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NiIV[Efl?#iUflhl GUIDE AND DIRECTORY FOR TRADING WITH

GERMANY

ECONOMIC COOPERATION ADMINISTRATION -SPECIAL MISSION TO , JUNE 1950 Distributed by Office of Small Business, Economic Cooperation Administration, Wasbington 25, D.C. FOREWORD

This guide is published under the auspices of the Small Bus­ iness Program of the'Economic Cooperation Administration. It is intended to assistAmerican business firms, particularlysmaller manufacturingand exporting enterprises,who wish to trade or expandtheirpresent tradingrelationswith Western Germany. This guide containsa summary of economic information reg­ ardingWestern Germany,togetherwith data concerningGerman trade practicesand regulations,particularlythose relatingto the import of goods from the United States financed withECA funds. At the end of the manual are appendicesshowing names and add­ resses of agencies in Western Germany concerned rodh foreign trade and tables of principalGerman exports and imports. The ECA Special Mission to Germany has endeavored to present useful, accurate,and reliableinformationin this manual. Nothing contained herein, however, should be construed to supersede or modify existing legislationor regulationsgoverning ECA procurement or trade with Western Germany. Sources of information contained herein, such as lists of Western German trade organizations,are believed to be complete, but the Mission assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for the reliabilityof any agencies named. ADDENDUM

The following information has been received -during the printing of this manual:

1. American businessmen interested in trading with Germany may consult the newly formed German-American Trade Promotion Company (Ge­ sellschaftzurFdrderungdesdeutsch-amerikanischen Handels), located at Schillerstrasse I, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is understood that this com­ pany is preparing to open offices-in New York and other American cities.

-2. The office of the Consulate General for the Federal- Republic of Germany has'been recently opened at 745 Fifth Avenue, New York 19, NeW4 York. I TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Sources of Information on Trading with Western Germany 7

Procedures for German Imports Procured with ECA Funds . . . . 13

Foreign Trade ...... 19

Foreign Trade Procedures...... * . . . 21

Government in Western Germany ...... 28

General Economic Information about Western Germany * . . . 31

Appendices ...... 35 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

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13M041 e, I SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON TRADING WITH WESTERN GERMANY

This guide is intended to assist American businessmen who are interested in trading with Western Germany.* Since most of Western Germany's imports from the United States are now financed with dollar aid administered by ECA, special attention has been given to procedures relating to such imports as well as to Germen sources of information not now readily avaiable in the United States. There are, however, many other sources of infor­ mation regarding trade with Western Germany which should be consulted. Some of the sources contained in this manual and else­ where are described below.

GEIMAN SOURCES OF INFORMATION -

Western Germany has a highly organized system of Chambers of Industry and Commerce and Trade Associations. Industrie­ und Handelskammern, or Chambers of Industry and Commerce, are established at city level and are associated at Land level in Arbeitagemeinsdaften,such as the Arbeiisgemeinsdzaft der Bay­ erischenlHK.These Chambers of Industry and Commerce are also associated in one central organization, Deutsdzer Industrie- und Handelstag. Industrial associations, concerned with particular industries, are variously located in different cities and are federally asso­ ciated in the Bundesverbandder Deutsdzen Industrie. There are also various other associations, representing wholesalers and for­ eign traders, handicraft industries, trade representatives, and -brokers. For purposes of dealing-with matters relating to foreign trade, the various organizations named above are associated and

* The term Western Germany as used herein means the Federal Republic of Germany and the Western Sectors of .

7 represented in the Arbeitsgemeinsdzaft Auflenhandel der Deut­ sdzen Wirtsdiaft. The address of this organization and the names and addresses of its members are given in Appendix B of this manual. Appendix C gives the addresses according to-city of the Indus&ie- und Handelskammer,and Appendix D gives the names and addresses of Land groupings of these- Chambers. Finally, Appendix E gives the names and addresses of industrial associa­ tions-belonging to the Bundesoerbandder DeutschenIndustrie. American businessmen may find it useful to correspond with any or all of the above named organizations, depending upon the information desired. Questions regarding firms or trade in a particular city or locality may be' addressed'to local Industrie­ und Handelskammern. The Chamber of Commerce for the Western Sector of Berlin is the Gesd'tlfisstelleBerlin, at Berlin-Wilmersdorf;[Fehrbelliner Platz3. There is also an American Chamber of Commerce in Germany, devoted to the promotion of international trade,-whose executive offices are in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Kaiserallee187. Branch offices of this organization are located as follows: Frankfurt Branch, Frahikfurtam Main, Wiesenau 12 Cologne Branch, K6In, Deidzmannhaus Hamburg Branch, Hamburgif, Dovenhof 118-122 Questions -regarding -German governmental regulations and procedures affecting -a particular transaction may be addressed to the appropriate Fadstdellen,which are advisory councils to the Ministry of Economics, as described in the Chapter on Procedures for German Imports Procured with ECA: Names and addresses of the Fachstellenare given in Appendix A of this manual. Correspondence relating to particular transactions under an ECA procurement anthorization may also be addressed directly to the ERP Kontor of the Ministry for the Marshall Plan, whose address is ERP Kontor,Bundesministeriumfir den Marshallplan, Bad Godesberg,Pliftersdorf,Titrmstrale5. The Bundes Anzeiger-und Offenflidier Anzeiger fflr das Ver­ einigie Wirisdzaftsgebiet is the official gazette of the German Federal Government. Official announcements regarding availabi­ lity of foreign exchange for imports, including ECA procurement authorizations, as authorized from time to time by the Einfuhr­

8. ausscup? (German Import Committee), ar6 published in this gazette, which is issued five times weekly. The Bundes Anzeiger is published by the Ministry of Justic at Bonn. It is distributed through offices at the following addressesi Bonn, Rosenburg, Venusberg; or Kd1n, Pressehaus,Breite Strafe 70; or Frankfurt am Main, Gutleutstrafle5.

UNITED STATES CONSULATES GENERAL IN WESTERN GERMANY

There are six United States Consulates General in Western Germany, situated in the principal cities, including a Supervisory Consulate General in Frankfurt. Most of these Consulates main­ tain commercial sections and arein a position to supply commer­ cial and economic information toAmerican businessmen regarding the area in whid -they are located. These Consulates regularly send trade information to the Department of Commerce for dis­ semination in the United States. American businessmen may communicate directly with the Supervisory Consulate General in Frankfurt or with the Consulates General in other cities to obtain the particular information desired. In order to facilitate hanidling of inquiries, communications may be addressed initially to the Supervisory Consulate General in Frankfurt. The following are the addresses of the United States Consulate offices in Western Germany: U.S. Consulate General, Frankfurt am Main, Bockenheimer Anlage 11 U.S. Consulate General, Bremen, Meinkenstrale 1 U.S. Consulate General, Hamburg, Neuer Jungfernstieg 21 U.S. Consulate General, Miinchen, Ludwigstrafle 28 U.S. ConsulateGeneral, Stuttgart,VillaIauff, Gerokstrafle.

UNITED STATES SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Services for supplying information concerning all aspects of foreign trade and methods of conducting trade are provided in the United States by the Department of Commerce. Such infor­ mation can be obtained by communicating with the Office of International Trade, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.,

9 and with field offices of the Department, which are situated in the principle of the United States, as listed below. . There are many publications of the Department of Commerce which should be consulted by American businessmen who desire information regarding foreign.trade with Western Germany. The Foreign Commerce Weekly, published by the Office of Inter­ national Trade, contains current information and news regarding economic and commercial matters in foreign countries and de­ velopments in the field of international trade, arranged according to countries and commodities involved. Bulletins on specialized subjects are published in the Inter­ national Reference Service series, issued by the Office of Inter­ national Trade. Two such bulletins relating to Western Germany axe the following: Preparing Shipments to Germany '(Docu­ mentation,Consularand Customs Requirements), Vol. VII-, No. 8, 1950, of the International Reference Service; and Germany- Summary of Basic Economic Information, Vol. VI, No. i32, De­ cember,1949, of the International Reference Service. DoingBusiness with Germany (Revision of April 1950), issued by the Office of International Trade, contains a comprehensive summary of information, procedures, and regulations relating to foreign trade with Western Germany. It can be obtained'through Field Offices of the Department of.Conmerce. Field Offices of the Department of Commerce are located in the following cities: Albuquerque, N. Mex., 203 W. Gold Ave. Atlanta, 1, Ga., 5o Whitehall St. SW. Baltimore 2, Md., 103 S. Gay St. Boston 9, Mass.,.2 India St. Buffalo 3, N.- Y., 117 Ellicott St. Butte, Mont., 14 W. Granite St. Charleston 3, S. C., 18 Broad St. Cheyenne, Wyo., 304 Federal Office Bldg. Chicago 4, Ill., 332 S. Michigan Ave. Cincinnati 2, Ohio, 105 W.Fourth St. Cleveland 14; Ohio, 925 Euclid Ave. Dallas 2, Tex., 1114 Commerce St. Denver'2, Colo., 828 Seventeenth St. Detroit 26, Mich., 230 W. Fort St.

10 El Paso 7, Tex., 310 San Francisco St. Hartford 1, Conn., 135 High St. Houston 14, Tex., 602 Federal Office Bldg. Jacksonville 1, Fla., 311 W. Monroe St. Kansas City 6, Mo., 911 Walnut St. Los Angeles 12,- Calif., 312 North Spring St. Louisville 2, Ky., 631 Federal Bldg. Memphis 5, Tenn., 229 Federal Bldg. Miami 32, Fla., 36 NE. First St. Milwaukee 1, Wis., 517 E. Wisconsin Ave. Minneapolis 1, Minn., 401 Second Ave. S. Mobile 10, Ala., 109 13 St. Joseph St. New Orleans 12, La., 333 St. Charles Ave. New York 4, N.Y., 42 Broadway Oklahoma City 2, Okla., 102 NW. Third St. Omaha 2, Nebr., 1319 Farnam St. Philadelphia 2, Pa., 42 S. Fifteenth St. Phoenix .8, Ariz., 234 N. Central Ave. Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 700 Grant St. Portland 4, Oreg., 520 SW. Morrison St. Providence 3, R. I., 24 Weybosseft St. Reno, Nev., 118 W. Second St. Richmond 19, Va., 801 E. Broad St. St. Louis 1,Mo., 1114 Market St. Salt Lake City 1, Utah, 350 S. Main St. San Francisco if, Calif., 555 Battery St. Savannah, Ga., 125-29 Bull St. Seattle 4, Wash., 909 First Ave.

The Office of Small Business of the Economic Cooperation Administration, Washington, D.C., has inaugurated a program to assist small businessmen in the United States to participate equitably in (ECA programs. The objectives of this program are to make available to suppliers in the United States, in particular to small independent enterprises, informationregarding purchases proposed to be financed with ECA funds, to make available to prospective purchasers overseas information regarding products and services produced by small U.S. independent enterprises, and to otherwise help small business to participate in ECA programs.

ItI 6

The Office of Small Business, ECA, publishes regularly Small Business Circulars containing current information regarding procurement authorizations. These Circulars list procurement authorizations issued to Western Germany for procurement in the United States, as announced periodically by the German Im­ port Committee and published in the Bundes Anzeiger according to the procedure described in this manual in the Chapter on Pro­ cedures for- German Imports Procured with ECA Funds. U.S. small businessmen may be put on the mailing list to receive these Circulars as they are issued, by writing to the Office of Small Business, ECA, Washington, 25, D.C. The Office of S'nall Business, ECA, also publishes and spons­ ors the publication of various bulletins and manuals- intended to aid American small business. The following may be of interest to businessmen interested in trading with Western Germany: ECA Aids for Small Business, published March 10, 1950; Guide for the Prospective Exporter,published December 1949; and Informat­ ion for American Businessmen on the MarshallPlan, published by the Office of Information, ECA, July 1, 1949. The ECA Special Mission to Germany in Frankfurt has pub­ lished a list entitled Western German Importeurs of I. S. Com­ modities for IndustrialUses, which gives the names and addresses of some 1,200 German importers who have imported commodities from the U. S. under ECA funds during.the-period from July 1, 1949 to May.15, 1950, arranged according to commodities. Copies of this publication may be obtained from the Office of Small Business, ECA, Washington, 25, D.C.

12 PROCEDURES FOR GERMAN IMPORTS PROCURED WITH EjCA FUNDS

Nearly all commodities imported by Western Germany from the United States are bought with dollar aid made available through the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA). Com­ modities and services imported by Western Germany with ECA funds are intended to assist the economic recovery of the country. Luxury and non-essential imports are'therefore not eligible for such procurement. In general,commodities which can be imported from European countries or from other sources without expend­ iture of dollars are not approved -for ECA financing. Most of Western Germany's essential imports are food and agricultural products and- industrial raw materials. There is, however, need and growing demand in Western Germany for modern industrial equipment and machinery produced in the United States, which is usually eligible for ECA financing. While there are thus limi­ tations upon the types of commodities 'which Western Germany can now import from the United States, there are nevertheless many opportunities for doing business with Western Germany in the field of approved ECA imports. The amount of 'dollar aid allotted to Western Germany in a given year has heretofore-been based upon an annual import plan prepared by the German Federal Government, as ultimately ap­ proved -byECA. Allotments of ECA funds are made periodically by ECA, usually about once every three months. A program of imports to be procured with such funds is then prepared by the German Federal Government -and submitted to ECA. Sudi pro­ .grams are based-on the annual plan, but may reflect adjustments justified by current economic conditions. Procurement authorizations- are then issued by ECA for the commodities requested, if approved. Regulations- governing the use of ECA procurement authorizations are contained in ECA Regulation No. 1. A procurement authorization is a document issued by ECA whid authorizes procurement of a given corm­

13 modify., in quantities not to exceed a specified dollar value, by the country to which it is issued. Authority to Import under a procurement authorization may be sub-authorized 'by the rec­ ipient country to individual importers. Commodities are indicated according to the ECA Commodity Code, in three or four digit numbers, and are sometimes specified in further detail. Each procurement authorization shows the country (or countries) -from which the commodity must be procured, the period during which contracts must be made, and the period during which the imports must be delivered, as well as any other conditions deemed appro­ priate by ECA. Government agencies in the Federal Republic of Germany concerned with the-programming and use of procurement author­ izations are the Federal Ministry of Economics (Bundesmini­ sterium fir Wirisdafi) and its foreign trade agencies (Fadstel­ len), the 'Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (Bundesministeriumfir Ernahrung,-Landwirtesdaftund Forsten) and its, foreign tirade agency (AufTenhandelssielle), and the Federal Ministry for the Marshall Plan (Bundesminisiteriumfilr den Marshallplan). The foreign trade, agencies of the' two ministries first named have advisory councils composed of businessmen from trade, in­ dustry and handicrafts. Upon the advice of these councils, and after taking into account available sources of. supply and other appropriate considerations, these two ministries determine which commodities are to be purchased with ECA funds. Requests for procurement authorizations for these commodi­ ties are then submitted to ECA, Washington, through the Ministry for the Marshall Plan. The ERP Kontor, an agency of this minis­ try, at BadGodesberg,PlittersdorfTurmstrafle5,isresponsible for all administrative details concerning procurement authorizations. The Ministry for the Marshall Plan also has a mission in Washington, the Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Germany to ECA, located at 1716 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W., Washington 9, D.C. Requests for procurement authorizations are sent by the ERP Kontor to the German Mission in Washington, which'in turn submits them to ECA. After a procurement authorization is issued by ECA and re­ ceived by the Federal Govprnment, the competent Ministry de termines, when necessary, specifications for commodities to be

14 procured thereunder. Details of the procurement- authorization and relevant specificatibns are then submitted to the German Import Committee (Einfuhraussdu?)'of the Ministry of Econo­ mics for final approval and publication. The German Import Comittee (Einfuhraussauf)supervises all imports into Western Germany. It regularly authorizes and publishes lists of commodities approved for import, showing the country (or countries) of origin and the amount of foreign ex­ change available for each commodity. This procedure applies also to ECA procurement authorizations.. Publication is made in the Bundes Anzeiger (Federal Gazette). Lists of approved imports published by the German Import Committee indicate the office to which interested prospective importers must apply for allocation of foreign exchange. This office is usually the competent foreign trade agency of the appropriate Ministry, namely the competent Fackstelle for commodities for industrial uses or the Auflenhan­ delsstelle for food commodities. German importers who wish. to import commodities undei an ECA procurement authorization published in the Bundes An­ zeiger must apply to the appropriate Faalstelle(orAufenhandels­ stelle) for a fund allocation certificate (Devisenzuteilungsbestliti­ guang). The application must be accompanied by a firm bid of the prospective seller containing at least the following information:

Name and address of,the buyer Source of the commodity to be imported Name and address of the seller Exadt description of the commodity Quantity of the commodity to be procured Unit price of the commodity Delivery teims (f.o.b., c. &f., etc.) Date of delivery Total price in US dollars

The appropriate Fadstelle (or Auflenhandelssielle) considers all bids submitted by German importers for a given procurement authorization and then issues fund allocation certificates to those importers whose bids are found acceptable. The fund, allocation certificate assures the importer that dollar exchange will be avail­ able to conclude a purchase contract in accordance-with the bid.

:15 The German importer may then conclude a purchase contract with the seller. The contract must conform to the terms of the bid andiaclude applicable conditions prescribed by ECA Regulation No. I and special conditions, if any, of the procurement authoriza­ tion. Any other conditions of sale'which are normal trade practice and are permitted by ECA regulations and applicable German re­ gulations mnay be included. In order to insure -thatthe requirements of ECA Regulation No. I and of the German agencies concerned are covered by the contract, a standard form has been developed by the German government which allows for any necessary additions and should pieferably be used for all contracts. This form may be obtained from the German importer. , The German importer must submit 9 signed copies of the contract together with the fund allocations certificate and an application for an import license to a German foreign trade bank (Auflenhandelsbank).Upon verication that the contract conforms to the fund allocation certificate the bank thereupon issues an import license. I The 8 copies of the contract are distributed as foll6ws by the importer:

3 copies to the ERP Kontor 1 copy to the Ministry of Economics (or the Ministry of Food, Agriculture-and Forestry, whichever is appropriate) 2 copies to, the seller (one of which is intended for the US bank holding the letter of credit established by ECA for the procurement authorization), I copy to the German foreign trade bank I copy is retained by the importer.

Contracts and applications for import license must be sub­ mitted before the credit can be established and, in any case, not later than the lfinal contracting date prescribed in the procure­ ment authorization. In urgent cases. contracts signed only by the importer' may be submitted to the German for.eign trade bank. No payments on the basis-of the credit established will be made to the seller; however, unless the-copy of the contract presented by him to the U. S. bank is fully executed. The credit in

16. favor of the seller can be established only at the bank to which the letter of commitment has been issued by ECA for the procure­ ment authorization involved. Ocean transportation for ECA -financed imports may be paid for in three different ways: a) If permitted in the fund allocation certificate, the com­ modity may be bought c.i.f. or. c. &f. In such cases payment of transportation is made under the same procurement-authorization as the one under which the commodity is procured. I b) If the commodity is bought f.o.b. or f.a.s. and is to be shipped in U.S. flag vessels, or in vessels (other than German vessels) requiring dollar payment for transportation services in accordance with the custom of the trade, the German impprter may apply for credit for payment of transportation with ECA funds at the time when application is made for an import license for the commodity. In such cases payment is made under a separate

procurement authorization for ocean transportation. - c) If the commodity is bought f.o.b. or f.a.s. and is to be shipped'in vessels not requiring dollar payment for transportation services, the German, importer May apply for credit in the ap­ propriate currency according to German regulations governing invisible imports. Regulations governing the use of procurement authorizations for payment of ocean transportatid .and prescribing the do­ cumentation required for reimbursement of such transportation are contained in ECA Regulation No. 1. Ocean marine insurance on ECA-financed commodities pro­ cured in the U.S. may be paid with ECA funds only if c.i.f. purchase is permitted by the fund allocation certificate and the provisions of ECA Regulation i regarding insurance are adhered

- to. Commissions to sales agencies may be paid for in accordance with ECA Regulation No. 1,.paragraph 20L6 (f) '(2). If it is found that the time limit for delivery under a contract cannot be adhered to and that delivery cannot, take place on or before the terminal delivery date prescribed in the relevant pro­ * curement, authorization, the German importer*must apply for extension of such delivery date to the Fachstelle (or Aufpenhan­ delsatelle) which issued the fund allocation certificate. Request for such extension is then made to ECA by the ERP Ministry, through the ERP Kontor. Unless approval for such extension is

17 granted by ECA and the applicable letter of commitment from ECA to the U.S. bank is amended accordingly, it cannot be as­ sumed thatECAwillfinance the procurementinvolved. It is impor­ tant therefore that the supplier notify the importer immediately if any delay. is forseen in fulfillment of the contract, since re­ quests for extension of the terminal delivery date must be made to ECA by the German government and not by the supplier. Documents required by ECA for reimbursement of commo­ dities and ocean transportation procured with ECA funds are prescribed in ECA Regulation 1, paragraph 201.19. In addition, the Federal Republic requires the importer to advise the supplier to airmail one non-negotiable copy, or photbstat of each ocean or charter party bill of lading, or airway bill, at the time of lading to each of the -following offic6s: Office of the Controller ECA Special Mission to Western Germany APO 757, clo Postmaster, New York, N.Y.. Warenrevisionsstelle beim Bundesministerium fUr den Marshallplan Eschersheiner Landstrafle i Frankfurt am Main, Germany Shipping Section Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Germany 1773 MassachusettsAvenue, N. W. Washington 6, D. C. The procedures -outlined above do not apply to centralized imports of food commodities, such as grain and edible fats and oils, which are procured for the Federal Republic of Germany by the Commodity Credit Corporation; under authorization of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Programs for such imports are prepared, by the German Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry and submitted to ECA, which issues appropriate procu­ rement authdrizations to the Department of Agriculture. Ship­ ments of such imports are consigned to the Federal' Republic and are disdiarged under instructions of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry, which idetermines if a shipment is to be stored or distributed for consumption.

18 FOREIGN TRADE

Commodity' imports into Western Germany in 1949 totaled $ 2,237 million and exports were 8 1,123 million. A deficit of 8 1,114 million was largely financed with foreign aid, including dollar aid furnished by the United States in the form of GARIOA* and ECA funds, sterling aid furnished by the United Kingdom, and drawing rights made available under the Intra-European Payments Plan. The 1949 level of foreign trade represents an increase by about one half of the level of 1948. In both years exports paid for about 500/%of imports, according to value. In the first quarter of 1950, this ratio increased to about 600/o. The distribution of Western German foreign trade in 1949, according to commodity groups, is as follows:

Imports Exports 0 0 Food and Agriculture 49 /o 2 o - Industry 51 98 Raw Material (26) (21) Semi-finished goods (14) (29) Finished goods (11) (48) 100 0/o 10lo

In 1949 imports from the U.S.A. amounted to approximately 8 825million, consisting mainly of wheat, maize, raw cotton, edible fats and oils, tobacco, non-ferrous metals, and a wide range of miscellaneous essential products. More than 900/%of these imports were paid for with ECA and GARTOA funds. Commodity exports to the U.S.A. in 1949 amounted to $ 47.4 million, including $ 1l.1 million of "non-recurring" exports of steel scrap. In addition there were considerable receipts arising from invisible exports, such as charges for port services, expenditures by businessmen

* Assistance provided under appropriation acts for Government and Relief in Occupied Areas. *

19 and tourists, remittances from the U.S.A., and services for occu­ pation personnel and other activities. Tables showing the principal commodities imported and ex­ ported by Western Germany during the last quarter of 1949 and the first quarter of 1950 are given in Appendices F and G of this manual. The types of commodities which the Federal Republic imports from the United States are reflected in detail in a listing of ECA procurement authorizations issued to the Federal Repub­ lic for procurement in the United States during the period April 3, 1948, to Marci 31, 1950, which is given in Appendix H of this manual.

20 FOREIGN TRADE PROCEDURES '

The following outline of foreign trade procedures applicable to Western Germany is reprinted from Doing Business Mith Ger­ many (Revision of April 1950), a bulletin issued by the Depart­ ment of Commerce, Office of International Trade Division, Western European Branch, Washington 25, D.C.

L GENERAL

There are no special U.S. restrictions or licensing requirements on importsfrom Germany into the United States; the general U.S. import regulations applicable to other countries of origin apply. U.S. import licenses are required only for a few items such as arms and ammunition, alcoholic beverages; narcotics, fats" and oils, and rice. Information regarding U.S. export licensing requirements for shipments to Germany may be obtained from the Exporters.Serv­ ice Section, Special Services Branch, OIT, Washington 25, D. C., or from field and regional offices of the Department of Commerce. - The C6mmercial Intelligence Branch, OIT, is able to furnish postwar lists of West German manufacturers and foreign traders. These lists, which are classified according to the commodity handled, may be obtained either directly from that Branch or through field offices of the Department of Commerce at a cost of $4.00 per commodity list. World Trade Directory reports on firms in Western Germany and Western Berlin can also be purchased for 'S1OO per report. Information regarding U.S. customs duties applicable to im­ ports from Germany may be obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Customs or any customhoixse.

21 II. WESTERN ZONES* OF GERMANY AND WESTERN SECTORS OF BERLIN Administration of foreign trade controls is now the responsi­ bility of the Federal Republic of Germany. This responsiblity is exercised principally by the Ministry of Economics (Bundes­ ministerium fiir Wirtschaft) through administrative agencies in Frankfurt am Main, Hoechst. The Joint Export-Import Agency, which formerly performed this function, was put into liquidation as of December 19,-949. Foreign exchange controls are administered by the Bank deutscher Laender. A. German ExportProceduresandRegulations.Persons desir­ ing to buy German goods should negotiate and contract directly with German manufacturers or exporters. Export licenses, known as Export Control Documents, are required for all commercial shipments. These are obtained by the exporters from authorized German foreign trade banks (Aullenhandelsbanken). As a general rule such licenses are readily granted for the types of goods normally exported to the ,U.S. Payment for exports to the United States must be made in dollars'to specially authorized German foreign trade banks. The German seller should specify the account to which payment should be made. The normal method of payment is by instruments (checks, money orders, etc.) sent directly to German foreign trade banks. The German seller will receive the Deutsche mark equi­ valent of the payment from his bank. Paymentjmay not be made directly to the seller. The following payment terms may .be extended by the Ger­ man exporter: Letter of credit, sight draftD/P (documents against payment) or time draft not exceeding 90 days with option to the exporter to specify either D/P or D/A (documents against accept­ ance). All other payment terms, including sales on consignment, must be specially' approved by the German authorities. Sales contract which contain provisions restricting the resale or distribution of German goods abroad must be submitted to the German authorities for approval. Conditions under which such contracts may be approved are described under the heading "Special Contract Provisions" below. * exclusive of the Saar territory which is treated as a part of the French franc area.

22 German firms are able to supply a wide variety of manu­ factured goods, as well as certain industrial rawmaterials.During 1949, Western German firms sold over S47,000,000 worth of goods to the U.S., including 'scrap iron, photographic equipment and other fine mechanical goods, hops, chinaware, non-ferrous metals, steel pipes, cutlery, tools, chemicals, machinery, toys, Christmas tree ornaments, and various metal articles. A more detailed list of commodities available for export from Germany will be found on page 5 of the International Reference Service Series, Vol. VI, No. 132,December 1949, "Germany-Summary of Basic Economic Information", which may be purchased from Commerce field offices for 5 cents. B. German Import Proceduresand Regulations. Imports into the three Western Zones of Germany are supervised by the Im­ port Advisory Committee in Frankfurt am Main. This Commit­ tee regularly issues lists of commodities approved for importa­ tion, countries of origin for each commodity and funds available. Commodities announced for importation from the United States are reported in ECA Small Business Circulars, and in Foreign Commerce Weekly, both of which are available in field and re­ gional offices ofthe Department of Commerce. German importers negotiate directly with their foreign sup­ pliers and, after receiving offers, apply to German foreign,trade banks (Aufienhandelsbanken) for import licenses. In some cases, banks are authorized to issue licenses for commodities appearing on the lists without any special formalities, other than clearance from the Central Commodity Budget Office, which coordinates the applications and insures that approvals do not exceed the approved quotas..In most cases, however, importers must obtain Fund Allocation Certificates from special commodity offices established by the German Government. A list of these offices will be furnished by the Western European Branch, OIT, upon request. Where the lists specify purchases of a commodity -from one country of origin, but importers believe they can obtain the item from another country on more favorable terms, the importers may request the Import Advisory Committee to reconsider the matter. If the applications are approved, the German bank will make arrangements for payment of the agreed amounts in dollars. Pay­ ment terms may be arranged in accordance -with normal trade

23 customs, but payment may not be made before presentation of shipping documents without the special approval of the Import Advisory Committee. No letter of credit or other foreign exchange financing may be established more than 60 days before the date of shipment without special approval of that Committee. Import licenses covering purchases against dollars may be issued for items not on the published lists only after special approval of the German aithorities. Approval is also required for imports not involving payment. As a general rule, imports from the United States are limited to essential raw materials, staple foodstuffs, special machinery, etc. Possibilities for importing consumer goods similar to goods which are or can be produced in Germany, or items of a luxury nature which do not directly contribute to export production, are not favorable. Customs duties are currently being assessed on the basis of the German tariff law of 1939, as amended. Rates for individual commodities will be supplied by the Western European Branch, PIT, upon request. A new tariff schedule is now being prepared by the German Government. This will be based on ad valorem rates, replacing the specific rates now in force. However, the new rates will probably not be put into effect for several months. C. Other Business Transactions.Limited amounts of foreign exchange have been allocated to cover payments by German nationals for various types of business transactions, including payments for advertising costs, commercial information, com­ missions on export sales, claims arising out of trade transactions, costs of lawsuits, membership fees in foreign economic organ­ izations, royalties on patents, etc. Such payment are arranged by the through German foreign trade banks. For details, see Foreign Commerce Weekly of August 22, 1949, p. 15; September 19, p. 16; September 26, p. 20; December i2, p. 13. D. Pricingand Exdange Rate. The official conversion factor for the Deutsche mark (west) is 25.8095 cents U.S. per mark. With regard to export prices, existing regulations require that German exporters obtain the most advantageous prices possible, in line with world market values. The term "world market price" is interpreted as being the best price obtainable in a given country for a given commodity. Such price may be higher than the domestic price, but may not be maintained by restrictive business

24 practices. It may also be lower, provided the seller is prepared to absorb the price differential without recourse to ekeport subsidies. German importers must be prepared to justify their prices as the most favorable whidi can be obtained under the circum­ stances. Purchases on normal credit terms are authorized, pro­ videdsuch purchases can be made without prejudice to price. E. -Samples.Import licenses are not required for bona fide trade samples entering Germany in reasonable quantities, unless payment is required, iMi which case import licenses must be obtained regardless of the value. Samples valued over 50'Deutsche marks (about $ 12.00) may not be exported from Western Ger­ many Rithout the approval of the appropriate German Land economics ministry, and suchsamples ordinarily must be paid for or returned. F. German Representatioi of U.S. Firms. Firms desiring to sell.goods to Germany in any volume will often find it advan­ tageous to engage aGerman agent. It is possible to engage German commercial agents, lawyers, patent agents, engineers, architects, clergymen, authors, and experts of all kinds. All agreements for the performance of services by Germans for foreigners must be in writing. They may consist of an exchange of letters, cables, or telephone conversations later confirmed in writing. Payment may be made on either a commission or fixdd fee lbasis. No approval by any Government agency is required.The agent will merely request his foreign principal to designate -a bank through which payment is to be collected. When the services are completed, or whenever commissions fall due, the agent prepares. a detailed invoice, submits one copy to a German foreign trade bank for transmittal to the bank designated by the foreignprinci­ pal, notifying him that collection is to be-made through his bank. Payment must be made within 15 days after the invoice is presented. - 'G. U.S. Representationof GermanFirms.Procedures at present in effect provide only for engaging sales agents for German firms on a commission basis. Use of an agent must be normal business practice for the commodity involved, and the commission rate must also accord with regular trade practice. All agency agreements must be licensed. The license applic­ ation and agreement are submitted by the German-principal to the

25 Economics Ministry for his Land (State) which transmits them with its recommendations to the German Federal authorities. Li­ censes are limited to a term of 1 year, and are subject to with­ drawal and cancellation at any time with or without cause. Exclusive agency agreements are licensed only under the circumstances outlined under.the heading "Special Contract Prov­ isions" below. Payment of commissions will be handled by the same German bank which handles the export sale. No commission may be paid before the German bank receives notification that foreign exchange payment has been made for the sales. from which the commission arises. H. Special Contract Provisions. German firms may now es­ tablish security, guaranty or tender bonds to cover exports orders, subject to the approval of the Bank deutscher Laender. Agency agreements and export contracts which provide for restrictive business practices are licensed only when it is clearly demonstrated-that the practice serves a legitimate normal business need and does not interfere with the free and normal expansion of German export trade. Restrictive business practices include those which fix prices, terms, or conditions to be observed in dealings with third parties; allocate markets, customers, or field of business activities; fix sales, purchase, or production quotas; prevent the exploitation of inventions; etc. Exclusive sales or agency agreeients may be licensed only if they serve to create an outlet where none would otherwise exist, for example, in con­ nection with specialized products whose maintenance and repair require the agent to incur substantial expenditures, or products whose introduction into a competitive market requires substantial advertising or other development expenses. Arbitration clauses may be included in contracts with German firms, and it is often advisable to recognize the competence of the American Arbitration Association for this purpose. Claims arising in connection with trade contracts may be settled by the German party without special government approval provided the amount involved does not' exceed $ 500; for larger amounts approval of the Federal authorities is required. In either case the claim must be based on a legal liability or be consonant with normal business principles. Wherever possible claims must be settled byreplacement inkind or supplementary delivery of goods.

26 I. BusinessVisits to Germany.Businessmen are no longer given special facilities in Germany, but are required to live within the German economy in the same manner as tourists and other visitors. Further information on this. silbject iky be obtained from field and regional offices of the Department of Commerce, or from the German Tourist Office, i West 42nd Street, New York City. J. Visits of GermanBusinessmen to.the U.S. German business­ men sponsored by their Land (State) EconomicsMinistries may be permitted to visit the U.S. Information regarding the procedure to be followed by the German traveler in securing clearance and foreign. ex&ange covering travel expenses may be obtained from the European Branch, OIT.

27 GOVERNMENT IN WESTERN GERMANY

Supreme allied authority in Western Germany is exercised during the period'of occupation by the Governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. This authority is exer­ cised by the Allied High Commission, headed by three High Com­ missioners, one designated by each of the three Governmets named. The powers exeteised by the High Commission are defined in the Occupation Statute and in the Charter of the Allied High Commissibn for Germany, both of which came into effect on September 21, 1949, the date of the establishment of the govern­ ment of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federal Government of Germany was organized finder a Basic Law, which ibecame effective May-23, 1949, and is, in effect a transitional constitution. The Basic Law provides for a parliamentary form. of government with a cabinet system. Legislative powers are divided between the Federal and the State Governments, certain powers being reserved exclusively to the Federal Government, others being exercised by 'the States (Laender). The Federal legislature is bicameral, consisting of a (House of Representatives) and a Bundesrat (Senate), consisting of members of the State Governments. The Bundesrat has concurrent power with respect to certain types of legislation and may veto laws passed by the Bundestag, but the Bundestag may override such vetos. The present Bundesrat consists of 43 representatives of the State Governnents. The present Bundes­ tagconsists of 402 Deputies who were elected for a four-year term, in accordance with the Basic Law, in universal secret elections held on August 14, 1949, in which ballots were cast by some 24,500,000 voters, representing 78.5/o of the total electorate. The Basic Law provides for a Federal President, whois elected for a five-year term, and whose functions are mainly of a repre­ sentative character. Government policy is determiihed by the Federal Chancellor, elected by the Bundestag, who selects the Federal Ministersand in effect exercises executive powers. The

28 present Government is headed by President Dr. (Free Democratic Party) and by Chancellor Dr. (Christian Democratic. Union), who was voted into office by a majority of one vote by the Bundestag on September 15, 1949, This government includes 13 ministers who are members of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Free Democratic Party (FDP), and the German Party (DP), as follows: Vice Chancellor and ERP Minister Franz Bluecher (FDP) Minister of Inteior Dr. (CDU) Minister of JusticeDr. (FDP) Minister of Finance Dr. Fritz Schaeffer (CDU) Minister of Economics Professor (CDU) Minister of Agriculture Dr. (CDU) Minister of Labor (CDU) Minister of Tiansportation Christoph Seebohim (DP) Minister for Postal Communications Dr. Minister of Housing Eberhard Wildermuth (FDP) [(CDU) Minister for Refugee Affairs Dr. (CDU) Minister for All-German Affairs (CDU) Minister for Bundesrat Affairs (DP). Judicial authority is exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court whoseimembers are elected half by the Bundestag and half "by the Bundesrat. The Court interprets the Basic Law and adjudicates-disagreements between the Federal Government-and the States, and between the States. Any amendment .f the Basic Law requires the express approval of the High Commission before becoming effective. All other legislation becomes effective 21 days after official receipt by the High Commission unless disapproved. Although the three Western occupation powers intend that the German -people shall enjoy self government to the maximum degree consistent with the occupation, and although the Federal Government and the participating States have full legislative, executive, and judicial powers in accordance with the Basic Law and the respective State constitutions, the German governmental authorities are subject to the limitations contained in the Occu­ pation Statute. In this Statute powers in certain fields are specifi­ cally reserted to the occupation authorities. These fields include disarmament, demilitarization, controls -in regard to the Ruhr,

29 restitution, reparations, decartelization, displaced persons and admission of refugees, foreign affairs, including international agreements made by or on behalf of Germany, respect for the Basic Law and Land Constitutions, and control over foreign trade. The Federal Republic comprises the States-of Baden, , Bremen, Hamburg, , , NorthRhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Schleswig-Holstein, Wuertemberg-Baden, and Wuerttemberg-Hohenzollern. For occupation purposes the area is divided into three zones: The British Zone, comprising the States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-West­ phalia, and Hamburg; the United States Zone, comprising Bremen, Hesse, Bavaria, and Wueritemberg-Baden; and the French Zone, which includes Baden, Wuerttemberg-llohenzollern, and Rhine­ land-Palatinate. The Federal Republic does not include Berlin or the Saar, which has been economically integrated with France. The city of Berlin, which is located entirely in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, is occupied by forces of four powers, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the U.S.S.R., each of which has its ,own sector of occupation. In the three Western sectors of Berlin, allied control is exercised by the Allied Kom­ mandatura headed by the Commandants of the U.S., French, and British Sectors. Powers reserved to the occupation authorities are defined in the Berlin Charter. Other powers of government are exercised by the Berlin city government consisting of a -city assembly elected by popular vote, which is the legislative organ, and a Magistrat (city council), chosen by the city assembly, which exercises executive powers. The Magistratconsists of the chief burgomaster, 3 burgomasters, and a maximum of 16 other officials. Legislation passed by the city assembly becomes effective 21 days after official receipt by the Allied Kommandatura unless specifically disapproved. Other allied control agencies in Western Germany are the tripartite Military Security Board, established December 16, 1948, and the International Authority for the Ruhr, established April 28, 1949.

50 GENERAL ECONOMIC INFORMATION ABOUT WESTERN GERMANY.

AREA, POPULATION, AND PRINCIPAL CITIES

The Federal Republid of Germany comprises eleven Laender, or states, covering -an'area of about 94,748 square miles.' This area, called Western Germany, represents the British, United States, and French zones of occupation. Closely related econo­ mically and politically to Western Germany are the western sectors of the city of Berlin, situated in the Russian zone of occupation. The population of Western Germany on December 31, 1949, was estimated to comprise about 47,693,800 inhabitants, with an additional 250,000 displaced persons in camps, or a total of 47,945,800. This represents an average density of about 505,per­ sons .per square mile. The population pf -the western sectors of Berlin on that date was estimated at2,098,600. The following are the Laender of Western Germany, according to zones of occupation: British Zone Land Schleswig-Holstein Hansestadt Hamburg Land Niedersadhsen Land Nordrhein-Westfalen U.S. Zone LandBremen Land Hessen Land Wuerttemberg-Baden Land Bayern French Zone S * Land Rheinland-Pfalz Land Baden - ' Land-Wnerttemberg-Hohenzollern

51 The capital of the Federal Republic of Germany is Bonn. The fdllowing-are the populations of the principal cities in the Federal Republic with 300,000 or more inhabitants, acording to the census of October 29, 1946: Hamburg 1,403,300 751,967 Essen 524,728 Cologne - 491,380 436;491 Frankfurt, 424,065 Duesseldorf 420,909 Stuttgart 414,072 Bremen 385,266, Duisburg 356,408 Hannover 354,955 Wuppertal 325,846 Nuernberg 312,338

AGRICULTURE Although Western Germany is primarily an industrial area. dependent upon large agricultural imports, it has a very impor­ tant agricultural economy. Of the total agricultural area, esti­ mated at 34,982,097 acres, about 56.60/o is arable land, 39.40/ois per-. manent meadow and pastures, and 4.00/ is gardens, vineyards, orchards, etc. The most important crops produced in Western Germany are wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, fodder roots, rape seed, alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, and vegetables. Over half of all arable land is devoted to the raising of bread and coarse grains. The incre ase in fodder crops and feed imports during the past few years has resulted in increased livestock and poultry production. In 1949 it was estimated that Western Germany has a livestock population of 10.9 million cattle, 9.7 millionpigs, 2.02 million sheep, 1.44 million goats, 40.0 million chickens, 2.8 million geese, LO million ducks, and 0.5 million turkeys, efc. Annual production is about 1-A million tons of meat, 12 million tons of milk, 160,000 tons of cheese, 250,000 tons of butter, and 183,000 tons of eggs. Nevertheless, Western Germany must import large quantities of basic foods to meet minimum requirements, The most important

52 imports are wheat, .corn, oats, sugar, fats, oils, oilseeds, meat, fruits, vegetables, and fish. Imports of bread grains, coarse grains, sugar, and fats and oils are financed in large part with dollar aid. Through existing liberalized trade agreements and increasing new trade agreements, imports of these foodstuffs are being financed more and-morewith proceeds from Gernianexports. Western Germany is now reviviug pre-war exports of food, fertilizers, spirits, and other agricultural commodities. Hops, malt, potash, beer, wine and such speciality items as fancy meat prod­ ucts are the most important of such commodities sold abroad. It is .expected that agricultural products with a value of $ 40,000,000 will be exported yearly.

INDUSTRY

Prewar Germany was the most'important industrial country in Europe. It ranked first in the world in the production of brown coal,-second in the production of steel and electric power, and third in.the output of hard coal. The reconstruction and recovery of Western German industry, which was brought to a standstill in 1945, is necessary to render Western Germany self-sustaining and to contribute to the economic recovery of Europe. Under the occupation, however, certain industries are prohibited and others are limited, inorder to prevent German rearmament. German heavy industry is centered in the Ruhr, which is situated in the British Zone. In the interests of international security and general economic recovery there was established on April 28, 1949, an International Authority for the Ruhr. Authority exercised by this body includes controls intended to insure that the resources of the Ruhr shall be used in the interests of peace, and that access to the coal, coke,-and steel of the Ruhr shall be assured on an equitable basis to countries cooperating in the common economic good, Under the occupation, annual production of ingot steel in Western Germany is limited to i1.1 million metric tons. Pro­ duction ofingot steel in 1949 was slightly over 9 million tons, but by the end of March 1950 production rate had reached the target limit. Provided there is sufficient demand for steel, no difficulty is fore­ seen in maintaining the permitted annual level of production. ­

331 Production of hard coal, which was one of the key bottlenecks impeding Western German industrial recovery in the early post­ war period, has been progressing steadily and is now about -suf­ ficient to -meet the current level of domestic consumption and exports demands. 103,238,000 metric tons of hard coal were mined in Western Germany in 1949. Inthe firstiquarter of 1950 hardcoal was mined .at an average rate of about 360,000 metric tons per working day, which compares with 384,000 tons for the year 1936. In 1949 brown coal production was 72,264,000 metric tons, and total coke production was 25,141,000, metric tons. I Western Germany is served by a system, of electric power generation which combines thermal units principally in the Rulir, and hydro units in the South and in Switzerland. The system are interconnected to provide maximum benefits. War damage has been repaired, and needed added capacity for expanding demand is in the process of construction. Production of petroleum from oil wells in Westerh Germany is being increased significantly through new exploration and development and the use of modernized equipment imported with ECA funds. The principal oil fields are in the vicinity of Hannover and Hamburg and also near the northern Dutch border, ivhere new fields are, being developed. Production of crude oil during the first quarter of 1950 was at the rate of about 1,000,000 metric tons a year. For the year ending June 30, 1950, it is estimated that about 800,000 metric tons of motor gasoline and 900,000 metric tons of diesel oil will be consumed in Western Germany. Other industries are located throughout the Laender, although there are recognized centers for some specialities, such as the following:

Fine leather goods ...... Offenbach, Hesse Cutlery...... Solingen Fine china Selb, Bavaria Electrical equipment . . . . . Berlin Toys ...... Nuernberg Costume jewelry ...... Pforzheim

34 APPENDIX A

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF FACHSTELLEN

Name of Fachstelle Address

Fadistelle Stahl und Eisen Breitestrasse 27 (concerned with steel) Duesseldorf FachstelleNiciteisenundEdelmetalle. (concerned with non-ferrous and McNair Barracks precious metals) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst Fadistelle Eisen- und Metall­ verarbeitung, Schiffbau (concerned with iron and steel McNair Barracks fabrication and processing) FrankfurtamMain-Hoechst Fachstelle Chemie McNair Barracks (concerned with chemicals) Frankfurt am Main-Hoechst Fachstelle Kantschuk McNair Barracks (concerned with rubber) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst Fackstelle Mineraloel (concerned with petroleum and Alsterufer 4-5 petroleum products) Hamburg'36 Fachstelle Textilwirtschaft McNair Barracks (concerned with textile industries) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst FachstelleLeder,Schube,Rauchwaren (concerned with leather, shoes and McNair Barracks furs) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst Fachstelle Holz und Papier McNair Barracks (concerned with wood and paper) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst 35 Fachstelle Steine, Erden, Glas, Keramik und Banwirtschaft (concerned with stones, earths, glass, McNair Barracks ceramics, and building industry) Frankfurt amMain-Hoechst Fachstelle Tabak und Kaffee McNair Barracks (concerned with tobacco and coffee) Frankfurt amMain-Hoecist Note: Fachstellen are advisory councils composed of businessmen from trade, industry, 'and handicrafts concerned with the particular field or fields indicated, and are headed by a chief employed by the German Federal Ministry of Economics. Recommendations are made by these bodies regarding imports to the Ministry of Economics. Ex­ porters in the US will usually have no occasion to correspond with Fachstellen, but,may do so if difficulties arise regarding a particular transaction for which satisfaction cannot be obtained through normal' channels.

36 APPENDIX B

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF MEMBERS OF ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT AUSSENHANDEL DER DEUTSCHEN WIRTSCHAFT Arbeitsgemeinschaft Aussenhandel der deuisdten Wirtsclzaft is the top working organization of main German industrial and trade associations and agencies established to consider and deal with matters concerning foreign trade. Its office is at Bjrse, Frankfurtam Main. The following are the names and addresses of its member agencies, with explanatory franslation of name given in parentheses: Name Address Deutsdier Industrie- und Handelstag (Central Organization of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry in Western Germany) (1) Barse, Frankfurt am Main Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, Aufenhandels-Ausschufl (2) (Federal Association of German Kaiser Wilhelm Ring 2-4 Industries) Xln Gesamtverband des Deutschen Gross- und Aufienhandels (United Association of Wholesalers Bugenhagenstrasse 4 and Foreign Traders) Hamburg Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Exporteur­ vereine (Working qommittee of Exporters Birse, Zimmer 210 Associations) Hamburg Zentralverband des Deutschen Handwerks (Central Association of German Meekenheimer Allee 67 Handicraft Industries) Bonn

57 Zentralverband Deutscher Handels­ vertreter- und Handelsmakler­ verblinde) (Central Association of Trade Lichtensteinstrasse 2

Representative and Brokers) - Frankfurt,am Main Zentralverband des genossenschaft­ lihen Gross- und Aussenhandels fUr Nahrungs- und Genussmittel e. V. (Central Association of Cooperative Grosse Wholesalers and Foreign Traders in Friedbergerstrasse 44 Fodstuffs) Frankfurt am Main Zentralverband des genossenschaft­ lichen Grofi- und Aussenhandels e. V. ('Central Association of Cooperative

Wholesalers and Foreign Traders Grosse - [in Industrial Products and Friedbergerstrasse 44 Commodities]) Frankfurt am Main

(1) Represents foreign trade committees of Western German Chambers of Industry and Commerce, for list of which see Appendix C. (2) Represents foreign trade committees of the Western German ihdustrial associations, for list of which see Appendix E.

38 APPENDIX C

ADDRESSES OF LOCAL CHAMBERS OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE IN WESTERN GERMANY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO CITIES

City Street Address Aachen Theaterstrasse 6 Arnsberg Koenigstrasse 10 Aschaffenburg Herstailstrasse 26 Augsburg Phil.-Welser-Strasse 28 Baden-Baden Stefanienstrasse 2 Bayreuth Bahnhofstrasse 29 Bielefeld Herforder Strasse 28 Bochum Scharnhorststrasse 10 Bonn Schumannstrasse 4-6 Braunschweig Garkueche 3 Bremen An Markt 13 Bremerhaven Am Rathaus 7 Coburg Bahnhofstrasse 39 Darmstadt Luisenplatz 7 Detmold Fuerstengartenstrasse 22 Dillenburg Wilhelmstrasse 10, Dortmund Maerkische Strasse 120 Duisburg Duisburg-Ruhrort 'Fuerst-Bismarck-Strasse 44 Duesseldorf Bahnstrasse 47 Emden Ringstrasse 4 Essen Kettwiger Strasse 35 Esslingen Friedrichstrasse 9a Flensburg Heinrichstrasse 34 Frankfurt am Main Boerse Freiburg Wilhelmstrasse 26 Friedberg Goetheplatz 3 Fulda Lindenstrasse 20

39 City Street Address Giessen Lonystrasse 7 Hagen Konkordiastrasse 5 Hamburg Boerse Hanau Friedrichstrasse 18 Hannover Aegidientorplatz 3 Heidelberg Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 1 Heidenheim Schnaitheimer Strasse 21 Heilbronn Wollhausstrasse 97 iHildesheim Waterloostrasse 25 Karlsruhe Karlstrasse 6-8 Kassel Querallee 36 Kiel Ritthausplatz 2 Koblenz Clemensstrasse 18 Koeln Unter Sachsenhausen 37 Konstanz Schuetzenstrasse 8a/b Krefeld Koenigstrasse 243 Lahr in Baden Lotzbeckstrasse 5 Limburg Schiede.20 Lindau (B) Hauptstrasse i Luebeck' Breite Strasse 6 Ludwigsburg Asperger Strasse 37 Ludwigshafen Rottstrasse 2a Luenebnrg Am Sande 1 Mainz Muensterplatz 2 Mannheim L 1, 2 Muenchen Brienner Strasse 47 Muenchen-Gladbach Bismarckstrasse 109 Muenster Am Obertor 4 Neuss Vossgasse 112 Nuernberg Johannisstrasse 5 Nuertingen Bismarckstrasse 28 Offenbach Kaiserstrasse 28 Oldenburg Moslestrasse 4 Osnabrueck Bolmtestrasse f1 Passau Nikolastrasse 10 Pforzheim Poststrasse i Ravensburg Seestrasse 32 Residenzstrasse 2 Remscheid Elberfelder Strasse 49

40 City Street Address Reutlingen Schulstrasse 11 Rottweil Koenigstrasse 48 Schopfheim Wehrerstrasse 5 Siegen Friedrichstrasse 13 Solingen Luisenstrasse 12 Stade Pferdemarkt 22 Stuttgart Haussmannstrasse 22 Trier Kaiserstrasse 27 Ulm Bismarckring 44 Wetzlar Friedenstrasse 2 Wiesbaden Adelheidstrasse 23 Wuppertal Immermannstrasse 15 Wuerzburg Ottostrasse 4

Note: Correspondence to any of the above local Chambers of Industry and Commerce should be addressed to Industrie- und Handelskammer followed by the appropriate address and city (e. g, Industrie- und Handelskammer, Theaterstrasse 6, Aachen).

41 APPENDIX D

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF LAND LEVEL ASSOCIATIONS OF CHAMBERS AND INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

Name Address Arbeitsgemeinschaft der bayeriscien Muenchen, Industrie- und Handelskammern Brienner Strasse 47 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Industrie­ Frankfurt am- Main und Handelskammern des Landes Hessen Boerse Vereinigung der Niedersaechsischen Hannover, Industrie- und Handelskammern Aegidientorplatz 3 Vereinigung der Industrie- und Handels­ Duesseldorf, kammerndes Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen Am Wehrhahn 94-96 Arbeitsgemeinsahaft der Indristrie­ Koblenz, und Handelskammern Rheinland-Pfalz Clemensstrasse 18 Verband der Industrie- und Handels­ Kiel, kammern des Landes Schleswig-Holstein Raihausplatz 2 Arbeitsgemneinschaft der Industrie­ und Handelskammern in Wueritemberg- Stuttgart-O., Baden Haussmannstrasse 22 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Industrie­ und Handelskammern des Landes Reutlingen, Wueritemberg-Hohenzollern Schulstrasse I Aussenhandelsbuero der badischen Handelskammern bei der Industrie­ und Handelskammer IHK* Baden-Baden

* The Aussenhandelsbiiro der badischen Handelskammern deals. only with matters of foreign trade.

42 APPENDIX E

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF FOREIGN TRADE COMMITTEES OF WESTERN GERMAN INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS BELONGING TO THE BUNDESVERBAND DER DEUTSCHEN INDUSTRIE AUSSENHANDELS AUSSCHUSS

Name Address Wirtschaftsverband Asbest e. V. Mainzer Landstrasse 66 (asbestos) Frankfurt am Main Verband der Automobilindustrie e. V. Westendstrasse 61 (automobiles) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Bauindustrie Taunusstrasse 2 (building) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinsciaft Bekleidungs­ industrie des VWG Rossmarkt 15a (clothing) Frankfurt am Main Boersenverein Deutscher Verleger­ v find Buchhaendlerverbaende Schaumainkai 101 (publishers and booksellers) Frankfurt am Main Deutscher Branerbund '. V. Wiesenan 2 (breiveries) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft Chemische -Am Hauptbahnhof 12, IV Industrie des VWG (Merkurban) (chemicals) . Frankfurt am Main I Arbeitsgemeinschaft Eisen-, Bledi­ unid Metallwarenindustrie des VWG T'arkortsrasse 27 (iron, sheet metal, and hardware) Duesseldorf . Wirtschaftvereinigung Eisen- und Stablindustrie Hamboldistrasse 31' (steel) Duesseldorf

43 Name Address Zentralverband der Elektro­ technischen Industrie Am llauptbahnhof 12 (electrical engineering) Frankfurt am Main Wirtsdiaftsvereinigufg der Ernahrungsindustrie Detmold, SchiloB (food processing) Verband der Fahrrad'- und Motorradindustrie e. V. Gartenstrafle 2 (bicycle and motorcycles) Bad Soden/Taunus Verband der Deutschen-Feinmecha­ nischensund Optischen Industrie Wilhelminenstrasse 50 (fine mechanics and optics) Wiesbaden Verband der Gablonzer Industrie Uhlandstrasse 6 (Gablonzer jewelry) Oberursel/Taunus Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Giesserei-Vereinigungen NeueMainzerstrasse60,I1I (foundries) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitgemeinschaft Glasindustrielle -Verbaende Liebigstrasse 60 (glass) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft Graphische Verbaende der Bizone. Uhlandstrasse 4 (graphic arts) Wiesbaden Hauptverband, der Deutschen Holz­ verarbeitenden Industrie Helenenstrafle 10 (wood processing) Wiesbaden Arbe itagemeinschaft -der Deutschen Kautshuk-Industrie e. V. Mainzer Landstrasse 66 (rubber) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft Keramisdie Industrie Am Hauptbahnhof 12 (ceramics) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunstseide­ und Zellwollindustrie des VWG Arndtstrasse 18 (rayon and artificial fibre) Frankfurt am Main

44 Name City Gesamtverband Kunststoff­ verarbeitende Industrie Am Hauptbahnhof 12 (plastic processing) Frankfurt am Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Landes­ verbaende der Lederwaren und Kofferhersteller des BWG Herrastrasse 17 (leather and luggage) Offenhach am Main Verein Dentscher Maschinenbau- Anstalten Liebigatrasse 17 (mechanical engineering) Frankfurt am Main Mineraloelwirtsdiaftsverband e. V. Alsterufer 4-5 (petroleum) Hamburg 36 Wirtschaftsvereinigung Nichteisen­ metalle e. V. Am Wehrhahn 98-100 (non-ferrous metals) Duesseldorf Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Papier- und Pappeverarbeitenden Industrie des VWG ' Arndtstrasse 47 (paper and carboard processing) Frankfitrt am Main Verband Deutscher Schiffs­ werften e. V. Ferdinandstrasse 58, III (shipyards) Hamburg I Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Schmuck-, Silberwaren- und Uhrenindustrie Industriehaus (jewelry, silberware, and watches) Pforzheim Arbeitsgemeinsdiaft Spielwaren­ industrie des VWG Bismarckstrasse 131 (toys) Nuernberg Wirtschaftsverband Stahl- und Eisenbau Rathausstrasse 5 (iron and steel construction) Bad Pyrmont Wirtsdiaftsverband Stahiformung Hodistrasse 134 (hot rolling steel and forgings) Hagen/Westfalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Steine u. Erden Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring 74 (stones and earths) Wiesbaden

45 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Textil­ industriellen Verbaende des VWG Boeddinstrasse 9 ,,Gesamifextil" Frankfurt am Main- (textile) Sachsenhausen Treuhandstelle der Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie des amerikanischen und britischen Besatzungsgebietes Kleine Wilhelmstrasse 7 (pulp and paper) Wiesbaden Wirtschaftsvereinigung Ziehereien imd Kaltwalzwerke Martin-Luther-Platz 23-27 (drawn and cold-rolled steel) Duesseldorf Industrieaussdufl West-Berlin Kurfuerstendamm 56 (industrialcommittee for West Berlih) Berlin W 15 Industrieausschuli West-Berlin, Interessenvertretung Frankfurt am Main (Frankfurt Representatird of indu­ Oberlindau 107 strial committee for West Berlin) Frankfurt am Main

46 APPENDIX F

FOREIGN TRADE -- WESTERN GERMANY PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES IMPORTS

Thousand Dollars Commodity 1949: 1950: Fourth Quarter First Quarter Food and Agriculture ...... 558,705 297,964

Live Animals . . . . . I . . . 2,539 8,875 Milk ...... 738 -622 Butter ...... 3,534 19,202 Cheese ...... 4,525 2,304 Meat and Meat Products . .. . .18,57? 12,753 Intestines ...... 3,339 2,801 Fish and Fish Products 7,411 5,462 Eggs, white and yolks ...... 6,948 19,980 Wheat ...... 88,418 51,984­ Rye ...... 126,631 4,445 Barley ...... *...... 11,007 3,014 Oats . . . . *...... 3,476 450 Corn ...... 29,007 11,521 Other Grains ...... 5,597 12,736 Rice '...... 5,923 4,768 Pulses ...... 5,220 4,812 Potatoes ...... 2,065 171 * .. . . . 2,065 Vegetables, fresh ...... 2,541 6,427 Fruit, non-citrus * . . . . . 21,819 9,213 Fruit, citrus ...... 24,623 26,544 Cacao and Products . . I I I . 5,496 9,580 Spices ...... 3,476 968 Sugar ...... 17,934 5,214. Oil Seeds ...... 12,014 11,101 Oils and Fats, animal ...... 6,619 11,647

47 Thousand Dollars Commodity' 1949: 1950: Fourth Quarter First Quarter Oils and Fats, vegetable . . . . . 7,554 19,298 Margarine ...... 1,211 2,212 Oileake ...... 777 2,642 Coffee ...... 5,058 6,583 Tea ...... 806' 633 Tobacco, raw and Products . . . . 13,266 7,262 Wine ...... 1,673 4,000 Other Food and Agricultural Products ...... 9,103 8,740

Industry ...... 276,688 294,474

Raw Materials . . . . . 140,749 158,059

Wool and Animal Hair ...... 22,749 40,915 Cotton, raw, waste, linters . . . . 46,004 47,014 Flax, Hemp, Jute, etc...... 6,531 7,728 Hides, Skins, Furs ...... 12,946 14,308 Feathers ...... 1,885 2,888 Timber ...... 1,678 1,919 Rubber ...... 8,585 8,327 Resin, Gums, Shellac ...... 2,340 1,807 Coal (incl. brown coal) ...... 6,107 8,129 Petroleum and Tar ...... 5,961 3,608- Iron Ore ...... 8,438 2,673 Copper Ore ...... 1,661 3,357 Phosphate, raw ...... 2,116- 1,124 Other Raw Materials ...... 13,748 12,264

Semi-FinishedGoods . 78,412 71,647

Silk, raw and yarn ...... 921 1,520 Rayon...... 3,616 4,673 Yarn, wool ...... 7,745 9,885 Yarn, cotton ...... 5,756 6,652

48 Thousand Dollars Commnodity19:I9O 1949: 1950: Fourth Quarter jFirst Quarter

Yarn,, flax, hemp, jute, etc. . . . . 1,564 - 1,235 Lumber ...... 5,350 2,372 Wood Pulp ...... 5,162 5,901 Aluminium ...... 2,901 1,253 Copper ...... 4,640 5,154 Nickel...... 6 1,056 Tin ...... 3,043 - Zinc ...... 48 2,032 Fats and Oils, technical ...... 3,064 11,534 Fuel and Lubricating Oil . . . . . 13,028 6,341 Phosphate Fertilizers ...... 2,224 2,078 Other Semi-Finished Goods . . . . 9,364 9,963

FinishedManufactures - 57,527 64,768

Fabrics, silk and rayon ...... 1,481 2,519 Fabrics, wool ...... 6,052 7,674 Fabrics, cotton -...... 5,614 6,863 Knitwear and Clothing, silk and rayon ...... 1,069 . 1,890 Knitwear and Clothing, wool . . . 2,261 2,567 Knitwear and Clothing, cotton . . 1,000 1,246 Hats ...... 1,264 1,577 Leather ...... 2,592. 3;924 Fur and Leather Manufactures . 1,350 1,055 Paper and Pulp ...... 1,666 2;814 Chemical Manufactures . . . . . 7,563 6,209 Iron and Steel Mill Products . 2,316 2,786 Machinery and Machine Tools 9,088 8,781 Automotive Vehicles -...... 606 1,995 Electro-Technical Equipment . . . 2,422 2,670 Watches and Clocks ...... 1,722 1,515 Other Finished Manufactures . 9,461 8,683

Total Imports ...... 635,395 592,438

49 APPENDIX G

FOREIGN TRADE - WESTERN GERMANY PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES EXPORTS

Thousand Dollars Commodity 1949: 1950: Fourth QuarterI First Quarter Food and Agriculture ...... 10,090 7,908

Live Animals ...... 1,191 1,085 Seeds (other than oilseeds) ..... 1,082 2,286 Fats and Oils, margarine 853 155 Hops ...... 4,946 2,43) Beer, Wine, Brandy ...... 765 627 Other Food and Agricultural Products ...... 1,255 1,525

Industry . 273,792. 348,520

Raw Materials . . . . . 59,471 61,149

Wool and Animal Hair ...... 983 2,681 Furs, raw ...... 51 600 Timber ...... 2,474- 2,371, Coal (incl. brown coal) ...... 49,491 47,868 Salt...... 576 639 Potash ...... 2;018' 2,281 Stones and Earths ...... 1,930 1,929 Other Raw Materials ...... 1,968 2,780

Semi-Finished Goods 68,556 80,433

Rayon . 1,945 2,212 Yarn, wool 992 956

50 Cm i Thousand Dollars Commodity 1949: 1 1950: Fourth Quarter'I First Quarter Yain, cotton ...... 222 523 Wood Pulp ...... 826 1,228 Cement ...... 2,720 2,643 Building Materials, mineral . . . . 2,084 1,856 Iron, crude ...... 1,329 1,355 Iron, scrap ...... 18,779 .16,902 Aluminium ...... 2,786 2,596 Copper ...... 2,427 3,325 Lead ...... 4,074 3,679 Coke ...... 23,260 -27,002 Chemicals (incliding Fertilizers) 3,961 10,540 Other Semi-Finisched Goods . 3,151 5,816

FinishedManufactures . 145,765 206,938

Fabrics: Silk and Rayon ...... 1,333 1,406 Artificial Fiber ...... 985 1,891 Wool ...... 539 1,040 Cotton ...... 6,201 5,600 Other...... - 123 586 Leather and Leather Manufactures 822 1,098

Earthenware, Pottery, Porcelain - 2,772 3,419 Glass and Glassware ...... 709 1,428 'Coal Tar Dyes ...... 5,010 7,211 Other Dyes, Varnishes, Lacquers 2,467 3,864 Pharmaceutical Preparations . . 2,776 4,154 Other Chemical Manufactures . 10,861 13,955 Iron and Steel Mill Products . . . 19,378 32,112 Copper Manufactures ...... 2,338 5,261 Aluminum, rods, sheets, wire, etb. . 547. 1,21 Cutlery, Tools, and Other Ironware 18,659 25,668 Precious Metal Products . . . . . 1,482 1,878 Machinery: Machine Tools ...... 6,152 7,666 Spinning and Leather Industry . 4,205 6,633 Agricultural ...... 2,900 7,398 Engines ...... 5,515 5,374 'Paper and Printing ...... 4,476 4,143 Other*Machinery ...... 13,450 15,806 Automotive Vehicles ...... 7,240 14,538 Electro-Technical Equipment . . . 8,263 10,845 Fine Mechanical-Optical Equipment 4,726 6,916 Musical Instruments ...... 856 831 Toys, Christmas-free Decorations 983 648 Other Finished Manufactures . 9,994 14,450

rotal Exports ...... 283,882 356,428

52 APPENDIX H

VALUE OF ECA PROCUREMENT AUTHORIZATIONS ISSUED TO FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY FOR PROCUREMENT IN THE UNITED STATES ACCORDING TO COMMODITIES PERIOD: APRIL 5, 1948, TO MARCH 51, 195o (thousands of dollars)

Grand Total 8 615,494 Commodity Total ...... 615,494 Food and Agricultural Commodities . . 516,289 Industrial Commodities ...... -99,205

COMMODITY DETAIL Food, Feed, and Fertilizer . . . . 278,949 Bread Grains ...... *...... 66,150 Wheat ...... *...... 48,708 Wheat Flour ...... 14,904 Rye ...... 2,539 Coarse Grains ...... -. . . . . 113,986 Corn ...... 73,655 Grain Sorghums and Buckwheat ...... 26,794 Oats ...... 6,857 Barley...... *...... 6,680 Fats and Oils ...... 62,659 Peanuts ...... 17,990 Soybeans ...... 9,803 Lard ...... 16,712 Soybean Oil ...... 10,937 Tallow 3,443 Linseed Oil ...... 1,109 Soap, Soapstock, and Fatty Acids 1,462 Whale Oil and Fish Oils ...... 682 Other Fats and Oils, N.E.C...... 522

53, I

Dairy Products ...... 276 Meat ...... -... 8,637

Rice ...... 515 Sugar and Related Products ...... 21,260 Eggs ...... 1,891 Fertilizer ...... 240 Vegetables and Preparations ...... * 2,960, Miscellaneous Grain Preparations ...... 432 Seeds, Other than Oilseeds ...... 27 Miscellaneous Agricultural Products ...... *216

COMMODITY DETAIL Fuel ...... $ 5,264 Petroleum and Products ...... 5,264 Raw Materialsand Semifinished-Products ...... 255,434 Cotton ...... 173,792 Raw 'Cotton, except Linters ...... 169,577 Cotton Linters ...... 3,528 Cotton Waste ...... 718 Unclassified Cotton Credits ...... 31 Iron and Steel Mill Materials and' Products, Including Ferro-Alloys ...... 2,602 Chemicals and Related Products ...... 11,117 Medical & Pharmaceutical Preparations . . . . . 2,246. Industrial, Chemicals ex. Alcohol...... 4,398 Alcohol ...... 1,507 Other ...... 2,967 Nonferrous Metals and Products ...... 13,998 Copper ...... 8,978 Zinc ...... 1,639 Nickel ...... 21 Tin ...... 536 Other, Including Precious Metals ...... -. . 2,824 Lumber and Lumber Manufactures ...... 3,783 Fabricated Basic Textiles .. . . .*. . . . . 6,094

Nonmetallic Minerals . -...... 2,774

54 ' Hides, Skins, and Leather ...... 15,720 Pulp and Paper ...... 5,220 Naval Stores ...... 6,582 Wool, Unmanufactured ...... 10,317 Metallic Ores and Concentrates ...... 920 Fibers, ex. Unmfd. Cotton & Wool ...... 2,515 Machinery and Vehicles ...... 28,951 Machinery and Equipment ...... 23,375 Construction, Mining & Conveying Equip. . . . . 2,750 Metalworking Machinery, ex. Mach. Tools . . . . 409 Machine Tools ...... 5,391 Elec. Appar., ex. Generators & Motors ...... 143 Generators and Motors ...... 678 Industrial Machinery, N.E.C ...... 14,005

Motor Vehicles, Engines, and Parts ...... 4,768 Other Transportation Equipment...... 808 Miscellaneous and Unclassified ...... 8 46,896 Tobacco ...... 41,239 Miscellaneous Industrial Commodities ...... 2,762 Scientific & Professional Instruments ..-. . . . . 205 Other ...... - . -- -.. - 2,557 Unclassified Agricultural Products . . 2,896

55