DOCSLIB.ORG

The Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel 2018/19

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HMS The Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center is engaged המרכז לחקר מדיניות ואסטרטגיה ימית in research on maritime strategy as part of Haifa University's Mari Poli Str Resear Center effort to lead the Israeli national research in maritime and sea science. The Center conducts academic research in the areas of regional security and foreign policy, the movement of goods, people and ideas, law, energy and the environment – all while MARITIME STRATEGIC EVALUATION examining their impact on the national security of the State of FOR ISRAEL 2018/19 Israel. Chief editor: Prof. Shaul Chorev The 'Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel, 2018-2019', Edited and produced by: Ehud Gonen reviewed the main changes in the maritime domain globally as well as regionally (East Mediterranean) The 'Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel' included action plans and policy Israel 2018/19 recommendations for decision makers which, in the opinion of the authors, can help Israel strengthen the sea component of for Israel's national security and promote the sea-related economy as a growth engine (blue growth) for the Israeli economy. The report was writen by researcher fellows from Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center at the University of Haifa, and researches from the University of Haifa who have a unique knowledge of these subjects. The Maritime Strategic Evaluation Evaluation Maritime Strategic The 9 789657 437773 HMS המרכז לחקר מדיניות ואסטרטגיה ימית Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center MARITIME STRATEGIC EVALUATION FOR ISRAEL 2018/19 Chief editor: Professor Shaul Chorev Edited and produced by: Ehud Gonen March 2019 Thanks and appreciations The Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center wishes to thank Dov (Berle) Shafir for his generous support which made possible the writing of this document. The Maritime Strategy Evaluation report, including the insights and recommendations included in it, are based on the personal experience and professional judgment of the authors, but do not necessarily represent the official position of the Center or of the Haifa University. Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center University of Haifa 199 Abba Hushi Avenue Har Hacarmel, Haifa 3498838 Tel: 04-8288757 Email: [email protected] Website: http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~hms Translated by: David Simmer, Yaakov Lappin Graphic design: Noga Yoselevich, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa © All rights reserved by the Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center ISBN 965-7437-77-3 Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center The center is developing knowledge in maritime strategy, focusing on Israel's maritime surroundings: the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The center does so in five core areas: (1) regional security and foreign policy, (2) the mobility of goods, people and ideas, (3) law, (4) energy (5) and the environment. The center was established in response to the of rising significance of the maritime domain both globally and in our region: the emerging strategic maritime competition between the United State and China, the expansion of exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and the crucial role of the seas in the international economic system both as a source of economic activity as well as serving as the world's main trade route. Our immediate environment saw a similar rise in the significance of the seas including the oil discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean, the evolution of the Israeli navy into a national strategic arm, Israel's total dependence on sea trade, and the growing realization that future development of national infrastructure may have to be done in the sea as land is becoming scarce. 4 Content Executive Summary 6 Global Developments in the Maritime Domain 15 Shaul Chorev The Naval War against the Houthis in Yemen 83 Eyal Pinko Strategic Implications of China's "Belt and Road" Initiative in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea for Israel and its Allies 92 Eyal Hayut and Ehud Gonen The Activity of the Russian Navy in 2018 the Middle East 96 Ido Gilad The Russian Northern Sea Route – Declarations and Reality 118 Tzevy Mirkin The Geopolitical Implications of the Trade War: a Theoretical Discussion 128 Nitzan Feldman Future U.S. Naval Capabilities 137 Seth Cropsey The Maritime Domain Policy: From Awareness to Reality 142 Ram Erez Developments in the Natural Gas Sector in Israel 155 Elai Rettig A Comparison of Oil and Gas Offshore Strategy between Norway and Israel 163 Amnon Portugaly An Update Regarding the Marine Areas Law, 5778-2017 Currently Under Review by the Economics Committee in Preparation for the Second and Third Reading in the Knesset 178 Orin Shefler A Defense Strategy for the Energy Facilities in the Maritime Environment: The Case of the Security Threats to the Dor Facility 198 Nir Zarchi Developments in the Construction of Artificial Islands and Floating Platforms during the Past Year 206 Moti Kalmar, Ehud Gonen The Activity in Israel’s Ports 212 Arie Gavish Where to for Israeli Shipping? 229 Arie Gavish, Zeev Leshem and Arieh Rona 5 The Strategic and National Implications of General Cargo and Bulk Shipping – Foreign trade as the mainstay of Israel’s economy and the importance of general and dry bulk cargo 238 Yoni Essakow Marine Pollution: Source, Response and Prevention 254 Galia Pasternak The Effect of the Jellyfish Proliferation – Ramifications on the National Level 269 Tamar Lotan Profession Naftali Heinz Wydra / An Exhibition in his Memory 280 Ido Gilad Summary of the Strategic Evaluation and Policy Recommendations 285 Shaul Chorev The Authors (according to the order of the chapters) 296 6 Executive Summary This is the fourth Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel published by the Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center since 2016 when the Board of Haifa University approved the establishment of the Center. The Center’s goal is to carry out research in regional security and foreign policy, the movement of cargo, people and ideas, law, energy and the environment, and to analyze their effect on Israel’s national security. The Center has set itself the goal of carrying out academic research as part of Haifa University’s effort to take a leading role in maritime research on a national level, alongside its desire to become a knowledge center for policy makers, public leaders and the Israeli public. An additional goal is to become part of the public discourse by publishing policy papers, organizing conferences and conduct media interviews. The Center also collaborates with leading think tanks in the maritime domain worldwide, as well as being involved in the training of young researchers in the field of maritime strategy. One of the objectives of the Center is to publish the annual Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel which focuses on the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea, though it also includes a review of global developments and trends in the maritime domain that are likely to have an influence on the Eastern Mediterranean region and on Israel in particular. The Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel includes recommendations to various policy makers, primarily those in Israel. In 2017, Haifa University approved the integration of the Wydra Institute for Shipping and Ports as a division within the Center, in the recognition of the importance of shipping and ports to Israel’s security, in the broadest sense of the term. In the 2018-2019 academic year, an academic program was introduced for a graduate degree in Political Science with a minor in National Security and Maritime Strategy in the Department for International Relations within the School for Political Science. The program adds another layer to the commitment that Haifa University has taken on itself to take a leading role in maritime studies in the framework of the Mediterranean Sea Research Center. The goal of the program is to provide its participants with knowledge, analytical tools and new research paradigms, as part of the adoption of a broad, multi-disciplinary approach that combines economic, social, environmental and technological dimensions, as derived—at least in part—from the emerging globalized world. These are closely tied to the maritime domain which is becoming an increasingly important component of Israel’s resilience and security. 7 The importance of the maritime domain as a component within Israel’s resilience has not yet gained sufficient recognition among the State’s leaders or in Israeli public opinion. This is not a phenomenon that is unique to Israel and even in the US, which has a vigorous maritime tradition, it is felt that before formulating a maritime strategy it is necessary to achieve Maritime Domain Awareness.1 In the case of Israel, the main characteristics that require the attention of leaders and the public are the following: Israel’s unique geostrategic position in the Eastern Mediterranean; the high proportion of the population that lives near the Mediterranean coast; the discovery of offshore gas fields; Israel’s complete dependence on seaborne trade (imports and exports); the growing share of desalinized water within Israel’s water supply; and the sea as the only possible location for new infrastructures and the evacuation of existing hazardous facilities from population centers. These characteristics have essentially made Israel into a “land island” that is totally dependent on the sea. Despite its growing dependence on the sea, the lack of maritime awareness in general leads to reactive policy, as occurred in the case of the natural gas discoveries within Israel’s maritime territory and
Recommended publications
  • Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And

    Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And

    Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources.
  • Tightening the Belt and Introspection – Preparing for the Cut in Shekel Aid

    Tightening the Belt and Introspection – Preparing for the Cut in Shekel Aid

    Tightening the Belt and Introspection – Preparing for the Cut in Shekel Aid Saul Bronfeld “The Israeli Navy was always hampered by limited budgets, but achieved smart solutions… It resembles a painter, a poet – [who] creates his greatest art only on an empty stomach.” Brigadier General (ret.) Shabtai Levy1 Introduction The conference at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv on the subject of the defense industries2 can be summarized in two sentences: first, the defense industries are very important to the IDF, the economy, and the country’s outlying areas; and second, a reduction of the shekel component in US aid will have a severe negative impact on Israel’s security, the economy, and the local defense industries. Echoing these statements, most of the speakers at the conference concurred that the reduction in shekel aid was another reason to increase the defense budget for local procurement, and the sooner the better. Brigadier General (res.) Prof. Jacob Nagel, who led the drawn-out negotiations with the American authorities, was the only speaker who argued that the reduction in the shekel aid budget should also prompt some self-reflection on the part of the defense establishment. To illustrate his remarks, he recalled the collapse of Kodak, which failed to identify in advance the changing environment in which it operated. Saul (Sam) Bronfeld is a research fellow at the Dado Center for Interdisciplinary Military Studies, IDF Operations Directorate. Israel’s Defense Industry and US Security Aid 95 Sasson Hadad, Tomer Fadlon, and Shmuel Even, Editors 96 I Saul Bronfeld This article follows Nagel’s argument, and points to a matter that was not raised, but that should be before the budget is reshuffled to deal with an emerging defense-economic problem.
  • Arrival of Sa'ar 6 Ships Marks Evolution of Israeli Naval Doctrine

    Arrival of Sa'ar 6 Ships Marks Evolution of Israeli Naval Doctrine

    Arrival of Sa’ar 6 Ships Marks Evolution of Israeli Naval Doctrine by Yaakov Lappin BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 1,893, January 19, 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The docking of the first of four German-made Sa’ar 6-class Israel Navy warships (dubbed Magen) at Haifa Naval Base marks the arrival of an advanced sea platform that will give Israel new capabilities to defend its critical offshore energy resources against a growing array of precision-guided enemy weaponry. The INS Magen, a German-made Sa’ar 6-class warship, arrived at Haifa Naval Base in early December 2020. It will be joined by the INS Oz in July of this year, and INS Atzmaut and INS Nitzhahon are scheduled to arrive in September and November. The ships are constructed by the German shipbuilder Thyssenkrupp, and the design of the platforms was conducted in close collaboration with Israel Navy engineers. Each platform costs $400 million to produce, with the German government covering one-third of the cost. Israeli onboard combat systems will be installed after the warships arrive in Israel. Ninety-five percent of those systems will be Israeli-made, and many of them will be completely new, designed for today’s threats. The arrival of the Magen at Haifa Naval Base marked the Israeli Navy’s transition into a new combat doctrine that is better suited than its predecessor to the evolving regional threat. Under the new strategy, the Navy will play a significantly greater role in rapidly detecting and engaging enemy targets on shore. The Magen project therefore represents a leap forward in Israel’s naval defense capabilities and an evolved naval strategy concept designed for the 21st century threat landscape.
  • Argus FSU Energy

    Argus FSU Energy

    Argus FSU Energy News, prices and analysis from the Former Soviet Union and Central Europe Volume XXIV, 46, 21 November 2019 Poland to halt Russian gas imports Poland plans a permanent halt to gas imports from Russia from 2023, aiming to fully cover its needs from other sources. State-controlled importer and supplier PGNiG’s decision not to extend a long-term 10.2bn m³/yr take-or-pay contract, expiring at the end of 2022, is “irrevocable”, chief executive Piotr Wozniak told Polish state-owned TV this week. Import diversification will ensure supply security, PGNiG says — including Urals Med vs North Sea Dated the planned 10bn m³/yr Baltic Pipe link direct from Norway, new LNG import $/bl Diff capacity and contracts, and upstream acquisitions. 4 North Sea Dated = 0 PGNiG expects unspecified “retaliation” from Gazprom, but is well-prepared, 2 Wozniak says. And it expects a favourable verdict early next year in its arbitration case over Gazprom prices, which would reduce the cost of imports in 2020-22. 0 - PGNiG signalled in 2017 that it would not renew the contract with Gazprom in its -2 existing form, because supply was too expensive. The Polish firm started arbitration proceedings over the price of imports -4 Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct under its long-term contract in 2015. The court ruled in PGNiG’s favour last year, 18 19 agreeing that it had the right to demand a price revision, but Gazprom appealed. The Polish and Danish gas system operators reached an investment decision on the Baltic Pipe project in November last year.
  • For Classification and Construction of Ships (Rccs)

    For Classification and Construction of Ships (Rccs)

    RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS (RCCS) Part 0 CLASSIFICATION 4 RCCS. Part 0 “Classification” 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1 The present Part of the Rules for the materials for the ships except for small craft Classification and Construction of Inland and used for non-for-profit purposes. The re- Combined (River-Sea) Navigation Ships (here quirements of the present Rules are applicable and in all other Parts — Rules) defines the to passenger ships, tankers, pushboats, tug- basic terms and definitions applicable for all boats, ice breakers and industrial ships of Parts of the Rules, general procedure of ship‘s overall length less than 20 m. class adjudication and composing of class The requirements of the present Rules are formula, as well as contains information on not applicable to small craft, pleasure ships, the documents issued by Russian River Regis- sports sailing ships, military and border- ter (hereinafter — River Register) and on the security ships, ships with nuclear power units, areas and seasons of operation of the ships floating drill rigs and other floating facilities. with the River Register class. However, the River Register develops and 1.2 When performing its classification and issues corresponding regulations and other survey activities the River Register is governed standards being part of the Rules for particu- by the requirements of applicable interna- lar types of ships (small craft used for com- tional agreements of Russian Federation, mercial purposes, pleasure and sports sailing Regulations on Classification and Survey of ships, ekranoplans etc.) and other floating Ships, as well as the Rules specified in Clause facilities (pontoon bridges etc.).
  • The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017

    The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017

    The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 150 THE BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 150 The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower © The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel Tel. 972-3-5318959 Fax. 972-3-5359195 [email protected] www.besacenter.org ISSN 0793-1042 May 2018 Cover image: Soldier from the elite Rimon Battalion participates in an all-night exercise in the Jordan Valley, photo by Staff Sergeant Alexi Rosenfeld, IDF Spokesperson’s Unit The Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies is an independent, non-partisan think tank conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. It is named in memory of Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, whose efforts in pursuing peace laid the cornerstone for conflict resolution in the Middle East. Mideast Security and Policy Studies serve as a forum for publication or re-publication of research conducted by BESA associates. Publication of a work by BESA signifies that it is deemed worthy of public consideration but does not imply endorsement of the author’s views or conclusions. Colloquia on Strategy and Diplomacy summarize the papers delivered at conferences and seminars held by the Center for the academic, military, official and general publics.
  • Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its Goal Has Always Been to Drive Them Out

    Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its Goal Has Always Been to Drive Them Out

    Israel has never intended to control the Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its goal has always been to drive them out. However, during Israel’s Surveillance the Mandate era, as part of their effort and Control of the to disorganize the Palestinian society, Zionist organizations established various Palestinians during the surveillance bodies to examine and monitor Military Government Era various aspects of Palestinian society. These related to the demographic, religious, Ahmad H. Sa’di tribal, and hamula (extended family or clan) composition of the Palestinians, their spatial distribution, political behaviors, and military capabilities, as well as their resources, chiefly lands and water sources. These activities were part of an all-inclusive effort to establish a Jewish state against the will of the indigenous Arab population. Yet, when the 1948 war ended, Israel leaders found that, contrary to their expectations, a number of Palestinian communities, primarily in the Galilee, had eluded the ethnic cleansing conducted by Jewish forces. The incomplete character of the expulsion of the Palestinians subsequently became subject of much speculation and distortion.1 However, internal discussions among Israeli leaders indicate that the continued presence of these Palestinians within the state of Israel was unintentional and undesired.2 Although a system of political control which relied on the British Defense (Emergency) Regulations was imposed on the Palestinians and a military government to rule them was established already during the war, in addition to various ad hoc practices of surveillance, driving the Palestinians out continued to be Israel’s main objective.3 Although expulsion remained Israel’s favored goal – and various schemes to effect it were contrived during the 1950s and 1960s4 – as early as 1951 Israeli leaders [ 36 ] Stifling Surveillance began realizing that these Palestinians might stay longer than expected.
  • Palestine About the Author

    Palestine About the Author

    PALESTINE ABOUT THE AUTHOR Professor Nur Masalha is a Palestinian historian and a member of the Centre for Palestine Studies, SOAS, University of London. He is also editor of the Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. His books include Expulsion of the Palestinians (1992); A Land Without a People (1997); The Politics of Denial (2003); The Bible and Zionism (Zed 2007) and The Pales- tine Nakba (Zed 2012). PALESTINE A FOUR THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY NUR MASALHA Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History was first published in 2018 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK. www.zedbooks.net Copyright © Nur Masalha 2018. The right of Nur Masalha to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro by seagulls.net Index by Nur Masalha Cover design © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑272‑7 hb ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑274‑1 pdf ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑275‑8 epub ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑276‑5 mobi CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. The Philistines and Philistia as a distinct geo‑political entity: 55 Late Bronze Age to 500 BC 2. The conception of Palestine in Classical Antiquity and 71 during the Hellenistic Empires (500‒135 BC) 3.
  • Arctic Shipping: an Analysis of the 2013 Northern Sea Route Season

    Arctic Shipping: an Analysis of the 2013 Northern Sea Route Season

    ARCTIC SHIPPING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 NORTHERN SEA ROUTE SEASON The Arctic Institute | Center for Circumpolar Security Studies 2% Europe 5% 16% 7% 9% 10% Atlantic Ocean 3% 7% Asia 2% 3% 57% Pacific 2% Ocean 2% Indian China’s imports in 3% Ocean bn USD, 2012 5% 150.1-200 Percentage 100.1-150 12% share of 50.1-100 imports 25.1-50 Source: International Trade 2% Europe 5% 16% 7% 9% 10% Atlantic Ocean 3% 7% Asia 2% 3% 57% Pacific 2% Ocean 2% Indian China’s imports in 3% Ocean bn USD, 2012 5% 150.1-200 Percentage 100.1-150 12% share of 50.1-100 imports 25.1-50 Source: International Trade The Arctic Institute | Center for Circumpolar Security Studies The Arctic Institute is an interdisciplinary, independent think tank focused on Arctic policy issues. We are a think tank for the 21st century - a network of young professionals who work from loca- tions around the globe and who represent expertise in many different disciplines. Collaboration, creativity and independence are all critical to our success. We strive to provide the most nuanced, objective, clear and candid analysis possible. The Institute is not directly affiliated with any govern- mental entity, corporation or civil-society organization. The Arctic Institute | Center for Circumpolar Security Studies P.O. Box 32175 Washington, DC 20007 +1.202.656.6258 www.thearcticinstitute.org [email protected] 2% Europe 5% 16% 7% 9% 10% Atlantic Ocean 3% 7% Asia 2% 3% 57% Pacific 2% Ocean 2% Indian China’s imports in 3% Ocean bn USD, 2012 5% 150.1-200 Percentage 100.1-150 12% share of 50.1-100 imports 25.1-50 Source: International Trade Arctic Shipping: An Analysis of the 2013 Northern Sea Route Season Malte Humpert Cover photo: Trude Pettersen (with permission) Back cover photo: Peter Novacco/photo.polymu.com (with permission) © The Arctic Institute October 2014 All rights reserved.
  • Argus Russian Coal

    Argus Russian Coal

    Argus Russian Coal Issue 17-36 | Monday 9 October 2017 MARKET COmmENTARY PRICES Turkey lifts coal imports from Russia Russian coal prices $/t Turkey increased receipts of Russian thermal coal by 9pc on Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period 6 Oct ± 29 Sep the year in January-August, to 7.79mn t, according to data fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 86.97 -0.20 from statistics agency Tuik, amid higher demand from utili- fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 90.63 -0.25 ties and households. Russian material replaced supplies from cif Marmara* 6,000 Nov 17 100.33 0.33 South Africa, which redirected part of shipments to more fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 1.00 profitable markets in Asia-Pacific this year. fob Vostochny 5,500 Nov-Dec 17 87.0 0 1.75 *assessment of Russian and non-Russian coal In August Russian coal receipts rose to over 1.26mn t, up by 15pc on the year and by around 19pc on the month. Russian coal prices $/t This year demand for sized Russian coal is higher com- Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period Low High pared with last year because of colder winter weather in 2016-2017, a Russian supplier says. Demand for coal fines fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 85.25 88.00 fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 89.50 91.00 from utilities has also risen amid the launch of new coal- fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 100.00 fired capacity, the source adds.
  • MARITIME ACTIVITY in the HIGH NORTH – CURRENT and ESTIMATED LEVEL up to 2025 MARPART Project Report 1

    MARITIME ACTIVITY in the HIGH NORTH – CURRENT and ESTIMATED LEVEL up to 2025 MARPART Project Report 1

    MARITIME ACTIVITY IN THE HIGH NORTH – CURRENT AND ESTIMATED LEVEL UP TO 2025 MARPART Project Report 1 Authors: Odd Jarl Borch, Natalia Andreassen, Nataly Marchenko, Valur Ingimundarson, Halla Gunnarsdóttir, Iurii Iudin, Sergey Petrov, Uffe Jacobsen and Birita í Dali List of authors Odd Jarl Borch Project Leader, Nord University, Norway Natalia Andreassen Nord University, Norway Nataly Marchenko The University Centre in Svalbard, Norway Valur Ingimundarson University of Iceland Halla Gunnarsdóttir University of Iceland Iurii Iudin Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Sergey Petrov Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Uffe Jakobsen University of Copenhagen, Denmark Birita í Dali University of Greenland 1 Partners MARPART Work Package 1 “Maritime Activity and Risk” 2 THE MARPART RESEARCH CONSORTIUM The management, organization and governance of cross-border collaboration within maritime safety and security operations in the High North The key purpose of this research consortium is to assess the risk of the increased maritime activity in the High North and the challenges this increase may represent for the preparedness institutions in this region. We focus on cross-institutional and cross-country partnerships between preparedness institutions and companies. We elaborate on the operational crisis management of joint emergency operations including several parts of the preparedness system and resources from several countries. The project goals are: • To increase understanding of the future demands for preparedness systems in the High North including both search and rescue, oil spill recovery, fire fighting and salvage, as well as capacities fighting terror or other forms of destructive action. • To study partnerships and coordination challenges related to cross-border, multi-task emergency cooperation • To contribute with organizational tools for crisis management Project characteristics: Financial support: -Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, -the Nordland county Administration -University partners.
  • LCS-Israel Brochure

    LCS-Israel Brochure

    LCS-I Littoral Combat Ship-Israel or 115M in length and approximately supporting the U.S. Navy CNO’s LCS-I is the very first international This ship is fast. It can move SATCOM LCS-I is the next generation surface 3000 tons displacement LCS-I has “1000 ship navy” in the Global War variant of the U.S. Navy’s ship. in quickly to conduct special ▲ Israeli Industry Harpoon (16) combatant for the Israeli Navy. the size and reconfigurable space Against Terror. This exciting opportunity brings operations in the littoral or brown ESM LCS-I leverages the U.S. Navy’s necessary to provide anti-air, anti- the Israeli Navy and our national waters of Israel’s coastlines. LCS- ● Boeing ▲ Israeli Industry newest class of surface combatants surface, anti-submarine and anti- LCS-I is the world’s most modern defense programs to the global I is a true surface combatant: it Barak VLS - LCS to meet the challenging missile warfare capabilities and to surface combatant equipped with the forefront providing Israeli industry reliably performs in deep blue water ▲ Israeli Industry Barak FCR (2) operational requirements of the support special operations. latest in advanced technology and tremendous growth potential in the and enables our participation in joint ▲ Israeli Industry Israeli Navy. Cooperation with solutions. The ship will empower international marketplace. and coalition operations. The U.S. Mk 41 VLS the U.S. Navy on LCS provides Why We Need LCS-I our sailors to combat terror, protect Navy Lockheed Martin-LCS ship our homeland, conduct blue LCS-I will help the Israeli ● Lockheed Martin FCR commonality with US and Coalition was designed to be scalable, with an ■ International Industry LCS-I provides area air defense forces and significantly reduces water missions at sea, as well as Navy accomplish significant open architecture combat system.