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The Greek World THE GREEK WORLD THE GREEK WORLD Edited by Anton Powell London and New York First published 1995 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Disclaimer: For copyright reasons, some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1997 Selection and editorial matter © 1995 Anton Powell, individual chapters © 1995 the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Greek World I. Powell, Anton 938 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data The Greek world/edited by Anton Powell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Greece—Civilization—To 146 B.C. 2. Mediterranean Region— Civilization. 3. Greece—Social conditions—To 146 B.C. I. Powell, Anton. DF78.G74 1995 938–dc20 94–41576 ISBN 0-203-04216-6 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-16276-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-06031-1 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-17042-7 (pbk) CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Notes on Contributors viii List of Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 Anton Powell PART I: THE GREEK MAJORITY 1 Linear B as a source for social history 7 J.T.Hooker 2 The economics and politics of slavery at Athens 27 Robin Osborne 3 Hybris, status and slavery 44 Nick Fisher 4 Non-aristocratic elements in archaic poetry 85 Alan Griffiths 5 The place of the poet in archaic society 104 Rosalind Thomas 6 The Greek novel: towards a sociology of production and reception 130 J.R.Morgan 7 Politics and the battlefield: ideology in Greek warfare 153 Hans van Wees 8 Greek piracy 179 Philip de Souza 9 Medical texts as a source for women’s history 199 Helen King 10 Women and bastardy in ancient Greece and the Hellenistic world 219 Daniel Ogden v — Contents — 11 Athens’ pretty face: anti-feminine rhetoric and fifth-century controversy over the Parthenon 245 Anton Powell PART II: GREEKS (AND NON-GREEKS) AT THE MARGINS 12 Herodotus on Egyptian buildings: a test case 273 Alan B.Lloyd 13 Beyond the polis: women and economic opportunity in early Ptolemaic Egypt 301 Jane Rowlandson 14 Why Philip won 323 Earl McQueen 15 The Greeks in the West and the Hellenization of Italy 347 Kathryn Lomas 16 Rome in the Greek world: the significance of a name 368 Andrew Erskine PART III: GREEKS AND THEIR PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 17 Diet, diaita and dietetics 387 Elizabeth Craik 18 Greek engineering: the case of Eupalinos’ tunnel 403 T.E.Rihll and J.V.Tucker 19 Barbers’ shops and perfume shops: ‘symposia without wine’ 432 Sian Lewis 20 Bionic statues 442 Nigel Spivey PART IV: RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY 21 Greek sacrifice: forms and functions 463 A.M.Bowie 22 Early Orphism 483 Robert Parker 23 Order, interaction, authority: ways of looking at Greek religion 511 Emily Kearns 24 Ionian inquiries: on understanding the Presocratic beginnings of science 530 Edward Hussey 25 Law and society in Thucydides 550 Simon Swain 26 Plato’s objections to the sophists 568 T.H.Irwin 27 Plato on women in the Laws 591 T.J.Saunders Index 610 vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 12.1 The Gîza necropolis showing pyramid complexes. Figure 12.2 The internal structure of the Great Pyramid. Figure 12.3 Sketch plan of the ruin mounds of Memphis. Figure 12.4 The chapel tombs of the divine votresses at Medinet Habu. Figure 13.1 Map of Egypt in the Early Ptolemaic period. Figure 16.1 Coin portrait of Flamininus. Figure 16.2 Didrachm from Locri. Figure 18.1 Eupalinos’ tunnel. Figure 18.2 The tunnel and environs. Figure 18.3 The junction. Figure 18.4 The junction in plan and elevation. Figure 18.5 Hero’s method for finding the alignment. Figure 18.6 South entrance. Figure 18.7 North entrance. Figure 18.8 The north tunnel. Figure 18.9 The shaft. Figure 18.10 Samos fortifications. Figure 18.11 One of the towers. Figure 20.1 ‘La passione di Roma’: advertisement for Fendi perfume. Figure 20.2 Attic red-figure amphora, by the Dwarf Painter. Figure 20.3 Part of the frieze from the Temple of Apollo at Bassai, c. 420 BC. Figures 20.4 Fragments of an Apulian calyx-krater, by the Painter of the Birth of and 20.5 Dionysus. vii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS A.M.Bowie is Lobel Fellow and Praelector in Classics at Queen’s College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in Classics. He is the author of The Poetic Dialect of Sappho and Alcaeus (1981) and of Aristophanes: Myth, Ritual and Comedy (1993), as well as articles on Greek and Latin literature, religion and culture. Elizabeth Craik is Senior Lecturer in Greek at the University of St Andrews. Her publications include The Dorian Aegean (1980), Marriage and Property (ed., 1984), Euripides’ ‘Phoenician Women’ (1988), Owls to Athens (ed., 1990) and numerous articles on Greek literature, religion and society. Andrew Erskine is a lecturer in the Department of Classics, University College Dublin. He is the author of The Hellenistic Stoa: Political Thought and Action (1990). Nick Fisher is Senior Lecturer in the School of History and Archaeology, University of Wales, Cardiff. His main research interests are in the political, social and cultural history of ancient Greece. His publications include Hybris (1992), Slavery in Ancient Greece (1993), a source-book Social Values in Classical Athens (1976) and numerous articles and reviews on ancient politics, literature and social institutions. Alan Griffiths is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Greek and Latin in the Centre for the Classical World at University College London. Areas of special interest include archaic Greek poetry; the role played by myth in art and literature; Herodotus; the Hellenistic poets and their Roman followers; computers; and symposia. J.T.Hooker was Reader in the Department of Greek, University College London. His publications included Mycenaean Greece (1976), The Ancient Spartans (1980) and Studies in Honour of T.B.L.Webster (ed. with J.H.Betts and J.R.Green, 1988). J.T.Hooker died in 1992. Edward Hussey is Lecturer in Ancient Philosophy at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of All Souls College. His publications include The Presocratics (1972), Aristotle: Physics III and IV (1982), and essays and articles on the Presocratic philosophers and on Aristotle. T.H.Irwin is a Professor of Philosophy, Cornell University. He is the author of Plato’s viii — Notes on contributors — Gorgias (tr. with notes, 1979), Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics (tr., 1985), Aristotle’s First Principles (1988), Classical Thought (1989) and Plato’s Ethics (1995). Emily Kearns is Lecturer in Classics at St Hilda’s College, Oxford. She is the author of The Heroes of Attica (1989) and of articles on various aspects of Greek religion. Helen King has been a Senior Lecturer in History at Liverpool Institute of Higher Education since 1988. She previously held research fellowships at Newnham College, Cambridge, and at the University of Newcastle. She has published widely on women and medicine in the classical world, and has also worked on early modern midwifery and on the classical tradition. She is a co-author (with S.Gilman et al.) of Hysteria Beyond Freud (1993). Sian Lewis is Tutor in Ancient History at University College, Swansea. She is the author of News and Society in the Greek Polis, to be published by Duckworth. Alan B.Lloyd is Professor and Head of the Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Wales, Swansea. He edited the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1979– 85) and currently edits the archaeological memoirs of the Egypt Exploration Society, of which he is Chairman. His publications on classical and Egyptological subjects include a three-volume commentary on Herodotus Book II (1975–88). Kathryn Lomas holds a Leverhulme Special Research Fellowship at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. She is the author of Rome and the Western Greeks. Conquest and Acculturation in Southern Italy (1993), Roman Italy: A Sourcebook (forthcoming) and numerous articles on the history and archaeology of Roman Italy, and is co- editor (with T.J.Cornell) of Urban Society in Roman Italy (1994) and Gender and Ethnicity in the Roman World (forthcoming). Earl McQueen has been a lecturer in Classics and ancient history at the University of Bristol since 1964. He is the author of a commentary on Demosthenes’ Olynthiacs as well as articles on Greek history in various journals and collections. A translation and historical commentary on Diodorus Siculus Book XVI is currently in press. J.R.Morgan is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Wales, Swansea. He has made a speciality of the study of ancient fiction, and has published extensively on the subject. He translated the Ethiopian Story of Heliodoros for Collected Ancient Greek Novels (1989) and, with Richard Stoneman, edited the collection of essays (two by himself) Greek Fiction: the Greek Novel in Context (1994). Daniel Ogden is Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Wales, Swansea, and was previously Stipendiary Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature at New College, Oxford. He is the author of a number of articles on Greek culture and of two forthcoming books: Greek Bastardy (OUP) and The Crooked Kings of Ancient Greece (Duckworth).
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