DOCSLIB.ORG

The Architectural Projects of the Grandees of Mehmed Ii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

APPENDIX III THE ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS OF THE GRANDEES OF MEHMED II In this Appendix there will be an attempt to examine the architectural projects of selected high officials who were Mahmud Pasha's contem­ poraries. These will be Zaganos Pasha, ishak Pasha, Rum Mehmed Pasha, Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Hass Murad Pasha and Karamani Meh­ med Pasha. All ofthese men became Grand Vezirs with the exception of Hass Murad Pasha, who died at a young age as Beylerbeyi of Rumeli. Four of them, Zaganos Pasha, Rum Mehmed Pasha, Gedik Ahmed Pasha and Hass Murad Pasha, were converts, while ishak Pasha and Karamani Mehmed Pasha were not. Zaganos Pasha I Zaganos Pasha's main architectural project was in Bahkesir, in Anato­ lia, where he spent time after his two exiles, upon Murad II's return to the throne in 1446 and upon his fall from grace in the reign of Mehmed II, probably in 1456.2 If we combine this information with the fact that Zaganos Pasha appears to have died in Bahkesir in AH 865 (1460-1461), where he was also buried, we may reach the conclu­ sion that he must have had his hass in that town. In Bahkesir Zaganos Pasha built a complex, which included a mosque, a soup kitchen and public baths.' as well as the founder's tomb, which bears the date AH 865 (1460-1461).4 The posthumous endowment deed for this complex is dated AH 866 (1461-1462). 5 He also constructed several buildings in Rumeli. An important contribution of Zaganos Pasha to Ottoman military architecture was his building of a part of Rumeli I For information on Zaganos Pasha see Chapter I. 2 Berki, "islamda Vakif", 27-28. Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror, 116. 3 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Devri, 57-60. Ayverdi, Fatih Devri Mimarisi, 73. Asikpasazade, Die altosmanische Chronik, 197. 4 Berki, "islamda Vakif", 28 n.lO. Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Devri, 60. Ayverdi, Fatih Devri Mimarisi, 73. 5 Berki, "islamda VakIf', 25-27. Theoharis Stavrides - 9789004492332 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 09:44:29AM via free access 412 APPENDIX III Hisar, namely one of its three great towers , the Gulkule, in AH 856 (1452).6 Also, according to his endowment deed, he built a mosque in Plovdiv? and public baths in Sofia." There is finally mention of a Zaganos Pasha (SubG.Jl) Mosque in Edirne, but we do not know whether it was built by Mehmed II's Grand Vezir or by someone else. Ayverdi says that it was built by a nam esake of his, who was SUbGJl of Edirne, as it is not mentioned in the posthumous endowment deed of AH 866. 9 ishak Pasha There is mention of two separate officials bearing this name during this period: ishak Pasha bin Ibrahim (Amasyah ishak Pasha) and Ishak Pasha bin Abdullah.!" It seems, however, that the building project of the former was very important, while there is no particular mention of any buildings constructed by the latter. The main building project of ishak Pasha bin ibrahim was created in the town of Inegol, near Bursa. The complex at Inegol contained a mosque, a school, a soup kitchen, an inn , stables, as well as ishak Pasha's tomb. The mosque was similar to the Mahmud Pasha mosque in Istanbul, with a five­ dome porch and a two-dome prayer-hall. According to the endowment of AH 891 (1487), it mu st have been built before AH 87 3 (1 468­ 1469). 11 The school was built, according to its inscription, in AH 887 6 Berki, "islamda VaIaP', 28. Goodwin, Ottoman Architecture, 103-106. 7 Berki, "Islarnda VaIaP', 27. Ayverdi, Osmanlz Mimarisinde Fatih Deon, 273. 8 Berki, "islamda VakIP', 26-27. Ayverdi, OsmanlzMimarisinde Fatih Dam, 857. 9 Ayverdi , OsmanlzMimarisinde Fatih Devri, 223. Ayverd i, Fatih Detm Mimarisi, 68. Berki, "Islamda VaIaP', 25-27. It should be remembered that around the early 1460's there is mention of another Zaganos Pasha in the sources. See C hapter 3. Maybe the brid ge built by a certain Zaganos Pasha in Trebizond (Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Dam, 866. Ayverdi , Fatih DevriMimarisi, 83. Berki, "islamda VaIaP', 27) should be credited to this person and not to the Grand Vez ir, who died at around the time of the Ottoman conquest of that city (1461),in 1460 or 1461 (Berki, "islamda VaIaP', 27). 10 For information on ishak Pasha or, more precisely, the Ishak Pashas of the period see Chapter I. For the idea that there existed two different ishak Pashas see Inalcik, Fatih Detm, 83-84 n.67. II Ayverdi , Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deori, 294-298. Vehbi T am er, "Fatih Devri Ricalinden ishak Pasa'nm Vakfiyeleri ve Valaflan", Vaktjlar Dergisi 4 (1958): 115. Kafescioglu, "T he Ottom an Ca pital", 196-197. Goodwin , Ottoman Architecture, 116­ 117, gives AH 88 7 (1482).a s the year of th.e building of the mosque. Kuran, The Mosque, 130-131. Ali Saim Ulgen, "Inegol'de Ishak Pasa Mimari Manzumesi", Vakiflar Dergisi 4 (1958): 192a-192c, gives AH 88 1 (1476) as the date of the building. Asikpasa­ zade, Die altosmanische Chronik, 197. Theoharis Stavrides - 9789004492332 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 09:44:29AM via free access TIlE AR CHITECTURAL PROJECTS OF TIlE GRANDEES 413 (1482).12 In the tomb by the mosque are buried ishak Pasha, who, according to the inscription , died in AH 892 (1487), and his wife Tacu'n-Nisa Sultan H atun.P i shak Pasha also constructed othe r buildings in Anatolia. In Ankara he built the T ahta Kale baths, which, according to the inscription, are dat ed to AH 866 (1462).14 These funded, in part, a dervish lodge (zavrye) in Kutah ya.l > In Bursa he created the Gelincik or H allac1ar Bazaar. 16Ishak Pasha also constru ct­ ed a few buildings in Istanbul: a small single-domed mosque, a Koran school and two public baths, one next to the mosqu e and another in Rumeli Hisar.l? He also built public baths and a fountain (seJme) in Edirne. l" baths in Canakkale.!? and the bridge Kadm Most over the Stru ma in Kyustendil (in present day Bulgari a).20 ishak Pasha bin ibrahim ended his days in 1487 , while he was serving as Vali of Thessa1oniki. During his sojourn in that city, he built a mosqu e and an imaret (Alaca Imaret), the endowment ofwhi ch dates from AH 892 (1487), the yea r of ishak Pasha's death.v' This complex was partially suppo rted from the incom e of public baths and an inn in the town of Siderokapsa in the peninsula of Chalkidiki.s? RumMehmed Pasha Rum Mehmed Pasha, Mahmud Pasha's rival in the cour t, built his great complex in Uskudar, a subur b of the capital on the shores of 12 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 298-302 . Goodwin , Ottoman Architec­ ture, 117. Ulgen, "inegol", 192c-192d. 13 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 303-304. Ulgen, "lnegol", 192c. 14 Ayverdi, Osmanlt Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 48-49 . Ayverdi, Fatih Deuri Mimarisi, 72. Tamer , "Ishak Pasa", 112-113, 117. 15 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 8 13. T amer, "ishak Pasa", 112-113. 16 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 130. T amer, "ishak Pasa", 116. 17 Asikpasa zade, Die altosmanische Chronik, 197. Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 425-426, 601. Ayverdi, Fatih Deori Mimarisi, 34. Tamer, "ishak Pa§a", 113. Kafescioglu, "T he Ottoman Capital", 197. The 1546 docum ent inform s us that the income of those baths in that year was 1,800 akce annually. Barkan and Ayverd i, istanbul Vakiflan, 5. 18 Ayverdi, Osmanli Mimarisinde Fatih Deori, 233. T amer, "ishak Pasa", III , 113. 19 Ayverdi, Fatih Deuri Mimarisi, 74. According to Ayverdi, Osmanli MimarisindeFatih Deuri, 171, it is not known whether this hamam was built by ishak bin ib rahim or ishak bin Abdullah. In any case, it is not mentioned in ishak bin ibrahim 's oaksf. 20 Ayverdi, Osmanlt Mimarisinde Fatih Deuri, 806-807. 2\ Tamer , "ishak Pasa", 119. M. Kiel, "Notes on the History of some T urkish Monuments in T hessaloniki and their Founde rs", Balkan Studies II (1970): 135-140. Asikpasazade, Die altosmanische Chronik, 197. 22 Tamer , "ishak Pasa", 119. Kiel, "T urkish Monuments in Thessaloniki", 139. Theoharis Stavrides - 9789004492332 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 09:44:29AM via free access 4 14 APPENDIX III Asia. This complex included a mosque, a schoo l, pu blic ba ths, a soup kitchen, an inn , as well as the founder's mausoleum. According to its inscription, the mosque was built in AH 876 (1471- 1472),23 and presented many Byzan tinizing elements.t! T he mausoleum was an octagonal building situated behind the mosqu e.P The entire complex received water through the Rum Me hmed Pasha Aqu educt in Dogan­ cllar. 26 Also in Uskuda r, Rum Mehmed Pasha built a bazaar, which consisted of fifty shops.f? He also built public baths in the Unkapam area in Istanbul.i" although his palace was not in the proximity of his main foundat ion , but within the walls of the capital.s? Rum Me hmed Pasha's mosque in -oskiida r was in part suppo rted by the public baths that he had built in Edirne.t" as well as by houses and shops in Istanbul and the income from a village in the area of Dime­ toka.f T hree more buildings by Rum Mehmed Pasha are also known in Anatolia. There is a mosque in the town of Tire in western Anatolia, the date of which is the same as the date of the mosque in -0skudar, AH 876.
Recommended publications

  • 171 Abdülkerimzade Mehmed, 171 Abdullah Bin Mercan, 171

    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17716-1 — Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Abdurrahman Atçıl Index More Information Index Abdülkerim (Vizeli), 171 AliFenari(FenariAlisi),66 Abdülkerimzade Mehmed, 171 ʿAli bin Abi Talib (fourth caliph), 88 Abdullah bin Mercan, 171 Ali Ku¸sçu, 65, 66, 77n77 Abdülvahhab bin Abdülkerim, 101 Al-Malik al-Muʾayyad (Mamluk ruler), Abdurrahman bin Seydi Ali, 157, 42 157n40 Altıncızade (Mehmed II’s physician), Abdurrahman Cami, 64 80 Abu Bakr (irst caliph), 94 Amasya, 127n37, 177 Abu Hanifa, 11 joint teaching and jurist position in, ahi organization, 22 197 Ahizade Yusuf, 100 judgeship of, 79n84 Ahmed, Prince (Bayezid II’s son), 86, Anatolian principalities, 1, 20, 21, 22, 87 23n22, 24n26, 25, 26, 28, 36, 44, Ahmed Bey Madrasa, 159 64 Ahmed Bican (Sui writer), 56 Ankara, 25, 115, 178 Ahmed Pasha (governor of Egypt), 123 battle of, 25, 54 Ahmed Pasha bin Hızır Bey. See Müfti joint teaching and jurist position in, Ahmed Pasha 197 Ahmed Pasha bin Veliyyüddin, 80 Arab Hekim (Mehmed II’s physician), Ahmed Pasha Madrasa (Alasonya), 80 161 Arab lands, 19, 36, 42, 50, 106, Ahmedi (poet), 34 110n83, 119, 142, 201, 202, ʿAʾisha (Prophet’s wife), 94 221 Akkoyunlus, 65, 66 A¸sık Çelebi, 10 Ak¸semseddin, 51, 61 A¸sıkpa¸sazade, 38, 67, 91 Alaeddin Ali bin Yusuf Fenari, 70n43, Ataullah Acemi, 66, 80 76 Atayi, Nevizade, 11, 140, 140n21, Alaeddin Esved, 33, 39 140n22, 194, 200 Alaeddin Pasha (Osman’s vizier), 40 Hadaʾiq al-Haqaʾiq, 11, 206 Alaeddin Tusi, 42, 60n5, 68n39, 81 Ayasofya Madrasa, 60, 65, 71,
  • A Study of Muslim Economic Thinking in the 11Th A.H

    A Study of Muslim Economic Thinking in the 11Th A.H

    Munich Personal RePEc Archive A study of Muslim economic thinking in the 11th A.H. / 17th C.E. century Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75431/ MPRA Paper No. 75431, posted 06 Dec 2016 02:55 UTC Abdul Azim Islahi Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publising Centre King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FOREWORD There are numerous works on the history of Islamic economic thought. But almost all researches come to an end in 9th AH/15th CE century. We hardly find a reference to the economic ideas of Muslim scholars who lived in the 16th or 17th century, in works dealing with the history of Islamic economic thought. The period after the 9th/15th century remained largely unexplored. Dr. Islahi has ventured to investigate the periods after the 9th/15th century. He has already completed a study on Muslim economic thinking and institutions in the 10th/16th century (2009). In the mean time, he carried out the study on Muslim economic thinking during the 11th/17th century, which is now in your hand. As the author would like to note, it is only a sketch of the economic ideas in the period under study and a research initiative. It covers the sources available in Arabic, with a focus on the heartland of Islam. There is a need to explore Muslim economic ideas in works written in Persian, Turkish and other languages, as the importance of these languages increased in later periods.
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3

    Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3

    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
  • Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan

    Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan

    Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan The relationship between the Ottomans and the Christians did not evolve around continuous hostility and conflict, as is generally assumed. The Ottomans employed Christians extensively, used Western know-how and technology, and en- couraged European merchants to trade in the Levant. On the state level, too, what dictated international diplomacy was not the religious factors, but rather rational strategies that were the results of carefully calculated priorities, for in- stance, several alliances between the Ottomans and the Christian states. All this cooperation blurred the cultural bound- aries and facilitated the flow of people, ideas, technologies and goods from one civilization to another. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Christians in the Service of the Ottomans 3. Ottoman Alliances with the Christian States 4. Conclusion 5. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction Cooperation between the Ottomans and various Christian groups and individuals started as early as the beginning of the 14th century, when the Ottoman state itself emerged. The Ottomans, although a Muslim polity, did not hesitate to cooperate with Christians for practical reasons. Nevertheless, the misreading of the Ghaza (Holy War) literature1 and the consequent romanticization of the Ottomans' struggle in carrying the banner of Islam conceal the true nature of rela- tions between Muslims and Christians. Rather than an inevitable conflict, what prevailed was cooperation in which cul- tural, ethnic, and religious boundaries seemed to disappear. Ÿ1 The Ottomans came into contact and allied themselves with Christians on two levels. Firstly, Christian allies of the Ot- tomans were individuals; the Ottomans employed a number of Christians in their service, mostly, but not always, after they had converted.
  • Migration, Memory and Mythification: Relocation of Suleymani Tribes on the Northern Ottoman–Iranian Frontier

    Migration, Memory and Mythification: Relocation of Suleymani Tribes on the Northern Ottoman–Iranian Frontier

    Middle Eastern Studies ISSN: 0026-3206 (Print) 1743-7881 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fmes20 Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier Erdal Çiftçi To cite this article: Erdal Çiftçi (2018) Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier, Middle Eastern Studies, 54:2, 270-288, DOI: 10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 Published online: 06 Nov 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 361 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fmes20 MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES, 2018 VOL. 54, NO. 2, 270–288 https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier Erdal Cift¸ ci¸ a,b aHistory Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; bHistory Department, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey Although some researchers have studied the relationship between hereditary Kurdish emirs and the Ottoman central government, there has been little discussion of the role played by Kurdish tribes, and Kurdish tribes in general have been omitted from scholars’ narratives. Researchers have mostly discussed how Idris-i Bidlisi became an intermediary between the Ottoman central government and the disinherited Kurdish emirs, some of whom had been removed from power by the Safavids. In this article, we will not focus on the condominium between the Ottoman central government and the Kurdish emirs, but rather, we will draw attention to the roles played by the Kurdish tribes – specifically, the role played by the Suleymani tribes during the period dominated by local political upheaval in the sixteenth century.
  • Fall of Constantinople] Pmunc 2018 ​ ​ Contents

    Fall of Constantinople] Pmunc 2018 ​ ​ Contents

    [FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 ​ ​ CONTENTS Letter from the Chair and CD………....…………………………………………....[3] Committee Description…………………………………………………………….[4] The Siege of Constantinople: Introduction………………………………………………………….……. [5] Sailing to Byzantium: A Brief History……...………....……………………...[6] Current Status………………………………………………………………[9] Keywords………………………………………………………………….[12] Questions for Consideration……………………………………………….[14] Character List…………………...………………………………………….[15] Citations……..…………………...………………………………………...[23] 2 [FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 ​ ​ LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Dear delegates, Welcome to PMUNC! My name is Atakan Baltaci, and I’m super excited to conquer a city! I will be your chair for the Fall of Constantinople Committee at PMUNC 2018. We have gathered the mightiest commanders, the most cunning statesmen and the most renowned scholars the Ottoman Empire has ever seen to achieve the toughest of goals: conquering Constantinople. This Sultan is clever and more than eager, but he is also young and wants your advice. Let’s see what comes of this! Sincerely, Atakan Baltaci Dear delegates, Hello and welcome to PMUNC! I am Kris Hristov and I will be your crisis director for the siege of Constantinople. I am pleased to say this will not be your typical committee as we will focus more on enacting more small directives, building up to the siege of Constantinople, which will require military mobilization, finding the funds for an invasion and the political will on the part of all delegates.. Sincerely, Kris Hristov 3 [FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 ​ ​ COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION The year is 1451, and a 19 year old has re-ascended to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed II is now assembling his Imperial Court for the grandest city of all: Constantinople! The Fall of Constantinople (affectionately called the Conquest of Istanbul by the Turks) was the capture of the Byzantine Empire's capital by the Ottoman Empire.
  • Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer

    Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer

    Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The image is available in Open Access at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447807 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krstić, Tijana, editor. | Terzioğlu, Derin, 1969- editor. Title: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 / edited by Tijana Krstić, Derin Terzioğlu. Description: Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Islamic history and civilization. studies and texts, 0929-2403 ; 177 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
  • Art-Sanat, 14(2020): 185–209

    Art-Sanat, 14(2020): 185–209

    Art-Sanat, 14(2020): 185–209 DOI: 10.26650/artsanat.2020.14.0008 http://dergipark.gov.tr/iuarts Başvuru: 22.03.2019 Revizyon talebi: 06.11.2019 Art-Sanat Son revizyon teslimi: 11.06.2020 Kabul: 11.07.2020 ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESI / RESEARCH ARTICLE Üsküdar: Harem Kadınlarının Prestij Sahası* Üsküdar: Prestige Area of the Ottoman Court Women Murat Kalafat** Öz Türk Mimarisi içerisinde kurucu olarak kadınların varlığı Hun ve Göktürk dönemlerine kadar geri götürülebilmektedir. Bu durum ilerleyen dönemlerde süreklilik göstermekle birlikte, en yoğun yaşandığı çağ Osmanlı’nın “Klasik” dönemidir. Bu kurucu/bâni grubu, imparatorluğun çeşitli bölgelerinde isimlerini yaşatan mimarlık ürünleri yaptırmışlardır. Ancak başkent olması nedeniyle en görkemli anıtsal mimari örneklerin bulunduğu İstanbul ve özellikle Üsküdar’da belirli bir yoğunlaşma izlenebilmektedir. Üsküdar’daki geniş organizasyonlu ve anıtsal mimari örneklerin tamamına yakını, Valide Sultanlar başta olmak üzere Harem kadınları tarafından inşa ettirilmiştir. Ayrıca Üsküdar’da bulunan bu yapılar, hem organizasyon hem anıtsallık bağlamında, bânilerinin “prestij yapısı” olarak nitelendirilebilecek uygulamalardır. Bahsedilen yapılar haricinde sadece üç adet anıtsal mimari örnek erkek baniler tarafından inşa edilmiştir: Rum Mehmed Paşa Küliyesi, Şemsi Paşa Külliyesi ve Selimiye Külliyesi. Bu durumun sebeplerini anlamak için başvurulacak referanslar ise çevre koşullarda aranmalıdır. Çevre koşulların değerlendirilmesi, Üsküdar’ın bir kent olarak niteliklerini saptamak ve diğer bölgelere göre farklı olduğu noktaları ortaya koymakla mümkündür. Buna göre şehrin tarihi, coğrafi, siyasi ve demografik özellikleri analiz edilmelidir. Böylelikle Üsküdar’daki bu yoğunlaşmanın sebepleri hakkında bir yaklaşım geliştirilebilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler Üsküdar, Mimari, Harem Kadınları, Prestij Sahası Abstract The existence of women as founders/patrons in Turkish Architecture can be dated back to Hun and Göktürk periods.
  • Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89867-6 — a History of the Ottoman Empire Douglas A

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89867-6 — a History of the Ottoman Empire Douglas A

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89867-6 — A History of the Ottoman Empire Douglas A. Howard Index More Information Index “Bold text denotes reference to figure” Abbas (Shah), 121, 140, 148 Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, tomb of, 70, 90–91 Abbas Hilmi (Khedive), 311 Abu Hanifa, 114 Abbasids, 3, 27, 45, 92, 124, 149 tomb restored, 92 scholars, on end of the world, 53 Abu Taqiyya family, of Cairo, 155 Abd al-Kader al-Gilani, 92, 316 Abu’l-Ghazi Bahadur Khan, of Khiva, 265 Abdülaziz (Sultan), 227, 245, 247, 257–58, Abyssinia, 94 289 Aceh (Sumatra), 203 deposed, 270 Acre, 214, 233, 247 suicide of, 270, 280 Adana, 141, 287, 307 tour of Europe, 264, 266 and rail lines, 287, 307 Abdülhamid I (Sultan), 181, 222, 230–31 French occupation of, 309 Abdülhamid II (Sultan), 227, 270, 278–80, headquarters of Ibrahim at, 247 283–84, 296 in census, 282 and Armenian question, 292 massacre of Armenians in, 296–97 and census, 280 on hajj route, 201, 203 and Macedonian question, 294 Adana, 297 and public ritual, 287 Adana, province of concessions to revolutionaries, 295 cotton boom in, 286–87 deposed, 296 Aden educational reforms of, 287–88 Ottoman conquest of, 105 memoirs about, 280 Admiral of the Fleet, See Kapudan Pasha opposition to, 292–93 Adnan Abdülhak, 319 repression by, 292 Adrianople. See Edirne security apparatus of, 280 Adriatic Sea, 19, 74–76, 111, 155, 174, 186, 234 Abdullah Frères (photographers), 200, 288, 290 and Afro-Eurasian commerce, 74 Abdullah Frères (photographers), 10, 56, 200, Advice for kings genre, 71, 124–25, 150, 262 244 Aegean archipelago
  • 3 Introducing the Ottoman Empire 49 4 Scholars in Mehmed II’S Nascent Imperial Bureaucracy (1453–1481) 59 5 Scholar-Bureaucrats Realize Their Power (1481–1530) 83

    3 Introducing the Ottoman Empire 49 4 Scholars in Mehmed II’S Nascent Imperial Bureaucracy (1453–1481) 59 5 Scholar-Bureaucrats Realize Their Power (1481–1530) 83

    Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire During the early Ottoman period (1300–1453), scholars in the empire carefully kept their distance from the ruling class. This changed with the capture of Constantinople. From 1453 to 1600, the Ottoman government coopted large groups of scholars, usually more than a thousand at a time, and employed them in a hierarchical bureaucracy to fulfill educational, legal, and administrative tasks. Abdurrahman Atçıl explores the factors that brought about this gradual transformation of scholars into scholar- bureaucrats, including the deliberate legal, bureaucratic, and architectural actions of the Ottoman sultans and their representatives, scholars’ own participation in shaping the rules governing their status and careers, and domestic and international events beyond the control of either group. abdurrahman atçıl is Assistant Professor and a fellow of the Brain Circulation Scheme, co-funded by the European Research Council and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, at IstanbulSehir ¸ University. He also holds an assistant professorship in Arabic and Islamic studies at Queens College, City University of New York. Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. Cambridge University Library, on 13 Feb 2017 at 10:56:57, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316819326 Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. Cambridge University Library, on 13 Feb 2017 at 10:56:57, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316819326 Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire abdurrahman atçıl Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core.
  • Firuz Agha and His Hammam in Smederevo

    Firuz Agha and His Hammam in Smederevo

    UDC: 061.27:929 Firuz aga https://doi.org/10.2298/STA1868191K 725.73(497.11) Original research article SR\AN KATI], Institute of History Belgrade ALEKSANDAR KRSTI], Institute of History Belgrade FIRUZ AGHA AND HIS HAMMAM IN SMEDEREVO e-mail: [email protected] Abstract – This paper deals with the hammam in the Smederevo fortress, erected by Firuz Agha, the head of the Sultan’s treasury, between 1485 and 1490. Using Ottoman sources, the authors are able to determine the time of construction, the method of work and the role that this public bath played for Smederevo’s inhabitants. The hammam was very important for the functioning of the great Firuz’s waqf, which included numerous buildings in the Balkans and Anatolia. Based on data on the waqf’s revenue, it may be concluded that until the mid-16th century the hammam in the Smederevo fortress was one of the most profitable facilities of its kind in the Ottoman Empire. Over a quarter of a century, Firuz, as the court agha and later as the sanjak-bey, constructed another three hammams in Tokat, Sivas and Sarajevo, which help us discern patterns and changes in the manner of construction. Based on this knowledge and information about the appearance and manner of functioning of the numerous hammams built in the second half of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century, the authors present the presumed disposition of the rooms of the public bath in the Smederevo fortress. In the female section, the rooms can be determined with great certainty, while three possible types, based on the shape and dimensions, are offered for the hot part of the male section of the hammam.
  • British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence Or War of Religion?

    British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence Or War of Religion?

    University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons History Faculty Publications Department of History 2011 British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence or War of Religion? Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub Part of the Diplomatic History Commons Recommended Citation Prousis, Theophilus C., "British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence or War of Religion?" (2011). History Faculty Publications. 21. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2011 All Rights Reserved “BRITISH EMBASSY REPORTS ON THE GREEK UPRISING IN 1821-1822: WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OR WAR OF RELIGION?” THEOPHILUS C. PROUSIS* In a dispatch of 10 April 1821 to Foreign Secretary Castlereagh, Britain’s ambassador to the Sublime Porte (Lord Strangford) evoked the prevalence of religious mentalities and religiously induced reprisals in the initial phase of the Greek War of Independence. The sultan’s “government perseveres in its endeavours to strike terror into the minds of its Greek subjects; and it seems that these efforts have been very successful. The commerce of the Greeks has been altogether suspended – their houses