To the Ottoman Turks
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Ancient Roman Admirals"
RRROM@NROM@N N@VY Caius Duilius Columna rostrata (Szczebrzeszynski, Wikipedia, Creative Commons). NAVIGARE NECESSE EST Non solo per gli appassionati di storia navale, ma per tutti gli amanti del mare e della classicità, ed in particolare per coloro che, come me, non sanno sottrarsi al fascino della civiltà romana. di DOMENICO CARRO Introduzione (in Italiano): genesi e nome di questo sito Web. Parte I VETRINA « CLASSICA» sulla storia navale e marittima dell'antica Roma (in Italiano): elementi relativi alla ricerca che da diversi anni sto conducendo al fine di pervenire ad una migliore messa a fuoco degli aspetti navali e marittimi del mondo romano. Dati sulle pubblicazioni maggiori (situazione e progetti) e bibliografia delle fonti antiche. Parte II ROMA MARITTIMA - Roma Eterna sul mare (in Italiano, con un po' di Francese e un po' di Inglese): altri miei contributi alla ricostruzione della storia navale e marittima dell'antica Roma e alla conoscenza dei Romani che si sono illustrati sul mare. Contiene alcuni saggi, qualche altro scritto minore e una bibliografia di fonti moderne. Parte III TESTI ANTICHI (in Italiano e Latino): alcuni scritti poco conosciuti, che trattano questioni navali o marittime secondo gli usi degli antichi Romani. Parte IV CONTRIBUTI ESTERNI (in Italiano): spazio predisposto per ospitare scritti di altri autori, quali ulteriori contributi alla conoscenza della storia navale e marittima dell'antica Roma. Parte V GALLERIA NAVALE (in Italiano): selezione di immagini navali romane (affreschi, mosaici, bassorilievi, sculture, monete e altri reperti) pubblicate su «Classica» o sulla Rete. Accreditamenti (titoli in Italiano e Inglese; commenti in Italiano): Guida alle risorse Internet d'interesse per la ricerca di altri elementi relativi alla storia navale e marittima dell'antica Roma. -
Kyiv in Your Pocket, № 56 (March-May), 2014
Maps Events Restaurants Cafés Nightlife Sightseeing Shopping Hotels Kyiv March - May 2014 Orthodox Easter Ukrainian traditions Parks & Gardens The best places to experience the amazing springtime inyourpocket.com N°56 Contents ESSENTIAL CITY GUIDES Arrival & Getting around 6 Getting to the city, car rentals and transport The Basics 8 All you’d better know while in Kyiv History 11 A short overview of a rich Ukrainian history Orthodox Easter 12 Ukrainian taditions Culture & Events 14 Classical music, concerts and exhibitions schedules Where to stay 18 Kviv accommodation options Quick Picks 27 Kyiv on one page Peyzazhna Alley Wonderland Restaurants 28 The selection of the best restaurants in the city Cafes 38 Our choice from dozens of cafes Drink & Party 39 City’s best bars, pubs & clubs What to see 42 Essential sights, museums, and famous churches Parks & Gardens 50 The best place to expirience the amazing springtime Shopping 52 Where to spend some money Directory 54 Medical tourism, lifestyle and business connections Maps & Index Street register 56 City centre map 57 City map 58 A time machine at Pyrohovo open-air museum Country map 59 facebook.com/KyivInYourPocket March - May 2014 3 Foreword Spring in Kyiv usually comes late, so the beginning of March does not mean warm weather, shining sun and blossoming flowers. Kyiv residents could not be happier that spring is coming, as this past winter lasted too long. Snow fell right on schedule in December and only the last days of Febru- Publisher ary gave us some hope when we saw the snow thawing. Neolitas-KIS Ltd. -
Warfare in the Histories of John Kantakouzenos 299
Warfare in the Histories of John Kantakouzenos 299 Chapter 14 Warfare in the Histories of John Kantakouzenos Savvas Kyriakidis The purpose of this paper is to examine the descriptions of military operations that can be found in the Histories of the megas domestikos and emperor John VI Kantakouzenos (1347-54). The discussion of Kantakouzenos’ accounts of mili- tary operations contributes to the better understanding of his military thinking and provides a better insight to the nature of military conflicts in the Byzantine world in the first half of the fourteenth century. John VI Kantakouzenos is the only late Byzantine emperor who wrote a nar- rative of the political and military events of his period. His Histories cover the period 1320-1356, though some events, such as the temporary capture of Anhialos and Mesembria by John V Palaiologos (1341-91) date in the 1360s.1 Modern scholars describe the Histories either as an apologetic work for Kantakouzenos’ role in the civil wars of the fourteenth century which ruined Byzantium, or as memoirs.2 Regardless whether the distinction between memoirs and historiography can be applied in this case, Kantakouzenos’ agenda is easily discernible. He wanted to justify and explain his involvement in the civil wars and portray himself as a defender of the dynastic rights of the emperors of the Palaiologan dynasty.3 Kantakouzenos supported and financed the rebellion of Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328-41) against his grandfather Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282-28). This rebellion led to a civil war which was fought intermittently from 1321 until 1328 and resulted in the deposition of the elder Andronikos. -
About Bulgaria
Source: Zone Bulgaria (http://en.zonebulgaria.com/) About Bulgaria General Information about Bulgaria Bulgaria is a country in Southeastern Europe and is situated on the Balkan Peninsula. To the north the country borders Rumania, to the east – the Black Sea, to the south – Turkey and Greece, and to the west – Yugoslavia and Macedonia. Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with a National Assembly (One House Parliament) of 240 national representatives. The President is Head of State. Geography of Bulgaria The Republic of Bulgaria covers a territory of 110 993 square kilometres. The average altitude of the country is 470 metres above sea level. The Stara Planina Mountain occupies central position and serves as a natural dividing line from the west to the east. It is a 750 km long mountain range stretching from the Vrushka Chuka Pass to Cape Emine and is part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain range. It reaches the Black Sea to the east and turns to the north along the Bulgarian-Yugoslavian border. A natural boundary with Romania is the Danube River, which is navigable all along for cargo and passenger vessels. The Black Sea is the natural eastern border of Bulgaria and its coastline is 378 km long. There are clearly cut bays, the biggest two being those of Varna and Bourgas. About 25% of the coastline are covered with sand and hosts our seaside resorts. The southern part of Bulgaria is mainly mountainous. The highest mountain is Rila with Mt. Moussala being the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula (2925 m). The second highest and the mountain of most alpine character in Bulgaria is Pirin with its highest Mt. -
Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others. -
The Ionian Islands COPY
∆ΩΡΕΑΝ ΑΝΤΙΤΥΠΟ FREE COPY PUBLICATION GRATUITE FRA OPUSCOLO GRATUITO ITA The Ionian Islands EJEMPLAR ESP GRATUITO GRATIS- www.visitgreece.gr AUSGABE Распространяется бесплатно GREEK NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION THE IONIAN ISLANDS GREEK NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION 04Corfu (Kerkyra) 22Diapontia Islands 26Paxoi (Paxi) 32Lefkada 50Kefalonia 68Ithaca (Ithaki) 74Zakynthos (Zante) CONTENTS 1. Cover page: Zakynthos, Navagio beach. Its white sand and turquoise waters attract thousands of visitors each year. Ionian Islands The Ionian Islands have a temperate climate, seawaters as deep as they are refreshing, in the area, reaching 4,406 m., registered as the greatest in the Mediterranean. verdant mountains, a rich cultural heritage and a carefree spirit; the ideal combination for Their mild, temperate climate makes them the ideal choice for vacation or permanent stay. your holidays during which you will enjoy a well-developed tourism infrastructure, hotels, In the wintertime, the mainland’s mountains buffer the bitter northern winds blowing to the restaurants, water sports centres, cultural events and numerous sights, historic monuments, direction of the islands while the hot summer weather is tempered by the mild northwestern and museums. meltemia winds and the sea breeze. The area’s air currents have turned many of the Ionian Scattered along the mainland’s western coastline, the Ionian Islands are a cluster of 12 Islands’ beaches into worldwide known destinations for windsurfing. large and small islands covering an area of 2,200 sq. km. There are six large ones: Zakynthos The Ionian Islands have been inhabited since the Paleolithic times. Since then, numerous (Zante), Ithaki (Ithaca), Kerkyra (Corfu), Kefalonia (Cephallonia), Lefkada (Leucas), and invaders and cultural influences have left their stamp on the islands. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1992, No.26
www.ukrweekly.com Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.ic, a, fraternal non-profit association! ramian V Vol. LX No. 26 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY0, JUNE 28, 1992 50 cents Orthodox Churches Kravchuk, Yeltsin conclude accord at Dagomys summit by Marta Kolomayets Underscoring their commitment to signed by the two presidents, as well as Kiev Press Bureau the development of the democratic their Supreme Council chairmen, Ivan announce union process, the two sides agreed they will Pliushch of Ukraine and Ruslan Khas- by Marta Kolomayets DAGOMYS, Russia - "The agree "build their relations as friendly states bulatov of Russia, and Ukrainian Prime Kiev Press Bureau ment in Dagomys marks a radical turn and will immediately start working out Minister Vitold Fokin and acting Rus KIEV — As The Weekly was going to in relations between two great states, a large-scale political agreements which sian Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar. press, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church change which must lead our relations to would reflect the new qualities of rela The Crimea, another difficult issue in faction led by Metropolitan Filaret and a full-fledged and equal inter-state tions between them." Ukrainian-Russian relations was offi the Ukrainian Autocephalous Ortho level," Ukrainian President Leonid But several political breakthroughs cially not on the agenda of the one-day dox Church, which is headed by Metro Kravchuk told a press conference after came at the one-day meeting held at this summit, but according to Mr. Khasbu- politan Antoniy of Sicheslav and the conclusion of the first Ukrainian- beach resort, where the Black Sea is an latov, the topic was discussed in various Pereyaslav in the absence of Mstyslav I, Russian summit in Dagomys, a resort inviting front yard and the Caucasus circles. -
The Little Metropolis at Athens 15
Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses 2011 The Littleetr M opolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia Paul Brazinski Bucknell University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Brazinski, Paul, "The Little eM tropolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia" (2011). Honors Theses. 12. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/12 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Paul A. Brazinski iv Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and thank Professor Larson for her patience and thoughtful insight throughout the writing process. She was a tremendous help in editing as well, however, all errors are mine alone. This endeavor could not have been done without you. I would also like to thank Professor Sanders for showing me the fruitful possibilities in the field of Frankish archaeology. I wish to thank Professor Daly for lighting the initial spark for my classical and byzantine interests as well as serving as my archaeological role model. Lastly, I would also like to thank Professor Ulmer, Professor Jones, and all the other Professors who have influenced me and made my stay at Bucknell University one that I will never forget. This thesis is dedicated to my Mom, Dad, Brian, Mark, and yes, even Andrea. Paul A. Brazinski v Table of Contents Abstract viii Introduction 1 History 3 Byzantine Architecture 4 The Little Metropolis at Athens 15 Merbaka 24 Agioi Theodoroi 27 Hagiography: The Saints Theodores 29 Iconography & Cultural Perspectives 35 Conclusions 57 Work Cited 60 Appendix & Figures 65 Paul A. -
Introduction
Introduction This book seeks to narrate one part of one of the longest wars in European his- tory. Armed conflict between the Kingdom of Hungary and the nascent Otto- man Empire started in the late fourteenth century and only ended in the early eighteenth, or, in a sense, even later. By then, Hungary had been territorially dismembered for 150 years, with one part of the medieval kingdom integrated into the Habsburg Empire, another under direct Ottoman rule, and the third forming a semi-independent state under Ottoman suzerainty. It is the second half of this long period (1526–1686) that is traditionally examined under the rubric of “Hungary in the Ottoman era.” Yet the period explored in this study, ending with the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, deserves the adjective “Ottoman” no less, even if at that time it was a still independent and undivided Kingdom of Hungary that opposed an ever mightier Ottoman Empire. From the very first appearance of Turkish raiders on Hungarian soil, the menace rep- resented by the new conquerors loomed so large over Hungary as to gradually subsume all other aspects of foreign and domestic politics. Fighting against the Ottomans became the single most important aim of successive kings and gov- ernments, even if the ways and means they chose to do so varied constantly. Alongside narrating events, this book also seeks to explain their course and changing features in terms of the specific social and military structures of the rival powers. Warfare between the Ottomans and the Hungarians had nothing of the chivalric gallantry that saved the lives of kings John of France at Poitiers in 1356 and Francis i of France at Pavia in 1525. -
Table of Contents
Empire Earth TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Installation...............................................................................................5 Installing Empire Earth ..........................................................................................................5 Tips to Improve Game Performance ......................................................................................6 Prehistoric (500,000 – 50,000 BC) ............................................................................8 Chapter II: What is Empire Earth? ......................................................................10 The Emergence of Empires ..................................................................................................10 Your Role in Empire Earth...............................................................................................11 Features of Empire Earth......................................................................................................12 Stone Age (50,000 – 5,000 BC)................................................................................14 Chapter III: Starting Empire Earth ......................................................................16 Launching the Game ............................................................................................................16 Main Menu ...........................................................................................................................16 Learning to Play ...................................................................................................................17 -
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, 1893-1912 By Martin Valkov Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Prof. Tolga Esmer Second Reader: Prof. Roumen Daskalov CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract The current thesis narrates an important episode of the history of South Eastern Europe, namely the history of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and its demand for political autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. Far from being “ancient hatreds” the communal conflicts that emerged in Macedonia in this period were a result of the ongoing processes of nationalization among the different communities and the competing visions of their national projects. These conflicts were greatly influenced by inter-imperial rivalries on the Balkans and the combination of increasing interference of the Great European Powers and small Balkan states of the Ottoman domestic affairs. I argue that autonomy was a multidimensional concept covering various meanings white-washed later on into the clean narratives of nationalism and rebirth. -
Aspects of St Anna's Cult in Byzantium
ASPECTS OF ST ANNA’S CULT IN BYZANTIUM by EIRINI PANOU A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 Acknowledgments It is said that a PhD is a lonely work. However, this thesis, like any other one, would not have become reality without the contribution of a number of individuals and institutions. First of all of my academical mother, Leslie Brubaker, whose constant support, guidance and encouragement accompanied me through all the years of research. Of the National Scholarship Foundation of Greece ( I.K.Y.) with its financial help for the greatest part of my postgraduate studies. Of my father George, my mother Angeliki and my bother Nick for their psychological and financial support, and of my friends in Greece (Lily Athanatou, Maria Sourlatzi, Kanela Oikonomaki, Maria Lemoni) for being by my side in all my years of absence. Special thanks should also be addressed to Mary Cunningham for her comments on an early draft of this thesis and for providing me with unpublished material of her work. I would like also to express my gratitude to Marka Tomic Djuric who allowed me to use unpublished photographic material from her doctoral thesis. Special thanks should also be addressed to Kanela Oikonomaki whose expertise in Medieval Greek smoothened the translation of a number of texts, my brother Nick Panou for polishing my English, and to my colleagues (Polyvios Konis, Frouke Schrijver and Vera Andriopoulou) and my friends in Birmingham (especially Jane Myhre Trejo and Ola Pawlik) for the wonderful time we have had all these years.