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Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the Transport Sector

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Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the Transport Sector Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the transport sector EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport Directorate DG MOVE Unit D4 Contact: [] E-mail: […]@ec.europa.eu (functional e-mail if existing, or Firstname.Lastname) European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the transport sector A study by ICF International Director of Study: Tina Weber Written by: Tina Weber, Anne-Mari Hall, Helen Quaresma, Ines Maillart “The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.” Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport December , 2015 EUR [number] EN Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the transport sector Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN ABC 12345678 DOI 987654321 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in [Country] PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF) (This needs to be an option list) PRINTED ON TOTALLY CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (TCF) PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER PRINTED ON PROCESS CHLORINE-FREE RECYCLED PAPER (PCF) Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the transport sector Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................ i Executive summary ............................................................................................ii Introduction ....................................................................................................ii The practice and potential of EWCs in the transport sector ....................................ii The structure, scope and function of existing EWCs ............................................. iii The reality of information and consultation structures and the role of EWCs in restructuring situations .................................................................................... iv Themes being addressed by transport sector EWCs ............................................. vi Strength, weaknesses and particular challenges facing EWCs in the transport sector .................................................................................................................... vi Policy recommendations ................................................................................. vii Kurzfassung ...................................................................................................... ix Zusammenfassung............................................................................................. x Einleitung ...................................................................................................... x Praxis und Potenzial von EBR im Transportsektor ................................................ x Struktur, Umfang und Funktion bestehender EBR ............................................... xii Die Realität von Informations- und Konsultationsstrukturen und die Rolle von EBR in Restrukturierungssituationen .......................................................................... xiii Von Transportsektor-EBR adressierte Thematiken ............................................. xiv Stärken, Schwächen und spezielle Herausforderungen für EBR im Transportsektor . xv Politikempfehlungen ....................................................................................... xv Résumé ........................................................................................................ xviii Résumé analytique .......................................................................................... xix Introduction ................................................................................................. xix Les pratiques et le potentiel des CEE dans le secteur des transports .................... xix La structure, le champ d’action et la fonction des CEE existants .......................... xxi La réalité des structures d’information et de consultation et le rôle des CEE dans les situations de restructuration .......................................................................... xxii Les thèmes traités par les CEE du secteur des transports ................................. xxiii Forces, faiblesses et problèmes spécifiques rencontrés par les CEE dans le secteur des transports ............................................................................................ xxiv Recommandations politiques ........................................................................ xxiv 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2 Study approach and methodology .................................................................. 3 2.1 Approach .............................................................................................. 3 2.2 Methodology ......................................................................................... 6 3 European Transport Policies – impact on EWCs ...............................................15 3.1 Introduction to EWCs ............................................................................15 3.2 Effects of the development of the internal market on corporate organisational structures and employment in the transport sectors – factors influencing the establishment and operation of EWCs ...............................................................20 3.3 Effectiveness and impacts of the EWCs generally and in the transport sector specially .......................................................................................................32 3.4 Summary of key findings .......................................................................36 Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Works Councils in the transport sector 4 EWCs in the EU transport sector: potential and practice ...................................38 4.1 Background .........................................................................................38 4.2 Potential ..............................................................................................39 4.3 Share of active EWCs, by sub-sector .......................................................42 4.4 Challenges in establishing new EWCs ......................................................43 4.5 Reasons for ‘failure’ of EWCs ..................................................................44 5 Key features of EWCs in the transport sector: background information ..............45 5.1 Characteristics of transport sector companies with EWCs ...........................45 5.2 Background and triggers for the set-up of transport EWCs .........................46 5.3 EWC agreements in the transport sector: legal background and potential changes ........................................................................................................47 6 Practical operation of EWCs in the transport sector ..........................................51 6.1 Composition of transport EWCs ..............................................................51 6.2 Appointment and representatives of employee delegates in transport EWCs 52 6.3 Rights of EWC employee representatives .................................................53 6.4 The frequency of meetings ....................................................................55 7 Functioning of EWCs: Objectives and performance of information and consultation procedures particularly in restructuring situations .................................................59 7.1 Objectives of EWCs in the transport sector ..............................................59 7.2 Functioning of transport sector EWCs in relation to information and consultation particularly in restructuring situations .............................................60 7.3 Consultation ........................................................................................64 7.4 Focus of EWCs on transnational matters only ...........................................66 7.5 Performance of EWCs with regard to information and consultation ..............68 7.6 Coverage of European issues addressed by transport EWCs .......................72 7.7 Role of transport sector EWCs in restructuring situations ...........................73 8 Strengths and weaknesses of transport sector EWCs .......................................77 8.1 Challenges faced by existing transport EWCs ...........................................77 8.2 Strengths of transport EWCs ..................................................................79 8.3 Weaknesses in transport
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