The Italian Open Access Success Story On 1 January 2001 the railfreight market in was opened up to private operators. Between the start of the very first open access international freight service in 2006 and 2015 these opera- tors captured close on 39 % of the market share in Italy. However during this same period the overall amount of railfreight traffic shrank by 40 %.

2016 was a significant year: the on these routes considerably. On the open access operators increased their Diagram: FerCargo international lines heading west out of overall market share by 25 %, capturing Italy rail’s share is just 3.7 %, while 45 % of the domestic market and no those to Switzerland have a 25 % share less than 62 % of all international freight of all freight traffic. We described in de - workings. Growth of the open access tail aspects of loading gauge and train market share prompted the founding in length limits in Italy, together with plans 2009 of an association for these opera- for future developments, in R 3/14, tors, FerCargo, with nine members. pp. 60 - 61. National railfreight operator Trenitalia Eurostat 2014 data indicate that the Cargo (TIC, now renamed Mercitalia italian rail network is performing badly Rail) was profoundly affected by the in - with respect to the ratio of tonne km of te rnational economic crisis of 2007/08, freight transported per km of railway. which resulted in the Italian GDP falling On a 16,861 km network 20.2 billion by 23 % to 1,745 billion EUR by 2016. tonne kms were moved in 2013. This TIC operated 62.8 million train kms in works out at around 1.2 million tonne 2007, but just 27.8 million train kms in kms per route km. Compare this with 2014. To cut its losses, TIC decided to 3.2 million tonne kms per km in Germany, give up its wagonload traffic business. and the pan-EU average of around In 2015 Italian railfreight enjoys 2 million tonne kms per km. a modal share of just 8 %, which is one of the lowest in Europe. Italy’s rail - Realising Railfreight freight exports in 2015 were valued at Development of Italian railfreight traffic. Potential In Italy 323 billion EUR, 53 % of this traffic be - ing moved via the lines serving northern for the P/C 80/410 loading gauge by Modane line the limit is 550 m. On the In 2015 Italian railfreight activities Europe, including Britain, 35 % by the end of 2017. However the lines be - Gotthard via Luino line freights loading generated 950 million EUR. It is esti - those heading towards western Europe tween Italy and France still have a P/C to just 1,400-tonnes are allowed, on mated that this sales turnover could (France, Spain and Portugal), and 12 % 45/364 loading gauge, and almost the account of limitations on the Italian part increase to 3 billion EUR over the next via those serving eastern Europe. entire French rail network has this rather of this route. On all other international few years, if the correct strategies are The lines to the north and east are limited loading gauge, while on some lines trailing loads are limited to be - pursued. At present the network lacks well suited for intermodal and semi - lines it is even more restricted. tween 800 and 950 t, and the Modane the necessary conditions. It is plagued trailer consignments and RoLa opera - On the Brennero route 600 m long lin e has a 600-tonne limit. These charac - by a range of different limitations on tions. All these routes will be adapted freights are permitted, while on the teristics affect the modal share for freight trailing load, train length and type. How - ever RFI states in its 2017 to 2026 ten- All administrative functions involving year business plan that it intends to in vest technical, health and veterinary issues, around 73 billion EUR in infrastructure customs procedures and charging for upgrades. VAT are now handled at one contact Work is already in progress. By the point. Consignments can now be cleared end of 2017 the main trans-Alpine for import up to two days before they line from Torino via Novara, Milano, arrive at a port. Customs clearance pro - Brescia, Verona and Tarvisio to Villach, cedures are handled by inland termi - part of the RFC 6 („Mediterranean“) nals, rather than on the quayside follow - corridor, together with other principal ing disembarkation, to avoid conges- international routes leaving Italy to the tion and delays within ports. north, such as Domodossola to Brig, The result is that by using an Italian the line via Luino, the Chiasso to Got - port rather than the likes of , thard and Basel route and the Brennero Hamburg or Antwerpen, the costs of Captrain Italia hires 12 TRAXX DC locomotives from Akiem. This photo line from Verona to Innsbruck and sending a consignment to a destination shows E483 303 near Pisa on 14 April 2016. München will all have had their infra - in Switzerland, Austria or southern Ger - structure enhanced to accommodate many work out at about 10 % lower, if a standard loading deck height above Its sales turnover in 2009 was 11.2 mil - 750 m long trains complying with the the ship-to-door section of the journey rail top. Transport of semi-trailers will lion EUR. P/C 80/410 loading gauge. alone is taken into account. not be possible on these lines, but in In December 2011 Assologisticia, The Milano and Verona to Bologna At present a new container ter - any case Trieste has become the estab - the most prominent Logistics sector lines, and those thence to Livorno, La minal for use by large container ships lished Italian port for ro-ro ferry/rail trade organisation in Italy teamed up Spezia, Ancona and Bari will also by is being developed at Vado Ligure, some reloadings for semi-trailers. with the magazine Euromerci to nominate then be able to accept freights with 55 km west of Genova. The developers Captrain Italia for the „2011 Logistics a P/C 80/410 loading gauge, but only are the Mærsk Group and APM Termi - International Railfreight Provider of the Year“ award. Over the of between 650 and 750 m in length. nals, Mærsk’s terminal operating sub - Open Access Operators 3-year period up to 2012 the company Moreover, in 2018 freights are to be sidiary. The port will have an annual almost doubled its Italian sales figures. granted nocturnal access to the Italian throughput capacity of 800,000 TEUs, Of these there have been five, using In 2015 Captrain Italia won a major high speed network , which is equip - of which 40 % will be moved by rail. the international lines which serve north - contract with the oil company ENI , il - ped with ETCS Level 2. This is of key Completion is scheduled for 2018. ern Italy: Captrain Italia, Crossrail Italia, lustrating its ability to meet the specific importance for freight movements be - La Spezia is planning expansion, this DB Cargo Italia, Rail Cargo Carrier - Italy needs of the Italian market. This con - tween Milano, Roma and Napoli, be - involving provision of facilities for the and SBB Cargo Italia. In 2015 they tract involves two separate activities. cause most of the conventional lines accommodation of a further annual generated around 17 % of all sales One is the transport of petrol within Italy between these cities are still limited to throughput of 500,000 TEUs, while revenue within the Italian railfreight mar - for ENI’s Refining & Marketing Division. the P/C 45/364 loading gauge. The di - Genova is planning an extension to ket. But with the exceptions of Rail The other is the transport of styrene for rectness of the high speed network is enable a throughput of up to 800,000 Cargo Carrier and SBB Cargo Italia, the ENI’s Versalis Division, involving four another important factor, high speeds TEUs. La Spezia will enable rail to cap - other operators were either loss-mak - trains per week from Mantova in Lom - not being so important. ture up to 50 % of all containerised ing, or only just managed to break even. bardia to Dunai in Hungary. Italy has also realised an administra - freight passing through the port. All Crossrail Italia is non longer involved in Under the direction of CEO Mauro tive restructuring of its ports to make these port developments will provide this activity (see later). Pessano sales turnover increased from them more competitive with those on more opportunities for Italian open ac - Since the beginning of this year, 16.2 million EUR in 2011 to 54.8 mil - the North Sea coast, especially for con - cess railfreight operators to increase BLS Cargo returns to Italian market with lion EUR in 2015, and was expected to tainer traffic. The 24 port authorities their market share. running oil trains on behalf of Socar rise again, to around 80 million EUR, in have been reduced to 15, and the num - Loading gauge on the approach from Trecate (Italy) to various fuel stor - 2016. In mid-February 2017 SNCF Lo - ber of members on port authority com - lines from the north to the port of Ge- age depots in Switzerland via Chiasso gistics acquired 45 % of BLS Cargo’s mittees has been reduced from 330 nova through difficult mountainous ter - or Domodossola. shares, thus enabling Captrain to pro - to just 70. The 23 offices which formerly rain, will, presumably, at least until 2021, vide through haulage and operation dealt with 113 administration procedures remain at P/C 45/364, however this Captrain Italia in Switzerland for its Germany to Italy have been reduced to just two - thanks still enables high cube containers to be freight services and strengthen its po- to the digitalisation of these procedures. transported on wagons which have Captrain Italia, formerly SNCF Fret sition on the freight corridor between Italia, took over Veolia Cargo Italia en - northern and southern Europe. tirely in 2012, and has progressively In November 2016 Captrain Italia been establishing itself in northern Italy. received the last of the 12 TRAXX DC It was granted an operating licence and Class E483 electrics it had hired from safety certificate in 2006, and was the Akiem. Bombardier delivered all these first SNCF Logistics subsidiary to be - new machines within the space of come an open access operator in Eu - a year. Captrain Italia also has three more rope. It operates intermodal and other E483s on hire from Alpha trains, and six types of freight throughout Italy, with Class E484s on hire from SBB Cargo. five local bases, at Milano, Genova, For international services between Italy Avigliana, and Trieste and and France, and domestic services within a network of terminals and partners to Italy, Captrain Italia uses a batch of 25 offer logistics activities such as ware - ex-SNCF Class E436300MF electrics, housing and door-to-door distribution. together with five Type G1000 diesels, built by Vossloh. The „MF“ in the desig - nation refers to Monferail, which was Key Performance Indicators 2015 the open access operator which SNCF Captrain Italia the second largest Swiss retail group, is a showcase of „Realising purchased in 2005 to enable it to enter MIGROS, Market Share 5.8 % Railfreight Potential In Italy“. In 2013 it moved 2,400 TEUs by rail from the ports of the Italian railfreight market. La Spezia and Genova to its distribution centres. This is around 30 % of the total Turnover (million EUR) 54.8 number of containers that MIGROS handles. Most of these containers originate in Profit/Loss loss China and India. In 2016 around 4,000 TEUs were moved. The advantage of the Sales 2013 - 15 +57 % Key Performance Indicators 2015 ship-to-rail transfers at La Spezia and Genova are that almost no storage or ware - Employees 242 Crossrail Italia housing costs are involved. Locomotives 35 Market Share 0.8 % The time on passage spent by vessels from leaving the Suez Canal at Port Said to Founded 2006 Turnover (million EUR) 7.6 arrival in Italy results in the delivery time for these containers being between four Profit/Loss +/- 0 and ten days shorter than if they were sent to a North Sea port such as Rotterdam. Data by reportaziende.it and rail Sales 2013 - 15 -22 % Moreover the environmental footprint of the vessels is less, resulting in about 45 kg operators. In all tables the number Employees 49 per TEU, compared with 110 kg per TEU for the section of the way from Suez to Locomotives 10 the destination port, if the containers were sent via Rotterdam. This diagram of locomotives only refers to main Founded 2003 shows the evolution of container transport to Switzerland via La Spezia and line electrics. Genova (data supplied by Contship/Oceanogate).

52 Map: DB Cargo Italia/ Peider Trippi

DB Cargo Italia’s E191 014 at Cucciago (about 30 km north of Milano) on 26 January 2017, one of eight of these 5,200 kW Vectron DC machines on hire from the German group Unicredit Leasing.

DB Cargo Italia has represented - Chiasso is conveniently located for DB Cargo in Italy since 2002, being freights generated by both the steel created out of Strade Ferrate del Medi- and chemical industries, with daily DB Cargo Italia has developed an exten - terraneo (SFM). In January 2009, Rail - freights to and from northern Europe, sive hub and railport network in northern ion Italia acquired 49 % of the shares in these routed via . A service Italy, and also provides wagonload services to over 30 destinations. NORDCARGO held by Ferrovienord. from Chiasso to the Desio and Milano A year later, in January 2010, it acquired railports offers clients in the Milano Crossrail Italia pulled out of railfreight operations in a majority shareholding in NORDCARG O district what amounts to virtually a door- Italy, and its services have been taken by purchasing 11 % more of the shares to-door freight service, covering almost Crossrail Italia, part of the Swiss over by SBB Cargo International, the from Ferrovienord. Since then it has all types of consignment. There are Crossrail group, was founded in 2003. physical handing over of southbound handled all transport tasks for the DB It has had a couple of substantial share - freights occurring at Basel. Hitherto, Cargo Italia network. holding structure changes in its history. Crossrail Italia hired a batch of ten Class DB Cargo Italia has three main hubs , Key Performance Indicators 2015 Since April 2016 the parent concern 186 TRAXX electrics, which were used at Brescia Scalo, Chiasso and Torino: DB Cargo Italia Crossrail has been owned by Rhenus for haulage from Basel to destinations - Brescia Scalo is close to the heart Market Share 4.4 % Logistics (75 %) of Germany and by in Italy. of Italy’s steel industry, and is served Turnover (million EUR) 41.9 Austria-based LKW Walter (25 %), which daily by three freights from München, Profit/Loss loss and six per week from Chiasso. There is the leading HGV trucking concern in DB Cargo Italia Sales 2013 - 15 +5 % Europe and whose semi-trailers are fre - are several wagonload services to Employees 295 quently moved by rail on many routes DB Cargo Italia, under various names, various stations, private rail networks across Europe. has been present in Italy since 2002, es- and the San Zeno railport, where rail- Locomotives 25 However, following restructuring in tablishing itself on the Alpine transit route to-road transfers are made for further Founded 2002 mid-February 2017 by Rhenus, Crossrail from North Sea ports and Scandinavia. distribution purposes. / o g r i a p C

p

SBB Cargo’s E484 001 arrives at the Hupac terminal in Busto Arsizio- i B r T B

Gallarate with an intermodal service on 3 November 2016. r S

e : d p i

also scheduled railfreight services to In 2016 DB Cargo Italia took delivery a e P Casalpusterlengo, Mantova, Trecate, of eight new Class E191 Vectron DC M and Livorno. locomotives , the objective behind SBB Cargo Italia’s service network in 2016. - Torino has daily freight services these being to increase service fre - to and from Chiasso, and serves as quencies and to develop the network of SBB Cargo Italia sprinters leased from MRCE, and these a routing point for freights conveying services to cover major ports. All eight were 2016 joined by a batch of five ELL timber and paper. machines are leased from Unicredit. Also SBB Cargo subsidiary SBB Cargo Class 193 Vectrons, equipped for ope- In addition to these three hubs, DB part of the fleet are eight Class E483 Italia was founded in 2003 and is based ration in the Netherlands, Germany, Cargo Italia serves ten railports and over TRAXXes hired from FNM, three Class in Gallarate. It is also part of the SBB Austria, Switzerland and Italy. For 2018 50 private sidings and rail networks E483s leased from Alpha Trains, five Cargo International (SBBCI) Group. another 18 Class 193 Vectron DACHI throughout northern Italy. Class E189s leased from MRCE (one 75 % of the shares of SBBCI are owned are on order (193 461 - 478), and are DB Cargo has a pan-European wag - of them sub-leased from InRail), and one by SBB Cargo (parent company), while to be leased through Swiss Investment onload network, and the three Italian Class E474 hired from FNM. Hupac holds the remaining 25 %. SBBCI Funds LokRoll AG (see R 1/17, p. 61). hubs are served by this. Within Italy is active mainly on intermodal and block customised wagonload services are Rail Cargo Carrier - Italy tr ains linking North Sea ports with north - Domestic Open Access operated, and this is one area in which ern I taly. Together with BLS Cargo it Railfreight Operators DB Cargo Italia has found success. In December 2008 Rail Cargo Aus - runs the trans-alpine RoLa services Among its wagonload clients steelworks, tria (RCA) acquired 55 % of the shares from Freiburg im Breisgau in southern At present these operators have paper mills, breweries and construction of LINEA S. p. A., an open access freigh t Germany to Novara in Italy. SBBCI ope- a market share of 21 % . They are the companies are just some of the areas operator, founded in 2007 owned by rates the train between Domodossola products of ventures by private inves- of industry for which a nationwide wagon- various Italian and Slovenian companies . and Novara. tors, business entrepreneurs, former load service is essential. LINEA was renamed Rail Cargo Carrier - SBBCI had a total sales revenue of Trenitalia employees, and by existing lo - From Chiasso wagonload services Italy on 12 January 2012, and then be - 265 million CHF in 2015. Of this, its ac - gistics, rail transport, shipping and rail run to the Dinazzano and Castelguelfo came a limited liability company (società tivities in Italy generated 41 million CHF. passenger operating concerns. RTC, railports in Emilia Romagna, the Anagni a responsabilità limitata) instead of a joint- In mid-February 2017 SBBCI took over GTS and Oceanogate are all subsidia- railport in Lazio, the Maddaloni railport stock company (società per azioni). Crossrail’s services south of Basel, this ries of larger concerns, and are not in Campania, and Monfalcone, situated Villach South serves as a receptor expected to increase its Italian market constrained in the same ways that all of near the border with Slovenia. From hub for wagonload traffic originating share by around 1 % and add some the others are. These smaller operators here services operate to and from loca - further north in Europe. Here Rail Carg o 10 million EUR to its turnover generated have had to carefully adjust their scale tions in eastern Europe. Essentially, DB Logistics marshals the wagons, group - by railfreight activities in Italy. of ventures to prevailing market condi - Cargo Italia took over the wagonload ing them into trains for the run through SBB Cargo Italia has a fleet of 40 tions and opportunities. services which Trenitaila Cargo had the Alps to various distribution centres locomotives , hiring its classes E474 For instance, a small operator will abandoned, and has subsequently deve - in Italy. There are two such trains per and E484 from SBB Cargo. Through find that it is not as easy to arrange the loped a network which effectively serves week to Sacile and Casarsa della Delizia haulage from North Sea ports and ori - lease of an electric locomotive as it is many small and medium sized busi - (northeast of Treviso), three to Lugo in gins in Germany to Italy is provided by for a large, financially more secure ope- nesses. Emilia Romagna, two to Pescara on the SBBCI using over 20 Class 189 Euro- rator. The securities imposed by the In late 2015 DB Cargo Italia was Adriatic coast, five to Maddaloni, near given a positive assessment by the Caserta in Campania, five to Santo Stino Safety and Quality Assessment System di Livenza (not far from Venezia), be - Photo: Michele Sacco (SQAS ). This is a set of standards es - tween two and three to Desio, two to tablished by the European Chemical In - either S. Ferdinando or Gioia Tauro in dustry Council (CEFIC). The assessment Calabria, and various services, accord - came soon after the operator won, in ing to demand, to the Cartiere Burgo summer 2015, a contract from the Exxo n Verzuolo (a paper mill, near Cumneo) Mobil/Erg Trecate oil refinery, which is and the Catania Bicocca intermodal ter - located near San Martino di Trecate, No - minal. vara. This involves the transport of prod - ÖBB’s Class 1216 Tauruses, know n ucts from the refinery to various domes - as Class E190 in Italy, are used on this tic and international destinations, and group of services. RCA also runs a RoLa also resulted in DB Cargo Italia running service from Trento to Brennero, con - freights to Genova for the very first time. tinuing to Wörgl in Austria.

Key Performance Indicators 2015 Key Performance Indicators 2015 Rail Cargo Carrier - Italia SBB Cargo Italia Market Share 1.8 % Market Share 4.3 % Turnover (million EUR) 16.9 Turnover (million EUR) 41.0 CFI’s E189 406 (hired from MRCE) passing through Firenze Campo Marte Profit/Loss profit Profit/Loss profit on 8 July 2012. Among the various train lessors MRCE now has on order or in Sales 2013 - 15 -36 % Sales 2013 - 15 +3 % use the largest fleet of locomotives equipped for operation in Italy, no fewer than 101 machines. These include the 36 Vectrons whose deliveries are now starting Employees 102 Employees 263 (see p. 61). MRCE’s earlier purchases were five Class 484 TRAXXes and 60 Type Locomotives from RCA Locomotives 25+ ES64F4 Eurosprinters, of various versions. Of these latter two types, 26 are hired Founded 2008 Founded 2003 by operators registered in Italy, and others visit the country from time to time during their regular activities.

54

Key Performance Indicators 2015 Key Performance Indicators 2015 Compagnia Ferroviaria GTS Rail Italiana Market Share 1.3 % Market Share 4.4 % Turnover (million EUR) 12.8 Turnover (million EUR) 41.9 Profit/Loss profit Profit/Loss profit Sales 2013 - 15 +19 % Sales 2013 - 15 +24 % Employees 57 Employees 122 Locomotives 8 Locomotives 15 Founded 2008 Founded 2007

Nicola Muciaccia founded a rail trans - lessor are usually stricter. In an inter - port company, with a view to establish - view, a CEO of one of these open access ing the first intermodal terminal in south - companies reckoned that the hire of ern Italy. The first block trains, moving ju st one too many locomotives, in excess swapbodies, ran in 1992 , on services of requirements, can easily result in the from Bari to Napoli and Salerno. annual loss of a sum amounting to six Dinazzano Po’s Vossloh-built diesel G 2000 17 shunts at Dinazzano on The company’s first international figures in euros. 15 April 2016. block train ran in 2007, its destination being Manchester. Subsequent desti - Compagnia Ferroviaria to be ordered equipped with auxiliary TPER transferred responsibility for pro - nations included Piacenza, , Zee - Italiana diesels for shunting purposes. How - viding haulage for freight services to Di - brugge and Gioia Tauro. The GTS Grou p ever, they were delivered and put into nazzano Po, and the company was re - ran its first train, as a licensed operator, Roma-based CFI was founded in service in 2015 without these Last Mile structured with share capital being in 2009. In 2014 GTS Rail had over 750 2007 by Giacomo Di Patrizi (now the diesels. The RailOne acquisition re - increased to 39 million EUR once this clients, involving over 60,000 ship - company’s CEO) and some other Ital - sulted in the fleet being expanded by had been completed. During the same ments of intermodal consignments. The ians in private business who believed in three Class E474 Eurosprinters and year Dinazzano Po applied to become same year GTS Rail was granted a pas - the potential for future development and one Vossloh Class G 2000 diesel. Two a fully licensed railfreight operator, the senger transport licence. growth of open access railfreight ope- more Class E191s were ordered and licence being issued in October that In 2015 GTS Rail moved 5 million rations. The company’s first freight ran reached Italy in early spring 2017. CFI year, thus enabling the company to of - tonnes of freight along the Adriatic in July 2009 . In 2010 CFI acquired currently has a fleet of 650 wagons. fer a complete transport and logistics coast from Bari via Piacenza and Milano the five-track intermodal terminal at service to its clients. In July 2013 it then to various destinations in Europe and Fiorenzuola D’Arda (near Piacenza) and Dinazzano Po applied for the Parts A and B safety cer - 4.2 million tonnes along the Tyrrhenian the four-track terminal at Piedimonte tificates. coast from Marcianise via Pomezia, San Germano (110 km southeast of Dinazzano Po was founded in 2002 In addition to railfreight operation, Roma, Piacenza and Milano to Europe. Roma). In August 2011 CFI was granted by two railway undertakings based in Dinazzano Po also provides shunting However, the volumes of freight carried its Class A and B safety certificates for , TPER (Trasporto Pas- services at eight locations, including are imbalanced . Northbound work - European operation, being the first Ital - seggeri Emilia-Romagna) and Ferrovie Ravenna and Modena, and can offer ings carry by weight only 25 %, while ian open access operator to achieve Emilia Romagna. Subsequently two mor e train maintenance and overhaul servi- southbound workings carry 75 % of this step. Following the acquisition of shareholders were incorporated, the ces and provide technical verifications consignments. 37.8 % of northbound the terminal operator Sada and the lat - logistic operator at Ravenna port. Sapir, at its depots. consignments are destined for Ger - ter’s activities in 2012, CFI became the and Ravenna Port Authority. Since 2010 the amount of freight many, 29 % for Benelux, and 12 % for largest domestic railfreight and inter - Dinazzano Po started by providing moved annually increased by 80 %. Switzerland. Just over 50 % of these modal terminal operator. logistic services and logistic termi - Motive power consists of two Class northbound consignments are handed CFI’s clients include Acciaierie nal management services, though its E483 TRAXXes acquired from Ferrovie over to partner operators, these in the Arvedi, Acciai Speciali Terni, Case New freights were hauled by motive power Emilia Romagna and in November 2016 past including Crossrail. Holland, Padana Tubi, Unilever, Nestlé provided by the two railway companies a third E483 was hired from Akiem. In Using the Gotthard Base Tunnel, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and key which founded it. The main objective all the company has a fleet of 19 loco - GTS Rail has plans to offer through logistics concerns such as s Sit Rail, was providing a door-to-door service for motives, mostly diesels. haulage to destinations in Switzerland Stante, Schenker and Transmec. Acciai its clients. The incorporation of activi - and Germany, and for this a Swiss- Speciali Terni produces wide stainless ties within Ravenna port was prompted GTS Rail based subsidiary has been created. In or carbon steel strips. by the decision to win from road haulage 2016 GTS completed the construction In October 2015 CFI bought up its companies the transport of locally ma- GTS Rail is the railfreight subsidiary of a rolling stock maintenance base, sit - rival, RailOne , which was valued at nufactured ceramic products. of the GTS (General Transport Service) uated in Bari, and plans to use this to 8.6 million EUR. Turnover for 2016 is Following Ravenna, services were Group, based in Bari. It has been active offer its services to other operators. It is estimated to be around 47.5 million EUR, expanded to other ports - Genova, as an operator since 2008, though its the first in Italy to be 100 % privately an increase of about 13 % compared to Livorno and La Spezia. In June 2012 roots can be traced back to 1977 when financed. 2015, for both CFI and RailOne. GTS is structured vertically, and CFI’s motive power fleet started off has a strong environmentally friendly with a Siemens-built electric hired from policy, its latest slogan asserting that it MRCE Dispolok. Nowadays the com - is the „Green Transport Solution“. The pany has nine Class E189s, owned as outlook for 2016 is, according to CEO well as hired from MRCE. In 2011 two Alessio Muciaccia, promising: „The Class E190s were bought from Siemen s, 2016 data indicate the GTS Group’s followed by two class E191 Vectrons in further turnover growth to increase to 2014. These are the first Vectron DCs 86 million EUR (compared with 79 mil -

Key Performance Indicators 2015 Key Performance Indicators 2015 Dinazzano PO Interporto Servizi Cargo Market Share 2.3 % Market Share 0.9 % Turnover (million EUR) 21.8 Turnover (million EUR) 8.9 Profit/Loss +/- 0 Profit/Loss profit Sales 2013 - 15 +71 % Sales 2013 - 15 +9 % Employees 91 Employees 62 Locomotives 3 Locomotives 6 GTS’s E483 051 „Sasha“ in Reggio Emilia on 15 April 2016. All the com - Founded 2002 pany’s locomotives are named after founder members of GTS, or after the Founded 2009 stated philosophies of the company.

56 Key Performance Indicators 2015 InRail Market Share 2.3 % Turnover (million EUR) 21.8 Profit/Loss loss Sales 2013 - 15 +61 % Employees 77 Locomotives 5 Founded 2009 lio n EUR in 2015, with GTS Rail con - tributing 12.8 million EUR). In 2016 3,900 trains (3,120 in 2015) were operated covering 1.45 (1.07 in 2015) million train km in Italy. For 2017 the group target is 100 million EUR with a 10 % EBITDA.“ GTS rail has a fleet of 11 Class InRail’s E190 312 at Reggio Emilia on 15 April 2016. E483 locomotives, seven of which are owned, one leased from Alpha Trains. Under the Napoli Port Logistics Ex - ern Italy. In September 2016 three new InRail Another three TRAXXes were delivered tended System (known, appropriately train pairs per week between Bari or in early 2017. These are leased from as NA.P.L.E.S) ISC has started up a lo - nearby Giovinazzo and Verona started InRail started up as an open access Iccrea BancaImpresa, a Iccrea Banca cal shuttle service linking Napoli port up. There are now plans to develop 17 freight operator in 2009. It has since subsidiary. district with the huge Nola Interport more new domestic services, all of evolved into one of the ten largest ope- („interport“ being the Italian term for which will run on a daily basis. rators of its kind in Italy, specialising in Interporto Servizi Cargo a „freight village“ complex). This is rea- The hearts of operations for ISC the transport of metallurgical products, lised jointly with Interporto Campano, are the two terminals in the Napoli dis - scrap metal, timber and coal. It runs in - ISC was founded in 2009, and im - Napoli Port Authority and Regione trict, Nola Interport and Nola Interm odal ternational freights via the border cross - mediately afterwards applied for its ope- Campania. Working together with IFB, Terminal. The vast Nola Interport, one of in gs at Tarvisio Boscoverde (Austria), Villa rating licence and safety certificate. By Kombiverkehr and Hupac, ISC is able the largest „freight villages“ in Europe, Opicina and Nova Gorica (Slovenia), and early 2010 it was providing services to provide international services. has 13.75 km of tracks, and is linked Chiasso and Domodossola (Switzerland). between southern and northern Italy. Its In 2015 ISC increased traffic to directly with Nola Intermodal Terminal. The main domestic destinations for activities involve both intermodal logis - 1,375 trains (up by 16 % on 2014) and ISC has two Class E484 TRAXXes fr eights are Udine, Osoppo, San Giorgio ti cs and rail operations. In 2016 it served 24,168 loading units (up by 16.5 % on and four Class E189 Eurosprinters, all di Nogaro, Piacenza, Cava Tigozzi (Cre - Milano Segrate Terminal, Bologna Inter - 2014). For 2016 another increase of on hire from MRCE Dispolok. It is planned mona), Portogruaro (Venezia), Cava Ma - port, Verona Quadrante Europa, Pome- 25 % to 30,000 loading units is ex - to hire two more Class E189s during nara (Pavia), (Mantova) an d zia Santa Palomba, Bari Ferruccio and pected. 50 train pairs per week were 2017. A fleet of 120 platform wagons is San Pietro in Gù (Vicenza). InRail has of - Nola Interport. operated between southern and north - available for intermodal services. fices in Genova, Udine and Nova Gorica. Map: FuoriMuro

FuoriMuro has since the end of March 2017 been owned by FNM (49 %), Tenor (30.6 %) and InRail (20.4 %). FuoriMuro will be one of the bidders for a tender to FuoriMuro’s interna - be invited by the Genova port authority for a new contract to provide shunting in tional service, between northern Italy, Marseille, the port area, where FuoriMuro has the concession today. This contract will be and other destinations in France, serves a range of awarded in 2020/21. FNM then has a framework agreement for an option to take clients. This uniquely structured service (see text) won a prestigious award over another 21 % of Fuori Muro’s shares within six months of the contract being from the European Rail Congress in London in 2014. awarded, provided that the operator wins it. FuoriMuro has made a substantial investment to buy two Vectron DCs, 191 002 FuoriMuro Servizi and 003, which were ordered in March 2012, completed in late 2013, then spent Key Performance Indicators 2015 Portuale e Ferroviari nearly two years being authorised for use in Italy. Both were delivered in late 2015 FuoriMuro and were in service by early 2016. In March 2017 FuoriMuro created a wholly- Market Share 1.3 % FuoriMuro, founded in 2010, started owned subsidiary, LocoItalia, and transferred the ownership of all its locomotives Turnover (million EUR) 12.8 life providing all the shunting services in to it. LocoItalia is the first privately owned Italian rolling stock company. During the Profit/Loss +/- 0 the port district of Genova. Traffic steadily second quarter of 2017 FNM will decide whether it wants to participate in increased over subsequent years, and Sales 2013 - 15 +15 % LocoItalia, with a 51 % shareholding. This photo shows E191 003 at Treviglio in 2015 over 130,000 wagons were on 4 November 2016. FuoriMuro also has three Type G 2000 diesels and several Employees 106 handled there. In 2015 FuoriMuro won diesel shunters of diverse origins. Locomotives 2 an extension of this contract until 2020. Founded 2010 In August 2012 FuoriMuro was Oceanogate Italia ru n to Rotterdam, Venlo, /Kre - granted a safety certificate, enabling it feld, Frenkendorf, Zeebrugge and Bu - to run freights from other inland logistic Oceanogate Italia was created in dapest. InRail has a workforce of about 100 centres to Genova, La Spezia and Li- 2010 by the Contship Italia group, Oceanogate has six Class E483s employees and it runs over 120 trains vorno, and from these ports to major which is involved in both shipping and on lease from Alpha Trains and three a week, using its fleet of four Class E190 freight centres in northern Italy. Appropri - logistic activities. 66.6 % of Contship Class E484s leased from MRCE, to - Tauruses, two hired Class E189s, three ately enough, the operator’s name trans - Italia shares are owned by Hamburg- gether with a fleet of 320 hired wagons. hired Class D100s and one hired Class la tes as „Outside the Wall“ - and as we based Eurokai. Also involved in the proj - DE520. It is planned to buy another shall see next, that is exactly what it did! ect were Contship subsidiary Sogemar Rail Traction Company main line locomotive in 2017 if traffic Starting in October 2012 FuoriMuro (active in port warehousing and cargo growth continues. The company’s sha- introduced a unique international freight handling activities) and Ferrovie Emilia RTC was founded in 2000 in readi - reholders at present are the rail and service from and Pavia to Mar - Romagna. In late 2011 Oceanogate ness for European railfreight liberalisa - logistics investment company Tenor seille. This service collects both groups Italia was able to start up railfreight ope- ti on. It is a subsidiary of S.T.R. Brennero (63 %) and the rail import/export logis - of wagons and single wagons (either LPG rations, using its own motive power, but Trasporto Rotaia, which has a 95.53 % tics company Inter-Rail (37 %). tank wagons or platform wagons for con- relying on Ferrovie Emilia Romagna’s li - shareholding, and DB Cargo, which tainers) and drops them off en route, cence and safety certificate. holds 4.47 % of its shares, and is based serving a diversity of clients. And this is By 2016 Oceanogate had a work - in Bolzano (registered office) and Ve- Key Performance Indicators 2015 what makes the service so unique : it force of 80 active at La Spezia, Bologna rona (operational headquarters). Oceanogate Italia is multi-client, multi-product, multi-origin and Melzo (Milano). It runs over 32 in - It was the first open access rail - Market Share 2.1 % and multi-destination. It runs daily, and ternational and 60 domestic services freight operator to run trains over the Turnover (million EUR) 19.9 in France is operated jointly with the per week. Its main base is at Melzo, Brennero and Tarvisio lines. It runs Profit/Loss loss SNCF subsidiary VFLI and the intermodal where the terminal has four 750 m long a mix of container, semi-trailer and swap- Sales 2013 - 15 +5 % terminal operator Novatrans. Starting in and three 550 m long tracks. Domestic body intermodal services and conven - 2016, working together with the French destinations are La Spezia, Genoa, Ra- tional block train freights. By 2010 there Employees 75 in termodal companies Modal Ouest and venna, Padua, Trieste, Parma, Reggio were 18 train pairs per week on both Locomotives 10 Regional, twice-weekly services from Emilia, Bari, Nola and Frosinone (near these trans-Alpine routes, and 2016 Founded 2010 Marseille have been offered to Toulouse Roma). International services are taken 41 train pairs per week. Within Italy most and Niort (near La Rochelle). over by partner rail undertakings and of these intermodal trains originate at

Oceanogate’s E483 019 (hired from Alpha Trains Italia) ready for depar - RTC-operated E186 283 (hired from Railpool) and the operator’s own ture from the Contship terminal at Melzo on 4 November 2016. ES64F4-002 (E189 902) on 5 May 2016 at Oberaudorf, Germany.

58 Key Performance Indicators 2015 FAS and Ferrotramviara do Rail Traction Company not have any 2015 freight only Market Share 5.1 % Key Performance Indicators. Turnover (million EUR) 48.6 Profit/Loss +/- 0 RTC has a 30 % shareholding. Other Sales 2013 - 15 +24 % Lokomotion shareholders are DB Cargo Employees 215 (30 %), Kombiverkehr (20 %) and S.T.R. Locomotives 17 (20 %), resulting in RTC being part of Founded 2000 a group of companies which are mutu - ally interconnected, these including DB Cargo. Verona and serve München, Köln, Ham- RTC operates a fleet of over 40 elec - burg, Hannover, Leipzig, Wuppertal, Kiel tric locomotives. Most of these are multi- and Antwerpen. There are also three in - voltage, and are also part of the Loko - termodal train pairs per week between motion fleet. RTC itself owns eight Class Milano Segrate and the München-Riem EU43s, of whose the first three were logistics terminal. built in 1998 - 99 at the Adtranz factory As far as ordinary block trains are in Vado Ligure (former ABB Techno- concerned, there are 15 pairs weekly masio), and 004 to 008 by Adtranz-Pa- FAS works together with Captrain on international freights. Here E483 032 between Brescia and München moving fawag of Wrocław in 1999 (both fac to - heads a rake of tank wagons from Chiasso at Lomagna on 26 January 2017. metallurgical products, five weekly pairs ri es now form part of Bombardier Trans- moving cars between München and portation). All EU43s were originally des - two companies also share a freight sec - ment to provide services for Captrain Verona, six pairs per week moving a wide tined for PKP, however after their pur - tor, serving local industries connecting Italia, FAS decided to invest in a third variety of consignments between Mün- chase failed (see R 2/04, pp. 32 - 36), to northern Italy. Class E483. chen Nord and Verona Porta Vescovo, they were sold to RTC in early 2001. FAS , based in Abruzzi, has a fleet Ferrotramviara , a privately owned and a further 24 train pairs per week be - Five Class E189s also form part of of 11 diesels and since 2012 has also company, in the hands of the Pasquini tween locations in Germany and Trieste. RTC’s fleet. The company also leases acquired three Class E483 TRAXXes. and Castelnuovo families has since 2013 In 2011 RTC started transport- four Class E483s from Alpha Trains. Eight Especially on account of the automo - run freight services in Apulia, initially ing cereals, and has now established Vectrons are on order from Siemens, tive traffic generated by the Campus working together with GTS. It has a fleet a steady clientele. During 2016 some for delivery in 2017, for use on services Automotive in the Val di Sangro, railfreight of four Class E483s, the last one (E483 fr eight services between Italy, Romania, from Italy to Germany and Austria. is expanding steadily, and at Jesi Inter - 043) delivered on 23 March 2017, and Hungary and Ukraine were also realised. port FAS is in charge of shunting activi - a number of diesel locomotives. All Austrian services, together with the Ferrovia Adriatico Sangritana ties. At the Adriatic port of Ortona FAS German ones as far as München, are (FAS) And Ferrotramviara has improved the rail infrastructure by Peider Trippi operated under the licence of RTC’s relaying the tracks on the north pier. It German partner, Lokomotion Gesell- In addition to providing local train is also planned to provide a rail link to Photos, unless cited, schaft für Schienentraktion, in which and bus services for passengers, these the port at Vasto. Following an agree - by author Interview With FerCargo President, Giancarlo Laguzzi

FerCargo is a private rail operators’ mit the circulation of 740 m long association. Which were the compa - trains, or the granting of subsidies Photo: FerCargo nies involved when it was founded to be issues for consideration? in 2009? First of all, I have to say that we The founder members of the reckon that the measures taken by the FerCargo Association were Fret SNCF present Italian Minister of Transport, Italia (now Captrain), Railion Italia (now Graziano Delrio, are of fundamental DB Cargo Italia), LINEA (now Rail Carrier importance. Railfreight is heading for Cargo Italy), Rail Traction Company, substantial changes. Compagnia Ferroviaria Italiana, Veolia For the first time in Italian railway his - Cargo (now Captrain), Crossrail, InRail tory, steps have been taken to boost and SBB Cargo Italia. railfreight, and make it more competitive with other transport modes, such as road What has FerCargo achieved during haulage. Moreover, these measures its existence? are enabling the Italian railfreight system First, the number of members has to adapt more easily to European stan - increased from the original nine to 16. dards. One of the elements in the Fourth that means that virtually all railfreight Railway Package is the creation of operators which are not part of the FSI a Single European Rail Area, and this is Group are now FerCargo members. an essential element in the development They also represent at present about of true, effective pan-European liberali - 40 % of the railfreight market. In 2010 sation. Giancarlo Laguzzi, the President of the FerCargo Association. He was they operated around 5 million train km, It is anticipated that the Italian railway the former CEO of Oceanogate and a director of FS’s railfreight division. and in 2015 about 16 million train km. infrastructure will be upgraded. These In that year Trenitalia Cargo operated upgrades will influence axle-loads and ness risks and which has only share - This will ensure that the railway holding 29 million train km, so the FerCargo loading gauge, in particular in tunnels. holders in the public sector. We have companies no longer finance them - members, with their 1,750 employees, It will then be possible to run 740 m long adopted the standpoint of the EU’s selves with income derived from private achieved about 55 % of this! fr eights, and to carry High Cube con - Transport Regulation Authority. Under railway operators. Full unbundling of the We have achieved two milestones tainers. Trailing loads of up to 2,000 t will the Fourth Railway Package, the profits system would have been a better stra- of fundamental importance. Starting in be possible. This will all help to make made by infrastructure managers after tegy, nevertheless. 2014 we managed to ensure that clients railfreight more efficient. It is expected December 2019 have to go to the pub - were free to award railfreight contracts that the amount of freight to be carried lic shareholders and not be channelled Do you reckon that better scale without having to include Trenitalia Car go per train will increase by around 15 %. back into the railway holding company. economies could be achieved as in the bidding procedure. Involvement Two types of incentive for the use of of the latter often resulted in it offering railfreight services are being considered. „dumping“ prices to win contracts. Sec - One is what is known as a Ferrobonus, ond, we opposed Berlusconi’s 2009 the other involves discounts on railfreight directive, which was to result in two- charges. The standards and procedu- thirds of RFI’s stations being handed to res being followed for the introduction other companies in the Trenitalia/FSI of these comply fully with the guidelines Group. Although we were unable to block issued by the European Commission these transfers altogether, we did en - for the provision of state-backed incen - sure that indiscriminate transfers involv - tives for railfreight transport, but the im - ing railfreight terminals did not take plementation of these measures has place. After all, these terminals are used been slowed down excessively by by the whole railfreight industry. bureaucracy during the authorisation stage at the EC level. Has the FerCargo association ge- Nevertheless, the Italian Ministry of nerated any other synergies, leav - Transport has so far not dealt with one ing aside political influences? Here important issue. That is the question of one could mention the development Driver Only Operation (DOO). Unlike in of working and co-ordinating groups most other European countries, in Italy to influence staff training, safety freight locomotives have to have a driver and service quality enhancement, and secondman in the cab. This results the furthering of the use of internet in an increase of 8 % in operating costs. and 4.0 information technology and The Ministry of Transport is now holding suchlike. discussions with the Ministry of Labour When it was founded, FerCargo to see what can be done about the future created a Technical Committee, which implementation of DOO. If it is allowed is always available for reference by those it would result in another positive ad - responsible for safety and staff training vance for open access railfreight, and purposes, and involves all FerCargo would indeed be a turning point for us. members. This is a working group which usually meets on a monthly basis, and Track access charges, and the serves as the main arbiter for all in - prices charged for electricity and volved in rail safety issues, including the diesel fuel are increasing at rates national rail safety authority, ANSF (Agen - higher than the general inflation in - zi a Nazionale per la Sicurezza delle Fer - dex. These are weakening the posi - rovie) and infrastructure manager RFI. tion of train operators compared with that of other forms of transport What are the most important next provider. What steps are being taken , steps to be achieved to further or are necessary, to reverse this progress with the liberalisation of development? the Italian railfreight market, and to RFI achieved in 2015 a net profit of win more freight back to the rails? 129 million EUR, which is a turnover For instance, would you consider margin of 5.2 %. We at Fer Cargo reckon the use of the high speed network, that such a profit level is excessive for infrastructure enhancements to per - an activity which has virtually no busi -

60 a result of the merging of some of sion of wagonload freight services. In the open access railfreight opera - three years’ time, perhaps? tors? Economic analyses demonstrate It is very sad to see that between that in rail transport operations scale 2006 and 2015 there was a 40 % economies of such a type are much reduction in railfreight traffic on the less effective than they are in other sec - Italian network. And that happened tors of the industrial economy. Only in spite of the presence of open ac - indirect costs are influenced, with no cess railfreight operators. Do you influence on direct costs or the func - think that there will be a recovery tional aspects of operations. in the future? How could such a re - covery be brought about? And when What is the relative market share in could it happen? Italy of various types of freight ope- 2015 showed that there had been rations - intermodal, block and wa- a bit of positive progress. 2016 saw gonload services? growth of 6 %, with the private opera - Intermodal railfreight currently ac - tors contributing 20 % of this. During counts for around 60 % of all railfreight 2016 the open access railfreight ope- MRCE Hires To Mercitalia Rail R 1/17, p. 61). operations, and most freights nowadays , rators partly counterbalanced the ear - MRCE can go on with deliveries of Now the next are X4E-641 and 642 whether intermodal or otherwise, are lier decline in traffic suffered by Tren- new Vectrons in the version for use in to be delivered in the second week of block trains. Trenitalia Cargo (now Merc- italia Cargo (now Mercitalia) group. The Germany, Austria and Italy, following April to Mercitalia Rail, a new identity of italia) stopped almost all operating wa- open access companies captured 45 % matriculation of further machines and Italian state railfreight company (and gonload services in 2011. of domestic railfreight, and 62 % of rail - their inspection by ANSF being finali - hence also an owner of TX Logistik), freight on international services into and zed. MRCE has 36 machines in this which will under long term deal hire ten So how has wagonload railfreight in out of Italy. So it looks like in the future version on order, the first one being the of this MRCE batch. In the photo, they Italy developed following Trenitalia growth will be focused on international InnoTrans exhibit X4E-640 (193 640, are seen on 4 April in Siemens Mün - Cargo pulled out? traffic. It also looks like Mercitalia is now see R 6 /16, p. 38), which could be hi - chen Allach factory? Some of our members do run wa- pursuing a growth-orientated strategy. red to its lessee, TX Logistik, already in gonload services. This at present is not If this is indeed the case, there could be 14 February 2017, as this machine, as Petr Kadeřávek economical, partly on account of the a real turnaround in Italian railfreight his - the prototype of the version, was in - Photo: MRCE lack of possibility of DOO. The revenue tory, with the public and private sectors spected and approved in advance (see from wagonload services is not suffi - working together to achieve this. cient to cover operating costs. When DOO is allowed, and our operating costs come down as a result, we can perhaps start considering the expan - Interview by Peider Trippi

Alpha Trains Vectrons For TX Logistik As also reported in R 1/17, p. 61, TX Logistik, further to MRCE’s X4E-640, is to hire ten Vectron MSes equipped for Germany, Austria and Italy, but these will be hired from Alpha Trains. First two, 193 550 and 551, were handed over to Alpha Train on 29 March 2017, when the photo was taken in premises of München-Allach factory? 193 552 followed soon after, other three are planned for handing over towards the end of March 2017, and the remaining four in autumn 2017. Alpha Trains has now .. how many?.. electrics fitted for operattion in Italy, thereof ... on hire to operators registered in Italy, and the others are penetrating the country too.

TX Logistik