Form, Function, and Evolution in Skulls and Teeth of Bats
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Volume 41, 2000
BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume 41 : No. 1 Spring 2000 I I BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume 41: Numbers 1–4 2000 Original Issues Compiled by Dr. G. Roy Horst, Publisher and Managing Editor of Bat Research News, 2000. Copyright 2011 Bat Research News. All rights reserved. This material is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, transmitted, posted on a Web site or a listserve, or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the Publisher, Dr. Margaret A. Griffiths. The material is for individual use only. Bat Research News is ISSN # 0005-6227. BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume41 Spring 2000 Numberl Contents Resolution on Rabies Exposure Merlin Tuttle and Thomas Griffiths o o o o eo o o o • o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 1 E - Mail Directory - 2000 Compiled by Roy Horst •••• 0 ...................... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 ,t:.'. Recent Literature Compiled by :Margaret Griffiths . : ....••... •"r''• ..., .... >.•••••• , ••••• • ••< ...... 19 ,.!,..j,..,' ""o: ,II ,' f 'lf.,·,,- .,'b'l: ,~··.,., lfl!t • 0'( Titles Presented at the 7th Bat Researc:b Confei'ebee~;Moscow :i'\prill4-16~ '1999,., ..,, ~ .• , ' ' • I"',.., .. ' ""!' ,. Compiled by Roy Horst .. : .......... ~ ... ~· ....... : :· ,"'·~ .• ~:• .... ; •. ,·~ •.•, .. , ........ 22 ·.t.'t, J .,•• ~~ Letters to the Editor 26 I ••• 0 ••••• 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 0. 0. 0 0 ••••••• 0 •• 0. 0 •••••••• 0 ••••••••• 30 News . " Future Meetings, Conferences and Symposium ..................... ~ ..,•'.: .. ,. ·..; .... 31 Front Cover The illustration of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum on the front cover of this issue is by Philippe Penicaud . from his very handsome series of drawings representing the bats of France. -
Figs1 ML Tree.Pdf
100 Megaderma lyra Rhinopoma hardwickei 71 100 Rhinolophus creaghi 100 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 100 Hipposideros armiger Hipposideros commersoni 99 Megaerops ecaudatus 85 Megaerops niphanae 100 Megaerops kusnotoi 100 Cynopterus sphinx 98 Cynopterus horsfieldii 69 Cynopterus brachyotis 94 50 Ptenochirus minor 86 Ptenochirus wetmorei Ptenochirus jagori Dyacopterus spadiceus 99 Sphaerias blanfordi 99 97 Balionycteris maculata 100 Aethalops alecto 99 Aethalops aequalis Thoopterus nigrescens 97 Alionycteris paucidentata 33 99 Haplonycteris fischeri 29 Otopteropus cartilagonodus Latidens salimalii 43 88 Penthetor lucasi Chironax melanocephalus 90 Syconycteris australis 100 Macroglossus minimus 34 Macroglossus sobrinus 92 Boneia bidens 100 Harpyionycteris whiteheadi 69 Harpyionycteris celebensis Aproteles bulmerae 51 Dobsonia minor 100 100 80 Dobsonia inermis Dobsonia praedatrix 99 96 14 Dobsonia viridis Dobsonia peronii 47 Dobsonia pannietensis 56 Dobsonia moluccensis 29 Dobsonia anderseni 100 Scotonycteris zenkeri 100 Casinycteris ophiodon 87 Casinycteris campomaanensis Casinycteris argynnis 99 100 Eonycteris spelaea 100 Eonycteris major Eonycteris robusta 100 100 Rousettus amplexicaudatus 94 Rousettus spinalatus 99 Rousettus leschenaultii 100 Rousettus aegyptiacus 77 Rousettus madagascariensis 87 Rousettus obliviosus Stenonycteris lanosus 100 Megaloglossus woermanni 100 91 Megaloglossus azagnyi 22 Myonycteris angolensis 100 87 Myonycteris torquata 61 Myonycteris brachycephala 33 41 Myonycteris leptodon Myonycteris relicta 68 Plerotes anchietae -
Species-Edition-Melanesian-Geo.Pdf
Nature Melanesian www.melanesiangeo.com Geo Tranquility 6 14 18 24 34 66 72 74 82 6 Herping the final frontier 42 Seahabitats and dugongs in the Lau Lagoon 10 Community-based response to protecting biodiversity in East 46 Herping the sunset islands Kwaio, Solomon Islands 50 Freshwater secrets Ocean 14 Leatherback turtle community monitoring 54 Freshwater hidden treasures 18 Monkey-faced bats and flying foxes 58 Choiseul Island: A biogeographic in the Western Solomon Islands stepping-stone for reptiles and amphibians of the Solomon Islands 22 The diversity and resilience of flying foxes to logging 64 Conservation Development 24 Feasibility studies for conserving 66 Chasing clouds Santa Cruz Ground-dove 72 Tetepare’s turtle rodeo and their 26 Network Building: Building a conservation effort network to meet local and national development aspirations in 74 Secrets of Tetepare Culture Western Province 76 Understanding plant & kastom 28 Local rangers undergo legal knowledge on Tetepare training 78 Grassroots approach to Marine 30 Propagation techniques for Tubi Management 34 Phantoms of the forest 82 Conservation in Solomon Islands: acts without actions 38 Choiseul Island: Protecting Mt Cover page The newly discovered Vangunu Maetambe to Kolombangara River Island endemic rat, Uromys vika. Image watershed credit: Velizar Simeonovski, Field Museum. wildernesssolomons.com WWW.MELANESIANGEO.COM | 3 Melanesian EDITORS NOTE Geo PRODUCTION TEAM Government Of Founder/Editor: Patrick Pikacha of the priority species listed in the Critical Ecosystem [email protected] Solomon Islands Hails Partnership Fund’s investment strategy for the East Assistant editor: Tamara Osborne Melanesian Islands. [email protected] Barana Community The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) Contributing editor: David Boseto [email protected] is designed to safeguard Earth’s most biologically rich Prepress layout: Patrick Pikacha Nature Park Initiative and threatened regions, known as biodiversity hotspots. -
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A. -
Base-Compositional Biases and the Bat Problem. III. the Question of Microchiropteran Monophyly
Base-compositional biases and the bat problem. III. The question of microchiropteran monophyly James M. Hutcheon1,JohnA.W.Kirsch1 and John D. Pettigrew2 1The University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum, 250 North Mills Street, Madison,WI 53706, USA 2Vision,Touch, and Hearing Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia Using single-copy DNA hybridization, we carried out a whole genome study of 16 bats (from ten families) and ¢ve outgroups (two primates and one each dermopteran, scandentian, and marsupial). Three of the bat species represented as many families of Rhinolophoidea, and these always associated with the two representatives of Pteropodidae. All other microchiropterans, however, formed a monophyletic unit displaying interrelationships largely in accord with current opinion. Thus noctilionoids comprised one clade, while vespertilionids, emballonurids, and molossids comprised three others, successively more closely related in that sequence. The unexpected position of rhinolophoids may be due either to the high AT bias they share with pteropodids, or it may be phylogenetically authentic. Reanalysis of the data with varying combinations of the ¢ve outgroups does not indicate a rooting problem, and the inclusion of many bat lineages divided at varying levels similarly discounts long branch attraction as an explanation for the pteropodid^rhinolophoid association. If rhinolophoids are indeed specially related to pteropodids, many synapomorphies of Microchiroptera are called into question, not least the -
Diversity and Diversification Across the Global Radiation of Extant Bats
Diversity and Diversification Across the Global Radiation of Extant Bats by Jeff J. Shi A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor Catherine Badgley, co-chair Assistant Professor and Assistant Curator Daniel Rabosky, co-chair Associate Professor Geoffrey Gerstner Associate Research Scientist Miriam Zelditch Kalong (Malay, traditional) Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Illustration by Gustav Mützel (Brehms Tierleben), 19271 1 Reproduced as a work in the public domain of the United States of America; accessible via the Wikimedia Commons repository. EPIGRAPHS “...one had to know the initial and final states to meet that goal; one needed knowledge of the effects before the causes could be initiated.” Ted Chiang; Story of Your Life (1998) “Dr. Eleven: What was it like for you, at the end? Captain Lonagan: It was exactly like waking up from a dream.” Emily St. John Mandel; Station Eleven (2014) Bill Watterson; Calvin & Hobbes (October 27, 1989)2 2 Reproduced according to the educational usage policies of, and direct correspondence with Andrews McMeel Syndication. © Jeff J. Shi 2018 [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8529-7100 DEDICATION To the memory and life of Samantha Jade Wang. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All of the research presented here was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship, an Edwin H. Edwards Scholarship in Biology, and awards from the University of Michigan’s Rackham Graduate School and the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (EEB). A significant amount of computational work was funded by a Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering fellowship; specimen scanning, loans, and research assistants were funded by the Museum of Zoology’s Hinsdale & Walker fund and an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant. -
Flying Foxes on Choiseul (Solomon Islands) the Need for Conservation Action
ORYX VOL 31 NO 3 JULY 1997 Flying foxes on Choiseul (Solomon Islands) the need for conservation action E. Bowen-Jones, D. Abrutat, B. Markham and S. Bowe The Choiseul 1995 project spent 6 months studying the Chiroptera of Choiseul, one of the least disturbed and most poorly known islands in the Solomons. Among the results were: the rediscovery of a member of the Megachiropteran genus Pteralopex, which had been thought possibly extinct; a new record of another endemic pteropodid with a limited distribution; and evidence of a decline in the 'commonest' member of the family in the archipelago. The threats, present and future, to these animals and the forests of the island are discussed. An overview of the status of Pteralopex spp. in the Solomons provides an insight into the need for conservation action in the country as a whole. Introduction several areas, including Mt Maetambe, an area of cultural significance due to its height. Only Choiseul is a remote island in the Solomons several months of working in other areas and and, compared with other islands in the archi- talking with the inhabitants to build up trust pelago, is poorly known in terms of its bio- and thus be granted access to land made this geography. The fauna of the island is very possible. similar to that of neighbouring Bougainville Choiseul has been rated as being the fifth (Figure 1), which, although politically part of highest priority area in the world for fruit bat Papua New Guinea, is biogeographically part biodiversity and 10 taxa of Megachiroptera of the North Solomons (Flannery, 1995). -
A Long-Tongued Pteropine Bat from West Africa
Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 ISSN: 0374-5481 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah11 A long-tongued Pteropine Bat from West Africa Dr. H.A. Pagenstecher To cite this article: Dr. H.A. Pagenstecher (1885) A long-tongued Pteropine Bat from West Africa, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16:91, 74-74, DOI: 10.1080/00222938509487509 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938509487509 Published online: 09 Oct 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah11 Download by: [University of Arizona] Date: 07 June 2016, At: 03:49 74 Miscellaneous. MISCELLANEOUS. A long-tongued Pteropine Bat from West Africa. By Dr. H. A. PAO~NS~CH~R. Megaloglossus W'cermanni, nov. gen. et spec. Long-tongued fruit-eating Bats have not hitherto beer~ found further west thun the Himalayas. Our Museum (Hamburg) has just received one through M. Soyaux, from Lsibange-Fann in Gaboon. This great change in our zoogeographicalexperience justi- fies a preliminary communication. Our animal belongs to Dobson's second group of the Maeroglossi : --" Second finger with a distinct claw ; intermaxillary bones united in front." It has the full dentition wlm:~-t-].., 2 . 1_3+~ -t-~4-=~ on each side. If Melonyeteris had not been separated from Maeroglossus the pre- sent species might also have been left in .~Iacroglossus. In size and in some of its characters it is intermediate between these two genera ; but in other points it departs more from Macroglossus than Melonycterls. -
Reproductive Biology of Bats This Page Intentionally Left Blank Reproductive Biology of Bats
Reproductive Biology of Bats This Page Intentionally Left Blank Reproductive Biology of Bats Edited by Elizabeth G. Crichton Henry Doorly Zoo Omaha, Nebraska and Philip H. Krutzsch University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright © 2000 Academic Press All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 32 Jamestown Road London NW1 7BY http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-066843 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-12-195670-9 Typeset by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge 00 01 02 03 04 05 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface ix 1 Endocrinology of Reproduction in Bats: Central Control 1 Edythe L.P. Anthony 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The hypothalamic-pituitary complex 2 1.3 GnRH and portal mechanisms 4 1.4 GnRH perikarya and seasonal dynamics of the GnRH system 9 1.5 The nervus terminalis 12 1.6 Pituitary gonadotropins 12 1.7 Prolactin 17 1.8 Pineal melatonin and the suprachiasmatic nucleus 19 1.9 Summary and future perspectives 21 Acknowledgments 22 References 22 2 Endocrine Regulation of Reproduction in Bats: the Role of Circulating Gonadal Hormones 27 Len Martin and Ric T.F. -
Master's Thesis
MASTER’S THESIS ‘Megabats’ Stephen Turnbull Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Aarhus University, Denmark [email protected] Supervisor: Associate Professor Jens M. Olesen Cover photograph: Dorte Nyhagen Introduction Why megabats? A brief explanation of my experiences with megabats. I first came across megabats when studying for my honours project at Aberdeen University under the supervision of Professor Paul Racey – an intimidating yet extremely likeable giant of the bat world. I was to study Pteropus rodricensis, the famed golden fruit bat, endemic to the island of Rodrigues; a tiny far-flung speck in the Indian Ocean, politically aligned with Mauritius. I had some idea of what to expect, but no firm plans of how to carry out my studies, relying instead on my confident ability to improvise. Upon arrival, the island presented itself as a catalogue of environmental short-sightedness and ecological collapse, yet the fruit bats clung on to their perilous existence, saved from extinction by the irregular topography of some parts of the island. In a near- vertical and densely vegetated gorge, the bats could roost in peace during the day, flying to their feeding sites each evening at dusk, their destinations presumably carefully planned the previous night. I quickly came to realise a number of problems inherently linked with the study of fruit-bats. Firstly, they’re nocturnal. This presents a whole host of difficulties, not least of which being the absence of daylight. Secondly, there was no way in which to access their roost site, and even if I could, my clumsy approach would disturb them. -
A Phylogenetic Tree for Pteropus and Related Genera (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) ⇑ Francisca C
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 77 (2014) 83–95 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Each flying fox on its own branch: A phylogenetic tree for Pteropus and related genera (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) ⇑ Francisca C. Almeida a, ,1, Norberto P. Giannini a,b, Nancy B. Simmons a, Kristofer M. Helgen c a American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Mammalogy, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, United States b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Faculdad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo, 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina c Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, United States article info abstract Article history: Pteropodidae is a diverse Old World family of non-echolocating, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats that Received 20 December 2013 includes the flying foxes (genus Pteropus) and allied genera. The subfamily Pteropodinae includes the Revised 9 March 2014 largest living bats and is distributed across an immense geographic range from islands in East Africa to Accepted 11 March 2014 the Cook Islands of Polynesia. These bats are keystone species in their ecosystems and some carry zoo- Available online 22 March 2014 notic diseases that are increasingly a focus of interest in biomedical research. Here we present a compre- hensive phylogeny for pteropodines focused on Pteropus. The analyses included 50 of the 63 species of Keywords: Pteropus and 11 species from 7 related genera. We obtained sequences of the cytochrome b and the 12S Pteropus rRNA mitochondrial genes for all species and sequences of the nuclear RAG1, vWF, and BRCA1 genes for a Pteropodidae Chiroptera subsample of taxa. -
American Museum Novitates
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3950, 24 pp. April 13, 2020 A Species-level Phylogeny of Old World Fruit Bats with a New Higher-level Classifcation of the Family Pteropodidae FRANCISCA CUNHA ALMEIDA,1,2 NANCY B. SIMMONS,3 AND NORBERTO P. GIANNINI3,4,5 ABSTRACT Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Pteropodidae) are a diverse radiation endemic to the tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and nearby island archipelagos. Recent molec- ular analyses have provided considerable resolution of phylogenetic relationships within this group, but many points of uncertainty have remained including the position of several enig- matic taxa (e.g., Notopteris, Eidolon), relationships among species in more diverse subfamilies and genera (e.g., Pteropodinae, Pteropus, Epomophorus), and topology of the backbone of the tree. Here we provide a new, synthetic analysis including representatives of all 45 currently recognized genera and enhanced sampling in several speciose genera. Our matrix included four nuclear genes regions (vWF, RAG1, RAG2, and BRCA1) and four mitochondrial gene loci (Cytb, tRNA valine, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) for a total of >8000 bp including new sequence data for 13 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees supporting recognition of six main suprageneric clades similar in content to those identifed in our previ- ous studies. We did not recover strong support for relationships among the main clades along 1 Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.