Emodnet Sea Basin Checkpoints Lot N° 1 Arctic Ocean
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Ref. Ares(2018)1610569 - 23/03/2018 EMODnet Sea Basin Checkpoints Lot n° 1 Arctic Ocean Start date of the project: 16/06/2015 – 16/06/2018 EMODnet Phase III Adequacy of data available for the Arctic Sea Basin The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) is financed by the European Union under Regulation (EU) No 508/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. Sea Basin Checkpoints Lot n° 1 Arctic Ocean Adequacy of data available for the Arctic Sea Basin Disclaimer The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the EASME or of the European Commission. Neither the EASME, nor the European Commission, guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the EASME, the European Commission nor any person acting on the EASME's or on the European Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information. Document info Title Adequacy of data available for the Arctic Sea Basin WP title Data Adequacy Reporting Authors [affiliation] Pepijn de Vries (WMR), Jacqueline Tamis (WMR), Martine van den Heuvel- Greve (WMR), Peter Thijsse (MARIS) & Belinda Kater (Arcadis) Dissemination level Confidential (i.e. for project partners and EASME / European Commission only) Submission date 21/03/2018 2 Sea Basin Checkpoints Lot n° 1 Arctic Ocean Adequacy of data available for the Arctic Sea Basin Contents Summary ............................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 8 Acronyms and definitions ................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 EMODnet ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Thematic portals ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.2 Checkpoints ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 The Arctic SBC project ........................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Objective and scope ........................................................................................................... 12 2 The Arctic Sea Basin ...................................................................................... 14 2.1 The definition of the Arctic Ocean ........................................................................................ 14 2.2 Abiotic environment ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Bathymetry ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Water movement .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.4 Sea ice ........................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.5 Rivers and coast ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.3 Biotic environment ............................................................................................................. 20 2.3.1 The Arctic ecosystem .................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Primary production ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Invertebrates ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.4 Fishes ............................................................................................................................................ 21 2.3.5 Marine mammals .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Human activity ................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Shipping ........................................................................................................................................ 23 2.4.3 Oil & gas ........................................................................................................................................ 23 2.4.4 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.4.5 Tourism ......................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) ............................................................................................ 25 3 Monitoring effort in the Arctic Sea Basin ....................................................... 26 3.1 Overview of monitoring programs and databases .................................................................. 26 3 Sea Basin Checkpoints Lot n° 1 Arctic Ocean Adequacy of data available for the Arctic Sea Basin 3.2 Overview of datasets, data sources and parameters .............................................................. 27 3.3 EMODnet databases ........................................................................................................... 30 4 Literature review results ............................................................................... 32 4.1 Structured literature search results ...................................................................................... 32 4.2 Evaluation of literature review on inadequate data ................................................................ 32 5 Structure and coherence: The Content Management System ....................... 34 5.1 Introduction to the Content Management System .................................................................. 34 5.2 A framework for data management and assessment .............................................................. 34 5.2.1 Data sources .................................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.2 Datasets / parameters .................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.3 Assessment reports ....................................................................................................................... 36 1.3.1 Purposes ........................................................................................................................................ 36 5.2.4 Dataset quality .............................................................................................................................. 37 5.2.5 Dataset adequacy ......................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.6 Data adequacy assessment ........................................................................................................... 39 6 Challenge results ........................................................................................... 40 6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 40 6.2 Wind farm siting (WP02) ..................................................................................................... 41 6.2.1 Challenge description and main results ........................................................................................ 41 6.2.2 Data quality ................................................................................................................................... 45 6.2.3 Data adequacy .............................................................................................................................. 45 6.3 Marine protected areas (WP03) ........................................................................................... 47 6.3.1 Challenge description and main results ........................................................................................ 47 6.3.2 Data quality ................................................................................................................................... 50 6.3.3 Data adequacy .............................................................................................................................. 51 6.4