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The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus. Done into English in the year 1600, by John Pory, and now edited, with an introduction and notes, by Dr. Robert Brown.Translation of Della descritiione dell'Africa et delle cose notabili che ivi sono, which was edited on the basis of the author's original text (probably written in Italian) by G. B. Ramusio and first published in Venice in 1550. Format extent 431 pages (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 http://www.aluka.org WORKS ISSUED BY tbe Fbah 2ut !ocietV. 0 THE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF AFRICA OF LEO AFRICANUS. VOL. III. No. XCIV. THE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF AFRICA AND OF THE NOTABLE THINGS THEREIN CONTAINED, WRITTEN BY AL-HASSAN IBN-MOHAMMED AL-WEZAZ AL-FASI, A MOOR, BAPTISED AS GIOVANNI LEONE, BUT BETTER KNOWN AS LEO AFRICANUS. DONE INTO ENGLISH IN THE YEAR i6oo, BY JOHN PORY, aubd nob) tbitteb, btitj an tlntroburtion anlb gote, BY DR. ROBERT BROWN. IN THREE VOLUMES.-VOL. III. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY, 4, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, W.C. M.DCCCXCV. LONDON: PRINTED AT -'HR BEDFORD PRESS, 20 AND 21, BEDFORDBURY, W.C. COUNCIL OF THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY. SIR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, K.C.B., F.R.S., Pres. R.G.S., PRESIDENT. THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD STANLEY OF ALDERLEY, VICE- PRESIDENT. SIR A. WOLLASTON FRANKS, K.C.B., F.R.S., VICE- PRESIDENT. 0. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, ESQ., M.A. MILLER CHRISTY, ESQ. COLONEL G. EARL CHURCH. THE RIGHT HON. GEORGE N. CURZON, M.P. ALBERT GRAY, ESQ. THE RIGHT HON. LORD HAWKESBURY. EDWARD HEAWOOD, ESQ., M.A. ADMIRAL SIR ANTHONY H. HOSKINS, K.C.B. REAR-ADMIRAL ALBERT H. MARKHAM. A. P. MAUDSLAY, ESQ. E. DELMAR MORGAN, ESQ. CAPTAIN NATHAN, R.E. ADMIRAL SIR E. OMMANNEY, C.B., F.R.S. CUTHBERT E. PEEK, ESQ. E. G. RAVENSTEIN, ESQ. COUTTS TROTTER, ESQ. REAR-ADMIRAL W. J. L. WHARTON, C.B., R.N. WILLIAM FOSTER, ESQ., Honorary Secretary. CONTENTS. VOLUME III. PAGE THE FIFTH BOOK 699 Notes to Book V 745 THE SIXTH BOOK 773 Notes to Book VI 803 THE SEVENTH BOOK 819 Notes to Book VII 838 THE EIGHTH BOOK 855 Notes to Book VIII . 9o6 THENINTHBOOK 927 PORY's RELATION OF THE GREAT PRINCES OF AFRICA 973 HIS DISCOURSE OF THE RELIGIONS PROFESSED THERE . Tooi AND OF THE FORTRESSES AND COLONIES MAINTAINED THERE BY THE SPANIARDS AND PORTUGUESE io64 INDEX OF PLACES *1073 INDEX OF PERSONS, ETC. I io6 IOHN LEO HIS FIFTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Africa, and of the memorable fhings contained therein. A describtion of the kingdomes of Bugia and Tunis. Hen as in the former part of this my historie I diuided Barbaria into certaine parts, I determined to write of Bugia as of a kingdome by it selfe: and I found indeed that not many yeeres ago it was a kingdome. For Bugia was subject to the king of Tunis, and albeit for certaine yeeres the king of Telensin was Lord thereof, yet was it at length recouered againe by the king of Tunis, who committed the gouernment of the city vnto one of his sons, both for the tranquillitie of Bugia., and also that no discord might happen among his sonnes after his decease. He left behinde him three sonnes, the eldest whereof was called Habdulhaziz, and vnto him he bequeathed the kingdome of Bugia, as is aforesaide: vnto the second, whose name was Hutnen, he left the kingdome of Tunis: and the third called Hammare, he made gouernour of the region of dates. This Hammare began foorthwith to wage warre against his brother Huthnen, by whom being at length taken in the towne of Asfacos, & YY2 THE FIFTH BOOKE OF THE depriued of both his eies, he was carried captiue vnto Tunis, where he liued many yeeres blinde: but his brother Hutmen gouerned the kingdome of Tunis full fortie yeeres. The prince of Bugia being most louing and dutifull to his brother, raigned for many yeeres with great tranquilitie, till at length he was by king Ferdinand of Spaine, and by the meanes of one Pedro de Nauarra, cast out of his kingdome.1 A description of the great citie of Bugia. T His auncient citie of Bugia built (as some thinke) by the Romans, vpon the side of an high mountaine, neere vnto the Mediterran sea, is enuironed with walles of great height, and most stately in regard of their antiquitie. The part thereof now peopled containeth aboue eight thousand families: but if it were all replenished with buildings, it were capeable of more then fower and twentie thousand housholds, for it is of a great length. The houses, temples, and colleges of this citie are most sumptuously built. Professors of liberall sciences heere are great store, whereof some teach matters pertaining to the lawe, and others professe naturall Philosophie. Neither Monasteries, Innes, nor Hospitals erected after their manner are heere wanting: and their market place is very large and faire: their streetes either descend or ascend, which is verie troublesome to them that haue any busines in the towne. In that part of the citie next vnto the toppe of the mountaine standeth a strong castle, most sumptuously and beautifully walled: and there are such notable letters and pictures most artificially carued vpon the plaister-worke and timber, that they are thought to haue cost much more then the building of the wall it selfe.2 The citizens were exceeding rich, and vsed with their warlike gallies continually to molest the coasts of Spaine ; which was the occasion of the vtter ouerthrowe of their citie. For Pedro de Nauarra 700 IIISTORIE OF AFRICA. was sent against them with a fleete of fowerteene sailes onely. The citizens being addicted whollie to pleasure The citieof Bugia taken by and ease, and being terrified with the rumour of warre, Pedro de bicause they were neuer exercised therein, were no sooner aduertised of Pedro de Nauarra his approch, but al of them togither with their king betooke themselues to flight, and left their citie abounding with all kinde of riches and wealth, to bee spoiled by the Spaniards, so that it was easily taken, in the yeere of Mahomet his Hegeira nine hundred and seuenteene.3 Soone after Pedro de Nauarra hauing sacked the citie, built a strong forte vpon the sea shore, and repaired an other which had lien a long time. waste, furnishing them both with soldiers and munition. And sixe yeeres after, Barbarossa the Turke being desirous to winne this citie from the Christians, and hauing leuied onely a thousand soldiers, tooke the old forte, bicause he was fauoured by the inhabitants of all the mountaines adiacent: wherein hauing placed a garrison, he attempted to winne the other fort also: but at his first encounter he lost an hundred of his principall Turkes, & fower hundred of the mountainers that came to aide him; insomuch that Barbarossa was enforced to flie vnto the castle of Gegel, as is aforesaid. Of the Castle of Gegel. T His ancient castle built by the Africans, vpon an high rocke by the Mediterran sea, is distant about threescore miles from Bugia. Families it containeth to the number of flue hundred; and the buildings thereof are very base. The inhabitants are of a trustie and ingenuous disposition, and do most of them exercise husbandrie: howbeit their fieldes are but barren, and apt onely for barly, flaxe, and hempe. They haue great store of figs and nuts, which they vse to carrie in certaine barkes vnto Tunis, They haue in despight of the kings of Bugia 701 THE FIFTH BOOKE OF THE and Tunis continued alwaies free from tribute: for that impregnable mountaine can be surprised by no siege nor encounter of the enimie. At length they yeelded themselues vnto Barbarossa, who dernaunded none other tribute of them, but onely the tenths of certaine fruits and come.4 Of the towne of Mesila.
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    CASABLANCA FINANCE CITY Your Gateway to Africa’s Potential CFC Presentation 1 2 Presentation 3 AFRICA IS ARISING AS THE WORLD’S FASTEST GROWING CONTINENT WITH TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES 24 African countries will grow at a CAGR of at least 5% by 2030 Casablanca Tunisia 3 out of 4 newborns in 2100 Morocco 70% of African households will have a purchasing power will be African Algeria Libya Egypt higher than $50001 in 2025 Mauritania Mali Niger Senegal Chad Eritrea Gambia Djibouti Sudan Guinea Bissau Burkina Guinea Sierra Central Somalia Ghana Nigeria Ethiopia Leone Ivory African Liberia Coast Republic Cameroon Benin Uganda Equatorial DRC Kenya TogoGuinea Gabon Rwanda Congo Booming working age Burundi Tanzania population Increasing urbanisation: Malawi Mozambique 100 African cities with over 1 Angola Zambia million inhabitants in 2025 Comoros Zimbabwe Namibia Botswana Madagascar Swaziland Lesotho South Africa Massive infrastructure needs: ~$90 billion dollars/year until 4 2020 1: In purchasing power parity MOROCCO HOLDS A STRONG POSITION AS A HUB, THANKS TO ITS: STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES • Political stability • World class infrastructure • Air connectivity • Privileged geographical position STRONG PRESENCE IN AFRICA DISTINGUISHED ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS • Several Moroccan companies rooted • Macroeconomic stability in Africa • Investment grade • Strong financial sector • Free trade agreements giving • Multisectoral experience access to a market of more than one billion consumers 5 WHAT IS THE AIM OF CASABLANCA FINANCE CITY (CFC)? ... for 4 types of
  • The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt

    The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt

    OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT CULTURE AND REPRESENTATION General Editors Simon Price R. R. R. Smith Oliver Taplin OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT CULTURE AND REPRESENTATION Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation publishes signiWcant inter- disciplinary research into the visual, social, political, and religious cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world. The series includes work which combines diVerent kinds of representations which are usually treated separately. The overarching programme is to integrate images, monuments, texts, performances and rituals with the places, participants, and broader historical environment that gave them meaning. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion CHRISTINA RIGGS 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Christina Riggs 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.