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D'alger "La Protégée De Dieu"
LA VILLE D'ALGER "La protégée de Dieu" Préfacé par “la Lettre” de M. TAYEB ZITOUNI APC ALGER CENTRE Rédaction des textes : Nadia ZAID - Samira AMOKRANE - Kamel TAZAIRT Directeur Artistique : Djalil ZAID • Conception Graphique : Hamid MAHMOUD BACHA Photographies : Djamal HADJ AISSA • Secrétariat : Mme Assia BELAID Réalisation et Impression : CDSP Copyright d’ouvrage ©2004 CDSP > Copyright textes ©2004 CDSP _____________________________________________________________ Tous droits de traduction, de réédition, d’impression et d’adaptation, sont réservés pour tous pays SOMMAIRE Lettre du président d’APC 7 I - Cadre physique 11 •Localisation géographique •Délimitation administrative •Relief •Cimat •Infrastructures hôtelières •Artisanat •Art culinaire •Fêtes et festivals II - Histoire 18 •ORIGINE DE L’APPELLATION •ORIGINE DE LA POPULATION •ALGER, AU TOUT DEBUT •IKOSIM LA PUNIQUE •ICOSIUM LA ROMAINE •LA PERIODE ISLAMIQUE •LA FONDATION D’EL DJEZAÏR BENI MEZGHENNA •LES HAMMADITES •LES ALMORAVIDES •LES ALMOHADES •LES FRERES IBN GHANIA •LES HAFCIDES •LES THAALEBA •LA REBELLION D’EL DJEZAÏR •IBN ALLAN ET LES MERINIDES •LES ABDELOUADIDES A EL DJEZAÏR •LES DEBUTS DE LA COURSE •CHEÏKH SALEM, GOUVERNEUR D’EL DJEZAÏR •LE REGNE DES THAALEBA •L’ARRIVEE DES ANDALOUS •LA PRISE D’EL DJEZAÏR PAR LES ESPAGNOLS •LES FRERES BARBEROUSSE •ARROUDJ •KHEIR EDDINE BARBEROUSSE •EL DJEZAÏR, SOUS LES BEYLERBEYS •HASSAN AGHA •HASSAN IBN DE KHEIR EDDINE •SALAH RAÏS •HASSAN CORSO ET LE PACHA TERKERLI • LE RETOUR DE HASSAN IBN KHEIR EDDINE •MOHAMED IBN SALAH RAIS •EULDJ ALI -
Piracy: the World's Third-Oldest Profession
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 63 Article 7 Number 63 Fall 2010 4-1-2010 Piracy: The orW ld's Third-Oldest Profession Laina Farhat-Holzman [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Farhat-Holzman, Laina (2010) "Piracy: The orldW 's Third-Oldest Profession," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 63 : No. 63 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol63/iss63/7 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Farhat-Holzman: Piracy: The World's Third-Oldest Profession Dear Readers: We are instituting with this issue a new type of article: the Historic Review Essay. The process for publishing essays will run parallel to that now existing for peer reviewed papers, but the essays will not be submitted for anonymous peer review. The point of the essays will be to present challenging or thought-provoking theories or ideas or histories that may not necessarily be congruent with prevailing scholarship. The essays will be read and scheduled by the editorial board of the journal. The first such essay is printed below. Joseph Drew HISTORIC REVIEW ESSAY Piracy: The World's Third-Oldest Profession Laina Farhat-Holzman [email protected] The world has seen a reemergence of piracy during the past few decades—an activity that had seemed obsolete. I propose exploring the origins of piracy, its most significant appearances during history, and its strange modern reincarnation. -
A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself. -
El Oído Pensante, Vol
Article / Artículo / Artigo An Ethnomusicological Approach to Orientalism: The Musical and Historical Study of the Moors and Christians in Villena (Spain) Luis Gimenez Amoros, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Abstract This article examines the historical and musical forms of Orientalism found in the festival popularly known as Moros y cristianos (the Moors and Christians) in Spain and, in particular, the town of Villena in the province of Alicante. Since the 12th century, this traditional festival is mostly celebrated in towns along the eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain which includes Villena. The contextualization of this festival through Orientalism provides an understanding of the exoticization of Muslim-Spanish music through the música festera (the music composed for Moros y cristianos), a musical style with more than four thousand pieces composed by more than three hundred Spanish composers over the course of the last two centuries. This article reveals by conducting ethnomusicological studies using Orientalism, there is a possibility of reconsidering the colonial narrative embedded in the cultural and musical symbolism of música festera. Keywords: Orientalism, Moros y cristianos, música festera, Spanish-Muslim history, Ethnomusicology Un enfoque etnomusicológico del orientalismo: el estudio musical e histórico de las fiestas de Moros y cristianos en Villena (España) Resumen Este artículo examina aspectos históricos y musicales de las fiestas de Moros y cristianos a través del concepto del orientalismo en España y, en particular, en la ciudad de Villena, provincia de Alicante. Desde el siglo XII, estas fiestas tradicionales se celebran sobre todo en las ciudades españolas que se encuentran alrededor de la cuenca mediterránea, incluida la ciudad de Villena. -
The Ocean in the Atlantic: British Experience and Imagination in an Imperial Sea, Ca
The Ocean in the Atlantic: British Experience and Imagination in an Imperial Sea, ca. 1600-1800 Heather Rose Weidner Chino Hills, California BA, Swarthmore College, 2000 MA, University of Virginia, 2002 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Virginia May, 2014 i Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Abbreviations vi Images vii 1. Introduction: Maritime, Anxious, Godly, and Sociable 1 2. Sing a Song of Shipwrecks 28 3. Between Wind and Water 95 4. Wrecked 166 5. To Aid Poor Sailors 238 6. Conclusion: God speed the barge 303 Appendix 1 315 Appendix 2 322 Bibliography 323 ii Abstract For Britons in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, “the Atlantic” was not a field of study -- it was an ocean. In this dissertation I argue for an environmentally minded Atlantic history, one that is conscious of the ocean as both a cultural and a physical presence. The ocean shaped an early modern Atlantic vernacular that was at its essence maritime, godly, anxious and sociable. The ocean was a conduit to empire, so anything Britons imagined about the oceans, they imagined about their empire as well. Britons could never fully master their empire because they could never master the ocean; it was source of anxiety for even the wealthiest merchants. The fear of extremity – of wreck and ruin – kept those who crossed the ocean focused on the three most valuable Atlantic commodities: a sound reputation, accurate information, and the mercy of God. -
Orhan Kolog˘Lu RENEGADES and the CASE ULUÇ/KILIÇ ALI ·
Orhan Kolog˘lu RENEGADES AND THE CASE · ULUÇ/KILIÇ ALI In the history of the Mediterranean region, the Renegade of the Christians who becomes a Mühtedi by joining the Muslim religion, has played an important role. In European languages the Renegade is the person who abandons Christianity for a different faith. The Mühtedi, on the other hand, according to Muslim and Turkish communities, is the person of another faith who embraces Islam. Since Islam began to spread 600 years after Christianity, it gathered its early followers among pagans, a few Jews but especially Christians. Its rapid spread over Syria, Egypt, North Africa, Sicily, Spain and into central France indicates that all Mediterranean communities were largely affected by the religion. Christianity, which had become the domineering and ruling faith through Papacy and the Byzantine Empire, was now lar- gely disturbed by this competitor. For this reason, it was only natural that both sides scrutinized the Renegade/Mühtedi very closely. The concern of one side in losing a believer matched the concern of the other side in preventing the loss of the Mühtedi, who is then called a Mürted (apostate, the verb is irtidad). European research on this subject outweighs the research done by Muslims, because renegades had not only been, quantitative-wise, many times more than mürteds, but also they played more important roles as history-makers in the Mediterranean. Muslim indifference to their past is easily understandable because the interest was focused only on their activities as Muslims. However, European research bears the mark of the Christian perspective and has a reactionary approach. -
The Greek World
THE GREEK WORLD THE GREEK WORLD Edited by Anton Powell London and New York First published 1995 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Disclaimer: For copyright reasons, some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1997 Selection and editorial matter © 1995 Anton Powell, individual chapters © 1995 the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Greek World I. Powell, Anton 938 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data The Greek world/edited by Anton Powell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Greece—Civilization—To 146 B.C. 2. Mediterranean Region— Civilization. 3. Greece—Social conditions—To 146 B.C. I. Powell, Anton. DF78.G74 1995 938–dc20 94–41576 ISBN 0-203-04216-6 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-16276-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-06031-1 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-17042-7 (pbk) CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Notes on Contributors viii List of Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 Anton Powell PART I: THE GREEK MAJORITY 1 Linear -
Heraklion (Greece)
Research in the communities – mapping potential cultural heritage sites with potential for adaptive re-use – Heraklion (Greece) The island of Crete in general and the city of Heraklion has an enormous cultural heritage. The Arab traders from al-Andalus (Iberia) who founded the Emirate of Crete moved the island's capital from Gortyna to a new castle they called rabḍ al-ḫandaq in the 820s. This was Hellenized as Χάνδαξ (Chándax) or Χάνδακας (Chándakas) and Latinized as Candia, the Ottoman name was Kandiye. The ancient name Ηράκλειον was revived in the 19th century and comes from the nearby Roman port of Heracleum ("Heracles's city"), whose exact location is unknown. English usage formerly preferred the classicizing transliterations "Heraklion" or "Heraclion", but the form "Iraklion" is becoming more common. Knossos is located within the Municipality of Heraklion and has been called as Europe's oldest city. Heraklion is close to the ruins of the palace of Knossos, which in Minoan times was the largest centre of population on Crete. Knossos had a port at the site of Heraklion from the beginning of Early Minoan period (3500 to 2100 BC). Between 1600 and 1525 BC, the port was destroyed by a volcanic tsunami from nearby Santorini, leveling the region and covering it with ash. The present city of Heraklion was founded in 824 by the Arabs under Abu Hafs Umar. They built a moat around the city for protection, and named the city rabḍ al-ḫandaq, "Castle of the Moat", Hellenized as Χάνδαξ, Chandax). It became the capital of the Emirate of Crete (ca. -
The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol
The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus. -
Experiencias De Intervención E Investigación: Buenas Prácticas, Alianzas Y Amenazas I Especialización En Patrimonio Cultural Sumergido Cohorte 2021
Experiencias de intervención e investigación: buenas prácticas, alianzas y amenazas I Especialización en Patrimonio Cultural Sumergido Cohorte 2021 Filipe Castro Bogotá, April 2021 2012-2014 Case Study 1 Gnalić Shipwreck (1569-1583) Jan Brueghel the Elder, 1595 The Gnalić ship was a large cargo ship built in Venice for the merchants Benedetto da Lezze, Piero Basadonna and Lazzaro Mocenigo. Suleiman I (1494-1566) Selim II (1524-1574 Murad III (1546-1595) Mehmed III (1566-1603) It was launched in 1569 and rated at 1,000 botti, a capacity equivalent to around 629 t, which corresponds to a length overall close to 40 m (Bondioli and Nicolardi 2012). Early in 1570, the Gnalić ship transported troops to Cyprus (which fell to the Ottomans in July). War of Cyprus (1570-1573): in spite of losing the Battle of Lepanto (Oct 7 1571), Sultan Selim II won Cyprus, a large ransom, and a part of Dalmatia. In 1571 the Gnalić ship fell into Ottoman hands. Sultan Selim II (1566-1574), son of Suleiman the Magnificent, expanded the Ottoman Empire and won the War of Cyprus (1570-1573). Giovanni Dionigi Galeni was born in Calabria, southern Italy, in 1519. In 1536 he was captured by one of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha’s captains and engaged in the galleys as a slave. In 1541 Giovanni Galeni converted to Islam and became a corsair. His skills and leadership capacity eventually made him Bey of Algiers and later Grand Admiral in the Ottoman fleet, with the name Uluç Ali Reis. He died in 1587. In late July 1571 Uluç Ali encountered a large armed merchantman near Corfu: it was the Moceniga, Leze, & Basadonna, captained by Giovanni Tomaso Costanzo (1554-1581), a 16 years old Venetian condottiere (captain of a mercenary army), descendent from a famous 14th century condottiere named Iacomo Spadainfaccia Costanzo, and from Francesco Donato, who was Doge of Venice from 1545 to 1553. -
Ottoman Macedonia (Late 14Th – Late 17Th Century)
VI. Ottoman Macedonia (late 14th – late 17th century) by Phokion Kotzageorgis 1. The Ottoman conquest The Ottoman period in Macedonia begins with the region’s conquest in the late 14th cen- tury.1 The Ottoman victory against the combined Serb forces at Çirmen in Evros in 1371 was the turning point that permitted the victors to proceed with ease towards the west and, around a decade later, to cross the river Nestos and enter the geographic region of Mace- donia. 1383 marked their first great victory in Macedonia, the fall of the important administrative centre of Serres.2 By the end of the century all the strategically important Macedonian cities had been occupied (Veroia, Monastir, Vodena, Thessaloniki).3 The process by which the city of Thessaloniki was captured was somewhat different than for the others: it was initially given to the Ottomans in 1387 – after a siege of four years – and re- mained autonomous for a period. In 1394 it was fully incorporated into the Ottoman state, only to return to Byzantine hands in 1403 with the agreement they made with the Otto- mans, drawn up after the (temporary) collapse of the Ottoman state.4 In 1423 the Byzantine governor of the city, Andronikos Palaiologos, handed it over to the Venetians, and the en- suing Venetian period in Thessaloniki lasted for seven years. On 29 March 1430, the Ottoman regiments under Murad II raided and occupied the city, incorporating it fully into their state.5 Ioannis Anagnostis, eyewitness to Thessaloniki’s fall, described the moment at which the Ottomans entered the city:6 Because in those parts they found a number of our people, pluckier than the others and with large stones, they threw them down, along with the stairways, and killed many of them. -
Muslims in Spain, 1492–1814 Mediterranean Reconfigurations Intercultural Trade, Commercial Litigation, and Legal Pluralism
Muslims in Spain, 1492– 1814 Mediterranean Reconfigurations Intercultural Trade, Commercial Litigation, and Legal Pluralism Series Editors Wolfgang Kaiser (Université Paris I, Panthéon- Sorbonne) Guillaume Calafat (Université Paris I, Panthéon- Sorbonne) volume 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ cmed Muslims in Spain, 1492– 1814 Living and Negotiating in the Land of the Infidel By Eloy Martín Corrales Translated by Consuelo López- Morillas LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “El embajador de Marruecos” (Catalog Number: G002789) Museo del Prado. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Martín Corrales, E. (Eloy), author. | Lopez-Morillas, Consuelo, translator. Title: Muslims in Spain, 1492-1814 : living and negotiating in the land of the infidel / by Eloy Martín-Corrales ; translated by Consuelo López-Morillas. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2021] | Series: Mediterranean reconfigurations ; volume 3 | Original title unknown. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020046144 (print) | LCCN 2020046145 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004381476 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004443761 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Muslims—Spain—History. | Spain—Ethnic relations—History.