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Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer

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Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The image is available in Open Access at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447807 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krstić, Tijana, editor. | Terzioğlu, Derin, 1969- editor. Title: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 / edited by Tijana Krstić, Derin Terzioğlu. Description: Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Islamic history and civilization. studies and texts, 0929-2403 ; 177 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020032337 (print) | LCCN 2020032338 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004440289 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004440296 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Islam–Turkey–History. | Turkey–History–Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918. | Sunna. Classification: LCC BP63.T8 H57 2020 (print) | LCC BP63.T8 (ebook) | DDC 297.8/10956–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032337 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032338 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill‑typeface. ISSN 0929-2403 ISBN 978-90-04-44028-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-44029-6 (e-book) Copyright 2021 by Tijana Krstić and Derin Terzioğlu. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Acknowledgments ix List of Figures xi Abbreviations xiv Note on Transliteration xv 1 Historicizing the Study of Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 1 Tijana Krstić Part 1 Rethinking Sunni Orthodoxy in Dialogue with the Past and the Present 2 A New Hadith Culture? Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer 3 A Contrarian Voice: Şehzāde Ḳorḳud’s (d. 919/1513) Writings on Kalām and the Early Articulation of Ottoman Sunnism 62 Nabil Al-Tikriti 4 Ibn Taymiyya, al-Siyāsa al-Sharʿiyya, and the Early Modern Ottomans 101 Derin Terzioğlu 5 You Must Know Your Faith in Detail: Redefinition of the Role of Knowledge and Boundaries of Belief in Ottoman Catechisms (ʿİlm-i ḥāls) 155 Tijana Krstić 6 How to Read Heresy in the Ottoman World 196 Nir Shafir 7 Prayers, Commentaries, and the Edification of the Ottoman Supplicant 232 Guy Burak vi contents Part 2 Building a Pious Community: Spatial Dimensions of Sunnitization 8 Lives and Afterlives of an Urban Institution and Its Spaces: The Early Ottoman ʿİmāret as Mosque 255 Çiğdem Kafescioğlu 9 Abdāl-affiliated Convents and “Sunnitizing” Halveti Dervishes in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Rumeli 308 Grigor Boykov 10 Attendance at the Five Daily Congregational Prayers, Imams and Their Communities in the Jurisprudential Debates during the Ottoman Age of Sunnitization 341 H. Evren Sünnetçioğlu 11 Piety and Presence in the Postclassical Sultanic Mosque 376 Ünver Rüstem Part 3 Sunnis, Shi‘is and Kızılbaş: The Context- and Genre-Specific Nature of Confessional Politics 12 Neither Victim Nor Accomplice: The Kızılbaş as Borderland Actors in the Early Modern Ottoman Realm 423 Ayşe Baltacıoğlu-Brammer 13 Reading Ottoman Sunnism through Islamic History: Approaches toward Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya in Ottoman Historical Writing 451 Vefa Erginbaş 14 Islamic Discourse in Ottoman-Safavid Peacetime Diplomacy after 1049/1639 479 Selim Güngörürler contents vii Index of Geographical Names 501 Index of Personal Names 505 Index of Quranic References 515 Index of Titles of Premodern Books 516 Index of General Terms 521 Acknowledgments This volume has its origins in a workshop entitled “(Re)Thinking Ottoman Sun- nitization, ca. 1450–1750,” held at Central European University in Budapest on August 25–26, 2017. However, this was only the beginning of a conversation that continued for three years, and the provisional conclusions of which are presented in this collection. In the process we have all learned a lot from each other and from colleagues involved in various ways, either as commentators at the original workshop, as anonymous reviewers, or as interested readers pro- viding valuable feedback. Ahmet Kaylı, Aslıhan Gürbüzel, Ayfer Karakaya-Stump, Baki Tezcan, Devin Stewart, Ferenc Csirkés, Rossitsa Gradeva, Sara NurYıldız, andYavuz Aykan par- ticipated in the original workshop but for various reasons were unable to con- tribute essays to this volume. Ayşe Baltacıoğlu-Brammer, Çiğdem Kafescioğlu, and Helen Pfeifer joined us later. We greatly benefited from the expert insights of Cemal Kafadar, Gottfried Hagen, Gülru Necipoğlu, and M. Sait Özervarlı, who were commentators at the workshop. We would like to thank them all. Both the workshop and this volume are outcomes of the project entitled “The Fashioning of a Sunni Orthodoxy and the Entangled Histories of Con- fession-Building in the Ottoman Empire, 15th–17th Centuries” (OTTOCONFES- SION, Project ID 648498) supported by the European Research Council, Hori- zon 2020 Program. Our then Project Coordinator Tamas Kiss provided invalu- able logistic support during the workshop, while Sona Grigoryan has expertly filled that role since. As part of our research team, Günhan Börekçi has brought many sources and secondary literature to our attention during the preparation of this volume, while Cankat Kaplan meticulously prepared the index. From his base at Süleymaniye Library, Ahmet Kaylı has assisted us in obtain- ing digital copies of manuscripts and published studies. Özgün Deniz Yoldaşlar has also helped us access crucial literature. Guy Burak shared ideas for the cover image and helped us obtain it. The finishing touches to this volume were put at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. There we benefited not only from the exceptional technical and logistic support of the WIKO staff and administration, but also from intellectually stimulating and challenging con- versations with the Fellows. We would particularly like to thank the Rector Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger, Ulrich Rudolph, Jeanne Kormina, Dror Wahrman, Natasha Wheatley, Elena Esposito, Efraín Kristal, Nicole Brisch, Felix Körner, Zaid al-Ali, Michael Karayanni and Balázs Trencsényi. Throughout the process we have had the support of the Brill editorial team, including Maurits van den Boogert, Teddi Dols, and Rebekah Zwanzig. x acknowledgments We would also like to acknowledge the encouragement, support, help, friendship, and feedback of Başak Tuğ, Sara Nur Yıldız, Barbara Kellner-Hein- kele, Alexandar Schunka, Yael Navaro, Hülya Canbakal, Çiğdem Kafescioğlu, Fatma Taşkent, Emese Muntan, Cristina Corduneanu-Huci, Brett Wilson, Jan Hennings, Robyn Radway, Natalie Rothman, Maartje van Gelder, and Nevena Ivanović. Derin thanks Nuran, Ayşecan, Eren, Deniz, and Kıymet for being there for her in so many ways and for filling her life with meaning. She wishes her father Tosun was also still here. Tijana thanks Kovács Julianna and Sonia Pil- libeit for making it possible for her to be a working mother, and Mirjana, Boško, Sunna, Tolga and Leyla for always reminding her of what really matters. We dedicate this volume to our students with the hope that they will con- tinue the conversation. Figures 2.1 The list of authorities upon which Ghazzī transmitted the Ṣaḥīḥ of Bukhārī 50 2.2–2.3 The chain of authorities (isnād) and the hadith text (matn) for a hadith transmitted exclusively by men called Muḥammad, followed by a hadith transmitted by great scholars 51 8.1 Bursa, zāviye/ʿimāret and complex of Meḥmed I, the “Green Mosque,” 822/1419 257 8.2a Bursa, zāviye/ʿimāret of Meḥmed I, 822/1419, plan 258 8.2b Bursa, zāviye/ʿimāret of Meḥmed I, 822/1419, section 259 8.3 Amasya, Bāyezīd Pasha zāviye/ʿimāret, 817/1414 264 8.4 Bursa, kitchen and refectory of the Meḥmed I complex 266 8.5 Istanbul, ʿimāret and mosque of Maḥmūd Pasha, 878/1473–1474, exterior view 267 8.6 Istanbul, ʿimāret and mosque of Maḥmūd Pasha, 878/1473–1474 268 8.7 Istanbul, complex of Meḥmed II, 867–875/1463–1470, plan 269 8.8 Istanbul, tābhāne and ʿimāret (hospice and soup kitchen) of the Meḥmed II complex, the courtyard 271 8.9 Afyon Karahisar, ʿimāret and mosque of Gedik Aḥmed Pasha, 879/1474, exterior view from south 279 8.10 Afyon Karahisar,
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