranda chikyu zenzu n~M:tlli!:~R~1Il Non nu-Crc (mountain and water), 479 in Indian cosmology, 714 (Complete Dutch map of the Norbulinka (Nor-bu-ling-ka, Summer and Pei Xiu's principles of mapmaking, world) (Tajima Ryukei), 437 n.332 Palace), Lhasa, 656 111, 112 Oranda chikyu zusetsu IfrlJflIWe:ttEJ*III~ (An North America represented at Angkor Wat, 695 explanation in a Dutch atlas of the on Bankoku sazu-type maps, 405 in Southeast Asian siting, 739-40 world) (Motoki Ry6ei), 433-34 on Chatei bankoku zenzu, 442 on Thai library cupboard, 734 Oranda chizu ryakusetsu \rtiJlIJ~t:t~Iil~~ Katsuragawa's map of, 436 on Thai map of Asia, 743 (Outline of Dutch cartography) on Nanban-style world maps, 378 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 (Motoki Ry6ei), 433 on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 in Yinghuan zhilue, 108 Oranda shintei chikyu zu fOlViflT5E.:tt!!I1Z1Il on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 on "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 (World map based on a Dutch on Son'gi okhyong, 252 O-chau etj.n-Itfc (Modern record of O-chau), source) (Kitajima Kenshin), 433, Northern Dipper. See Beidou; Big Dipper 499 434-35 Northern Song dynasty, 87, 135-36, 240. Ochika Island (Fukue Island), 388 Oranda shin'yaku chikyu zenzu n~fjJ~gR:ttE. See also Song dynasty; Southern Ochikochi D6in ~llij]!EP (Fujii Hanchi), ~~1Il (Map of the world, newly Song dynasty 420,423-24,473 translated from a Dutch edition), Northern Wei dynasty, star map on ceiling Och'onch'uk (Five Indias), 255 436-37 of tomb from, 531, pl.31 Och'onch'ukkuk to 1i7(~~6iJ (Map of the Oranda tensetsu fDM7(~ (Dutch North polar distance (NPD), 525, 531, 538, lands of the Five Indias) (Yun P'o), astronomy) (Shiba K6kan), 435 551,563,564 255,374 n.326 North Pole ~EBm~, 362, 377, 390 Oranda zensekai chizusho yaku on first printed japanese celestial map, Odantapuri monastery, 664, 672 rmJlViWe~i!tW:tllillI~g' 587 n.21 Odo yanggyedo 1i£r[~WIII (Map of the five (Translation of a Dutch atlas of the on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 provinces and two frontier zones), world) (Motoki Ry6ei), 434 on Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 345 Orankai, 379, 386, 388 Su Song's star map of, 542 Dei kinmei ezu J!!jj(j$)fiP~fiJ (Map Organtino, Genecchi Soldo (Soldi), 377, 390 on Tenkyu zu, 600-601 compiled under shogunal orders in Oriental and India Office Collections, British on Tenmon seisha zu, 595 the Oei era), 364 Library, London, 650-53, 674, in Tensha kanki sha, 593, 594 Ogilby, john, 4 n.19, 424 n.286 678-79, 745 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 Dgishaku *iinE (large compass), 381 n.141 Orientation North Star, 123, 173 n.ll, 516 n.42, 583. Ogiu (Ogyu) Sorai fk~1g1*, 433 of Buginese nautical charts, 834 See also Pole Star Oil and lampblack, maps in, 789 of Burmese maps Nouvel atlas de la Chine (Jean Baptiste Oirat script, 682 of Amarapura, 798, 809, 819, 823 Bourguignon d'Anville), 300 Oishi Ippei *E~ZP: , 445 of Ava, 803 Nova Guinea, 461, pl.24 Okada Keishi ftDjEB~~, 413-14 of Burma and Thailand, 809 Nova totius terrarum orbis tabula (Blaeu), Okamoto Michiko ftDj*£r[y, 464 cadastral, 791 434-35, 600 n.54 Okamoto San'emon fffiJ*=~f$jr~, 391 of Cambodia and southern Vietnam, Nova Zemlya, 462 Okamoto Yoshitomo, 390 811 NPD. See North polar distance Okayama clan, 382 of Chiang Mai, 749, 805, 827 Numajiri Bokusen mJJL~~, 392, 470-71 Okayama Museum of Art, Okayama, 463 of coast of Burma, 807, 809 Nungna Island, 337 Okazaki, plans of, 422 cosmographies, 725 Nurhaci ~mng.$, 298 Okazawa Sagenta ftDj1lf:£-z/t( , 459 of country north of Ava, 803 Niiwa tz:"9f9J, 531 Dkishaku *iinE (large compass), 381 of country south of Ava, 803 n.141 of Gulf of Martaban, 809 o Yunbu fuft$-, 558 Okladnikov, A. P., 20 of invasion of Manipur, pl.37 6 Yuso ~,:fim, 345 Ok6chi Masatoshi *1OJpgIE~ , 466 of Irrawaddy River, 805 Oblique frontal perspective, 677, 679, 681 Oku no in ~~ (detached building), 353 of Kengtung, 807 Oblique perspective Olschak, Blanche Christine, 678-79 of Kyaukse District, 821 for Chinese map of the Yangtze, 165 Omens, 88 of Kyauk Ye District, 815 General Index 941

of "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," 809 in Shugaisho, 349 Ot Danum tribe, 706, 708 of "Maing Tsait and Maing Pone," 811 star map in Takamatsuzuka, 580-81 Othman, Mohammed Radzi Haji, 776 n.74, of Mandalay, 825, 827 survey maps, 395 776 n.75 of Manipur, India, 811 from Tashadai Temple, 349 Otogi no Sho, Yamato Province (Nara of "Mhineloonghee Forest," 819 of Japan on Kangnido, 247, 269 Prefecture), map of, 363 military map, 755 of Javanese maps, 773, pl.39 Otsuka Hachira *~~~~, 422 n.280 of Pagan, 805 of Korean maps, 30 Otsuka Takashi, 421 n.277, 473 of Pakokku District of Burma, 815 Kangnido, 244 Otsuki Gentaku, 435, 436, 438 n.335, 439 of part of Burma, 803, 807, 809, 813, district map-paintings, 330 n.339 815 for Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781-82 Ou region, 385, 387, 412-13 of Pegu, 807 of Meru mandalas, 622 Ouyang Xiu, 210, 538, 539 plan for temple by Mandalay Hill, 801 of Nepali maps Ouyang Xuan, 541, 548 route maps, 817, 819 of Central Asia, 646 Ouyang Xun, 110 n.44 rural maps, 819, 821 of Vale of Kathmandu, 649-50 Oval projection of Salween River area, 813 of Nguyen tombs, 508 Nanban maps using, 377, 379, 386, 461 in Scott Collection, 761 on Southeast Asian maps, 841-42 and Rangaku influence, 442 n.346 of Shan States, 805, 809 regional map from Borneo, 774, 776 Ricci-type maps using, 409, 410 of Shwebo District, 821 of Timbanganten, 766, 768 used for Japanese globe, 466-67 of telegraph line to Mandalay, 819 of Southeast Asians in cosmic space, 738 Oxford University, 678-79 of Tenasserim coast, 752, 805, 813 of Southeast Asian temples, 739 Oxus, 646 of Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, 809 of Thai maps Oya Gaiko *~m~, 470-71 of Toungoo and Yamethin districts, 815 of Asia, 742, pl.36 Ozassho *~~ (Large miscellany), 411 of Yesagyo District, 823 in National Library of Thailand, 766 n.260 of Yunnan Province, 805 panels in Trai phum, 737 of Chinese cities, 210 secular route map, 784 Pacific Ocean, 171, 198-99, 378, 426, 461 of Chinese maps of Tibetan maps, 649, 652, 671 Padakkina (circumambulating sacred site), of British Isles, 200 indigenous map of Ding-ri valley, 618 783 Changjiang tu, pl.2 painting of holy places in Tibet, pl.34 Paddy fields. See Fields from Fangmatan, 39 pilgrimage map of Mount Kailas, 657 Padmavati (Pavara) (Pawaya), 779 Hangzhou eheng tu, 62 Sino-Tibetan world map, 642 Paekche kingdom, 238, 239, 274, 556 Hua yi tu, 47 of Tashilunpo, 681 Paektusan. See Mount Paektu of Jingjiang prefectural city, 65 of Vietnamese maps Paengni eh'ok sffiR (hundred-Ii scale­ of Lishui Xian, 92 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 489 foot), 307,308,310,311 from Mawangdui, 41, 42, 147 in Binh-nam do, 493, 494 Pae River (Taedong River), 241, 243 n.18, nautical chart, 53, 54, 5.5 fJqi-Man quoe-do, 496, 498 337 Pingjiang tu, 141 Giao-ehau du--dia do, 501 Pagan, Burma Qing map of Yongding River, pl.6 of Hcii-duO'ng, 483 n.22 Ananda monastery at, 696 n.25, 722 n.70 of Rongzhou, 144 of Kinh-bac, 483 n.22 Burmese maps centered on, 804-5 Sino-Tibetan world map, 642 of L~ng-sO'n, 483 n.22 evidence of astronomy from, 738 of source of Yellow River, 63 in Le atlas, 483, 485, 486, 487 maps of, 822-23 star map on ceiling of Li Bian's tomb, of Ml;lc-ma fortress, 488 temple at, 479, 696 81 of Thai-nguyen, 483 n.22 in Trai phum, 737 Wubei zhi, 64 of Thang-Iong, 484, 486 Yudishanhaiquantu, 171 Thien ttli nhan dam, 500 on map of Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 Tong-quat map, 482, 483 815 Yu ji tu, 47 of Zhang Heng's fu, 132 on map of Burma east of Mandalay, 813 zhaoyu tu, 37 Orion, 534, 548 on map of coast of Burma, 807 of Japanese cities, 358-59 Ortelius, Abraham, 171, 172 on map of Gulf of Martaban, 809 of Japanese maps, 349 , 347, 377 on map of "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," Bankoku sozu-type, 405, 406 world map by, 380 809 city plan of Edo, 349,402 Osaka, 358,423,431 on map of "Maing Tsait and Maing city plan of Osaka, 349 city plans of, 349,400-401,417,418, Pone," 811 Daizoho Nihon doehu ki, 426 420-21,474-75 on map of Meiktila, 793 Ezo no kuni zenzu, 445 Osaka Bay, 387 on map of part of Burma, 807 Cion oyashiro ezu, pl.22 Osaka Prefectural Nakanoshima Library, on map of Pegu, 807 Gyoki-type, 349, 367, 458, 459 Osaka, 475 on map of Toungoo and Yamethin from Ninna Temple, 349 Osaka sango machi ezu *:t&-='~BflfJ~1iI districts, 815 of paddy fields, 359, 457 (Map of the three districts of on maps in Scott Collection, 761 Rakuchu ezu, 403 Osaka), 401 n.228 on maps of Amarapura, 798, 819, 823 of Settsu Province, 398 Oshima (Island of Man), 388, 389 on maps of Mandalay, 825, 827 Shinpan Settsu Osaka tazainanboku Oshima Takeyoshi *~jtPJ, 416 n.274 on maps of Tenasserim coast, 752, 805 machi shima no zu, 417 Osorio, Jeronimo, 829 on military maps, 754, 758, 759 from Shomyo Temple, 367 n.87 Osumi peninsula, 387 on plan for temple by Mandalay Hill, showing manors in Naga County, 362 Otani Ryokichi *:fr~5, 453 n.374 801-2 942 General Index

Pagodas (cont.) Lha sum-cu-sa-gsum gyi gial-yas-khan, Parallels. See also Latitude on route maps, 789, 819 624 on Burmese map of Jambudlpa, 735 on Siamese rural map, 795 Potala (see Potala palace) in Da Qing yitong zhi, 106 Pahang River, 829 on Tibetan maps in Wise Collection, 652 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 Pahareddin, King, 838 Palaces, celestial, 519-20, 524, 528, 529, in Huangyu quanlan tu, 184 Paintings 537,541 on Japanese marine chart, 464 Bhutanese, 621-23 Palawan, Philippines, 713, 715 on Jusen Nihon yochi zenzu, 414 n.271 Buddhist, 256 n.69 Palchor monastery, Gyantse, Tibet, 676-77 on Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414 Burmese, 722 n.70, pl.35 Cakkavala, 715 lack of on Chinese version of Jesuit map Chinese Palileyyaka, 780, 781 of Qing empire, 183, 184 and calligraphy, 134, 135, 136, 137 Pallegoix, Jean Baptiste, 698 n.37 omitted from "Sansen yochi zenzu," 408 and cartography, 137, 164, 231 Palm leaves, 690, 696, 717, 840, 841 Ptolemy and, 849 on ceiling of Northern Wei tomb, pl.31 Burmese cosmographies on, 724-25, 730, on Ricci's map in Sancai tuhui, 175 on ceiling of tomb at Xi'an, 523-24 731, 777 on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 from Dunhuang, 532 Laotian map etched on, 789 Paricchattaka trees, 726 jiehua, 138-39, 142-43 p'alto chido J\i![tfulll (Maps of the Eight Parkin, Harry, 711, 712 landscape, 153, 158, 163, 189 Provinces), 303, 307, 309 n.222 Paro, fresco paintings at, 621-23 as maps, 147-53 p'alto ch'ongdo J\i![~liI (General map of Parrenin, Dominique, 180 of Milky Way, 531-32, pl.31 the Eight Provinces), 294-96, 303, Parsogard (Pasargadae), 639, 640 of night sky in Buddhist temple, 552, 304 Parsons-Smith, S. T. C., 829 553 P'altodo J\mliJ (Map of the Eight Passes, mountain, 180, 198 and poetry, 134, 136, 153, 158, 164 Provinces) Pataliputta (Patna), 779 and representation, 135-37 by Chong Ch'ok, 283 n.134, 345 Patan, Nepal, 661-64, 678-79 from Tang, 152 n.69 by Yang Songji, 345 Pathana Sima, 802, 827 of Wangchuan, pl.9 by Yi Hoe, 247, 289, 345 Patna, 779 Indian, 727 n.80 p'alto kagil yanggyedo J\i![~-mW[iJ Pattani Point, 829 Japanese, 352-53,579 (Separate maps of the Eight Patterns Korean, 556, 558, 559 Provinces, with the two frontier abstract, 130 mural zones) (Yang Songji), 345 "ball-and-link," 11 in Thai and Burmese temples, 722 n.70 p'alto sanch'ondo J\mwJ Illil (Map of bands, 204 Tibetan, 656, 670, 676-77, 679, 681 mountains and rivers of the Eight crosses, 204 and prehistoric cartography, 1, 19 Provinces) (Yang Songji), 345 cup-and-ring marks, 8 n.30 Southeast Asian cosmographies in, 696 Pamirs, 376 n.119 cup marks, 8 n.30 Tibetan Pan ~ (coil), 263 n.86 "death pattern," 12, 13 conventions for, 616-17 P'an (files), 316 diamonds, 204 in cosmography, 612 Pan Angxiao 11~., 63 in early Chinese art, 129 mandalas in, 620-21 Pan Guangzu 11J'tW!fl, 175-76,409 lozenges, 203, 204 (see also Patterns, of moral landscape of three Jatakas, Pan Jixun, 98 quincunxes) 636,637 , 635, 637, 669, 670 Monca-pat (Hindu-Javanese pattern), 772, mural, 656, 670, 676-77, 679, 681 Pandavas, caves of, 646 773 perspective in, 613 n.28 p'ando sa Jt.&IIJP] (directorate of registers on petroglyphs from Murgur-Sargol, 6 of places in lives of Buddha, 610 and maps), 240 pointed motifs, 148, 150 of Potala, pl.34 Pangyan f~,~ (indirect verification), 114 quartered circles, 12 relating to Gesar epic, 636, 637 Pangzheng ~g~ (collateral or external quincunxes, 203, 226-27 of Samye monastery, 667 evidence), 114 S shapes, 12 of Shigatse, 668-70 Pannellas, 388-89 star signs, 12 types of, 634 p'ansim Jt.&J[;\ (block heart), 328 "sun and fire" symbols, 12 Paitamahasiddhanta, 526 Paolino Veneto, 91 n.108 , 12 Pajajaran, 768 Paper. See also Parabaiks; Samud khoi tree signs, 12-13 Pak Chiwon f~irl:~, 254 n.57 black Burmese, maps on, 752, 805 trefoil motifs, 148, 150 Pak Tonji f~~Z., 247, 269, 270-71, 284 globes made from, 466-67, 468-69, Y shapes, 12 Pak Yon f~~, 285 n.146 470-71,591 Pattingalloang, Karaeng, 836 Pakch'on, 313 Southeast Asian cosmographies on, 840 Paubhas (scroll maps), 649, 656 Pakuan, 768 Tibetan astrological tables on, 632 Pawaya, 779 Palace of Victory, 624 Papier-mache, 591 , 164 Palaces Papun, 818-19 Pedu (gallbladder), 711 Asurabhawan, 717 Parabaiks (Burmese indigenous paper) Pegasus (constellation), 88 in Bon drawing, 624 cadastral maps on, 790, 791 Pegu, Burma on city plan of Kyoto, 416 descriptions of maps on, 814-27 maps of, 745, 806-7 of Indra, 726, 727 n.77, 728 n.83 large-scale plans on, 799, 800, 801 temple at, 696 on Japanese landscape from Heijo, 353 map of telegraph line on, 785, 789, 790 Pei, I. M., 216 Jokhang, 613, 669 n.177, 676-77 maps from Scott Collection on, 760 PeiXiu ~* kraton, 775, 776 military maps on, 758, 797-98 and accuracy of maps, 133 in Le atlas, 483 Paracel Islands, 743, 834 career of, 112-13 General Index 943

correspondence, 143 from Altai Mountains, 6 Ping yuan zp:~ (level distance or Fangzhangtu, 69, 112 Armenian, 2, 11-12 perspective),146-47 and grids, 125, 849 from Bhimbetka, India, 2 Pinholes, 383 on Han maps, 110 Boyar, 3-4, 5 Pipphalivana, 780, 781 in introduction to Taedong yojido, 344 from Italian Alps, 6 Pirates, 831, 833, 834 known only late in Korea, 284 location of, 16 n.66 piroto (piloto, pilot), 393-94 literary sources, 126 from Mirzapur, India, 2,17 Piroto no h6 karuta (Chart used by pilots), maps by in Lidai minghua ji, 139 from Mongolia, 2, 6-8 466 and Mawangdui garrison map, 148 from Mont Bego, 6 Pisces, 549, 561 method of determining diagonal distance, from Murgur-Sargol, 6, 7, 8, 9 Pius VII, Pope, 569 n.267 111 from Spain, 18 Place-names method of leveling heights.. 110 from Yin Shan, China, 2 on Buddhist world maps, 429 method of straightening curves, 111 Pha-l~i Temple, 484 on Bugi nautical charts, 833 number and text in cartography of, PhC:lm E>inh He>, 495 on Burmese maps 110-13 Phayre, Arthur Purves, 743, 756 of Ava, 747 reports loss of Qin maps, 75 n.26 Philippines of Chiang Mai, 750 and scale, 144, 148 on Bugi nautical charts, 833 of Manipur, India, 811 and Shen Kuo, 114-15 constellations as seen from, 713, 715 military maps, 754, 755, 756 six principles of mapmaking, 52, 110-13, and jesuit mapping, 171-72 route maps, 786, 817 196 lack of surviving traditional maps from, of Tenasserim coast, 750, 752 available to japanese cartographers, 689,741,839 of Upper Burma, 803 355 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 on Chinese maps and cartographic grid, 48, 50 Quirino's study of cartography, 692 Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.l on strategic importance of maps, 82 on Thai map of Asia, 742 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 184, 185 tools for measurement used by, 116 Phillimore, Reginald Henry, 692, 829-30, Hua yi tu, 46 Yugongdiyu tu, 69, 110, 112 831,842 ]iu yu shouling tu, 46 Peking Buddhist Institute, Meru mandala Phnom Penh of Mount Hua, 63 produced at, 621 on Burmese route maps, 786, 788, in Qianlong neifu yutu, 186 Pelliot, Paul, 518, 532, 537 816-17,818-19 reproductions of Ricci's maps, 177 Pemberton, Lieutenant, 754 on map of area around Mekong River, Sino-Tibetan maps, 263, 642, 643 Penanjung Bay, 769 809 tu from gazetteers, 153 Pendulums, 181 on map of Cambodia and southern "Wanli Changjiang tu," 166 Perak River, 829 Vietnam, 811 "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 Periodization of Chinese cartography, 35 pha (settlements), 488 in "Yugong," 112 Periplus ofthe Erythrean Sea, 639 Phe>-minh Temple, 484 Yu ji tu, 47 Persia, 551, 614, 639, 642, 672. See also Phra Ruang, 696 on Italian map of japan, 389, 390 Iran Phra malai sutta, 722 on japanese maps Persian Gulf, 246, 248, 689 Phrya , King, 721 "Bankaku no zenzu," 431 Perspectives. See also Pictorial representation Phil (prefecture), 487 Bankoku sozu, 405, 406 axonometric and divergent in Tibetan Phl;lc-hoa, 487, 488 Dai yochi kyugi, 392 paintings, 613 n.28 Phuket, 736 docho, 364 bird's-eye (see Bird's-eye perspective) Phl;lng-thien, 483 Dohan bankoku yochi hozu, 441 on Boyar petroglyphs, 5 Phya Lithai. See Trai phum "Gada meisho no zenzu," 432 convergent, 153 Pibo ~M (compensation and j6toku-type, 387, 388, 390 divergent, 671, 677, 679 reinforcement), 277, 279 n.129 Kaisei chikyu bankoku zenzu, 410 gao yuan, 146-47 Pibyonsa -um)lp](state defense council), 307, in Kon'yo zenzusetsu, 410 n.257 inside-out, 330 311 Matsumura's map of Eastern and linear, 153 Pictograph writing, 15 Western hemispheres, 434 on map of Drepung monastery, 666, 668 Pictorial representation, 51, 61-62, 153, Nanban-style, 378, 379, 461 oblique (see Oblique perspective) 154-55, 188, 189-90, pl.l, pl.4 Nansenbushu bankoku sh6ka no zu, oblique frontal, 677, 679, 681 Picture maps, prehistoric, 4 429 oblique pictorial, 825 Pictures, differentiated from maps, 1-2 "Nanzhanbuzhou tu," 373 n.ll1 oblique profile, 362 Pigs, 82, 626, 710, 711, 798. See also nautical charts, 382, 384, 385, 463 one-point, 681 Animals in Nippon, 439 n.341 ping yuan, 146-47 Pilgrimages, 146, 365-66,373. See also "Sansen yochi zenzu," 408 planimetric (see Planimetric perspective) Route maps of Settsu Province, 398 in prehistoric rock art, 4, 6 Pilgrims, 658, 659, 661 Shinsei chikyu bankoku zusetsu, 435 profile, 3, 4, 6 n.20, 830 Pillars, 364, 365 Sh6h6 map, 399 shen yuan, 146-47 Pingjiang tu ZfS-1IIIl (Map of Pingjiang "Tenjiku zu," 375 n.118, 375-76 on Tibetan map of Dunhuang region, 614 Prefecture), 70, 141 n.119, 376 in Tibetan painting, 617 Ping River (Mae Nam Ping River), 751, 786, Yochi zenzu, 435 variable (see Variable perspective) 787, 788 Yochi zu, 408 yuanjin, 145 Pingshan Xian (County), zhaoyu tu found japanese translations of from Dutch atlas, Petroglyphs. See also Rock art; Stone in, 37 434 944 General Index

Place-names (cont.) in Tang histories, 533 Polar projections on Javanese map in Bibliotheque on Thai library cupboard, 733 equidistant Nationale, 773 in Trai phum, 721-22, 738 planisphere of 1395 and copies using, on Jesuit maps, 175, 303, 404-5 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 524,561 on Korean maps Planimetric perspective, 845 planispheres from Hangzhou using, 540 Chigu chonhudo, 254 combined with other perspectives in used for astral charts in Yixiang by Chong Sanggi, 310 Chinese mapping, 29, 61, 146, 147 kaocheng, 574 ch'onhado, 256-57, 259, 260-62,263, in encyclopedias, 154-55 used for astral diagrams in Sancai tuhui, pl.16 in gazetteers, 189-90 554 Kangnido, 246-47, 249, 266 hydrologic, 98-100, 101, pl.5 used for charts in Xinyi xiang fayao, p'alto ch'ongdo, 304 and huidianguan standards, 198 543 Samguk sagi, 274 in Japanese maps of landownership, 362, used for Honch'on chando, 576 Sin'an chido, 333 363 used for Suzhou and similar Ming Taedong yojido, 325, 327 on local map of Siamese provenance, 795 planispheres, 546, 547, 552 Tongguk chido, 236 and meaning of tu, 153 stereographic, 569, 570-71, 573, 574 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 in prehistoric mapping, 2 Pole Star, 173 n.11, 516 n.42, 583 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 778, 779, in Southeast Asian mapping, 841 early Chinese conception of, 516 781 cosmographic, 716, 719, 726 and early Chinese surveying, 53 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, 829 in Tibetan mapping, 617, 629, 668, 669 Liu Song measurements of NPD of, 531 in Mongolian cartography, 673, 682 n.7, in Vietnamese map of Saigon region, 500 on map from Ryiikyii Islands, 603 683,685 Planispht:erium Creleste (Frederick de Wit), in painting of Li Bian's tomb, 81 on Nepali maps, 645, 664 599, 600 n.54 and Tang astronomical survey, 123 in Nieuwe atlas, 434 Planispheres Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 682 on reference map of Central Asia, 647 Chinese Political culture on regional map from Borneo, 775, 776 from Five Dynasties tombs, 539-40 and astrology and celestial mapping, on regional map in National Library of on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, 88-89 Thailand, 766 573 and Chinese cartography, 71-72, 94 on secular Thai route map, 785 from Ming, 552-55, 576, 578 and documentary scholarship, 73-74 on Siamese maps, 765, 795 at Suzhou Museum, 545-48, 578 of Han, 74-80 on terrestrial globe presented to Japan, defined, 524 n.84 390 Political power, 99 given by Thomas Forrest to islanders, 836 Polo, Marco, 639, 743 on Thai map of Asia, 742 Japanese, 593-94 on Tibetan maps P6mnye J'L'WU (general procedures), 318, Korean 322 "The Nine-Stage Swastika Mountain," Ch'onsang yolch'a punyajido (King 640 Pond of Heaven. See Ch'onji T'aejo's), 560-67, 578, 585-86, Sino-Tibetan maps, 263, 642, 643 Ponds, 78,259,364, 791 587,588,589 of Svayambhiinath stupa, 663 Pongyok to M~III (Map of the infeudated Honch'on chando, 576 of Vale of Kathmandu, 657 n.159 region), 238-39 Japanese copy of in Royal Scottish Zhang-zhung map, 639, 640 "Ponjo p'alto chuhyondo ch'ongmok" *~JJ Museum, 564, 566-67 in Trai phum, 736 J\lli1\1\1~,*1II~§ (General index to reproduction of Han chart, 524 on Vietnamese maps district maps in the eight provinces Plan maps, prehistoric, 4, 6-8 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 495 of the nation) (in Ch'onggudo), 315 Plants. See Vegetation fJqi-Man quae-do, 496 Pontianak, maps of, 697, 774, 775-76 Plaster, 591 in Hong-du-c ban do, 478 Portes-Iuminaires, 727 Plates, Japanese maps on, 346, 347 in Le atlas, 483 Ports, 198, 743. See also Harbors Pleiades, 9, 534, 548, 623 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 490 Portugal. See also Iberian Peninsula T6ng-quat map, 483 Plow (constellation), 515 Plumb lines, 98, 101, 102, 115-16, 132, conquest of Malacca, 249 Plancius, Petrus, 378, 380 and Japanese cartography, 347, 454-55 Planes, 6 n.20, 147, 150, 151, 153 142,357 Po ~ (unit of measurement), 285, 287, 311 and Japanese nautical charts, 381-82 Planets. See also names ofplanets and Japanese surveying, 393-94 baozhang shi and movements of, 88 P'obaek ch'ok fpmR (textile foot), 286 on Javanese nautical chart, 828 on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 Poetry and Nanban-style world map, 379-80 in Chinese astrology, 512 n.11 and calligraphy, 134 and place-names on Bankoku sozu, 406 and Chinese lunar lodges, 51 7 and cartography, 164 correlations of in Chinese geomancy, charts referred to in, 72 and Southeast Asian cartography, 689, 218-19 inscribed on maps, 160, 162-64 690 and fenye, 208 inscribed on paintings, 153, 158 trade with Japan, 376, 381 in Five Dynasties histories, 539 and painting, 134, 136, 164 use of Javanese charts, 828 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, and physical reality, 133-34 Postal relay stations, 51 573 on Ten no zu, 586 Post stations, 308, 316, 321,425,426, pl.27 Jin observations of, 530 Polar altitude measurement, 288, 298, 301, Posuch'6k ~Itx:R (pace-counting measuring in Koryo sa, 558 305, 318, 344. See also Latitude stick), 287-88 on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 Polar circles, 462 Potala palace, Lhasa, Tibet, 666 in Samguk sagi, 557 Polaris, 123, 173 n.11, 516 n.42, 583. See Chinese treatment of, 611-12 on Su Song's celestial globe, 541 also Pole Star Das's copy of map of, 669 n.177 General Index 945

divergent perspective in depiction of, 616, stereographic, 442 n.346 P'yong'ando yonbyondo ZP:3i:ilt~illII 617 trapezoidal, 181, 199, 453 (Map of the frontier border of frescoes in, 656 Wei Yuan's understanding of, 193 P'yong'an Province) (Yi Sunsuk), map depicting monks encircling, 667, 668 Provinces. See also specific provinces 345 mural of Chang'an at, 670 in Bac-thanh dia-du- chi, 500 P'yong'an Province, 337 thanka in, 622 in Dqi-Nam nhat-thong chi, 505-6 in Ch'onggudo, 321 in Tibetan cartography, 609 on Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 . on Chong Sanggi's maps, 310, 313 and Tibetan locality maps, 676-77, on "Dainihonkoku zu," 368, 369 geodetic coordinates for, 311, 312-13 678-79 on Gyoki-type maps, 369 in Korean defense system, 340 on Tibetan maps of sacred places, 649, Korean, 310-11 on Naikaku map, 292 pl.34 in Le atlas, 484-85, 487 on Sin'an chido, 333 on Tibetan route map, 660, 661 rnaps of in Guang yutu, 50 in Tongguk chido, 309 Potet, Jean-Paul G., 833 n.14 on Naikaku map, 291-92 on Tong'yo ch'ongdo, 306 Pottery in Sungnam, 294, 295 Pyongnan River, 241, 243 n.18 Chinese on Thai map of Asia, 742 P'yongsan, 322 celestial symbols on, 11 in Tongguk chido, 309 P'yongyang cosmographical symbols on, 14, 130 on Tong-quat map, 483 as capital of Koryo, 278 death pattern on, 12, 13 on Tong'yo ch'ongdo, 306 geodetic coordinates for, 311, 313 designs on, 204 Provincial maps latitude of, 313 referential elements on, 130 Chinese, pl.13 maps of, 334-37, pl.20 from Yangshao culture, 129, 130 Japanese, 346,396-400,416-22,472, as meridian, 312-13 Japanese, 13 p1.25 Pyonhanl'~peoples, 238 prehistoric, cosmological depictions on, Korean, 236, 329 Pythagorean theorem, 111, 117 n.70 11-12 Ptolemy, Claudius Pyu peoples, 726 Powun-daung (Powin Taung), Burma Chen downgrades, 113 n.53 Buddhist cosmography at, 726, 727 conception of mapping, 124 al-Qazwini, 849 cave temples at, 696 Geography, 114 n.56 Qi *t (energetic pneuma), 93, 220 Prada work, 770, 771, 773 grouping of stars by, 528 in geomancy, 30, 216, 218, 219, 225 Pranavananda, Swami, 659 and Islands of Gold, 742 in Korean context, 221, 278 n.120 Pratt, K. L., 561 n.248, 563 and parallels and meridians, 849 linking art and science, 136, 153-54 Precession, 516, 518, 531, 568, 572, 578 system of celestial longitude, 526 Qi ~ (nebulas), 571 Prefectures, 51, 85, 180. See also names of and techniques of applied geometry, 844 Qi 1::: (seven), 114 n.61 prefectures Pubbarama (monastery), 780 Qian ~ (heaven) (hexagram), 130 Prehistoric art, 1-4 Pukhan Mountain, 336 Qian Luozhi ~~Z, 530-31,532 Prehistoric maps, 1-22 Pukkwan Changp'achido ~trm~!BlJfulil Qian Yuanguan ~7C!I , 539-40 (hungry ghosts), 625, 626, 718 (Map of the Changp'a, the Qian Zeng ~tt, 542 Prime meridians. See also Meridians northern frontier), 301, 302, 340 Qiankun wanguo quantu gujin renwu shiji at Beijing, 30, 181, 199,200, 202 Pukpol ~tfj(: (northern strike), 337 ~tEf3~~~III~~Afm$~ at Kyoto, 439, 440, 453 Puk Sansong (North Fortress), pl.21 (Complete map of the myriad on map of British Isles, 200 Pulau (islands), 829 countries of heaven and earth, on Yudi shanhai quantu, 171 Pulguksa f~~F. (monastery), 239 accounts and reminders of famous Profile, 3, 4, 6 n.20, 830 P'un 7t (unit of measurement), 285 people of antiquity and the present) Projections Punakha, maps on walls at, 621-23, 656 (Liang Zhou), 267-68 available by Yuan dynasty, 228 P'unggi chi kuyok m~Zl~J~(wind and air Qianlong ~~ emperor, 186, 187, 190, 195 Bonne, 193 zones),242 Qianlong neifu yutu ~~pqRt~lIJ combined with grids, 198 P'ungsu m7j<. (wind and water, feng shui), (Terrestrial atlas of the inner conical, 197, 200 277 prefectures of the Qianlong period) in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198 , 693 (Michel Benoist), 186 equatorial stereographic, 598 Purdy, John, 443 Qianlong period, 101-2 n.13, 102, 648 equidistant conic, 439, 440 Purigate~ 771,772,773 Qianlong shisan pai tu ~~+'='~FlIJ. See equirectangular, 377,378, 380, 386, 461, Purple Mountain Observatory, Nanjing, Qianlong neifu yutu 462 551,574,577,578 Qianlong star catalog, 595 flattened spherical, 250, 254 Purple Palace, 541, 556 Qi fa 1:::jt (seven methods), 114 globular, 433, 437 Purple Tenuity (constellation), 89 Qin, king of, 73 lack of on Dunhuang star map, 534, 537 Purvavideha (Pubbavideha), 621, 623, 716, Qin Jiushao, 118-19 Lambert conformal conic, 312 n.231 725, pl.35 Qin Shihuang ~~~~ , 484 Mercator (see Mercator projection) Pusakas (sacred relics), 767, 769, 770 belief in immortal beings, 80 n.59 on Ortelius's map, 172 Pusan, 329, 334,p1.19 tomb of, 78-81, 131,520 oval (see Oval projection) Putian, Fujian Province, 552, 554, 555 Qinding Da Qing huidian (Imperially Qotar (see Polar projections) Putli Karar, India, 3 n.8 commissioned collected statutes of Ricci teaches techniques of to Chinese, Putyatin, Evfimy, 443 n.349 the Great Qing), 82, 200, 201 177 Puyo f}~ peoples, 238 Sanson-Flamsteed, 193,453 n.374 Pyin Nya Zaw Ta, U, 798 n.120 burning of books during, 515 n.26 of Southeast Asian maps, 841 Pyoktong, 313,330-31 cartography, 38, 80-87 946 General Index

Qin dynasty (cont.) Qing shi gao m-~m (Draft history of the Red River, 266, 486, 487, 805 celestial mapping, 520-29 Qing), 183, 187 Red Sea, 265, 689, 828 and centralized bureaucracy, 73-74 Mountains, 38 Reefs, 833 conception of afterlife, 80 n.59 Qintianjian ~jz"7(~ (bureau of Regis, Jean-Baptiste disappearance of maps from, 75 n.26 mathematics),305 and Jesuit map of Korea, 299, 301 n.197 idea of representation, 131 Qi Shan (Mount Qi), 94 latitude of Seoul given by, 312 n.228 importance of documents, 74-75 Qiujidu J*~f.t (degrees from the pole), 525 and surveying of Great Wall, 180, 181 opposed by other states, 74 Qixing 1:::;£ (Seven Stars) (lunar lodge), 517, understanding of Korea's northern border, Qingdai xueshu gailun m-1~~VfLjtpf~1fa 538 310 (Survey of Qing scholarship) (Liang Qiyun ~ii (breath-resonance), 135-36 Rekidai teikyo narabini sengi no zu J1f1~W Qichao), 104 n.23 Quadrants gMd~~1II (The capitals of Qingdai yitong ditu (Comprehensive map of in Japan, 381 n.141, 394 historical emperors, together with a the Qing period), 186 Jesuit manufacture of in China, 551 usurpatious map), 248 n.39 Qing dynasty Jesuit use of, 181, 185 Rekirin mondoshu (Questions and answers administrative organization, 267 in Thai cosmography, 727 about the calendar) (Kamono cartography Quan m(weight), 358 Arikata), 583 n.13 abundance of, 35, 37 Quang-binh Province, 493 Relief models, 78, 80, 131 and European cartography, 177-86 Quang-nam Province, 483, 485, 497 Religion. See also Buddhism; Catholicism; European influence on, 170, 191-202 Quantification, in Chinese cartography, 28, Christianity; Jesuits gazetteers, 90, 91, 153, 188 (See also 35,37-53 in East Asia, 24 Da Qing yitong zhi) flaws in, 53-64 and Gyoki-type maps, 368 importance of, 92-93 imported from other disciplines, 96 in Japan, 365 n.80 standardization of, 87 and mensurational techniques, 116-17 and Korean cartography, 294, 295, 296 as tool of historical research, 126 pre-twentieth century, 128 in Southeast Asia, 701-2 use of variable scale, 144 reflected in Mawangdui garrison map, 151 and Southeast Asian cosmography, 728 celestial globe from, 577 Shen Kuo and, 137 and Tibetan cartography, 670 celestial mapping, 568-69, 573-74 Quantu ~lil (complete map), 479 Religious sites. See also Temples chart of arrangement for sacrifices, 81, 82 Que Mountains, 133 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 797 compasses from, 115 Quoc ngu- (romanized script), 506 on Burmese military maps, 759 countercosmography and Quoc-tu-giam, 484 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 778-84 anticosmography, 225-27 Qutan Xida (Gautama Siddhartha), 528-29 on map of Toungoo and Yamethin criticism Quynh-Iam Temple, 484 districts, 815 of classical city plan and mingtang, 224 Quy-nhO'n, 493 on plan for area near Mandalay, 827 n.97 on plan for outskirts of Mandalay, 827 of fenye, 223 RA. See Right ascension on secular Thai route map, 784 of Hetu and Luo shu, 224 Raden Vijaya, 697 Ren (people), 163 n.80 of Western cosmography, 226 Rahu,600 Ren 1n (unit of measurement), 143 demographics, 71 Railroads, 506 Renat, Johan Gustav, 682 development of intellectual discourse, Rainfall, 51 Renchao 1=~, 174, 255 n.64, 373 104-5 Rajagaha (Rajagrha), 636, 637, 778, 783 Renjian cihua ~~~~3 (Poetic remarks in hydrology, 101, 102-4, 158 Rajas, 704 the human world) (Wang Guowei), inward turn in scholarship, 107 Rajayatana, 778 128 and Jesuit cartographic methods, 92 Rajum Hani' stone, 3 Representation. See also Accuracy; Reality maps m.CP~1II accuracy of copies of Song maps, 166 Rakuchu ezu (Plan of Kyoto), Chinese theories of, 154, 158 cadastral, 84, 85, 86, 196-97 400-401,403 in early Chinese art, 130-31 of empire, 181, 190 I, King, 722, 763, 764 lack of uniformity by Chinese of Guangdong, 164 Ramagama, 780 cartographers, 180 of Hua Shan, 63, 67 RamayafJa, 737 in literature, 134-35 hydrological, 60, 61 Rangaku M~ (Dutch learning), 391, 432, and literature and maps, 131-34 of imperial capital, 191 435,437,438,441,443,454,599 and painting, 135-37 Mawangdui maps compared with, 51 Ran'yaku teiko (Account of my difficulties in pictorial (see Pictorial representation) and memorials, 102 n.21 translating Dutch books) (Otsuki in Shaanxi tongzhi, 189 number of, 189 Gentaku), 439 n.339 visual modes of, 135 of public works, 82 Rapti River, 733 Republic of Korea, 236-37. See also Korea version of Jesuit map of empire, 183-84 Ratana-ghara (Ruenkaeo), 778 Reservoirs, 321 of Wutai Shan, pl.14 Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum fur Resource maps, 75 of Yangtze River, 103 Volkerkunde, , 703-8 Results ofa Scientific Mission to Inaia ana of Yellow River, 104-5, pI. 7 Reality, 99, 128-31, 134, 135. See also High Asia (Schlagintweit brothers), of Yongding River, pl.6 Accuracy; Representation 660,661 yudi tu, 82 "Rebirth" (Tibetan game), 628-29 Rezanov, Nikolai, 437-38 relations with King Sukchong, 298 Records, geographic, 89-91 Rho, Giacomo, 569, 572 surveying, 179-85, 185-86 Red Bird (celestial palace), 520 n.61, 524, Rhumb lines, 181,383, 385, 828, 834-35 suspicion of foreigners, 83 528,556,558,579 Ri .m (Japanese unit of measurement), 346, Qingjun mit, 245, 246 Red pneuma, 89 384 n.154, 530 General Index 947

Ri If (Korean unit of measurement), 285 Rings hydrological maps of, 101 Ribenguo kaolue B *~~~ (Summary of in Burmese cosmography, 733 on Japanese maps japan),370 on ch?jnhado, 259, 260, 261, 262 docho,364 Riben xingji tu B/.$:1:r~riI (Gyoki's map of in Indian cosmology, 714 engraving of Mount Sumeru from Todai japan),458 on Korean world maps, 235 Temple, 371 Riben yi jian B/.$:-fl (Outline of japan) on Paro mural, 622 Gotenjiku zu, 372 (Zheng Shungong), 458 on Son'gi okhyong, 250 survey maps, 395, 397 Ricci, Matteo. See also jesuits on Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, 252 Naikaku map, 282, 284, 291 attitude toward Chinese, 170 Rinsenji ryo Oi Go kaihan ezu Wb}ll~~]i* Nanban-style world maps, 378, 379, calculates Chinese latitude and longitude, #~~~Yf.~*W1iI (Plan of the 462 176-77 boundaries of Oi Go owned by omitted from "Tenjiku zu," 376 and Chinese cartography, 184 Rinsen Temple), 364 shiji boji no zu, 362 on Chinese maps and text, 185 Rinsen Temple, Saga (Kyoto), maps of area shitaji chubun no zu, 363 Chinese reception of maps by, 119-20, surrounding, 364 on Korean maps 174-75 Ripa, Matteo, 181, 183, 185 n.43, 186 n.49, Chong Sanggi-style, 309 depicts round earth, 119-20 299 n.195 ch'onhado, 259, 263 establishes mission at Zhaoqing Ri-rab. See Mount Meru; Mount Sumeru in Kangnido, 289 Prefecture, 171 Ritsu 1$ (penal laws), 355 n.43 Kapsanbu hyongp'yondo, 331 and Guo Shoujing's astronomical Rituals, 72-73, 88 by Kim Chongho, 321 instruments, 550 River of Heaven, 531, 538 Korean grave-site map, 277 and japanese cartography, 347, 454 Rivers. See also Streams; and names ofrivers of Seoul, 335 and japanese celestial mapping, 595 and boundaries of nine regions, 207, 223 scroll map of Koryo, 241 japanese maps derived from maps of, on Burmese maps, 753 in Sungnam, 294, 295 404-10,426 of Amarapura, 819, 823 Taedong yoji chondo, 332 Korean copies of maps by, 250, 254 of Chiang Mai, 750, 751 in T'aengni chi, 275 Kunyu wanguo quantu, 249 of coast of Burma, 807 Tongguk chido, 236, 309 Liangyi xuanlan tu, 249 of country south of Ava, 749 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 "Shanhai yudi quantu," 176 of invasion of Manipur, pL37 town plan at Sunch'on, 238 sources for maps of, 380 n.140 of Kang Hung, 793 ¥ogyedo, 338-39 on transfer of image to woodblock, 137 of Kyauk Ye District, 815 and Korean national sacrifices, 295 n.185 n.49 military maps, 754, 755, 756 recorded by Shen Kuo, 87 transmits Western astronomical of Pakokku District, 815 on Royaume de Coree, 300 knowledge to Chinese, 569 of part of Burma, 803, 807, 813 in Southeast Asian cartography, 841, 842 world maps by, 106, 171-77, 245, 253 route maps, 785, 786-87, 817, 819 Buginese nautical charts, 834 n.57 of Salween River area, 813 Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 in Kim Yangson's map collection, 237 in Scott Collection, 760, 761 Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, as source for japanese terrestrial globes, of Shan territory, 805 829-30 391,466-67,468-69,pL24 of Tenasserim coast, 813 map of Timbanganten, 769 ¥udi shanhai quantu, 171, 172-73 of Yesagyo District, 823 regional map from Borneo, 776 Zhang Huang and, 121, 171-72 on Chinese maps regional map in National Library of Rice paper, maps on, 385, 762 in Da Ming yitong zhi, 58, 293, 294 Thailand, 766 Richardson, Hugh, 654, 655 n.152, 656 dragon map of China, 221 Siamese military map, 763, 765 Right ascension (RA) Fangmatan maps, 38, 39 Thai map of Asia, 743 on Dunhuang star map, 534, 535, 537 of Great Wall, 181 in Trai phum, 741 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 in Guang yutu, 51 in Southeast Asian cosmography in Guo Shoujing's star catalog, 551 from Han, 110 Burmese, 732, 733 of Halley's comet, 538 in Huangyu quanlan tu, 184, 185 of Jambudipa, 731-33, 736-37 in japanese celestial mapping, 602 Hua yi tu, 46, 241 Ngaju Dayak, 704, 705, 706 on Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 by huidianguan, 197-98 in Southeast Asian siting, 739-40 and lunar lodges, 525,526, 528 from Korean tribute mission, 83 on Tibetan maps on Shinsei tenkyu seisho zu, 598 Mawangdui maps, 41, 51 of Gorkha, 677 on Su Song star maps, 543, 544 Pingjiang tu, 141 of sacred places, 649 on Tenmon seisho zu, 590 in Shaanxi tongzhi, 189 of Vale of Kathmandu, 649, 657 on Tenmon sokuryo zu, 596-97 n.43 in Shui jing, 93 in Wise Collection, 652 on Ten no zu, 583, 586 in Shui jing zhu, 93-94 in tomb of Qin Shihuang, 520 in Xinyi xiang fayao, 542 as sources for yudi tu, 77 on Vietnamese maps on ¥oru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu no "Tang Yixing shan he liangjie tu," 59 of Cao-bang, 487 zu,584-85 in ¥inghuan zhilue, 108 f)qi-Man quoc-do, 496 Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden, "Yue du hai ze zhi tu," 229 in f)q.i-Nam nhat-thong chi, 505-6 659 n.161, 706, 708 ¥u ji tu, 47 in f)qi-Nam nhat-thong du--do, 505 Rikkokushi t\~.'£: (Six national histories), on European maps of Malay Peninsula, f)qi-Nam toan-do, 503 354 n.36. See also Nihon koki; 832 Gia-dinh tinh, 501 Nihon shoki; Shoku Nihongi in feng shui, 220 itinerary maps, 496 Ring mountains. See Mountains huidianguan conventions for, 200 in Le atlas, 483 948 General Index

Rivers, on Vietnamese maps (cont.) on Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 Royal Commonwealth Society, London, in Thien-nam tu--chi lQ-do thu-, 490, on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, 753, 754, 755 492 649 Royal Geographical Society, London, Tien-Le Nam- Vi~t ban-do ma-ban, 506 Pei Xiu's measurement of, 110, 111-12 752-53, 754, 755 Tong-quat map, 483 recorded by Shen Kuo, 87 Royal Library, Copenhagen, 682 used by French, 507 on regional map in National Library of Royal Museum, Toksugung palace, Seoul, Rlung-gnon Temple, 613 Thailand, 766 560-61 Ro 5~ (wolf) (Sirius), 589 on secular Thai route map, 785 Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 648, 649 Ro Koro, 383, 464 on Siamese military map, 765 Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, 564, Ro Senri, 393 on Siamese rural map, 795 566-67 Ro Sosetsu ra1j[tm, 394 n.195, 433 on Tibetan map of Tsa-ri region, 656 Royaume de Coree, 300 Roads. See also Streets; Trails on Tibetan maps in Wise Collection, 652 Royaume du Iapon (Philippe Briet), 389 on Burmese maps on Vietnamese maps n.166 of Ayutthaya, 798 of Cao-bang, 487 Rubbings cadastral maps, 791, 821, 823 Gia-dinh tlnh, 501 of Changshu stone planisphere, 554 city plan for Chiang Mai, 827 itinerary maps, 495 of Ch'onsang yolch'a punyajido (King of Kang Hung, 793 used by French, 507 T'aejo's planisphere), 562, 563, of Mandalay, 813, 825, 827 Rocha, Felix da, 186, 574 567,586 of Meiktila, 792, 793 Rock art. See also Petroglyphs; Stone drawbacks of producing, 138 of route between Amarapura and Asian areas of, 15-20 of Hua yi tu, 47 Taraek, 817 in Edakal cave, 12 of Pingjiang tu, 141 in Scott Collection, 761 Indian examples of, 2, 4 of stone map of Chang'an, 140 of Tenasserim coast, 813 lack of study of, 14-15 of stone maps of Hua Shan, 66, 67 on Chinese maps Mongolian examples of, 8 of Suzhou star map, 547 Fangmatan maps, 38, 39 prehistoric, 1 of Tai Shan quan tu, 146 in Guang yutu, 51 reference map of, 16 of Wuyue star map, 540 Hangzhou cheng tu, 62 similarity of Asian to European, 15 of Yu ji tu, 48, 49 Horinger manor map, 150 Rockhill, W. W., 669-70 Ruggieri, Michele, 170, 171 of Jingjiang Fu Cheng, 62 Rodrigues, Francisco, 828-29, 830, 837 Ruiying tu !tfffH!1iI (Map [or chart] of from Korean tribute mission, 83 Rodrigues, Joao, 575 auspicious signs), 94 Mawangdui maps, 41, 51 Rods, graduated, 101, 115-16, 118, 119 Rum (Turkey), 646 mural of Wutai Shan, 152 Rokashi r~¥T (Hotan), 409 n.251, 428, Riipadhatu (Realm of Form), 619, 625, 694, 141 Pingjiang tu, 429, pl.29 716, 718 in {eng shui, 220 n.78, 220 n.79 Rokoku rffl~U (water clock), 581 Ru River, 94 on Japanese maps Rongphun, 618 Russia Daizoho Nihon docha katei ki, 426 Rongzhou, 46, 144 expansion of prompts Japanese surveying, docho, 364 Ron'o bensho ~~~mm (Argumentation of 445-46 Gyoki-type, 369 Unki Ron'o) (Matsushita Kenrin), Japanese translations of works from, labyrinth maps, 426 407,409 435-36,437-39 Naikaku map, 282, 292 Roruva hell, 728, 729 Japan opened to trade from, 438, 443 Oei kinmei ezu, 364 Route maps. See also Itineraries; Pilgrimages n.349 Rinsenji ryo Oi Go kaihan ezu, 364 Chinese, 146, 188 of Seba County, 395 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 647 of Settsu Province, 398 Japanese, 401-2,404,414-15,422-26 Ruxiudu A1SJJt(degrees within a lodge), shiji boji no zu, 362 Southeast Asian, 776-89, 790, 816-19 525 shitaji chubun no zu, 363 Burmese, 785-89,790, 816-17, 818-19 Ryo -% (administrative institutions), 355 Shoho castle plans, 400 lack of, 700 n.43 Shoho provincial map, pl.25 Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 778-84 Ryogi shasetsu (Collected theories of heaven Shokoku docha aezu, 425 of sacred places of Buddhism, 777-84 and earth) (Nishikawa Joken), 381 Tokugawa survey maps, 397 secular, 790, 784-89 Ryokai mandalas, 373-74 Toshidama ryomen dochu ki, 427 Tibetan, 610, 612, 656-61 Ryo no gige (Commentary on the codes), on wall inside tomb, 352 Route of the Rajas, 704 355,583 and Japanese surveying, 358,453 Routes Ryukoku University Library, Kyoto on Javanese map in Bibliotheque on Burmese military maps, 758 Gotenjiku map held by, 374, 375 n.116, Nationale, 773 on "Dainihonkoku zu," 368, 369 460 on Korean maps on European maps of Malay Peninsula, Kangnido held by, 245, 246, 248-49 by Chong Sanggi, 310 832 Ryukyii Islands in Haedong cheguk ki, 271 on Gyoki-type maps, 367 aboriginal mapping in, 601-2, 603 "Hamgyong namdo," 308 on Jotoku-type maps, 387 on ch'onhado, 259 by Kim Chongho, 321 on Malay chart of Malay Peninsula, excluded from Shoho map, 399 of Seoul, 335 829-32 in Haedong cheguk ki, 270-71 Sin'an chido, 333 on Nanban-style world maps, 379,461 in Korean atlases, 258 Taedong yojido, 324, 325,327 on Nichureki, 370 n.97 Korean map of, 289 Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 on Shan military maps, 756, 757 on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 town plan at Sunch'on, 238 on Yochi zu, 370 n.98 Ryusen-type maps, 412-13 General Index 949

Sacral prostitution, 708 Sako Collection, Osaka, city plans in, 475 Sangiang, 703, 704, 705, 707, 708 Sacred Tree, 12-13 Sakra. See Indra Sanguo zhi -=~~ (History of the Three Sacrifices SakyamuniBuddha, 625 Kingdoms),272 human, and Qin Shihuang's tomb, 78 Sakyawala. See Cakravala Sanhaedo w~[I] (map of mountains and n.55 Salalavati (Sallavatti) River, 780 rivers),253 and Korean cartography, 294, 295, 296 Sal River, 241, 243 n.18 San jue -=-*,@ (three perfections), 134, 158 possible maps for, 72 Salween River "Sankai yochi zenzu" w~~tfu~[I](Map of Qing chart of arrangements for, 81, 82 on Burmese map of Eastern Shan States, the lands and seas of the earth) (in and Shang oracle bones, 514 756,757 Ron'6 bensh6), 407 Sada Kaiseki 1tcEEfrE, 392 on Burmese map of Ava, 746 Sankassanagara (Sat:tkissa), 780, 783 Sado Ch'on (Sand Map Village), 278 on Burmese map of Pegu, 807 Sankei mandara ~~~~~m (mandalas for Sadung (Sand Stairs), 278 n.124 on Burmese maps centered on Chiang visitations), 365-66 Sagaing Hills, 796, 798, 823, 825 Mai, 750 San pan ~Ii, 26-27 Saga Prefectural Library, Saga, 351, 397, on fJq.i-Man quae-do, 496, 498 "Sansen yochi zenzu" l-U}rr~tfu~1IJ (Map 399,462,466 on Hamilton's map of Burma, 749 of mountains and rivers on the Sagittarius, 524, 549, 561 on maps in Scott Collection, 761, 762 earth) (from Morokoshi kinmo Sahae eh'ongdo. See Ch'onhado Shan maps of area around, 812-13 zui),408 Saidai Temple, Nara, 405 n.239 Sameh'olli kangsan -=-T .m.rIl-U (three Sanshi ~W (government mathematicians), Saigokusuji kairiku ezu gg~1ffi~~~~111 thousand Ii of mountains and 361 (Map of the sea and land routes in rivers), 235 Sanson, Guillaume, 435 the western regions), 401 n.229, Samguk (Three Kingdoms) period,S56 Sanson-Flamsteed projection, 193, 453 423 Samguk sagi (History of the Three n.374 Saigon Kingdoms) (Kim Pusik), 242-43 Sansong l-U~ (mountain fortress), 309, on Burmese maps, 786, 788, 809, 811, n.17,273-74,557-58 341-43 816-17,818-19 Sa~sara ('khor ba, cycle of rebirth), 625 Santa Clara, 388-89 Vietnamese map of, 500-501, 502 Samud khoi (Thai bark paper) manuscripts, Sanudo, Marino, 849 Saiiki zu 1!9:t~[I] (Map of the western 721, 725, 726-27, 760, 765, 777, Saratov (Bulgar), 646 regions), 255, 460 77~ 784,840, 842,pl36 Sarawak Archives, Kuching, 838 n.33 Saiiki zu sofuku nik6 roku (Two revisions Samudra, 733 Sarnath, 780 on a map of the western regions), Samye (bSam yas) Sasaki 1tcf.l *~m ,583 373,374 n.114, 460 monastery at Sathing Phra peninsula, 785, 839, 841 Saimaly-Tash, petroglyphs from, 15-16 maps of, 664, 665, 667 Satkunda, rock paintings from, 4 Saimong Mangrai, Sao, 692, 760 model for, 672 Sato Genrokuro, 445 Saito Choshii J:JEi~fj(, 416 Tibetan locality map held by, 680-81 Sato Masayasu 1tcJIjil&Jt, 441, 443 Saka, 731 on Tibetan map in Wise Collection, 651 Sato Tsunesada fti:~m~, 598 Sakaguchi Shigeru fROa, 405 n.239 on Tibetan maps of sacred places, 649 Sato Collection, Kariya, Aichi Prefecture, Sakai, city plans of, 477 on Tibetan maps, 660, 661, 678-79, 474 Sakai 6ezu kaisei k6moku ffl*~1II25CiE~§ 680-81 Satsuma clan, 601 (Large plan of Sakai: Revised Sanba, 162 Satsuma peninsula, 387 outline) (Kawai Morikiyo), 477 Saneai tuhui (Illustrated compendium of the Saturn, 218-19, 600-601. See also Planets Sakai saiken ezu ffl*m5!~111 (Detailed plan three powers [heaven, earth, man]) Savatthi (Set Mahet), 780, 782 of Sakai), 477 (WangQi) Sawada Kazunori ~EB~~, 418 Sakai tribe, 636, 692, 697, 795-96 astral diagrams in, 554-55, 556 Sawah (wet rice) fields, 772, 773 Sakatimuna, 702 diagram of national capital from, 211 Sawai Jai Singh, 738 Sakchu,313 dili tu in, 152, 154-55 Sawbwas (Shan chiefdoms), 755, 756, 762 Sakhalin Island explains lunar eclipses, 119, 120 Scale. See also Fenlu on Dainihon enkai yoehi zenzu, 453 fenye chart from, 208 in Burmese mapping on Ezoehi zushiki, 448, 450 and Japanese celestial mapping, 584, 586 city plan for Mandalay, 800 on Ezo no kuni zenzu, 445 n.21 map of country north from Ava, 749 Japanese and Russian claims to, 443 jiu zhou in, 206 map of Upper Burma, 803 n.351 Luo shu in, 215 maps centered on Chiang Mai, 749-50 on "Kita Ezochi [zu]," 449, 450 mingtang in, 211 plan of king's apartments, 800 on Kitaezot6 ehizu, 450 Ricci's map in, 175, 176,409 plan of Sedawgyi Dam, 827 on map of Ezo from 1785-86 expedition, "Shanhai yudi quantu," 407 route maps, 788, 817 446 on shape of heavens and earth, 123 rural map of Yesagyo District, 823 on Matsumae Ezoehi ezu, 444 well-field system in, 205 in Chinese mapping, 30 on Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 440 SandamuniPagoda, 801-2, 827 Da Qing yitong zhi, 106 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 Sand mandalas, 610, 611, 621 determination of, 53-54 on Shoho map, 399, 400 "San du fu" -=-=WM (Three capitals development of, 47-48 surveying of, 447 rhapsody) (Zuo Si), 132-33 early, 41-43, 46 on Tokugawa survey map, 397 Sanfu huangtu -=-f-m1i1iJ (Yellow plans of Fangmatan maps, 43 Sa-khra (picture map), 650, 656 three capital commanderies), 524 Guang yutu, 50, 59 Sakkabhawan (Palace of Indra), 717. See Sang Qin ~~, 93, 104 Han maps, 109 also Indra, palace of Sangermano, Vincenzo, 698 Huangyu quanlan tu, 181 950 General Index

Scale, in Chinese mapping (cont.) "Ponjo p'alto chuhyondo ch'ongmok," Burmese maps collected by, 690, 692, Hua yi tu, 46 315 699, 743, 759-62, 790, 791-95 hydrological maps, 101 provincial maps, 236 Burmese maps made at behest of, 699 Jiu yu shouling tu, 46 Taedong yojido, 324, 325, 327 and survival of Burmese maps, 839, 841 lack of in Southeast Asian mapping, 841 Scott, Robert Forsyth, 760 in Da Qing yitong zhi, 189 of Bugi nautical charts, 834 Scott Collection, Cambridge University, 690, in Haiguo tuzhi, 192 on Cakravala according to Trai phum, 699, 759-62, 790, 791-95 in Shaanxi tongzhi, 189 716 Screens on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, 59 and Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 782 japanese maps on, 346, 454 lack of importance, 56-57 lack of, 782, 845 Bankoku ezu, p1.23 landscape painting, 143 regional map in National Library of Nanban-style, 461, 462, 463 Liuchao maps, 91 Thailand, 766 orientation of, 349 map made by jia Dan, 50 secular Thai route map, 785 Tenmonzu byobu, 590, 592-93 map of Great Wall in Lateran Museum, Siamese military map, 763 world maps paired with maps of Japan, 189 in Tibetan mapping, 670-71 379,386,459 maps from Horinger, Inner Mongolia, map in Harrer Collection, 675 Korean maps on 147 map of Gorkha, 677 celestial, 567-68, 578 maps of Mount Hua, 63 map of Nepalffibet border, 679 Kunyu tu, 250 Mawangdui maps, 43, 46, 147-48, 150 rnap of Sherpa village, 681 ¥ogye kwanbang chido, 337, 338-39 Ming fish-scale maps, 85 map of Svayambhunath stupa, 662 Scrolls map of Timbanganten, 766, 769 Ming gazetteers, 188 Buddhist maps on, 656 nauticalchart~53,54,55 rnaps in Scott Collection, 761 Chinese maps on, 146 maps in Wise Collection, 652 painting, 144 coastal, pl.4 Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, 650 Qianlong neifu yutu, 186 of Eastern Hemisphere, pl.15 painting of holy places in Tibet, pl.34 Tang map of Chang'an, 106 of Grand Canal at Beijing, pl.5 pilgrimage map of Mount Kailas, 659 variable, 146, 147 painting by Wang Wei, 150-51, 151-53 Wubei zhi, 64 route map from Lhasa to Assam, 660, 661 Japanese maps on, 346, 350 ¥u ji tu, 47, 113 Bankoku sozu-type, 405 zhaoyu tu, 43 on Yuan observational tower, 56 celestial maps, 581-82, 583, 586, 594, Zhongguo gudai ditu ji, 55 n.38 Scales 595,596-97 in East Asian mapping, 29, 845 bar, 319 n.240 Gotenjiku zu, 373 in japanese mapping, 347, 349 on Italian manuscript map of japan, 389 itinerary maps, 424, 426 city plan of Edo, 402 on japanese nautical charts, 382, 384, 463 Jurokusei zu, 439 n.338 Dainihon enkai yochi zenzu, 451, 452, on Nanban-style world maps, 378,461 Nanban-style, 462 453 on Tenmon seisho zu, 590 nauticalchart~382 Dai Shin koyozu, 430 in Tensho kanki sho, 594 Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 440 Kaihin shako zu, 402 n.231 Scandinavia, 249 Schall von Bell, johann Adam Granda shintei chikya zu, 434-35 Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, 414 Kitaezoto chizu, 450 and Chinese astronomy, 179-80,569 orientation of, 349 gives astronomical materials to Koreans, Ky6ho map, 399 Korean maps on 575-76 Nihon bunkei zu, 412 Kangnido, 248-49 gives Western items to Sohyon, 249 provincial, 346, 472 of Koryo, 241-42 Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Rakucha ezu, 400-401, 403 Nepali maps on, 649-50, 664 570-71,572-73 Shinpan Edo oezu, 420 Tibetan cosmography on, 630 and japanese celestial mapping, 595 Sh6ho map, 400 Tibetan maps on, 610, 642, 654, 655, Kunyu tu, 250 Tokaido bungen ezu, 424 657,661,679 revises Zuixi, 551, 571-72 Seal oil, 78 from Tokugawa period, 453, 472 Schamburger (Schambergen), Caspar, 393 Seals, 386, 391 n.183 of Tokugawa survey maps, 397 Scharer, Hans, 693, 702-3, 704-6, 708, 709 Sea monsters, 251 n.47 Zoho saihan Kyo oezu, 419 Schlagintweit brothers (Adolphe, Robert, , 354, 385, 426 in jesuit mapping and Hermann), 609, 617, 660, 661 Sea of Persia, 828 atlas of China, 104 Schliemann, Heinrich, 632 eighteenth-century, 30 Scholarship Seas. See also Oceans Ripa's version of Huangyu quanlan tu, and cartography, 104-8 in Binh-nam do, 493 181 efficacy of, 92-93 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 in Korean mapping, 30 on maps and cultural continuity, 92-95 in Buddhist cosmology, 716 Chong Sanggi's maps, 305, 306, 307, and political culture, 73-74 in Burmese cosmography, 736 309,310,313 Schools, 318, 321, 330,333, 505-6 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, p1.35 Ch'onggudo, 316, 317 Science and Civilisation in China (Joseph on ch'onhado, 259, pl.16 defense maps, 236 Needham), 849 described by Zou Yan, 264 district maps, 331 Scorpio, 538, 549, 561, 713 encircling, 204 n.5 early, 284 Scotland. See Great Britain on japanese survey maps, 395 Kangnido, 284 Scott, james George on Jiu yu shouling tu, 46 lack of on Korean map-paintings, 330 and Burmese map of Nam Mao River, in Le atlas, 483 lack of on Naikaku map, 284, 292 795 on Nanban-style world maps, 378 General Index 951

in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 704, 705 Seki Shin. See Shi Shen of Pakokku District, 815 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 490 Seki Soko, 414 n.269 of part of Burma, 809, 813 in Trai phum, 725, 726 Seki shi bosan E~ft~ (Star catalog of Pegu, 807 on Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, 252 according to Master Shi [Shi route maps, 786, 817, 819 Sea serpent, 13 Shen]), 582 n.6 rural maps, 819, 820-21, 823 Seba County, Echigo Province (Niigata Seki shi seikei bosan E~£*~ft~ (Star of Salween River area, 813 Prefecture), map of, 395 catalog and text on the in Scott Collection, 760, 761 Se Bang Hieng River, 789 constellations and the practice of Shan military maps, 756, 757 Sedawgyi Dam, 826-27 astrology of Master Shi [Shi Shen]), of Shan territory, 805 Seijutsu hongen taiyo kyuri ryokai shinsei 580 of Tenasserim coast, 752, 805, 813 tenchi nikyu yohoki £VltJ*~*~ Semelais, 710 of Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, 809 113f1I!7 m~ffjU7(tlli=f*ffl $§c (The Senbushu. See Jambiidvipa of Toungoo and Yamethin districts, 815 ground of astronomy, newly edited Senmyo calendar, 588 on Chinese maps, 39, 41, pl.5 and illustrated; on the use of Sens (unit of measure), 736 on Japanese maps, 395, pl.23 celestial and terrestrial globes Senshu Sakai no zu ~1~'lmzlIl (Plan of Japanese surveying for, 453 according to the heliocentric Sakai, Isumi Province), 477 on Javanese maps, 769, 773-74 system), 434 Seoul on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 778, 781 Seimei ko £~~ (Thoughts on the names bearing to Uiju, 312 n.231 on maps used as sources for yudi tu, 77 of stars) (Yamamoto Kakuan), 589 capital established at, 278 Nepali and Tibetan manuscripts on laying Seiryu Fffrlg (blue dragon). See Azure as capital of Yi, 559 out, 613 Dragon in Ch'onggudo, 316, 317 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, Seishozu £~III (schematic star map), 579, design of, 335 664 pl.32 distances measured from in Sungnam, 292 on regional map from Borneo, 776 Seiza no zu £J*zlII (Illustration of geodetic coordinates for, 311 on secular Thai route map, 784, 785 constellations) (Takahashi in Huangyu quanlan tu, 182 on Siamese military map, 763, 765 Kageyasu), 596 on Jesuit map of Korea, 299 on Southeast Asian bas-reliefs, 696 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 Seizu £111 (Star map), 601-2, 603 on Kangnido, 289, pl.17 kyuhyong used to make map of, 288 on Tibetan maps, 617, 649, 654, 656 Seizu hoten ka £liJ~7(~ (Star map latitude of, 288, 312 on Vietnamese maps poetry),598 longitude of, 310, 312 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 495 Sejo t!t~!fl, King. See also Suyang, Prince Manchus receive information on distances in Binh-nam do, 493 areas abandoned by, 309 n.219 from, 303 of Cao-bang, 488 cartographic efforts of, 279, 283, 289, mapping and mensuration in, 279-88 itinerary maps, 496 329 maps of, 280, 283, 330-31, 334-37 of Ml;lc-ma fortification, 488 and kyuhyong, 288, 344 as meridian, 311-12 in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 491 and mensuration, 284 shapes-and-forces maps of, 279 Settsu meisho zue t6$~,PJTIiiI~(Illustrated receives Tongguk chido, 282 Seoul National University Library (Soul description of notable places in surveying during reign of, 292 Taehakkyo Tosogwan), 236-37 Settsu Province) (Akisato Rito), Sejong t!t*, King, 568 Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-59,647 416 n.275 and astronomy, 284 Se~a, 716 Settsu no kuni Yatabe gori jori zu tI$~J\ and Chong Ch'ok, 291 Set Mahet, 780 $W1~mlil(lori map of Yatabe and Ch'orong, 342 Setsen Khan District, 683, 684 County, Settsu Province), 359 n.64 and kiri koch'a, 287, 344 Settlements. See also Cities; Towns; Villages Settsu Province, map of, 397, 398 and measurement, 284, 285 on bas-relief from Javanese temple, 697 "Seven Jewels of a Universal Monarch," 623 noncartographic accomplishments of, 283 on Burmese maps, 796-802, 822-27 Sextants, 574 northern frontier during reign of, 290 of Amarapura, 798, 823 Sgra yi don sdeb snail gsal sgron me biugs orders Pak Tonji's map redrawn, 284 of Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, 815 so (Tibetan Zhang-zhung orders survey of kingdom, 279-80, 283 cadastral maps, 791, 821 dictionary), 638, 640 and polar altitude, 288, 298 of Chiang Mai, 749 Shaanxi Province, maps of, 189, 192, 193 research projects of, 270 city plan of Mandalay, 825 Shaanxi tongzhi (Comprehensive gazetteer of seeks to standardize music, 285 of coast of Burma, 807 Shaanxi Province), 189, 192, 193 surveying during reign of, 274, 279, 292 of Gulf of Martaban, 809 Shaep, H. C., 391 n.174 Sejong sillok (Annals of King Sejong), 274, of invasion of Manipur, pl.37 Shaivite Hinduism, 659, 661 286,568 of Kang Hung, 792-93 Shaku R (unit of measurement), 402, 403, Sekai bankoku chikyu zu t!tW~~tlli~lII of Kengtung, 807 598 (Map of the world) (Inagaki Koro), of Kyauk Ye District, 815 Shalimar Gardens, 646 409 of "Lawa Yain or Wild Lawa," 809 Shambhala, 673 "Sekai bankoku sozu" t!tW~~~1II of "Maing Tsait and Maing Pone," 811 actual location of, 632 (General map of all the countries in of Mandalay area, 827 paintings of, 629, 631, 632 n.89 the world) (in Tosho zoho of Meiktila, 792 in "Rebirth," 628 setsuyoshu taizen), 407 n.241 of Mekong River area, 809 and Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-59, 647 Sekai ninkeizu t!tWA1fjliJ (Illustration of military maps, 754, 758 and Tibetan cartography, 670 the people in the world), 405 n.239 of Nam Mao River, 794 on Tibetan triptych, 634, 635 Sekaizu t!tWlII (world map), 349 of Pagan, 805 and Zhang-zhung map, 640-41 952 General Index

"Shandong dili zhi tu" w*j~!!l!zllI(Map and determining height, 116-17 n.70 constellations of, 598, 603 of Shandong's geography) (from mapmaking career of, 87 influence on Japanese celestial mapping, Da Ming yitong zhi), 293, 296 as mathematical cartographer, 50 590-92 Shandong Peninsula, 46, 57 Mengxibitan,83, 114, 115, 136-37,525 Tenmon bun'ya no zu, 586, 588, 589, Shandong Province, 184, 293, 296 n.94 590,591 , 129, 204, 216, 513-15 mensurational techniques of, 115-17 Tenmon keito, 590 Shangqing lingbao dafa (Great Praxis of the principles of mapmaking, 114 Tenmon seisho zu, 589-90, 594 n.38 supernal magic treasure), 262 n.79 and quantitative tradition, 137 and Heiten gi zukai, 592 Shang shu fiij~ (Book of the Shang), 93 Shouling tu, 69, 114, 115 scroll map based on, 596-97 Shangshu ling fiij~% (prefect of the masters on text and map, 30, 114-16 and Tenkei wakumon ehukai zukan, of writing), 113 use of literary sources, 126 591 Shanhai jing (Classic of mountains and seas) on variable perspective, 146, 147 and Tenmon keii mondo wakai sha, (LiuXin) and Yu ji tu, 50 591 alternative names for, 133 n.20 Shen Que ¥x¥t, 171 n.8 and Tensho sasei no zu, 598 and eh'onhado, 259 n.71, 260-62, 263, Shen Yue, 522 n.80, 530 Tenmonzu byobu, 592-93, 590 266, pl.16 Sheng K:Q (ink cord for carpentry), 357 n.48, Tensho retsuji no zu, 586, 588, 590-91 on country of Blue Hills, 314 n.234 358 terrestrial globes by, 391, 466-69, pl.24 described, 133 Shengjiao guangbei tu ~~JJi-U;lII(Map of Shiehi mR (market foot), 286 n.149 Hei Shui and Yang Shui in, 266 the vast reach of [civilization's] Shier zhang fa +=f!t1! (Twelve staff influence on Korean mapmaking, 843 resounding teaching) (Li Zemin), patterns),220 Shanhai jing tu. See Shanhai jing 245,246 Shigatse, Tibet, 637, 668-70, 680-81 Shanhai tu rJJmllil (map of mountains and Shengjing tongzhi ~J~Um;t (General history Shiho PBWfi (Four supports) (constellation), rivers), 253 of Shengjing), 337 n.252 579,580-81 "Shanhai yudi quantu" wml~j~~1iI ,188,338-39,340 Shiho shuku lZ!31Jm (four groups of seven (Complete geographic map of the Shen yuan 1~j! (deep distance or [lunar lodges]), 580-81 mountains and seas) (Matteo perspective),146-47 Shi ji (Records of the grand historian) (Sima Ricci), 176, 407 Shenzhu ffi$:=t (ancestral tablet), 285 Qian) Shanjing W*~ (mountains), 261 Sherpas, 617,618-19,680-81 on astrology and political events, 88 Shan language, 760, 794 Shi rt (cosmic board), 526, 527 astronomical treatise, 521, 525 Shanshui U171< (landscape), 153, 164 n.81 Shi 5l (earthly branches), 586, 599, 603 on caldrons, 128 n.l, 129 n.4 Shan States Shi 9: (history), 126 on canals, 97 artists from make Burmese maps, 741, Shi Shen 15$, 521 on Chinese astronomy, 513 839 Bu zan, 580, 581-82 constellation list in, 528 British dominion over, 760 constellations identified by on Han water conservancy, 98 Buddhism in, 701 on Chen Zhuo's star chart, 529 on Qin map collection, 74-75 on Burmese maps, 747, 760, 761, 788, on Japanese celestial globe at D6shisha on Qin Shihuang's tomb, 78-79, 81,520 804-5,808-9 University, 591 refers to Shanhai jing, 133 n.20 maps from on Japanese celestial map on scroll, Tang commentary on, 76 n.42 area between Salween and Mekong 596-97 on Xingjing, 519 rivers, 812-13 on Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 590 Zhang Qian in, 512 n.8 and border dispute between Burma and on Ten no zu, 586 on Zou Yan, 204 n.5, 264-65 China, pI.40 in Xuang xiang shi, 532 Shzji boji no zu II!r¥.Jm~1iI (map of collected by Scott, 690, 692, 699, Shi Shi bu zan,S81-82 boundary marks on all sides), 362, 759-62, 791-95 star catalog attributed to, 518-19 364 geographic, 749-50, 751, 804-5 Xingjing, 580 Shi jing (Book of odes), 72, 114 n.62, 515, "Maing Tsait and Maing Pone," Shiba K6kan ~J~1I1Ji 516,517,531 810-11 Chikyu zenzu ryakusetsu, 435 n.326 ff~.~~fR military, 755-56, 757, 812-13 Chikyu zu, 435, 436, 437 Shijitsu toshogi (Model showing regional, 752-59, 810-15 Hinkai zu, 441-42 n.345 the equality of visual and route, 776-89, 790, 816-19 Kaisei nijit: hasshuku zu, 597 substantial objects) (Sada Kaiseki), slave from makes Burmese map, 745 popularization. of Copernican theory, 435 392 Province, 337 n.252 n.326 Shijitsu toshogi zu ff~.~~1RIiI (Sketch of Shao Yong ?3~~, 225 Tenkyu zu,599-600,600-601 a model showing the equality of "The Shape of the World" (documentary), terrestrial globe by, 468-69 visual and substantial objects) 768, 770 n.66 Yoehi ryakusetsu, 435 (Sada Kaiseki), 392 n.186 Shapes and forces. See Hyongse Yoehizenzu,435,436 Shikoku. See also Japan Shells, 72 n.12 Shibata Shiiz6 ~~E8!&~ on Genroku map of Japan, 399 Shen ~ (Triad) (lunar lodge), 517, 525, Chotei bankoku zenzu, 440, 442 on Jotoku-type maps, 387 534,548,551,572 Dai Shin itto zu, 429 n.305 on Keich6 map, 399 Shen Kuo (Shen Gua, Shen Kua), 848 Shintei kon'yo ryakuzenzu, 392, 440, on Korean world map, 269 on aesthetic theory, 136-37 441-42,470-71 on Ky6ho map, 399 compared with Jia Dan, 115 . See Ziwei on map at Saga Prefectural Library, 399 compared with Pei Xiu, 114-15 Shibukawa HaFumi MEJfllf:mJ on map given to Pak Tonji, 247 and correcting for earth's curvature, 124 celestial maps by, 588-90,592-93 on map in Haedong eheguk ki, 272 General Index 953

Shilin guang ji $if'*]J{§c (Records of many Shinpan Nagasaki aezu *JfJf&~~:kktliJ on Ngaju Dayak bamboo container, 707 things) (Chen Yuanjing), 584-85 (Newly issued plan of Nagasaki), on Shinkai Nihon aezu, 411 Shimabaraya ~JJj{~, 421 421,476 on Thai map of Asia, 742 Shimaya Ichizaemon Sadashige ~~;frmti:f¥j Shinpan Osaka no zU *Jft&:*i:&ZIII (Newly in Trai phum, 737 r~JEm, 382, 385 printed plan of Osaka), 474,475 Shirakuni (White Country), 292. See also confirms location of Bonin Islands, 464 Shinpan Settsu Osaka tozainanboku machi Kyongsang Province marine charts compiled by, 383, 402, 404 shima no zU *Jft&t6$:kUG§1¥J Shiro ezu ~ktliJ (castle plans), 399-400, and surveying, 394 ~tlBJ~z[If (Newly issued plan of 401 talks by collected in Anjin no ho, 381 Osaka with the east-west and Shisha Pangma, 659 Shimazu ke monjo ~$~C3til (Documents north-south streets and islands, Shi Shi bu zan 15~~Bf (Star catalog of the Shimazu family), 397 n.211 Settsu Province), 417, 420-21, 474 according to Master Shi), 581-82 Shimizu Takao m7J

Shugaisho (cont.) Sighting tubes, 569, 574 Korean maps on, 245, 249, 345 Keicho edition, 410 n.259 Signs, cartographic. See also Conventions; paintings of uranological significance on, orientation of maps in, 349 Symbols 531-32 "Tenjiku zu," 375-76 on Burmese maps on Qing chart showing placement of Shui jing 7J<*~ (River classic) (Sang Qin), 93, cadastral, 791, 821 objects for sacrifice, 82 104 centered on Chiang Mai, 750 text on, 521 Shui jing zhu (River classic commentary) (Li city plan for Mandalay, 827 Tibetan maps on, 679 Daoyuan), 93-94 coast of Burma, 807, 809 Silla kingdom Shui Miyako meisho zue t-a-iiWijpJTlIJlr Jambudipa, 735 astronomical observatory from, 557,560 (Illustrated description of notable Kang Hung, 792-93 capital at Kyongju, 335 places in Kyoto, addendum) military, 754, 755, 759 cartography, 239 (Akisato Rito), 416 n.275 Pakokku District, 815 celestial mapping from, 556 Shui yun yixiang tai 7J

Sishu IZ!3W (Four books), 205 n.7 Solar system, 11-12. See also Planets; and Songxun ~m~JlI (travel guide), 76 Sishu I§JW (manager of ), 75 names ofplanets Sonkeikaku Library, Tokyo, 458 Sisowath, King, 728 n.83 Solor Island, 830 San-nam Province, 483, 484, 487 (seas), 716 Solstices, 10, 123, 392, 593-94 Sonp'yo *~~ (line guides), 316, 318, 319 Sitian jian 1§J7(~ (director of astronomy), Sommai Premchit, 777, 784 n.91 San-tay Province, 483, 484, 506 87 Sonch'on, 313 San xuyen (mountains and streams), 481 Siting. See also Geomancy S6ndok ~1! , Queen, 557 "The Sooloo Archipelago" (Alexander defined, 276-77 n.118 Song Inyong *1=iR, 575-76 Dalrymple),838 and distortion of Guangdongsheng Song Iyong *tJ~,252,253 Soongsil University Library, Seoul, 237 quantu, 164 Song Lian et al. See Yuan shi Sosa ;J\jfr8 (class 3 sacrifices), 295 ideal spot for, 218-20 Song Minqiu *~*, 105 Soshu Kamakura no moto ezu f§1H~~z and irregular lines, 216 Song Siyol *~~!~ ,268 *~1iI (Standard plan of Korean use of, 30, 277, 279 n.129 Songdo (Kaesong), 278 Kamakura, ), 421 of ordination halls for Burmese monks, Song dynasty. See also Northern Song Sotani Osei it~~~, 414 n.271, 418, 738, 739 dynasty; Southern Song dynasty 436-37 Song emperor's use of, 154 n.75 analysis of aesthetics, 136 n.37 Sotao, Joao, 390 Southeast Asian, 737-40 cartography Soun'gwan {i~. (astronomical board), and traditional Chinese cartography, accuracy, 166 559 153-54 compared with Tang cartography, 35 South America use by Southeast Asian ethnic groups, 738 gazetteers, 90, 92 on Bankoku sozu-type maps, 405 using geomantic compass, 217 prefectural maps, 85 Katsuragawa's map of, 436 Sittang River, 747, 749 quality, 46 on Nanban-style world maps, 378, 380, Siva, 736 stone maps, 138 461 Sixian I§J~ (director of defense works), 75 use of grids, 124 n.89 on Nansenbushu bankoku sh6ka no zu, Sizhou zhi IZ!3t1+1~ (Record of four and water conservancy, 101 n.13 428 continents) (Lin Zexu), 192 yudi tu, 82 on Ricci's maps, 120 n.78 Sizong ~,*, emperor, 569, 572 celestial mapping, 80, 540-49 on Shintei bankoku zenzu, 439 Skelton, R. A., 839 construction of emperor's tomb, 80-81 on Son'gi okhyong, 252 Slendang (shawl), 770 n.60 South Asia, 700. See also Asia; India; and Snakes cosmography, 203, 222 specific countries in Batak cosmography, 711, 712 development of jiehua, 142 South China Sea in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 704, 705, diagram of Luo shu from, 215 on Bugi nautical charts, 834 706, 708, 710 emperor eliminates straight lines on map, on Burmese map of Ava, 747 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 717 154 n.75 on Kangnido, 244, 248 on Tibetan , 626 land registers, 99 on map of Cambodia and Vietnam, 811 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 planimetric representation, 147 omitted from Burmese route map, 787 So Hosu ~1~~, 310-11 political prognostications, 210 on Thai map of Asia, 743 So Kojong ~Ji5lE, 274 n.lll redesign of fenye, 222 Southeast Asia. See also Asia; East Asia; So Myong'ung ~u'PJI, 329 schools of geomancy, 217-19 Maps, Southeast Asian; and specific Sobaek Mountains. See Greater and Lesser use of compasses, 115 countries Whites Son'gi okhyong Jg (!t) JJ.:li~ on Bugi nautical charts, 833 Sobuk p'ia yanggye malli illam chi to g§~tfBl (Demonstrational armillary sphere), calendars, 738 fXWJ:w~m~.zllJ (Synoptic 250,251-54 cartography, 689-700, 741-838, 839-42 myriad-Ii map of the double Songjong ~*, King, 270,293-94,295 (see also Cartography, Southeast frontier between them and us in the Songjong sillok (Annals of King Songjong), Asian) west and north), 340, 341 291 cosmography, 700-740 (see also Societe , Paris, 478 Songkhla, 736 Cosmography, Southeast Asian) . See Jesuits Song-koi, 805 defined,689 Sohak g§~ (Western studies), 314 Songs, 709 geographical maps, 741-827 Sohr, Karl, 442 Song shi (History of the Song) (Tuotuo et horoscopes, 738 Sohyon BB~, Crown Prince, 249, 575 al.) Japanese nautical charts of, 381-83, Soil, 86 calendar treatise, 548 463-65 Soji Temple, Yokohama, 462 on Chinese celestial mapping, 541 nautical charts, 828-38 (see also Nautical SDk 15 (unit of measurement), 318 on documents in Confucian temple in charts) Sokaku *1t (priest) Suzhou, 86, 87 on Portuguese marine charts, 347 copies Gotenjiku map, 373-74,460 on maps concerning water conservancy, reference map of, 744 Daimin sei zu, 429 101 n.13 religion in, 701-2 Gotenjikukoku no zu, 429 influence on Tensho retsuji no zu, 588 rock art in, 18 map of Jambiidvipa by, 429, pl.29 treatise on musical scales and astronomy, route maps, 776-89, 790, 816-19 terrestrial globe by, 391-92, 429, 468-69 589 n.28 in Trai phum, 721 Soken kisho ~~~1l (Sword ornaments) Song shu (History of the [Liu] Song) (Shen on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 (Inaba Tsiiryii), 465 Yue), 522 n.80, 530 on Yochi zu, 409 Sokkuram 15riMf, 239 (Srong-brtsan-sGam-po), Southern Cross (constellation), 715 Solar eclipses, 10, 180, 451, 525 614 Southern Dipper. See Nandou 956 General Index

Southern Song dynasty, 87, 91, 240. See also on walls of Takamatsuzuka burial mound, Tensho retsuji no zu, 588-89 Northern Song dynasty; Song 352 Tensho sasei no zu, 598 dynasty Stars. See also Asterisms; Astronomy; traditional maps, 595 Southern , 80-81, 539. See also Celestial mapping; Constellations; Yoru no tsuki no susumu 0 tadasu no Tang dynasty Pole Star zu,584-85 South Pole in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 Jesuits introduce knowledge of to Chinese, on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 Chinese assign reference numbers to, 527 569 on Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 in Chinese celestial mapping Jin reference numbers for, 530 stars around, in Tianjing huowen, 585 Butian ge, 532 in Korean celestial mappping on Su Song's star maps, 546 chart by Yi Bureau of Astronomy, 576 copies of King T'aejo's planisphere, on Tenkyu zu, 600-601 Chen Zhuo's maps, 529, 541 n.179 561,562,563,564,566,567 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 Chunqiu, 515 Honch'on chando, 576 Sowon :;:/WG (Confucian academies), 263 Dunhuang maps, 537 silk screen, 567 Soya Strait, 441 globe~530,531,541,550,577 Koryo sa, 559 Soyo ~m, 424 Guo Shoujing's constellation maps, 551 number of in Chinese texts, 521-22 Space Han tomb decoration, 11 on Shang oracle bones, 514 Chinese conceptions of, 144-45 Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, in Southeast Asian cosmography, 740 on Chinese maps, 158, 160 570-71,572,573 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 Chinese schematic arrangements of, Huangdao zong xingtu, 571 Indian, 714 205-16 ]ianjie zong xingtu, 570 observational techniques, 713 in mural of Wutai Shan, 152 map in Northern Wei tomb, 531 in Trai phum, 721-22, 738 in prefectural map from eighteenth­ maps from Five Dynasties tombs, 540 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 century atlas, 153 Ming charts, 552-55 Tang determinations of positions of, 538 in Wangchuan tu, 151 painting from tomb at Gaochang, in Thien-nam tu--chi If)-do thu- dan, 504 Spain. See also Iberian Peninsula 531-32 Verbiest's catalog of, 573-74 Altamira cave paintings, 15 painting in tomb at Xi'an, 523 in wayfinding, 9 influence on Japanese cartography, 347 Sancai tuhui, 554-55, 556 Stein, Mark Aurel, 532 n.141, 536 on Nanban-style world map, 379, 380 Shi jing, 516 Stereographk projection, 442 n.346 petroglyphs in, 18 Su Song's maps, 542, 543-44, 545, 546 Stick charts, 828 and trade with Japan, 377 Suzhou planisphere, 546, 547 Sticks, maps made from, 709 Specialization, 87, 88, 105 Tianjing huowen, 585 Stohr, Waldemar, 703, 704, 706, 708 Spheres, armillary. See Armillary spheres traditional maps, 595 Stone. See also Cave paintings; Petroglyphs; Spratly Islands, 743 Xuan xiang shi, 532 Rock art Square (instrument), 142 Xu Guangqi's charts, 569 Chinese maps on, 69-70 Squares. See also Nonary cosmography Yixiang kaocheng, 574, 576 celestial, 524, 539-40, 545-48, 552, as base of mingtang, 212-13 Zuozhuan, 516 554,578 in Chinese art and artifacts, 204 on Chinese constellation lists, 528, 538 Dili tu, 86 in Chinese cosmography, 203 classification of, 595 Hua yi tu, 47, 241 magk, 203, 204,212,214, 215, 632-34 in determining seasons, 8 n.29 ]iu yu shouling tu, 46 on Southeast Asian yantra, 777, 781 difficulties in mapping, 511 Map of Chang'an, 140 Srid-pa'i-'khor-lo (wheels of life), 612. See in Edakal cave paintings, 12 Maps of Hua Shan, 62-63, 66, 67 also Bhavacakras Guo Shoujing's catalogs of, 551 Pinjiang tu, 141 Sri Lanka, 716, 736, 737, 742 in Japanese celestial mapping, 603 Tai Shan quan tu, 146 Sripada, 736 ceiling of Takamatsuzuka, 579,580-81 use and production, 46, 74, 137-38 Staatliches Museum fur Volkerkunde, first printed map, 587 n.21 ¥u ji tu, 48, 49 Munich, 352 Kaisei niju hasshuku zu, 597 durability of maps on, 137 n.48 Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin-Preussischer map from Ryukyu Islands, 603 Japanese maps on, 352 Kulturbesitz, 682, 685 map from Tenbun era, 583 n.14 Korean celestial maps on, 556, 560-63, Standardization map on scroll, 594, 596-97 568,585-86 of Chinese cartographic practices, 87, 195 Seizu hoten ka, 598 prehistork maps on of Chinese units of linear measurement, Shinsei tenkyu seisha zu, 598 celestial, 11-12 185 Shi Shi bu zan, 582 cosmographical, 13-14 by huidianguan, 198, 200 star map by Go-Yozei, 583 interpretation of, 15-20 of Korean national and provincial maps, Tenkyuzu, 600-601 picture and plan, 2-8, 21-22 236 Tenmon keii mondo wakai sha, 591 Southeast Asian maps on lack of in maps accompanying Chinese Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 590, 594, 595 bas-reliefs, 696, 697 memorials, 102 Tenmon sokuryo zu, 596-97 n.43 cosmographical, 717, 726, 727 of map scale in Huangyu quanlan tu, 185 Tenmonzu byobu, 590, 592-93 Straits of Tsushima, 354 Star maps. See also Astronomy; Celestial Tenmon zukai, 590 Streams. See also Rivers mapping Ten no zu, 586 on Burmese maps brought to Korea, 249 Tensho hokusei no zu and Tensho of Amarapura, 819 on ceiling of Li Bian's tomb, 81 nansei no zu, 591 of area around Mekong River, 809 from Henan tongzhi, 191, 198 Tensho kaisei no shin zu, 598 of Auntgyi Kin Chaung Forest, 815 from local Chinese gazetteer, 90, 91 Tensho kanki sha, 593 city plan of Mandalay, 825, 827 General Index 957

military maps, 754, 756 on Chen Zhuo's star maps, 529 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 728 n.83 of Pagan, 805 and dating of Shui jing, 93 n.114 on Su Song's celestial globe, 541 plan for area near Mandalay, 827 evidence of Japanese mapping in, 366 in Tang histories, 533 route maps, 787, 817, 819 on measurement of NPD of Niuxing, 531 in Tensho kanki sho, 593-94 calculating width of, 116, 118-19 number of asterisms cited in, 532 on Thai library cupboard, 733, 734 on Chinese maps on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 in Tibetan cosmography, 621 in atlas of Guangdong Province, 190 on Zhang Heng's astral charts, 522 on Tibetan temple banner, 623 in Da Qing yitong zhi, 180 Sukchong fflit* ,King, 305 in Trai phum, 721-22, 738 in gazetteers, 153 conflict with Qing, 298 in vertically arrayed universe, 719 Mawangdui garrison map, 148, 150 and Korean military strength, 337, on walls of Takamatsuzuka, 579 Pingjiang tu, 141 342-43 in Xingjing, 529 in "Yu gong," 112 orders copying of King T'aejo's on Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, 252 in geomancy, 278 planisphere, 561 in Yueling, 519 on Javanese maps, 697, 769, 773, pl.38 orders copying of Kunyu tu, 250 on Zhang Heng's celestial globe, 522 on Korean grave-site map, 277 receives copy of Schall von Bell's Sun 'f (unit of measurement), 346, 598 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, astronomical chart, 576 Sun Quan 1**1, 140, 142 664 Sukhavati Sun Senghua ~fti1t, 531 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 704 compared with Tibetan pilgrimage map, Sunan (prince), 766, 768 on regional map from Borneo, 774, 776 659 Sunch'on, 238 replicas of in Qin Shihuang's tomb, 131 conventions in depicting, 672 Sunda Islands, 383 on Siamese maps, 765, 795 on thanka, 629, 630 Sungari (Songhua) River, 278 on Southeast Asian bas-reliefs, 696 on tshogs-zhing, 627, 628 Sungnam. See Sinjung Tongguk yoji on Tibetan maps, 648, 652, 667, 668, Western similarities in depictions of, 673 sungnam; Tongguk yoji sungnam pl.34 Sulawesi (Celebes), 741, 832 n.14 Sunpu (Shizuoka), plans of, 422 Streets, 798, 823, 827, p1.20. See also Sule, 266 Sunpu hitori annai DJff1li}~pq (Guide to Roads; Trails Sumatra, 830 Sunpu for visiting alone), 422 Stumpf, Bernard, 551 Sumeru. See Mount Meru; Mount Sumeru n.282 Stupas Sumi. See Mount Meru; Mount Sumeru Sunpu meisho ichiran zu DJffi5Mj-tfllJ k:Im~ at Borobudur, 694 Suminawa (ink cord for carpentry), (Visualized map of the scenic spots on map of NepalfTibet border, 679 357 of Sunpu), 422 n.282 ~~ on painting of Shigatse, 669 Sumisashi (ink stick), 357 Sunrise/sunset, 310 ~4 Svayambhiinath, 661-63, 681 Sumitsubo (ink pads for carpentry), Sunzi 1*r, 324 Tibetan, as mandalas, 621 357 Sunzi (Master Sun['s art of war]), 73 on Tibetan map of Tsa-ri region, 656 Sumsumaragiri, 780 Supernovas, 554, 555 ~~, SuQin 74 Sun Surakarta, 772, 773 altitude of, 98 n.7, 713 Su Shi, 135-36, 165 Surveying. See also Instruments, surveying; **i~ in Armenian petroglyphs, 11-12 Su Song Measurement; Mensuration baozhang shi and movements of, 88 armillary sphere and celestial globe by, Burmese, 800, 821, 842 541, 585 n.18 in Burmese cosmography, 725, 727 n.77, Chinese star maps produced by, 541-45, 546, 578 pl.35 astronomical, 123, 548, 573, 574 Xinyi xiang fayao, 541-44, 545, 546, calculating height of, 97 cadastral, 85-86, 100-101 548,584 on ceiling of Liao tomb, 549 and early cartography, 52 n.31 Suan wang fun 1f~~Jfa (Discourse on net and Chinese lunar lodges, 517 of Great Wall, 180-81 calculations) (Zhang Heng), 125 on Chinese pottery, 11 of Guangdong Province, 190, pl.13 , 655, 656 on ch'onhado, pl.16 lack of specialists in, 87 Subdistricts. See Administrative divisions on cosmological map on drum, 14 n.59 mentioned in Han literature, 131 Sucandra, 629 in cross section through Cakravala, 717 during Qing, 177-85, 185-86 Such'6n, 289 n.165 in determining seasons, 8 n.29 "survey of the four seas," 53, 123 Sudarsana, 716, 717, 718 in early Chinese surveying, 53 during Tang, 53, 123 Sudassana Mountains, 732 and fenye, 208 during Yuan, 53, 123 Sue Fumito ~JVI:XA, 468-69 in Indian cosmological mapping, 14 Sueyoshi Kanshiro *5WJ[9~~, 463 in Indian cosmology, 714 Japanese and cartography, 346, 347, 395 Sueyoshi Magozaemon *5~:tIf$jF~, 383 and measurement, 97 Sugoroku J.:J..t\ maps, 426,427 on Meru mandala, 621 and city plans, 421 Suicha ~~ (annual difference), 227 movements of indicated by Son'gi of coastline, 385,443 Sui dynasty, 529-33 okhyong, 251 hemp rope used in, 396 Sui fu *~§~ (pacification zone), 76 on painting in tomb at Xi'an, 523 of Hokkaido, 444 Suiren ~A (supervisor of exterior districts), in painting of Li Bian's tomb, 81 under Ino Tadataka, 439 75 on Paro mural, 622 instruments, 356-59, 393-94, 600-601 Suisai, 431 on potsherds from Yangshao culture, 129, of northern frontier and coastlines, Sui shu (History of the Sui) (Wei Zheng et 130 443-53 at.) on Qian Luozhi's celestial globe, 530 not used for Shinpan Settsu Osaka astronomical treatise, 518, 537-38 in Samye monastery, 667 tozainanboku machi shima no zu, bibliographic section, 89-90 on Shukushoji zu, 392 417 958 General Index

Surveying, Japanese (cont.) Syunik, Armenia, rock paintings from, 2, 3 Taiping, 496 prompted by Russian expansion, , 194 445-46 T~ TrQng Hiep, 506 Taiping yulan *LfSOOtr (Imperial and route maps, 402, 404 Tables encyclopedia of the Taiping reign and Takaida bungen ezu, 423-24 of declination, 185, 394 period), 541 Jesuit methods of, 181 on Ming fish-scale map, 85 Tai Shan (), 146, 167 Korean Tachibana no Togo Sanemasa ;fI.li.~, Tai Shan quan tu ~LlJ~IIl(Complete map of Changbaishan, 298 395 n.200 of Tai Shan), 146 of Choson kingdom, 279-80, 283 T'aebaek Mountains. See Greater and Lesser Taishi ling *j:4J- (grand astrologer), 88, during Silla kingdom, 239 Whites 521 by Manchus, 301-3 Taebok ch'ondo *MU~1Il (national grid Taiwan (Formosa), 198,215, 388, 689 ordered by King Sejong, 274 map), 320, 321 Taiwei *~ (Supreme Subtlety), 527, 541, and reforms of 1791, 236 T'aech'on, 313 583 n.14 survey of 1424-25, 279 Taech'on *n I(great streams), 295 Tajima Ryukei EB~~~, 437 n.332 Vietnamese, 507 Taedong chido **ti£1II (Map of the Great Takagi Hidetoyo ~*~ft, 470-71 1¥f~~1II Susan chondo (Complete map of East), 312 n.231 Takahashi Giemon rW1mf.;b~jr~, 444 the "Source of Good" [the Taedong chiji (Administrative geography of Takahashi Hiromitsu ~mJl:J'C, 447 n.360 capital]), 335, 336, 337 the Great East [Korea]) (Kim Takahashi jidayu ~m~*x, 450 n.367 River, 656 Chongho), 275, 321-22 Takahashi Kageyasu ~miti* (Sakuzaemon Su- trinh thuy hang (An embassy [to China] Taedong River (Pae River), 241, 243 n.18, the younger), 450 n.372 by water), 496 337 and astronomical observatory at Asakusa, Suvannagiritala Mountain(s), 779, 782 **.~~111 Taedong yoji chondo 439 SuvarQ.advipa (Islands of Gold), 742 (Complete territorial map of the Suwannaphum, 766 completes maps of japanese coastline, 451 Great East [Korea]) (Kim Nihon henkai ryakuzu, 440, 441 Suyang 1¥f~ , Prince, 280, 334. See also Chongho),320, 321, 328-29,332 Seiza no zu, 595 Sejo, King Taedong yojido (Territorial map of the Shinsen sakai zenzu, 440 Suzaku *~. See Red Bird Great East [Korea]) (Kim Shintei bankoku zenzu, 438-39, 440, 442 Suzhou, celestial maps at, 86, 87 Chongho), 323-28 n.348, 468-69 Suzhou (Soochow) Museum, Jiangsu Chido p'yo, 326 Tenmon sokurya zu, 596-97 n.43 Province, celestial planisphere at, cites Pei Xiu's principles of mapmaking, and von Siebold, 439-40 545-48,578 344 Takahashi Tadashi, 246-47, 248 n.39, 390 compared with maps in Shilin guang ji, coastlines on, 320, 324, 325 Takahashi Yoshitoki ~m~~ (Sakuzaemon 584-85 copying of, 328 the elder), 450 compared with other Chinese star maps, data used to compile, 322 Takamatsuzuka ~f~~ burial mound, Nara 552,553,554 format of, 327-28 and flat-earth conception, 124 Prefecture Inch'on and Kanghwa Island on, 325 influence on Japanese celestial mapping, paintings on walls of, 352-53 Japanese reprint of, 328 585 n.18 star chart on ceiling of, 579, 580-81, 602 Kaesong on, 327 Suzuki Shigetoki § , 470-71 1\IJ!~:fi .m length of Korea on, 321 Takami Senseki (Takami Svayambhunath (deity), 657 publication of, 323 Tadatsune) Svayambhunath stupa, 661-63, 672, 680-81 woodblock for, 330-31 japanese nautical charts copied by, 383 Svayambhu PuratJa, 657 Taegu, 311, 334 n.149, 463, 466 Swastikas, 12 T'aejo *W!I3., King, 559-68, 578 Nanban-style map copied by, 380 n.137 Sword guards, japanese maps on, 346 Shin'yaku Orandakoku zenzu, 442 Symbols. See also Conventions; Signs, T'aejong **, King, 242 n.17, 245, 247 n.35, 307 n.216, 342 Takashima Hodo (Wj~.1t, 422 cartographic Takashina Takakane (Wj~/Si~, 357 in Batak cosmography, 712 TaeMyong ch'onhado *f!ijj(~111 (Map of Takebe Katahiro ~$ti5k, 399 on Burmese route map, 786 the Great Ming world), 289, 345 Takeda Kango :lEtEBMft, 440-41, 442-43 on maps in Scott Collection, 760, 761, T'aengni chi (On selecting a village) (Yi Takedan Temple, Fukui Prefecture, 583, 586 762 Chunghwan), 275, 297, 334 Takkasila (Tak~asila) (Taxila), 737, 780, on Ming celestial charts, 552 Taewon'gun *JWG~, 314 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 706 Taibi. See Taiwei 781, 782 omitted from Siamese rural map, 795 Taien bundo *1II7tJ!t (large circular Taksin, King, 725 in Qin Shihuang's tomb, 79-80 protractor), 587 Talang Shan (Big Wave Mountain). See on Royaume de Coree, 300 Taihei Okazaki ezu ~LfSfl?d~ktlll (Plan of Cape of Good Hope in Southeast Asia, 19 Okazaki at peace), 422 n.282 Talc, maps in, 827, 841 standardization of by huidianguan, 200 Taiho Code of 701, 346, 361 n.66 Tamans (pleasure gardens), 772 on Taedong yojido, 324, 326 Taiho ritsuryo (Taiho code of laws), 355 Tammu (Tamu), 753, 754 on Tibetan map from Harrer Collection, Taihua quan tu *¥~III (Complete map of Tamon'in nikki (Diary of Tamon'in), 395 653 Taihua),67 Tan &.. (strips), 360 in Tongguk chido, 309 Taihua shan tu *¥U!III (Map ofTaihua), Tan Qixiang, 64 n.50 and tuang-tuang, 795-96 66 Tanaka Hisashige EBt:p~m, 392 on Wangchuan tu, 152 Reforms, 205, 346, 354, 359-60 n.65, Tanaka Ryozo EEt:p~.=., 409 n.252 Symes, Michael, 743 361 n.66, 453 Tanega Island, map of, 354 Syr Darya, 646 Taikodani Inari Shrine, Tsuwano, 468-69 Tang Ruchuan, 118 n.71 General Index 959

Tang Ruowang ~B~. See Schall von Bell, Tawang,660,661 on Vietnamese itinerary maps, 496 Johann Adam Taxes, 86,97,99,505-6,507 on Zoho saihan Kyo oezu, 419 Tang dynasty. See also Southern Tang Taxila. See Takkasila Tempon Telon (spirit), 13 dynasty Tay-kinh, 483, 484 Tenasserim coast, maps of, 746, 750, 752, acquisition of geographic knowledge, 83 Tay-sO'n dynasty, map from, 496, 498 812-13 astronomical contact with India, 512 Tehran, 644, 646 Tenbun era, 583 astronomical survey, 123 Telegraph lines Tenchi nikyu y6h6 7(:f:fu=ij(ffl$ (The use cartography, 35, 46 Burmese maps of, 789, 790, 818-19 of celestial and terrestrial globes) celestial mapping, 80, 533-40 in (eng shui, 220 (Motoki Ryoei), 434 debate over plan for mingtang, 222 huidianguan and, 197-98, 200 Tenchi nikyu y6ho kokumei 7(:f:fu=ij(ffl1t errors in records of capitals, 105....:6 , 185, 249, 569, 592 ~-ij (The use of celestial and and (enye, 222, 223 Telomoyo (volcano), 773, pl.39 terrestrial globes, names of geodetic surveys, 53 Temperature, 51 countries), 434 n.323 lack of expressiveness in art, 135 Temples Tenchi no zu 7(:f:fuZIIJ (Figures of heaven land registers, 99 Buddhist and earth), 391 literary works, 106 astral chart from, 552,553 "Tendozu" 1IJ.Jt1lJ (Chan du tu, graduated map of Chang'an, 106, 107 at Ban Mang, Laos, 727 map), 409 n.244 painting, 147, 152 n.69 at Bodh Gaya, 778 Tengaisei 7(!i!l! (heavenly umbrella), 583 political prognostications, 210 and cartography, 695-96 Tenjiku ezu 7(~ktll1 (Map of India), 460 relations with Korea, 238 and divination and geomancy, 613, 614 Tenjiku no zu ;R~ZlIJ (Map of India), 460 submission of prefectural maps, 85 on map of Drepung monastery, 668 Tenjiku zu ;R~rII (Map of India), 375-76, urban grid of, 335 on map of Gyantse, 677 460 Tang liang jing cheng(ang kao (Study of the on map of Tsa-ri region, 656 Tenkei wakumon chukai 7(*~~rl:t'ttM walled cities and wards of the two at Samye monastery, 665, 667 (Annotations to the Tianjing Tang capitals) (Xu Song), 105-6, Tibetan objects in, 612 huowen) (Irie Osamu), 591 n.34 107 Burmese, 479, 722 n.70 Tenkei wakumon chukai zukan Tan'gun *'~ ,332 on Burmese map of Ayutthaya, 798 (Annotations to illustrations "Tang Yixing shan he liangjie tu" i8-11tLt on Burmese maps of Pagan, 805, 823 contained in the Tianjing huowen) ¥llJiifjjftX:[IJ(Map of the two on Burmese military maps, 754 (Irie Osamu), 584 n.16, 591 boundaries formed by mountains Cambodian, 479 Tenkyu zu 7(ij(1iI (Illustration of the and rivers according to Yixing of on Chinese coastal map, pl.4 spheres) (Shiba Kokan), 599-600, in Ch'onggudo, 318 the Tang), 59, 169 600-601 cosmographic maps found in, 842 Tanino Ippaku :a-11-ts, 583 kaisei shokoku dochu ki taisei 7(~ Tanjong (promontories), 829 Daoist, celestial diagram from, 552, 554, a~lE~fiJiHrp~~*nX (Complete 555 Tanjong ftffii*, King, 279 n.126, 283 itinerary of every province revised Tanjong sillok (Annals of King Tanjong), Hindu in the Tenmei era), 426 279 n.126 at Angkor, 695 Tenmon bun'ya no zu ;R3t7ttfZ[IJ (Map Tanuma Okitsugu 83Wl~~, 447 bas-relief maps on, 790 n.l03 showing divisions of the heaven Tao Qian, 133 and cartography, 693-95 and regions they govern) Tao Zongyi, 63 MInak~I, 727 n.80 (Shibukawa Harumi), 586, 588, Taraek,816-17 Japanese maps of, 362-66 589,590,591 Tarout Shan, 747 on Japanese survey maps, 395 Tenmonkata 7(3t15 (official astronomer), Tartar lord (Mukedeng), 299, 301-3, 305, Japanese surveying for, 453 588 343 Javanese Tenmon keii mondo wakai sh6 ;R3t*~..rl:t' Tarum River, 769 atBorobudu~694,728 1§=fOMMJ (Questions and answers Tas (Burmese yards), 799, 801 bas-reliefs from, 696, 697 on astronomy) (Hara Nagatsune), Tashilunpo, Shigatse (monastery), 652 n.144 on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 on painting of Shigatse, 668, 669, 680-81 map of in Guangping Prefecture, 162 591 7(3t~*'1t on Tibetan triptych, 635, 637, 680-81 on maps of towns from Edo period, 420 Tenmon keito (Astronomical Tatar Strait, 441 on Nepali map of Central Asia, 646 encyclopedia) (Shibukawa Tathagata (form of transcendant Buddha), omitted from Burmese maps centered on Harumi), 590 7(3t!l!~rII 621 Chiang Mai, 749 Tenmon seisho zu (Map of the Tathagatama1JQala, 620, 673 omitted from Gia-djnh tinh, 501 arrangement of stars and Tatsumi Islands, 464 on Pingjiang tu, 141 constellations) (anonymous Taungbo Township, Burma, map of, 792, plan for temple by Mandalay Hill, 801-2 [Nagakubo Sekisui]), 594, 595 793 on plan of Golden Temple and environs, Tenmon seisho zu 7(3tffX~1II (Shibukawa Taung Lay None monastery, 798, 799 827 Harumi), 589-90, 591, 592, 594 Taurus, 534, 548,549,561 on Siamese rural map, 795 n.38, 596-97, 598 Tavatirp.sa (Thirty-three Gods) heaven, 728, on Southeast Asian bas-reliefs, 696 Tenmon seisho zukai ;R3t£~II1M 730, 731, 734 Southeast Asian siting of, 739 (Explanation of mapmaking in Tavoy, 737, 747, 750, 752 on Tai Shan quan tu, 146 regard to the arrangement of the Tawadeintha festival, 728 Thai, Trai phum on walls of, 722 stars and astronomical phenomena) Tawa Library, Shido, , in Vietnamese atlases, 483, 484, 490, (Nagakubo Sekisui), 593 n.37, 594 456-57 505-6 n.38 960 General Index

Tenmon sokuryo zu ;R3t~tlfl:lII made by , 836 of Dunhuang region, 614 (Astronomical survey map) mounted within armillary clock, 298 of Patan, Nepal, 678 (Takahashi Kageyasu), 596-97 from Yuan, 119 n.77 pilgrimage map of Mount Kailas, 657 n.43 Terrestrial plane, 252 of Potala palace, 678 Tenmonzu byobu ;R3tIllJnM (Drawings of Teshio-kuro (people of Teshio), 444 route map from Lhasa to Assam, 661 the celestial sphere on a folding Text of Samye, 678 screen) (Shibukawa Harumi), 590, on Burmese maps of Svayambhunath stupa, 662, 663, 680 592-93 of Amarapura, 823 in Wise Collection, 651 Tenmon zukai ;RXfllm (Astronomy of Ayutthaya, 798 and Trai phum, 721, 731 illustrated) (Iguchi Tsunenori), collected by Francis Hamilton, 745 Tha Chin River, 742 590-91 depicting monks encircling Potala Thailand. See also Siam; Trai phum Ten no zu ;RzllJ (Map of the heavens), palace, 668 Burmese maps of, 808-9 583,586 military maps, 753, 755 Chinese influence on painting of, 722 Tenpo x,!*provincial maps, 397 in Scott Collection, 761, 762 cartography (see Cartography, Thai) Tenri Central Library, Tenri, Nara Shan map of border dispute between cosmography, 693, 719, 725-28 city plans of Nagasaki at, 475 Burma and China, pl.40 Lake Anotatta on cupboard from, 733, copy of Kangnido held by, 246-47,249 route map of lower Irrawaddy River, 734 Gyoki-type map owned by, 458 817 maps (see Maps, Thai) Italian manuscript map of Japan at, on Chinese maps, 96-127, 158 monasteries, mural paintings in, 722 388-90 in atlas of Guangdong Province, 190 as part of Southeast Asia, 689 Mongolian maps held by, 682 coastal map, pl.4 temples, 694, 695, 696 Tensen chiho no zu ;R~ttB15Zll1 cosmography, 203 in Trai phum, 741 (Planisphere with astronomical in Da Ming yitong zhi, 58 Thai-nguyen Province, 488 lines),464 in gazetteers, 91, 188 in An-nam hinh-thang do, 489 Tenshi. See Tianshi grids and, 126 maps of, 483 n.22, 484,506-7 Tensho hokusei no zu ;R~~t£zliiJ on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pI. 1 on T6ng-quat map, 483 (Celestial map of the Northern in Haiguo tuzhi, 192 Thakkola (Thag), 661 Hemisphere) (Iguchi Tsunenori), in Huainanzi, 110 Thalang, 736 590,591 hydrological maps, 101-2, 103-4 Than Tun, 692, 743, 798 n.120, 839 Tensho kaisei no shin zu x~2~lEZ~lIJ importance of, 64, 171, 228 Thang-Iong, 499, 500. See also Ha-nQi (Revised star map), 598 in Kangxi Jesuit atlas, 185 maps of, 484, 486, 506 Tensho kanki sho ;R~~MJ~Y (Brief lack of on Yu ji tu, 113 Thanh (walled cities), 485 explanation of astronomical and measurement, 109-10, 113-17,228 Thanh-hoa Province, 483, 485, 491 phenomena) (Nagakubo Sekisui), Pei Xiu and, 110-13 Thankas (thang-kas, painted cloth hangings), 593-94 religious maps, 64 n.52 616,676-81 Tensho nansei no zu ;R~l¥i£zfi1 (Celestial in Shui jing zhu, 93 cosmographies on, 625, 626 map of the Southern Hemisphere) on Tang map of Chang'an, 106 depicting Mount Meru, 621, 623 (Iguchi Tsunenori), 591 traditional geographic works, 59 depicting monasteries, 665, 666 Tensho retsuji no zu ;R~9U~Zfli) (Map of Wang Yong on, 64 n.50 depicting Shambhala, 631, 632 n.89, 635 the arrangement of stars and Yu gong diyu tu, 112 depicting SukhavatI, 629, 630 constellations) (Shibukawa and East Asian maps, 29-31, 267 depicting Ti-se, 659 Harumi), 586, 588, 590-91 efficacy of scholarship, 92-93 relating to Gesar epic, 638 Tensho sasei no zu ;R~~£zllI (Map of on Javanese maps, 769, 773, 840 Theatrum orbis terrarum (Abraham all the stars in the heavens) on Korean maps Ortelius), 347, 377 (Umetani Tsunenori), 598 Ch'onha kogum taech'ong pyollamdo, Theravada Buddhism. See Buddhism; Tenzin Namdak (bsTan-'dzin rnam-dag), 268 Hinayana Buddhism 624 on Taedong yoji chondo, 332 Thibaw, King, 756 Terajima Ryoan, 431 n.309, 444 n.355, 585 on Taedong yojido, 326-27 Thien-hq ban-do (Maps of all under heaven Teramoto Enga, 642, 643, 673 by Na Hiingyu, 243 [the empire]) (Le atlas), 482-85, , 461, 463 and map on batik shawl, 770 486,487,490,496,499,504 Terrain maps, 75 and maps, 845-46 Thien-nam If)-do (Route maps of Thien- Terrestrial globes and measurement, 109-10 nam),495 Buddhist, 455 on Meru mandala, 621 Thien-nam tu--chi If)-do thu- (Book of maps European, 390-91,433 on Mongolian maps, 685 n.12 of the major routes of Thien-nam), introduced to Japan, 377 on Nepali map of Vale of Kathmandu, 490-92,496,502 Japanese, 390-92,466-71 650 Thien-nam tu--chi If)-d0 thu- dan copied from Granda shin'yaku chikyu and Ngaju Dayak maps, 703, 704, 705 (Introduction to the book of maps zenzu, 437 on regional map from Borneo, 775, 776 of the major routes of Thien-nam), Dai yochi kyugi, 392 and shape of world, 117-24 503-4 by Shibukawa Harumi, pl.24 on Southeast Asian maps, 841 Thien-phuc Temple, 484 by Sokaku, 391-92,429 in Thai cosmographic manuscript, 727 Thien ttli nhan dam (Concerning ideas of a sources for, 391-92 n.77 thousand years) (Dam Nghia Am), Korean, 343, 344 on Tibetan maps 499,500 Son~iokhyong,249-54 of Drepung monastery, 666, 668, 676 Thieu-tri emperor, 504 General Index 961

Thomas, Antoine, 185 divination diagrams, 632-34 Todai Temple, Nara Prefecture , 742 geographic maps, 609, 614, 638-70 Chinese celestial maps and books in Three-dimensional maps, 82 conventions for, 616-17 catalog in Shosoin at, 580 Three Kingdoms, 529-33 in Harrer Collection, 653-54 engraving of Mount Sumeru at, 371, 372 Thu-a-chinh (seat of the provincial pilgrimage and other route maps, maps at, 351-52 government), 483 656-61 maps of paddy fields owned by, 355, 361, Thu~n-chau, 483 plans of towns, monasteries, and other 456-57 Thu~-h6a Province, 483, 485, 493 small localities, 661-70 surveying instruments at, 357, 358 Thua-thien, 505 regional, 644, 645, 646-56 Togam W~ (temporary office), 307 n.213 Thubten Jigme Norbu, 624 of sacred places around Lhasa and To genjo sanzo Gotenjiku zu fflfz~.=.• .li Ti If (embodiments or principle), 114 n.61, Kathmandu, 648-50 7(~1IJ (Xuanzhuang, Map of the 198 scarcity of, 638 Five Indias), 460 EE (field), 124, 139 in Wise Collection, 650-53 Togo no Sho, H6ki Province (Tottori Tianhanhe "7(1~11lJ (Celestial Han River world maps, 610, 638-46, 671 Prefecture), map of, 363 [Milky Way]), 516 geomancy and divination, 614 Tohoku (Ou), 385, 387 Tianhougong Temple, Putian, 555 holy places in, pl.34 Tohoku University Library, Sendai, 464, 476 Tianhuang Dadi "7(~::k* (Great Celestial independence of, 654 n.148 Tohwa IIiIII (illustrations), 280 Emperor),531 Jesuit surveying of, 185-86 Toin Kinkata, 368, 369-70 , 180 lack of rock art in, 15 Tojo Shinko *f~llim, 429 n.305 Tianjing huowen 7(*~~rl:f~ (Questions and mandala from, pl.33 Tojok IiIm (maps and registers), 239 answers on astronomy) (You Yi) manuscripts from, 613 Tojling 31!~ (monk), 557 and Heiten gi zukai, 592 on map of China in Da Ming yitong zhi, Tok m(drains), 295 importance of, 584, 585 58 Tokaido (Tokai road), 402 influence on Tenmonzu byobu, 590 mapped by Jesuits, 299 Tokaido bungen ezu *mliEl7tra~KtllI teaches Japanese about European maps (see Maps, Tibetan) (Surveyed route map of the Tokai astronomy, 599 not included in Gujin tushu jicheng, 184 road) (Ochikochi Doin), 423-24 and Tenkei wakumon chukai zukan, 591 paintings, 613 n.28 Tokaido Kanagawa onboeki ba *#i31!ffil$~ "Yushu jingtian hedi zhi tu," 430 reference map of, 608 ) r IOOji~~ (Map of the Tianmu Shan, map of, 157 Tides, 592 Kanagawa trading port, Tokai Tianpan "7(fi (heaven plate), 527 Tien-Le Nam- Vi~t ban-do ma-ban (Copy of road),422 Tianshi "7($ (Celestial Market), 527, 541, the atlas to Vietnam of the former Tokaido meisho ichiran *ml~i1PJf-. 583 n.14 Le dynasty), 506 (Panoramic view of famous places Tianshui, Fangmatan maps found at, 38 Tierra del Fuego, 461 on the Tokai road) (Katsushika Tianshui Beidaoqu Wenhuaguan (Cultural Tigers, 499, 519. See also Animals Hokusai),424 Center of Beidao District of Tiles, roofing, 524 Tokaido meisho zue *ml~i1PJTlI1wr Tianshui), 40 n.l0 Tiloka, 696, 783 (Illustrated description of notable Tianwen "7(x (patterns of heaven), 165 Timbanganten, Javanese map of, 766, places on the Tokai road) (Akisato Tianwen da cheng guan kui jiyao (Essentials 767-80, 840, 842, pl.38 Rito), 416 n.275 of astronomy) (Huang Ding), Time, 88, 310. See also Clocks Tokaido michiyuki no zu *#i~Jm1j~.IiiJ 588-89, 590 n.31 "Ti Mi Yuanhui hua" Jm=*5GBlfl. (Itinerary map of the Tokai road), Tianwen huichao "7(xl1iMl (A collection of (Inscribed on a painting by Mi 422-23,424 manuscripts on astronomy), 551 Yuanhui), 163- 64 ,,*O)ra~ (alcoves), 405 "Tianwen jingxing" "7(X*~£ (The stars of Timor Island, 830, 834 Toksodang ~W~ (informal village the heavens) (in fin shu), 518 Tin Maung 00, 756 n.36, 789 n.99, 797-98 schools), 263 Tianwen tu "7(xllJ (Astronomical chart), n.117, 801 n.127, 802 n.128 ~)r 1*1*, 376, 394 545-48,552 sketch of Burmese military map, 759 n.193, 444 "Tianwen zhi" 7(X~ (Treatise on Tinkar, 659 n.161 Tokugawa Mitsukuni ~)r1*8, 382 n.147 astrology), 89, 210 n.24, 521-22, Tipi~aka, 738, 739 Tokugawa Yoshimune ~)rla*, 399, 527 n.l03 mahatmya (record of "eminent places 432-33 Tianxia 7(T (all under heaven), 203, 258, of pilgrimage"), 657, 670 Tokugawa shogunate 267 Tirthas (pilgrimage places), 657 cartography during, 453 Tianxia shengping "7(T ~zp. (ascendant Ti-se (Kailas), 657-59. See also Mount compilation of provincial maps, 472, pl.25 peace in the empire), 301 Kailas production of itinerary maps, 423 Tibet Tiwah (feast of the dead) ceremonies, 13 surveying during, 396-404 astrology, 632-34, 670 "TLV" mirrors, 214-15 Tokyo. See Edo border with Nepal, 678-79 To/-do III (map), 279 , Tokyo, 459, 461, Buddhism (see Buddhism, Tibetan) Toan 31!3i:, 271, 345 463,465 cartography, 607-85 (see also Toan-do (complete map), 479 Tokyo Prefectural Secondary School, 470-71 Cartography, Tibetan) Toan-t4P Thien-nam If/-do thu- Tokyo University Library, Tokyo, 473 Chinese influence on architecture, 613 (Compilation of route maps of Tomb period, 356 Chinese maps of, 614 Thien-nam),495 Tombs Chinese treatment of cultural legacy, Todaiji sangai shishi no zu *::kF.0..Imll9 Chinese 611-12 ~IIJ (Map of the premises of Todai Five Dynasties, 539-40 cosmography (see Cosmography, Tibetan) Temple), 355, 361, 362 lunar lodges on ceiling of, 523-24 962 General Index

Tombs, Chinese (cont.) Toshidama ryomen dochu ki 1f.3s]AtijOO3ll hells in, 728, 729 lunar lodges on chest from, 519, 520 t::p~~ (Itinerary printed on both jambudipa in, 730-33, 736-37 objects found in, 151 n.67 sides, a New Year's gift), 426, 427 map of Asia in, 741-43, 839, 842, pl.36 star maps on ceilings of, 520, 531-32, Toshodai Temple, Nara, 349, 368, 369, 390, nibbana in, 730 537,548, 549,p1.31 458 selections from in Thai cosmographic japanese, star chart in, 579, 580-81, 602 Tosho zoho setsuyoshu taizen m~tfJMtifjm manuscript, 727 n.77 Korean ~*~ (Enlarged dictionary), 407 swimming elephant in, 785 celestial diagrams in, 556, 558, 559 n.241 and Thai library cupboard, 734 from Koguryo period, 343 Toson 3]!IDt, 278 Wenk's study of, 692 Vietnamese Tos6ngdo W~1il (Map of the capital), 335, Traktok monastery, Ladakh, 680-81 diagrams of, 507, 508 337 Tran Van H<;>c, 500-501, 502, 506 in Le atlas, 484 To Temple, Kyoto, 373, 374, 375, 429 Tran dynasty, 479, 480, 507 TOng (upland community or settlement), Toungoo, 747, 816-17 Tran Vii, temple of (Hanoi), 480, 484 488,492 Tourism, 612, 656 n.157 Trapezoidal projection, 181, 199,453 Tongguk chido *m:t~1Il (Map of the "Tower of Silk Paintings," 635 Trawulan (), java, 697 Eastern Country [Korea]) Towers, 62,480, 585 n.18 Trayastrirpsadevaloka (Tavatirpsadevaloka) album of district maps, 319,320 Town plans. See City plans (Thirty-three Gods), 716. See also by Chong Ch'ok and Yang Songji, 282, Towns. See also Cities; Settlements Tavatirpsa heaven 283-84,291 on "Hamgyong namdo," 308 Treaties, 83, 747 in Chong Sanggi style, 307-9 on Korean maps of China, 268 A Treatise Describing and Explaining the Tongguk sansurok. See T'aengni chi on maps redrawn by huidianguan, 198 Construction and Use ofNew Tongguk tae chido *~*:tfulll (Great map on mural of Wutai Shan, 152 Celestial and Terrestrial Globes of the Eastern Country) (Chong on YongHo nam y6nhae hyongp'yondo, (George Adams), 434 Sanggi), 307 341,342 Treaty of Yandabo, 747 Tongguk yoji sungnam *~~:tfuOO. Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library), Tokyo, 472, Tree of Life (Complete conspectus of the 478 as axis mundi, 706 n.20 territory of the Eastern Country) Toyo shokoku kokai zU *1$~~~M~1i1 in Batak cosmography, 712 (Yang Songji), 274, 294 n.179. See (Chart of the eastern countries), in Edakal cave paintings, 13 also Sinjung Tongguk y6ji sungnam 463 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 703,704, Tongna~28~329,334,pI.19 Toyotomi Hidetsugu Il§**, 396 706, 707, 708 **~0r2J:t~1i1 Tongnae Pusan ko chido Toyotomi Hideyoshi Il§*s Tree of , 624 (Old map of Tongnae and Pusan), death of, 340 Trees. See also Vegetation 329, pl.19 invasion of Korea, 248, 270, 292, 387, in Burmese cartography Tong-quat map, 482-83, 485, 490, 495 568 of Ayutthaya, 798 Tong'yo chido *~:tfuli1(Map of the and japanese piracy, 381 n.143 cadastral maps, 791, 821 Eastern Territory [Korea]), 276 map on fan owned by, 458 city plan of Mandalay, 825 Tong'yo ch'ongdo *~~1iJ (General map orders compilation of national maps, 395 of country south of Ava, 749 of the eastern territory), 306, 312 and surveying, 396, 397, 453 depicting monks encircling Potala n.231, 321 and terrestrial globes, 390, 391 n.183 palace, 667, 668 T'ongyong (Ch'ungmu), 342 Tozai kairiku no zu *~~~~zli1 (Map of military maps, 754, 756 Tongzhan daxiangli xingjing imCi*~M~*~ the east-west sea and land routes), (The great firmament star manual plan for temple by Mandalay Hill, 802 common to astrology), 519 n.52, 423,424 plan of Sedawgyi Dam, 827 *~mJ~1iJ 529 Tozai kairiku zu (Map of the of Tenasserim coast, 813 Tongzhi (Comprehensive treatises) (Zheng east-west sea and land routes), 423 of Toungoo and Yamethin districts, 815 Qiao),541 n.285 on cave at Powun-daung, 726 Tongzhou, 163, 196, pl.3 Trq.i (camps), 488 in Chinese cartography Tongzhou zhi (Gazetteer of Tongzhou), 163, Traibhumikathii. See Trai phum early maps, 41 196 Trails, 762, 819. See also Roads; Streets Fangmatan maps, 38-39 TonIe Sap, 787, 809 Trai phum (Story of three worlds) (Phya of Guangdong Province, 190 Tonsure ceremony, 693 Lithai), 840 ]iu yu shouling tu, 46 Tools, and jiehua, 142-43 astronomy in, 738 in Mengxi bitan, 136-37 Topographic maps, Chinese, 41, 42, 43, 69, as atlas, 842 in Shanhai jing, 263 89,217-18 and Buddhist cosmology, 696 Wangchuan tu, 151 Topography, 73, 617, 656 Cakravala in, 716, 730-31 and construction of Qin Shihuang's tomb, Topology, 4 compared with , 738 78 Toponyms. See Place-names compared with Burmese Cakkavala, 727 earth compared to, 702 (gateways to Shinto shrines), 352 n.77 in japanese cartography Tortoises compared with pilgrimage map of Vale of map in japanese tomb, 352 in Batak cosmography, 712 n.39 Kathmandu, 657 "Tenjiku zu," 376 in Southeast Asian cosmography, 717 cosmography in, 841 on Javanese map of Timbanganten, 769 Tibetan astrological table in shape of, 633 described, 720-23 in Korean cartography on Tibetan divination diagrams, 632, 634 European elements in, 698 Andong upto, 334 Tosa Bay, 387, 399 four continents around Sumeru in, 725-26 ch~nhad~25~259,263,pI.16 , 366 geographic maps in, 763 Sin'an chido, 333 General Index 963

Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 Tshogs-zhing (field of assembly), 625, 627, Tushu bian (Compilation of illustrations and on Lanna Thai pilgrimage map, 781 628 writings) (Zhang Huang), 121 on secular Thai route map, 785 T'sing-Ioung-tseu Temple, Chang'an, 642 on shape of heavens and earth, 122 on Siamese rural map, 795 Tsong-kha-pa, 625, 635 "Sihai Hua yi zongtu," 175,262,373 in Southeast Asian cosmographies, 730 Tsubo jtp (one square cho), 360 "Wanli Changjiang tu," 166 on Thai library cupboard, 733 Tsuchimikado ±oor~ clan, 581, 582-83, "Yudi shanhai quantu," 171,172 Trai phum, 722, 725, 726 598 Tu~ita heaven, 627, 628, 716-17, 718 on tuang-tuang, 796 Tsugaru peninsula, 387 Tuumet Banner, 684 in Tibetan cartography, 652, 671 Tsuina, 366 n.86, 367-68, 454 Tuva Rep~blic, prehistoric maps of, 21-22 conventions for in painting, 616 Tsurugaoka Hachimangu shuei mokuromi Tuxiang 1iJ~ (illustrations and divination diagrams, 634 ezu rtlflijjJ\~'§1~~§BRlt~ktliJ representations), 75 n.31 landscape paintings, 648 (Plan for building and repairs of Tuxun ±wll (royal scout), 76 map of Gorkha, 677 Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine), 364 Tuyen-quang Province, 484, 506 on scroll, 610 Tsushima Island Tuzhi liJit(illustrated record), 90 on temple banner, 623 on Jesuit map of Korea, 303 Tweevoudigh onderwiis van de hemelsche en in Vietnamese cartography on map given to Pak Tonji, 247, 284 aerdsche globen ( in An-nam hinh-thang do, 495 on maps in Haedong cheguk ki, 270-72 Blaeu),434 on Dqi-Nam toan-do, 503 maps of, 271, 272 Type, movable, 270 n.100 Tremayne, David, 678-79 in Sungnam, 295 Typus orbis terrarum, 378, 380 n.134, 461 Trengganu, 832 Tsiiyo ~W (priest), 374 Triangular Shape (Triangulum) (star), 573 Tu fI1 (maps or plans) U (Burmese honorific). See second element of Triangulation ambiguity about graph of, 72, 133, 144, name and celestial phenomena, 97-98 153 Ubon (Ubon Ratchathani), 766 WJ\-='~~ and city plan for Mandalay, 800 and cosmography, 213, 224 Uchiyama Hachisaburo pg , 464 and distance, 116 early references to, 74, 262 Uiju, 292, 299, 312 n.231, 313, 334 and height, 11 7 n.70 etymology of, 26-27 Uji Islands, 388 in Japan, 399 n.222 in gazetteers, 156-61, 188 Ukiyoe r¥t!tkt (pictures of the floating and longitude and latitude, 185 and Vietnamese terms for map, 479 world), 349, 410 n.258, 412, 424, p1.27, pl.28 and Pei Xiu's principles of mapmaking, in Yuanhe junxian tuzhi, 90 110, 111 Ula, 276, 338-39, 340 in Zhou Ii, 75 and width of streams, 118 Ula difang tu ,~p"'J:ti£1J1IJ (Map of the Ula Ttf' (temples), 484 Tribes, Southeast Asian region), 337 n.252 Tuan (guard posts or stations), 484, 485 cosmography of, 702-12, 713, 714 Ullung Island, 309 Tuang-tuang (musical instrument), 795-96, and divination, 710-11 Uma Michiyoshi I~~.m. 391 840 , in mortuary cults, 702-10 Umetani Tsunenori m~tg~, 598 Tudi xingxiang ±:ttB~~ (representations of versus nontribal societies, 701-2 Unbyong jNmL (silver vase), 240, 295-96 the land), 75 n.29 Tri~u Da, 484 Tudi zhi tu ±:ttBzliJ (land maps), 75 Trigault, Nicolas, 137 n.49, 171 n.3, 172, in Batak cosmography, 712 n.39 Tt,r-duc emperor, 504-5 174 map of from Daoist canon, 167 Tuhua jianwen zhi (Record of experiences in Trigonometry, 355 in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, 703, painting) (Guo Ruoxu), 136 Trigrams 705-6, 707, 708 Tuita (Blissful Gods), 718 in geomancy, 222 Ungjin River, 241, 243 n.18 Tuji 1II~ (maps and documents), 74, 77, 82 on geomantic compasses, 217 , 438, 443 n.349 1iJ*~ in mingtang, 212 Tujing (illustrated classic), 90, 91 Universes in Yi jing, 130, 134,214, 215 Tsewang, 659 Buddhist and Hindu structure of, 719-23 Trikiita Mountains, 734 in Buddhist cosmography, 619 Trinh (local polity), 496 on Chong Sanggi's maps, 310, 340 in Indian cosmology, 714-15 Trinh Hoai Duc, 501 on Jesuit map of Korea, 303 vertical plan of, 716-17 Trinh family, 479, 483, 485-87, pl.30 in Korean geomancy, 278 Universitatsbibliothek, Munich, 352 Tripiraka (Three baskets), 533. See also and Manchu threat to Korea, 298 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Tipitaka Mukedeng attempts to find source, 301 352,473-76 Trisuli River, 661 on Pukkwan Changp'a chido, 302 University of California-Berkeley, 461 Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn on Sobuk p'ia yanggye malli illam chi to, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 479 on Bankoku sozu, 405 340 University of Kyoto, 594 n.38 on Burmese cosmography, 736 in Sungnam, 294 Unno, Kazutaka, 120-21, 697 on Huntian yiyong xingxian quantu, 599 Tumet Banner, 684 Unsan, 313 on Japanese marine charts, 463 Tuotuo, 541, 548 Unul, 289 n.165 omitted on Nanban-style world maps, 462 Turkey, 646 Up ES (district), 237, 329 on "Sansen yochi zenzu," 408 Turner, Samuel, 637 Upaguttathera (Upagupta; Phra Uppakhu~), on Tenkyu zu, 599 Turpan, 188,537,539 777, 784 Trung-d6 (Thang-Iong [Hanoi]), 484 Turtles, 493, 559. See also Animals Upchi E3tt (local histories), 322 Tsa-ri region, 654-56 Tusalayci Gung Banner, Setsen Khan Upper Burma, 820-21, 822-23 Tsai Fa Cheng, 125 n.102 District, map of, 684 Upperworld, in Ngaju Dayak cosmography, Tsangpo/Brahmaputra River, 637, 653, 656 Tushu lilif (charts and documents), 77 703, 704-5, 706, 707, 708 964 General Index

Upto 13111 (district maps), 279, 329 on Hindu map on batik shawl, 772 Virgo, 539, 549, 561 Urame _ § (graduations on the reverse), on Javanese map of Timbanganten, 769 , 716 358 on Nepali maps, 646, 664 Voleanoe~767,768,769,773 Uranography, 511 n.1 on secular Thai route map, 784, 785 V6lkerkundemuseum, Basel, 703 Urati hieroglyphs, 11-12 in Shanhai jing, 133 V6lkerkundemuseum, University of Zurich, Urokogataya Magobee, 425 on Siamese military map, 765 653-54,675,703,706 Ursa Major. See Beidou; Big Dipper; Great on Southeast Asian maps, 841, 842 Vollstandiger Universal-handatlas der Bear on Tibetan maps neueren Erdbeschreibung iiber Urup Island, 447 of Gorkha, 677 aile Theile der Erde (Karl Sohr Usa Hachimangu ezu ~~}\IfI'§ktlll(Map of Menri monastery, 679 and Friedrich H. Handtke), 442 of Usa Hachiman Shrine), 364 of Tsa-ri region, 656 Volvelle, 593-94 Usuki City Library, Oita Prefecture, 462 in Wise Collection, 652 Von Siebold, Philipp Franz, 439-40, 441, Uttarakuru on tuang-tuang, 796 453 in Burmese cosmography, 724, 725 Vela, 538 Vu-O'ng phu, 483 on Burmese painting of Cakkavala, pl.35 Vellum, maps on, 350, 385,463,464,465 on Cakravala according to Trai phum, Veluvana, 778 Wada Hyodayii fDEE~j(x, 447 n.361 716 Venus, 218-19, 521, 530, 559 Wagenaar, Zacharias, 391 on Meru mandala, 621 Verafija, 780, 782 Wakan sansai zue (Illustrated encyclopedia on Paro mural, 622, 623 Verbiest, Ferdinand of Japanese and Chinese things on Tibetan temple banner, 623 celestial globe by, 574, 575, 578 related to the three powers) and Chinese celestial mapping, 573-74 (Terajima Ryoan), 431 n.309, 444 Vagnoni, Alphonse, 171 and Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 n.355, 585 Vaisall, 780 Korean copies of maps by, 254 Waka fD~ poem, 411 Vaishnavite Hinduism. See Hinduism Kunyu quantu, 253, 254 Wakasugi Bf~ family, 581 VajrapaQ.i, 623 n.64, 633. See also Buddhas Verisimilitude, 133. See also Accuracy Wakatsuki no Sho, Yamato Province (Nara Valek, Gerard and Leonard, 391,433, Verstegen, Willem, 391 Prefecture), map of, 363 434-35,468-69 Vesali (Vaisall), 780 Walls Valentyn, Fran~ois, 836 Vien Khao-Co (Institute of Historical in An-nam hinh-thang do, 490 Valignani, Alessandro, 170, 370 n.102, 377, Research), Saigon, 478 on/Burmese map of Amarapura, 798, 823 389. See also Jesuits Vien Nghien Cuu Han Nom (Sino-Nom on Chinese coastal map, pl.4 Vanas (forests or sacred groves), 781 Institute), Hanoi, 478 on city plan of Fanyang, 147 Van der Cappelen (steamboat), 834 Vietnam. See also E>~i Nam; E>~i Viet; East in (eng shui, 220 n.78 V~n-phuc, temple of, 480 Asia on Gia-djnh tinh, 501 , 376, 780, 781, 782 astronomy, 512 on Japanese landscape from Heijo, 353 Variable perspective atlases (see Atlases, Vietnamese) on Kaifeng city plan, 154 n.75 on Burmese map, 750, 752 Burmese maps of, 810-11 in Le atlas, 483, 484 in Chinese mapping, 146, 147, 150 cartography, 478-508 (see also on map of Tenasserim coast, 813 in encyclopedias, 144, 145, 153 Cartography, Vietnamese) on map of Jingjiang Fu Cheng, 62 in gazetteers, 142 celestial maps, 504 on map of Ml;1c-ma fortification, 488 scrolls, 151, 189 Chinese influence on, 481, 497 on map of Tashilunpo, 681 Wutai Shan mural, 152 consciousness of boundaries in, 481 on maps of Seoul, 335 on Japanese map of temple property, 364 cosmography, 479-81 of royal compound in Mandalay, 799 in Tibetan mapping, 671 in Da Qing yitong yutu, 198 at Samye monastery, 667 Variable scale, 146, 147-48 geographies, 499 on Shoho castle plans, 400 Varthema, Ludovic, 697 growth of, 479 in Southeast Asian conceptions of Vastupuru~a, 739 in Guang yutu, 50 nibbana, 730 Vasubandu, 622, 623, 715-16 itineraries from, 479, 490-96, 507-8 on Taedong yojido, 325 Vatican Library, Rome, 570-71,572,573 maps (see Maps, Vietnamese) on Tai Shan quan tu, 146 Vayuma1J4ala (layer of wind), 716, 718 omitted from Bagrow's discussion of in Thien-nam tu--chi IQ-do thu-, 491 Vegetation Southeast Asia, 690 in Tongguk chido, 309 on Burmese maps reform in, 481-82 on Tongnae Pusan ko chido, 329 of Amarapura, 798, 823 southward expansion of, 494, 495 on town plan at Sunch'on, 238 of Ayutthaya, 797, 798 spelling used in, 24 on Vietnamese city maps, 506 cadastral maps, 791, 821, 823 surveying, 507 on Vietnamese itinerary maps, 496 of Chiang Mai, 749 temples, 479 on view of P'yongyang, pl.20 of country north from Ava, 747, 748 tomb diagrams from, 507, 508 Wamyo ruiju sho (Classified glossary of of country south of Ava, 803 in Trai phum, 737 Japanese terms) (Minamoto no in Harrer Collection, 675 on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 Shitago), 357 of Lower Burma, 807 Vihara (monastery), 722. See also Wan, Phramaha, 727 n.77 made for Hamilton, 749 Monasteries Wang Fan.:EliJ , 530 of Meiktila, 792 Villages, 189, 198, 216. See also Cities; Wang Fu .:EM, 541 military maps, 754 Settlements; Towns Wang Fuzhi, 120 n.78, 213, 225, 226 in Scott Collection, 761 Vinataka, 716, 717 Wang Guowei .:£~*'fE, 128 Shan military maps, 756, 757 Vinayapitaka, 738 .:£1&, 217 General Index 965

Wang Kon .=EY!, 278, 558 The Way ofShambhala (third Panchen in Korean mapmaking, 294, 295, 314, Wang Mang £~, 77 n.50, 132, 213, 521 Lama),637 323,328,330-31 Wang Qi. See Sancai tuhui Weapons, 708, 731, 798 World maps Wang Tingxiang, 226 Weather, 91, 318, 589 n.28 by Blaeu, pl.23 Wang Wei, 134 Weaving, 19, 140 Buddhist, 254-56, 371-76, 455 Huangdi zhai jing, 216, 222 Wei m: (Rooftop) (lunar lodge), 517 by Forrest, 836, 837 Wangchuan tu, 150-51, 151-52, 153 Wei ~ (Stomach) (lunar lodge), 517 Japanese, 426-29,430,461-63 Wang Xichan .=E~M, 226 Wei ~ (Tail of the Dragon) (lunar lodge), based on Dutch sources, 433, 434-35 Wang Ximing £1f.rBJ3 (Dan Yuanzi), 532, 517, 548, 556, 528 538 constructed at Asakusa, 438-39 538,598 Wei Jun ftrt, 173 derived from Ricci, 404-10 Wang Xuance £1r*, 82 Wei Yan ~1tt, 98-99 by Katsuragawa, 436 Wang Zhenpeng £tlNm, 138-39 Wei Yuan, 192-94,199,200 by Nagakubo Sekisui, 447 Wang Zhiyuan £~~, 86 Wei Zheng et al. See Sui shu Nanban-style, 377-80, 391, 405, 406, Wangchuan tu ~}1 fliI (Picture [or map?] of Wei dynasty, 238 411,454 Wangchuan) (Wang Wei), 150-51, Wei River valley, 40 traditions of, 347 151-52, 153,p1.9 Well-field system, 124-25, 204, 205-7, 222, Japanese attitude toward, 379 n.130 Wangliang £~ (constellation), 538, 548 223 Korean, 235, 243-73, 343, 344, 370 Wanguo jingwei diqiu tu ~~*~~tfuij(1iJ Welling River (Yang Shui), 266 n.100 (Graticuled global map of all "Wen fu" (Rhapsody on literature) (Lu Ji), by Ricci, 404-10, 466-67, 468-69, pl.24 countries) (Zhuang Tingping), 254 134 Sino-Tibetan, 614, 642, 643, 646 n.60 Wenxian tongkao (General study of literary Tibetan, 610, 612, 614, 638-46, 671 remains) (Ma Duanlin), 548 Writing Wanguo quantu ~~~IIJ (Complete maps Wenxin diaolong (The literary mind and the Chinese graphs, 24, 26 of all countries), 249 carving of dragons) (Liu Xie), 128 cuneiform, 15 "Wangzhi" £ffiU (Royal institutions) (in Li Wen xuan (Literary selections) (Xiao Tong), expansion of scripts through Asia, 15 ji),207 120 pictograph, 15 "Wanli Changjiang tu" ~m~iIIiJ(Ten Western Jin dynasty, 75 n.26, 82. See also Wu ~, emperor thousand Ii map of the Yangtze Jin dynasty Han dynasty, 77, 213, 527 River) (in Tushu bian), 166 Western Zhou Dynasty, 71, 72, 75, 515-18. Jin dynasty, 518, 529 n.116 Wanli haifang tu ~m$~[iJ (Ten thousand See also Zhou dynasty Wu Chengluo ~fflGm, 286 Ii map of maritime defenses), 64 West Ezochi, 443-44,445 Wu Hanyue ~tlFI, 539-40 Was (unit of measurement), 736, 782 West Malaysia, 741 WuXian ~~ Waseda University Library, Tokyo, 475 West Sea. See astronomical chart by, 518, 519 fD1HJ¥jWf)~1iI Washu Nanto ezu (Plan of Whangpoo River, 54, 55 Bu zan, 581-82 Nanto, Yamato Province), 476 Wheel maps, Korean, 256-67 constellations identified by Washu Nanto no zu fD1Hr¥iWf)zliJ (Plan of Wheels, as divination diagrams, 634 on Chen Zhuo's star chart, 529 the southern metropolis [Nara], Whipple Museum of Science, Cambridge, on Japanese celestial globe, 591 Yamato Province), 421, 476 567-68 on Japanese celestial map on scroll, Watanabe KyuZQ rgrjf~~, 447 n.364 Whitehead. See Mount Paektu 596-97 Watanabe Toshio, 583, 596-97 n.43, 598 White Horse Temple (BC;lch-mC;lch tir), 484 on Tenmon seisho zu, 589, 590 Watarante 7?' "7 /' T(quadrant), 381 White Tiger (celestial palace), 519-20, 524, on Ten no zu, 586 n.141, 394 528,556,579 in Xuang xiang shi, 532 Water, 212, 479-81, 622, 634, 722 Wi Paekkyu Iliaf!, 263-64, 265 Wubei zhi ~~~ (Treatise on military Water clocks, 533, 541, 581. See also Clocks , 338-39 preparations) (Mao Yuanyi) Water conservancy Wise Collection, British Library, London, constellation charts in, 555, 557 on Burmese map of Meiktila, 792 650-53,674 as influence on Thai map of Asia, 743 and cartography, 101-4 Wison ~*~ (latitude), 318 nautical chart in, 52-53,54,55, 61, 64 and hydraulic civilization, 97 Wit, Frederick de, 599, 600 n.54 Wudai (Five Dynasties) period, 539 maps used for, 82, 102 Wittfogel, Karl A., 96-97 Wu fu lim~ (Five dependencies), 76 measuring tools used in, 101 Wiwon, 313' Wuguan sili li'ErPJ}fJ ("five officials chief in Ming gazetteers, 188 Won'gi Jt$\ (primal matter), 243 n.17 mathematician"), 305 n.209 quantitative techniques, 96, 98-99 Wonju, 311 Wujing li*~ (five Confucian classics), 206 Water levels, 115-16, 117, 119, 142 Wood n.11 Water police map, pl.3 globes made from, 466-67, 468-69, 531, Wujing zongyao (Conspectus of essential Wat Jed Yod (Temple of Seven Stupas), 777 591 military techniques) (Zeng n.81 maps on, 37-39,40, 137-38, 147,353, Gongliang),117 Wat Phairongwua, 722-23 464,837 Wulin Shan, map of, 157 Wat Phrachetuphon, 722 durability of, 137 n.48 Wu shi xianying zhi (Record of the Wu Wat Phra Kho, 784, 785 message on in Mawangdui tomb, 150 family's ancestral graves), 85 Wat Phutudom, 723 Woodblocks Wutai Shan (Wutai Mountain), 69, 152, Wat Rakang, 721 in Chinese mapmaking, 54, 137-38, 166, 191, 230, pl.14 Wat Suwannaram, 722 n.70 189, 541, 598 Wuxing liff (five phases), 217, 292 Waves, 148, 841, pl.27 in Japanese ~apmaking, 349-50,410 Wuxing dayi (Main principles of the. five Wayfinding, stars in, 9 n.258 phases) (Xiao Ji), 229 966 General Index

Wuxingzhan n£2=1 (Prognostications from Xingshu £illb (Description of the stars) Xun Qing, 74, 86 the five planets), 521 (Chen Zhuo), 530 Xunii 3J{;c (Maid) (lunar lodge), 517 "Wuxing zhi" nfTit (Treatise on the five Xingshui jinjian (Golden mirror of flowing Xunzi (Xun Qing), 74, 86 phases) (in Han shu), 209-10, 214, waters) (Fu Zehong), 103-4 , 102 527 n.103 Xingsi ~{~ (verisimilitude), 133 Wuyue nm (Five Marchmounts), 262 n.79 Xingtai, Province, zodiacal signs on Yaks, 661 Wuyue (state), 539-40 bell at, 549 Yaksan, pl.21 Wyatt, David, 777, 784 n.92 Xing tu '1'1[1) (diagrams of human nature), 225 n.110 on Chong Sanggi's maps, 310, 313, 340 reign period, 83, 548 in Ch'onggudo, 321 Xavier, Francis, 376-77 Xinjiang, 186 in Korean geomancy, 278 Xia dynasty, 513 Xin Tang shu (New history of the Tang) in Korean portion of Kangnido, 291 Xi'an (Ouyang Xiu et al.), 210 n.24, 538, Mukedeng attempts to find headwaters, lunar lodges in tomb at, 523-24 740 301 twelfth-century stone maps at, 56 Xin Wudai shi ~n{~~ (New History of on Naikaku map, 292 Xian ~~ (counties), pl.4 the Five Dynasties) (Ouyang Xiu), in Sungnam, 294 Xian 5~ (hypotenuse), 111 539 on Taedong yojido, 330-31 Xian Kejin {urR:~i, 337, 340 Xinyin {J\EP (imprint of the mind), 136 on Tong'yo ch'ongdo, 306 Xiang Yu JJi~~, 210 Xinyi xiang fayao ~ffl~rt~ (New design Yalu-Tumen frontier, 289-91 "Xiang hua ditu" Mlitllifll (Drawing for an armillary [sphere] and , Lord, 728 detailed maps) (in Zhouxian [celestial] globe) (Su Song), 541-44, Yamada County, (Kagawa tigang),91 545,546,548,584 Prefecture), paddy-field map of, Xianjing ~~ (Transcendent spaces), 262 Xinzeng xiangji beiyao tongshu (Newly 361,456-57 n.79 amplified almanac of auspicious Yamaguchi Tetsugoro UJD~n~~ , 445, , 75 images), 209 446 Xiao Deyan .~§, 241 ~9X, 77 Yamaguchi University Library, Yamaguchi, IHPJ, 74, 75 n.25 Xishan xing Iii ~UJfT* (Travelers among 380 n.137, 462 Xiao Ji, 229 streams and mountains) (Fan Yamaji Akitsune rlrlm'3'ffi , 440, 442 Xiao Tong, 120 Kuan),225 Yamaji Yukitaka UJ~~q: (Yamaji Kaiko), Xiao situ IJ\PJ1:t (vice minister of Xiu m. See Lunar lodges 442 n.348 education),75 Xiu yao jing mBi*Ji! (Lunar lodges and Yamakuni Shrine, Kyoto Prefecture, 380 Xiaozai IJ\* (junior steward), 75 planets), 538-39 n.137, 462 Xia period, 128-29 Xi Xia period, 549 Yamamoto W*~, 379-80,461 Xia xiaozheng :J[/J\IE (Lesser calendar of Xiyu ~!~ (western regions), 266 Yamamoto Kakuan UJ*f~*, 589 the Xia), 513 Xu }]It (Emptiness) (lunar lodge), 513, 517 Yamanouchi Shrine, Kochi, 468-69 "Xici zhuan" (Commentary on the attached Xu Guangqi ~*~ (Paul Xu), 569-73 Yamashiro meishoshi zu s6zu UJ~~OO~IIJ verbalizations), 130-31 Xu Jiyu, 106-8, 109 ~rII (General map of the atlas ~~ Xie (diagonal), 111 Xu Shanji, 218-19 describing scenic spots in Xie He, 135, 143, 166 Xu Shanshu, 218-19 ) (Oshima Xieng Khouang, 496 Xu Song, 105-6, 107 Takeyoshi), 416 n.274 Xigong ~'§ (Western Palace), 528 Xu Wenjing, 93 Yamashiro Province, 367,368, 369, 370 Xihu, map of, 155 Xu Zhimo, 219, 221 n.98 Xin {J\ (Heart) (lunar lodge), 515, 517, 528 Xu Ziyi ~Tffl, 530 n.127 Yamato Bunkankan, 256 n.69 n.108 Xuan Yuan $f~ (Yellow Emperor), 211 Yamato meisho zue :*foi)J5ffllJfr Xin ce ershiba shezazuo zhuxing ruxiu quji Xuan Zong £i*, emperor, 573 (Illustrated description of notable ~~U=+J\~~J*~~£Am:A~ Xuanhua, Hebei Province, Liao star map places in Yamato Province) (Newly measured positions of the unearthed at, 548, 549 (Akisato Rito), 416 twenty-eight lunar lodges and the Xuanwu z:IT:t . See Dark Warrior Yamato no kuni saiken ezu :*fD~*HJ5!~rII various known asterisms) (Guo Xuan xiang shi z~~ (Poem of the image (Detailed map of Yamato Province) Shoujing),551 of the heavens), 532 (Ishikawa Shun'ei), 416 n.274 ~~U~ij~~£ Xin ce wuming zhuxing Xuanye fiW (infinite empty space) theory, Yamazaki Yoshinari UJW&t~fflG, 410 n.256, (Newly measured positions of the 522 428 stars without names) (Guo Xuanzhong ji zq:t~c (Records within the Yamuna River, 733 Shoujing),551 occult),93 Yan, prince of, 73 Xing ~ (disposition or configuration), 192 Xuanzhuang z~ Yan Ruoju, 223, 224 Xingfang shi ~1J~ (supervisor of and Chinese knowledge of Asia, 642, 644 Yan Yanzhi M~z, 134 territories), 75 Da Tang xiyu ji, 372, 373, 374 Yan Yuan, 225 Xingjing £*Ji! (Star classic) (in Kaiyuan did not visit Korea, 256 Yang Ji f~£, 162-63 zhanjing), 518-19, 528-29, 548, and Gotenjiku maps, 255, 262 Yang Jingting, 188 564,578 itinerary plan of, 255 n.66 Yang Songji ~~Z Xingjing (Star classic [on astrological route of omitted from "Tenjiku zu," 376 Cheju Samupto, 345 divination]) (Shi Shen), 580 Xue Juzheng ~r.5IE, 539 Chiri chi nae p'alto chugundo, 329, 345 Xingshi ~~ (shapes and forces). See Xu Han shu *,,¥l~ (Supplement to the Han helps prepare map of Seoul, 280, 283 Hyongse history),521 maps listed by, 283, 288-89, 329, 345 General Index 967

P'altodo, 345 and construction of Qin Shihuang's tomb, Yi jing Laizhu tujie (Explanations of the P'alto kagil yanggyedo, 345 78 diagrams [associated with] the P'alto sanch'ondo, 345 on dragon map of China, 221 Book of changes with Lai's presents map to Tanjong, 279 n.126 on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.1 commentary) (Lai Zhide), 214 produces maps under King Sejo, 283 on ]iu yu shouling tu, 46 Yin dynasty, 513 and religion in cartography of, 295 on Kangnido, 266 Yinghuan zhilue (Short account of the report by (1456), 283 on Korean maps of China, 268 maritime circuit) (Xu ]iyu), 106-9 security concerns of, 289, 292-93 on Lady Zhao's map, 142 Yingshi it~ (Encampment) (lunar lodge), seeks to restrict maps to official use, 247 on map of Great Wall in Lateran 517,525 n.35 Museum, 189 Yingwu Di (Place of Parrots). See Antarctica social status of, 343 map of source of, 63 Yingwu Shan, 62 Tongguk chido, 282, 283-84, 291 maps of, 92-93, 98-99, 100, 104-5, Yingzao chi ~~R (construction foot), 312 Tongguk yoji sungnam, 274, 294 n.179 189-90, 197, pI. 7, pl.12 n.230 (see also Sinjung Tongguk yaji in Shui jing zhu, 94 Yingzong ~*, emperor, 57 sungnam) in tomb of Li Bian, 80, 81 Yin Shan, 2, 18 treatise on Koryo period, 274 in tomb of Qin Shihuang, 520 Yin-yang, 12, 217, 219, 226, 561 Yanggye yonbyon pangsudo, 345 tracing of source of, 77, 614 Yin-Yang Board, 580, 591 Yonbyonsongjado, 345 in "Yu Gong," 76 Yit, U, 786, 788 Yoyon Much'ang Unul samupto, 345 Yellow Sea, 291, 336, 338-39, 742 Yi tu mingbian (A clarifying critique of the Yang Yunsong m~fl, 217,220,278 diagrams [associated with the Book Yelii Chucai Jfr)1-'~tt , 53 n.35 Yangch'on chip (Collected writings of Kwon of] changes) (Hu Wei), 212 Yemyet Lake, 803, 818-19 Kiln) (Kwon Kiln), 245 Yixiang f*~ (instruments), 119 n.77 Yeriigel-i dayayaysan siimee monastery, 684 Yanggye taedo sodo (Large and small maps Yixiang kaocheng fjj~~~ (Treatise on Yesagyo District, Upper Burma, 822-23 of the two frontier zones) (Chong astronomical instruments) (Ignatius Yesong River (Pyongnan River), 241, 243 Ch'ok), 283 n.134, 345 Kogler), 574, 595, 598 n.18 Yanggye yonbyon pangsudo (Map of border Yixiang kaocheng xupian fjj~~~•• Yewon, 289 n.165 defenses in the two frontier zones) (Sequel to the Treatise on (Yang Songji), 345 Yi .. (Wings) (lunar lodge), 517 astronomical instruments), 574 Yang Hui suanfa m~.rt (Yang Hui's Yi Z, tomb of, 519, 520, 521 Yixiangzhi fjj~~ (Description of methods of computation) (Yang Yi Ch'an (Chan Lee), 28 astronomical instruments) Hui), 522 n.74 Yi Ch'om, 241-43, 279 (Ferdinand Verbiest), 574 Yanglongkeng, map of, 155 YiChunghwan,275,297,334 Yixing ~ff, 59, 123, 210, 533, 538, 583 Yangshao culture, 129 Yi Haeng et al. See Sinjung Tongguk yoji Yo On gt~, 259-60 Yang Shui (Welling River), 266 sungnam Yochi jissoku roku ~ttff.ffirr~ (Collection Yangtze River Yi Hoe *ii of land-survey data), 451, 453 Chinese map of, pl.2 Kangnido (see Kangnido) n.375 on ch'onhado, 265, 266 and Korean mapmaking, 245 Yochi kokaizu ~tlliMw(l] (Chart of the on dragon map of China, 221 P'altodo, 247, 289, 345 world) (Takeda Kango), 440-41, on Gujin xingsheng zhi tu, pl.1 social status of, 343 442-43 on Hua yi tu, 46 Yi Ik Seup (Yi Iksilp), 260 Yochi ryakusetsu ~tt!!~~ (Brief hydrological map of, 61 Yi Imyong *MIfP, 337,338-39,340, 343 explanation of the earth) (Shiba on Kangnido, 266 Yi Kyugyong, 314 n.234 Kokan),435 on Korean maps of China, 268 Yi Minch'ol *~~fg, 252-53 Yochi zenzu ~tlli~1II (Map of the earth) maps of, 103, 160, 165, 166 Yi Mu *Dt ,245 (Shiba Kokan), 435, 436 in poem by Zhu Xi, 164 Yi Songgye *~tt, 243, 290, 291, 559 Yochi zu ~tllillJ (Land map), 370 in Shui jing zhu, 94 Yi Sunsuk *r~3& ,345 Harame Sadakiyo, 380 n.137, 408, on Thai map of Asia, 743 Yi Yu *11, 303 409-10 in tomb of Li Bian, 80, 81 in Shako zu, 367 n.87, 370 n.98, 459 Yi Yuk *~~ 288 in tomb of Qin Shihuang, 78, 520 , Yodongdo ~*III (Map of Liaodong), 345 Yiben wanshu ~*~~ ("one root but ten travel on described in poem, 162-63 Yodong song ~*!JiX (Liaodong city), 238 thousand manifestations"), 94 Yan state, 238 Yodo River, 387 Yibi Guo (Land of the One-Armed), 261 Yantra (sacred visual charm), 777, 781 Yogaku #~ (Western learning), 599 Yi dynasty, 559-68, 575-76. See also Yan Zhou, map of, 93 Yogataras (determinative stars), 526 Choson dynasty Yao t!, emperor, 513 Yogyakarta, 772, 773 ~*~ Yao Shunfu ME~~, 548 Yi jing (Book of changes) Yogye kwanbang chido ~lUlHl~JjtllillI (Map "Yao dian" ~~ (Canon of Yao) (in Shu establishes foundations of siting, 216 of the defensive system of the jing),513 and geomancy, 222 Liaodong and ]izhou sector) Yao fu ~ij~ (zone of compacts), 76 and geomantic compasses, 217 (Yogyedo ~lillliJ ) (Yi Imyong), Yarkand, 646 and Hetu, 213-14 337,338-39,340,341 Yasuda Raishii 3i:EEffi¥rH, 441 n.345 and Luo shu, 214, 215 Yojanas (unit of measurement), 729, 782 Yasui Rukuzo. See Shibukawa Harumi lore surrounding, 203 Yaji chando ~tlli~/if (Complete terrestrial Yasui Santetsu 3i:#.fg,588 and mingtang, 212 map), 248, 249 Yellow River, 102. See also Hetu origins of, 214 n.36 Yoji toso JJ.tllillJ:W (Geographical maps and on ch'onhado, 265, 266 representation in, 130-31, 134 texts) (So Myong'ilng), 329 968 General Index

Yok ,!W (post stations). See Post stations Younghusband expedition, 654, 675 Yueling J31J (Monthly observances), 519, Yokohama, city plans of, 421-22 Yoyon, 289 n.165 521 n.64 Yokohama City University Library, Yoyon Much'ang Unul samupto M~~{§sr Yueling botu J31JIft[l] (Silken map of the Yokohama, 351, 380 n.137, 462 ~=E5[1](Map of the three path of the moon), 521 Yokohama meisaizu fM~1lBjJ*'ffi1II (Detailed districts of Cheju Island) (Yang Yueling guangyi J31J"~ (Enlarged plan of Yokohama) (Takashima Songji), 345 annotation of Monthly Hada),422 Yu ~, emperor, 76, 128 n.1, 269 observances) (Feng Yingjing), 407 Yoktae chewang honil kangnido JT!f~W.:E1~ fixes frontiers of nine regions, 223 Yueling zhangzhu .F31J~i'± (Notes to the -aflllI . See Kangnido invents nine-square cosmography, 204 Monthly observances) (Cai Zhu), Yoldon, 618 map of tracks of, 206 525 Yon'an, 322 and water conservancy, 98 Yueling zheng yi J31J JE~ (Commentary to Yonbyon songjado 1Bjf~T[IJ (Map of Yu Jicai ~$:;t, 531 the Monthly observances) (Kong border fortifications) (Yang Songji), Yu Shinan, 112 Yingda), 583 n.14 345 Yu T'akki WJf1i~, 253 n.55 Yugandhara Mountain, 716, 717, 734, 738 Yong'ando yonbyondo 7]c3([lJ1Bjf[l] (Map Yuan tl! (enclosures), 527, 541, 583 n.14 "Yu gong" Mffi! (Tribute of Yu) (in Shu of the frontier border of Yong'an Yuan Ke, 263 n.86 jing),229 [Hamgyong] Province) (6 Yuso), Yuan Shikai :Rt!!ift, 344 on boundaries of nine regions, 207 345 Yuan Tai ft*, 533 and boundaries of provinces, 223 Yong'an Province. See Hamgyong Province Yuan dynasty compared with Huangyu quanlan tu, 181 Yongbyon, 313, 342,pL21 cartography, 35, 61, 63 dating of, 76 n.39 Yongbyonbu chando $jfR1~1il (Complete celestial mapping during, 549-55 influence on Du- d!a chi, 481 map of Yongbyon Prefecture), 280 as climax of Chinese cartography, 57 n.40 lack of illustrations, 76 n.41 Yongch'on, 313 conception of shape of earth, 119 n.77 map inspired by, 206 Yongding River, map of, pl.6 and elements of projection, 228 map of Yan Zhou from, 93 Yongdong (Kangwon Province), 292, 309 geodetic surveys, 53, 123 and objections to traditional Chinese Yonghegong Temple, Beijing, 623 observational tower, 53, 56 cosmography, 222 YongHo nam yonhae hyongp'yondo ~#ifji¥J quantitative cartography, 57 political subdivisions described in, 76 1B~ff:1{f1lI(Map of the natural Yuanfeng reign period, 548 as precedent for gazetteers, 89 defenses of the southern coasts of Yuanhe junxian tuzhi (Illustrated record of as precedent for Wang Mang, 77 n.50 Kyongsang and Cholla provinces), the prefectures and counties of the and Qing scholarship, 93 340-41,342 Yuanhe reign period), 90 as source for ch'onhado, 263 Yongjo ~W!El, King, 307 Yuanhe Xian (County), fish-scale map of, 84 as source for Shui jing zhu, 93 and cartography, 305, 307 Yuanjin itili (far-near), 145 and Xingshui jinjian, 103-4 and Ch'orong, 343 Yuan shi (History of the Yuan) (Song Lian et ¥u gong diyu tu Mffi!t~~1IJ (Regional maps describes Yi Minch'ol's armillary sphere, a1.) for the "Yu gong") (Pei Xiu), 69, 252 n.51, 253 calendar treatise, 551 110,112 orders mapping of all districts, 329 on celestial globes, 119 n.77 Yu gong huijian (Collected commentaries on orders set of measures, 286 n.147 celestial observations in, 549 the "Yu gong") (Xu Wenjing), 93 Yongjo ch'ok ~~R (architectural foot), gnomon shadows recorded in, 123 Yu gong tu Mffi!lIJ (Map of the tribute of 286 on Guo Shoujing's celestial globe, 550 Yu),94 Yongle dadian (Grand encyclopedia of the Southeast Asian map in, 697 Yu gong zhuizhi (Using an awl to gauge the Yongle reign period), 144, 145 Yuanyi Mountain, 133 depths of the Yu gong) (Hu Wei), Yongnam. See Kyongsang Province Yuanzhou Iii IJIImJ$ (ratio of circumference 207 Yongnyu Island, 325 to diameter), 111 Yugui ~.51 (Ghost Vehicle) (lunar lodge), Yongping fu zhi (Gazetteer of Yongping Yudi shanhai quantu J!t~w~~111 517 Prefecture [in modern Hebei (Complete geographic map of the Yuhuan Shan, map of, 156 Province]), 160,194-95 mountains and streams) (Matteo Yu ji tu ~J&JNII (Map of the tracks of Yu), Yongping Prefecture, maps of, 160-61, Ricci), 171, 172-73 844,845 194-95 Yudi tu ~J~1§l (maps of the empire) Cao Wanru on, 50 n.23 Yonhae Choundo 1BmliW1~IiJ(Mapof derivation of, 76 n.42 compared with map of Jingjiang coastal shipping and transport) (An during Qing, 82 Prefecture, 62 Ch'olson},345 sources for, 77 described, 46-50, 69, 70 Yonhaengnok ~1T~ (Record of a journey survival of, 76 n.43 differences between versions, 47 to Beijing) (Yu T'akki), 253 n.55 uses of, 76-77 grids on, 51, 113-14, 124, 125 Yonsan ~W, Prince, 274 n.112 Yudi zhi ~t~~ (Monograph on the importance of,S6-57 Yoro ritsuryo (Yaro code of laws), 355 [Imperial] territory) (Gu Yewang), lack of text on, 113-14 Yoru no tsuki no susumo 0 tadasu no zu 241 mathematical foundation of, 228 f~TJ3 ~liiJ (Star map for "Yudi zongtu" ~t~~[I] (General map of and mathematical tradition, 37 confirmation of the lunar motion at the empire) (in Guang yutu), and measurement of ground distances, night), 582-83, 584-85 187-88 125-26 Yoshida Sakubee a8311=Af$j ,444 Yue Ke, 154 n.75 preservation of, 63 Yoshiwara, 424, 431 "Yue du hai ze zhi tu" -ffi~~~~1IJ(Map scale on, 113-14 You Yi rb1~. See Tianjing huowen of mountains, streams, seas, and textual sources for, 64 You guo ~~ (have the country), 301 n.200 marshes), 229 and use of surveys, 53 General Index 969

Yule, G. U., 752, 753 "Lingxian," 522 Zhifang shi ~1J~ (overseer of feudatories), Yule, Sir Henry, 752-53 maps by in Lidai minghua ji, 139 75 Yulin ce ~,MRJt (fish-scale registers), 100 Suanwanglun, 125 Zhifang waiji ~1J5'}~c (Unofficial accounts n.11 topographic map by, 89 of foreign countries) (Giulio Aleni), Yulin tu ~,MIIiI (fish-scale maps), 86, 100. Zhang Huang. See Tushu bian 249 See also Cadastral maps; Fish-scale Zhang Huiyan, 214 n.39, 225 Zhihe fanglue (Summary of river-control maps Zhang Qian ~., 512 n.8 methods) (Jin Fu), 100 Yulin tuce ~,MIIJRJt (fish-scale map Zhang Shiqing *t!t~p, 549 Zhili, map of, 201 registers), 100 n.11 Zhang Sui. See Yixing Zhinan che f~li¥rij[ (south-pointing Yun Kwan jtfl, 290 Zhang Tingyu et aI., 120 n.78, 193 carriage), 115 n.63, 287-88 n.156 Yun P'o f3"mti , 240, 255-56, 374 ZhangYanyuan, 112, 135, 139, 147 Zhonggong tp'g (Central Palace), 528 "Yun P'o Myoji" jtgmlt~, 240 n.10 Zhangde fu zhi (Gazetteer of Zhangde Zhongguo tp~ (Middle Kingdom), 173 Yun Yang 13"~, 320 Prefecture [in modern Henan Zhongnan Shan (Zhongnan Mountains), Yunnan Province, 58, 484, 490, 492 Province]), 90 map of, 193 Yurts. See Huts Zhanguo (Warring States) period Zhongren 'jJ(.A. (grave maker), 75 Yushi zhongcheng fJEl]j:tplB; (palace aide to during, 518-20 Zhong Shan (Mount Zhong), 92 the censor-in-chief), 77 concrete representations during, 129 Zhongshan University, Guangzhou "Yushu jingtian hedi zhi tu" ~~*~7(-g-!~ defined, 71 (Canton),458 ~IIJ (Map of China with latitude, and Ko Choson, 238 Zhongxue wei ti, Xixue wei yong tp~~If, longitude, and scale clarified) (in mensuration during, 98-99 g§~ftSm (Chinese learning as the Tianjing huowen), 430 planimetric representation during, 147 principle, Western learning as the Yutu ~1Il (terrestrial map), 479 stellar records from, 582 application), 198 by Zhu Siben, 51, 70, 126, 241,242, 246 wood used for maps during, 137 Zhongyong (Doctrine of the mean), 205 n.7 n.30 Zhanguo ce (Intrigues of the Warring Zhou 1fH (island or isle-land), 264-65 Yutu beikao ~1IJ'6m~ (Complete study of States), 71 n.5, 73, 74 Zhou, diagram of nine domains of, 207 maps) (Pan Guangzu), 175-76 Zhang-zhung world map, 638-42, 672 Zhou Fen mJ:tJt, 531 Yu Yabwe River, 753 Zhao m, king of, 74 Zhou Yinghe, 92 tt~ Yuzhi (straightening of curves), Zhao, Lady, 140, 142 Zhoubi suan jing (Arithmetical classic of the 110-11, 114 Zhao Da m3l, 140, 142 Zhou gnomon) Yuzhong xianjing ~ ~tjl (Transcendent g:r ZhaoJunqing m~~, 111, 120-21 and alignment of cities, 359 spaces in the Ecumene), 262 n.79 Zhaoqing Prefecture, 171 on effect of scale on map size, 42 Ywa (village), 813 gaitian theory and, 118, 120 Zhao state, 238 and problem requiring gougu theorem, Zhaoyu tu ~ls~1iJ (Mausoleum map or Zabua (governor), 785 111 plan) Zaenmae. See Chiang Mai and surveying instruments, 356-57 described, 36, 37, 69 Zakka h6 ~~~$ (Various ways to tell used in Japan, 355 distances on, 39 fortunes), 582 n.6 Zhou dynasty, 98, 130, 515-18. See also importance of text, 64 Zang shu #W (Burial book) (Guo Pu), 216 Western Zhou dynasty and Pei Xiu's principles of measurement, Zatto ichiran (Handbook of "Zatto") Zhou foot, 287, 312. See also Chuch'(jk 48 (Suisai), 431 Zhou Ii (Ritual forms of Zhou) planimetric representation on, 147 Zaya Pandita, 682 n.4 on administrative uses for maps, 75 scale of, 43 Zen'aku meisho zue *~~pfillJff as authoritative text, 81-82 from Zhanguo period, 75 n.32 (Illustrated book of noted places of description of ideal capital, 211 Zhebulu Hama. See Mountains of the Moon good and evil) (Ippitsuan Eisen), on geographic knowledge, 85, 86 Zhejiang Province, 85-86, 156-57 431-32 Han cosmography inspired by, 207 Zhejiang tongzhi (Comprehensive gazetteer Zeng Gongliang, 117 "Kaogong ji," 210 of Zhejiang), 156 Zengding Guangyu ji quantu t~~lfJi~~c on maps of large areas, 74 3::1iJ (Enlarged and revised Zhen ft (Axletree) (lunar lodge), 517 on offices concerned with celestial complete atlas of the record of the Zhen • (garrison town), 90 phenomena, 88 expanded territory) (Cai Fangbing), Zheng He ~fD, 52 as precedent for Wang Mang, 77 n.50 187-88 Zheng Qiao, 222, 541, 545 on Zhou bureacracy, 98 Zengguang Haiguo tuzhi (Expanded Zheng Shungong ~~JJJ, 458 "Zhou song" mJ~ (Hymns of Zhou), 72 Illustrated record of maritime Zheng Xuan Zhouxian tigang (Essentials of prefectural kingdoms) (Wei Yuan), 199, 200. commentary on Shi jing, 72 and county [government]) (Chen See also Haiguo tuzhi on fengxiang shi and celestial phenomena, Xiang),91 Zenja ffr'~ (priest), 460 88 Zhu Siben *J~t~, 125,246,284 Zenkaku, 642 and geometrization of jiu zhou, 207 Yutu, 51, 70, 126,241, 242, 246 n.30 Zhang ~ (Extended Net) (lunar lodge), 517 on Lun yu, 74 ZhuXi Zhang Y::. (unit of measurement), 97, 112, on yudi tu, 77 cosmology of, 119 116,530 on Zhou Ii, 75 n.29, 75 n.31 on doctrine of yiben wanshu, 94 Zhang Heng Zhi ~ (particle), 114 n.61 importance of teachings of, 23 "Er jing fu," 131-32, 134 Zhi ~ (terrestrial branches), 546 and ]iali, 285 n.144 on huntian theory, 118-19, 120 Zhifang langzhong fJt1J~Btp (director of the and Korean reform movement, 243-44 Huntian yi, 583 n.14 bureau of operations), 82 and mingtang, 213 970 General Index

Zhu Xi (cont.) on Chinese bell, 549 Zoomorphs, 130 theories of in Tianjin$ huowen, 585 on Chinese star maps, 512 n.ll Zoshu kaisei Sesshu Osaka chizu !ti~2~1E on traditional Chinese cosmography, 222 European representations of, 524 .1i'r*~.&ttBli1 (Enlarged and "Ti Mi Yuan hui hua," 163-64 on hoshi mandaras, 600 revised plan of Osaka, Settsu on well-field system, 206 on Huangdao nanpei liang zong xingtu, Province) (Ooka Shoken et al.), Zhuang Tingping jff~~, 254 n.60 570-71,573 418,437 n.331 Zhuanyun shi ,,~~ (fiscal commissioners), on Huangdao zong xingtu, 571 Zou Yan .~ffl, 204 n.5, 263-65 85 introduced into China, 533 Zouzhe *m (palace memorials), 91 Zhuge Dan ~fi~~, 82 n.63 on King Taejo's planisphere (1687 copy), Zu III (map or diagram), 349 Zhun ~ (water level), 358 561,563 Zu Gengzhi Wdlat!z , 531 Zhuniao */~. See Red Bird and Mongolian cartography, 685 Zuixi ... (Turtle Beak) (lunar lodge), 517, Zhunwang $~ (standard or regulated signs in Liao tomb, 548, 549 551,571-72 view), 110, 114, 125, 126 and translations of Buddhist scriptures, Zuo Qiuming ti:..EiHA, 516 Zhuyu ffiJt~ (plant), 133 538-39 Zuo Si ti:J~" 132-33 Zhwa-Iu monastery, divination diagram on on Vietnamese sky chart, 504 Zuozhuan (Zuo's tradition [of interpreting wall of, 634 n.98 Zoho Osaka no zu !tf~m*f&Z[IJ (Enlarged the Chunqiu, or Spring and autumn Zigetu ~OOIlJ (Chart of the Purple Palace), plan of Osaka), 475 annals]) 521 Zoho saihan Kyo oezu ttfMl=l}f&**mtliiJ astronomy in, 515-16 Zimmermann, Philipp, 703-4, 705, 706, 708 (Large plan of Kyoto, enlarged), on jiu ding, 128-29 Zimu -r-* ,98-99 419 on maps and political culture, 71 Ziwei ~M (Forbidden Purple), 520 n.61, Zones on mensuration and fiscal policy, 98-99 527, 528, 541, 583 n.14 climatic, 241-42 on mingtang, 212 Ziweigong ~fJtX1S (Forbidden Purple of constant invisibility, 554 and solstitial observation, 518 n.46 Palace), 528 of constant visibility, 554, 556 Zushu Shimada minato no zu li1ifF83~ Zodiac Zong Bing, 143 zllJ (Chart of Shimoda harbor, on "Chidao liang zong xingtu," 571 Zongshu chi ~~R (vertical millet foot), ) (Shizunoya), 422 in Chinese astronomy and astrology, 515 312 n.230

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The .

Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v.I. Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean - v. 2, bk. 1. Cartography in the traditional Islamic and South Asian societies - v. 2, bk. 2. Cartography in the traditional East and Southeast Asian societies. 1. Cartography-History. I. Harley, J. B. (John Brian), 1932-91 II. Woodward, David, 1942- GA201.H53 1987 526'.09 86-6995 ISBN 0-226-31633-5 (v. 1; alk. paper) ISBN 0-226-31635-1 (v. 2, bk. 1; alk. paper) ISBN 0-226-31637-8 (v. 2, bk. 2; alk. paper)