ERASMUS + EU Project: EUROPEAN DARKSKY PROTECTORS Light

ERASMUS + EU Project:

EUROPEAN DARKSKY PROTECTORS

Light and the culture

Teachers: Otilia AndrieS Students: Bartchevici Raul Monica Macovei Cazac Emanuel CotruT Laurențiu Rusînac Gabriel

C. T. “Samuil iSopeSCu” SuCeava

"Do not despise the little things. A candle can always do what the Sun can never: to shine in the dark. Octavian Paler

Inner and Outer Light

From The Penguin English Dictionary:

Light –noun: 1a somethingthat makes vision possible by stimulating the sense of sight. 1b electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength that is visible to the human eye. 2 a source of light, a lamp or a candle. 3 illumination provided by a celestial body, specif daylight. 4 a flame or spark for lighting something, a cigarette. 5 a traffic signal. 6 a particular illumination in a place. 7 a spiritual illumination. b understanding or knowledge. 8 enlightening information or explanation. 9 a particular aspect or appearance in which something is viewed. 10 a medium, a window, through light is admitted. 11 a specified expression perceived as being in somebody’s eyes. (the light of love in his eyes) 12 ( in pl ) a set of principles, standards, or opinions. 13 leading light: Bring to light, to disclose or reveal something What your wisdoms could not dicover, these shallow fools have brought to light.

Shakespeare Come to light to be revealed or disclosed. In the light of with the insight or information provided by. See the light 1 to understand suddenly; to gain insight. 2 to undergo conversion. See the light of day: 1 to be born or come into existence. 2 to be published or come to public attention. ( Old English- leoht, liht.)

Lat. lumina (< lumen, -inis).

Quotes about light

"Let it be light." The Bible

"Trouly the light is sweet." The Bible

"Eloquence is the light which makes intelligence to shine." Marcus Tullius Cicero

"The Natural Light lies in us and this Light is God." Paracelsus "We can forgive children who are afraid of the dark, but the real tragedy is the adults who are afraid of light." Platon "Light is the most precious diamond of beauty." Arthur Schopenhauer

"No outside grace is complete if not enlivens inner beauty. Beauty of the soul pours a mysterious light on physical beauty. " Victor Hugo

"You are a being of light. You come in light, you return to the light; by every step Light surrounds your unlimited human being." Richard Bach

"Do not be afraid of shadows. They show only that there is light nearby." Gary Sinise

"In the night it is beautiful to believe in light." Edmond de Goncourt

"Shadows are like the darkness, that's right, but they are daughters of the light." Lucian Blaga

"The light is made only for those who see, who are not blind." Mihai Eminescu

"When it is too strong, light hurts." Vasile Ghica

"Do not despise the little things. A candle can always do what the sun can never: to shine in the dark." Octavian Paler

"To love is perhaps the most beautiful part of the light from us." Octavian Paler

"Light of Hope casts shadow of doubt." officer Eugen Burghelea

Light and the culture

The lights of the universe, the Earth (life) a The lights of human creation generating culture: • reason • imagination • resourcefulness • discovery

I Culture: values of Antiquity:

1. Egyptian antiquity (the library of Alexandria, the pyramids and the Sphinx)

2. Greek Antiquity (Pericles sec. V-VII a o e, Platon, Aristotel, Seneca)

3. Roman antiquity (Cicero)

II The modern era of the Renaissance XIV-XVI:

 Da Vinci

 Michelangelo  Copernic  Galilei

III French classicism:  Moliere

 Descartes

 Lafontaine  Racine

IV Century of light (reason)  Rousseau  Montesquieu

 Voltaire

 Kant  Defoe

 Dimitrie Cantemir

V 19th century Flowering arts and literature:

 Van Gogh

 Delacroix

 Beethoven

 Dostoievski, Balzac, Hugo, Zola  Darwin

VI 20th century scientific discoveries, electronics, computers, Informatics, Cybernetics:

 Einstein

 Foucault  Vlaicu  Sartre, Noica, Camus, Hamingway, Huxley  Dali

 Picasso Guernica, 1937 Malaga, 2013

 Brâncuși

b. Places of worship: churches, temples, pagodas, mosques, synagogues

Human Light: Artistic light: Light Science: • intelligence • beauty • ingenuity • purity • reason • discovery • character • tenderly • experimentation • spirit: Godliness, revelation • knowledge • kindness • learning • love • altruism • imagination • word that uplifts

God is Light? Nikola Tesla Me, like all other creatures are light. All is light. In one ray is the fate of nations, each nation has its radius in the great source of light that we see the sun. And there was no one who did not die. They have turned into light and so there yet. The secret lies in the fact that light particles are restructuring their original state: is return to the previous energy. Christ and a few others knew the secret. I did some research on how to maintain human energy. It is a form of light, sometimes equal to the divine light. I think my discoveries will make your life easier, easier endured by people and they will direct people towards spirituality and morality. ‚‚The universe is far more moral than we are’’. No scientist, science is perhaps the most conventional way you can find out the answer to the question that follows me and I disturb days and nights: what happens to a star goes down and the sun no longer is? The stars are falling as dust in this world or in other worlds, and the sun is spreading in our minds, in the lives of many creatures in what will be born as a new light, or the wind will scatter cosmic universe. The question is if, however, one of these stars, and one of these Suns, even the smallest, is saved. When the man means that most target must be to run after a shooting star and attempting to catch, when he learns that his life has been given to them because of that, then he will be saved. In the end, he will grab the star. Then the creator will laugh and will say: "fell just to make you run after it and catch it." Cosmic is a pain condition that most people don't know it. So, many other diseases: suffering, malice, bitterness, wars and everything that composes the absurd and terrible human life, cannot be fully cured, but their awareness would make them far less difficult and dangerous. Whenever someone near and dear was hurt, I felt physical pain. This is because we have bodies made of the same material, and our souls are connected by wires that cannot be destroyed. The sadness of incomprehensible that overwhelms us sometimes means that someone on the other side of the planet, a child, or a generous man died. Sometimes, the entire universe is tired of himself and us. The disappearance of a star and the appearance of comets will affect us more than we can imagine. Relationships between creatures on earth are even stronger, because of our feelings and our thoughts, the flower will bloom more beautifully in silence. You must learn this truth as we heal. The remedy is in our hearts and in the heart of this animal that we call the universe.

The enlightenment The Age of enlightenment is called the Enlightenment or the Age of reason which is an ideological and cultural movement, carried out during the period of preparation and realization of the revolutions of the 17th-19th centuries in the countries of Europe, North America and South America and with the aim of creating a "rational", by spreading the culture of "enlightenment" in the masses. Through the enlightenment absolutism in fundamentals is the disease of political life, those of dogmatism in science and religion, by introducing a more critical and systematic perspective. The main promoters of these concepts were philosophers, who popularized and promulgated new ideas to the general public. These "prophets" of the enlightenment had a faith in reason which was unshakable, they sought to uncover the true universal principles governing humanity, nature and society, and to act in them. Attacked in various ways the authority of religious and scientific, pontificating, intolerance, censorship, and the economic and social constraints. Among the important personalities of the enlightenment we may mention:  David Hume, John Locke, Isaac Newton, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swiftin in England,  Immanuel Kant, Friedrich von Schiller, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in Germany,  Denis Diderot, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire in France,  Cesare Beccaria, Francesco Mario Pagano, in Italy,  Dimitrie Cantemir, Ion Budai Deleanu, Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Anton Pann, Samuil Micu, Gheorghe Șincai, in Romania,  Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine, in the US. The current ideological and cultural enlightenment has promoted his secular nature, antireligious, biographies, to combat bigotry and dogmas, to spread the culture of the people, literature concerned with moral and social issues; The themes addressed are the reasons: „enlightened monarch"," the social contract ", people's empowerment through culture. The predominant genera and species are lyrical, epic (short story, Novella, novel), drama (tragedy, comedy). In the Danubian principalities, the novella Romanian enlightenment identified largely with the Transylvanian school. This enlightenment ideal of national service, whose contributed, through the approach to history, the history of the language and the people. Another manifestation of the spirit of the enlightenment was the interest in printing secular books. The most representative opera performed in the spirit of the enlightenment is the epics „Țiganiada” by Ion Budai-Deleanu.

Symbolism of light in Blaga’s poetic imaginary structure

Light of "others" is a symbol of rational, superficial knowledge seeking logical explanations, while its own light "enhances the mystery world" through imagination, with such an opposition report: (...)

“Light others strangle the untouched spell hidden in the depths of darkness, But I, I with my light-enhancing the world mystery-and-like as With her white moon rays not shrinks, but fretting increase and the mystery of the night, So increase and I gazing with wide dark thrills of a Holy Mystery and everything what I misunderstood change in not understanding and older under my eyes-(...) “

Singular personality in the literary landscape of his time, Lucian Blaga is notable as a creative consciousness absolute starved. Light element comprising in his suggestion of inner meanings, is the symbol of what has dominated the entire route of the existential artist, converting him metaphorically on the Babul in a true "Poet of light". His poems become the expression of a universe absolutely whose essence Blaga takes a poetic and it transforms. The symbol of light, as an emblem of the universe what is denied direct perception, becomes emblematic for the whole reason of existence. Oriental art and thinking he takes over direct aspiration to the absolute, transcendent horizon transforms the expression in the midst of infinite inner space, to the dissolution of the light. Through his own spirituality, defined software, my light, "the poet mystery, enhances the world amplifies the existential mystery, but do not reveal it. The poet initiated loses vitality, she feels isolated and alienated from the fellowmen self, expressing regret to be born, to be entered into the light: "why you sent me into the light, mother/why you sent?" (Letter ). Fear of death reached the sea crossing is tantamount to a desertion of light, “why do so out of fear-the parent-/and the light to leave?"(From the deep)

Rendered as a leitmotif throughout the Blaga’s work, the light acquires new valences of conceptual metonymy: the beloved Poems of light, a suggestion that the ego absolutely lyrical expression to aspiring, defining an archetypal matrix-space universe and protector or, on the contrary, the universe what provokes the poet's feelings of fear and anxiety. The poet thinks about life as a light meant shut a threshold of passage toward death, greeted with resignation. Wanting to walk among our fellowmen, to mute out, with my eyes closed, "the poet finds the futility of words, the words are all very bitter", preferring an exploration of one's own inner abyss, an immersion in his own night ",inner. In a world immersed in darkness, and sleep the poet confesses openly fear that its effort to sing light may have been in vain, what light was sung in vain? "(Talk from the Palm). Access to the light becomes unwieldy and impossible, because along with his own shadow the poet feels safer passage in 1978, shade next to into being,/where do I go, don't go alone./Warts come from away-/testimonials that you are not alone "(not alone). Animating a heliotropism, the poet being true is moving towards the light, the debut volume identified with the essence of the universe, with the love and sensual being his lover. In the poem, novel correlations between the light of love and originally light what was the basis of the universe. The symbol of light, remembrance of the essence of Paradise (Tears), is intertwined with the wonders of darkness, in an allegory of a space dominated by the existential antithesis. Nostalgia’s time torn remaining, without flesh, "the stars of yesterday, the Chair, the poet also sings" mythological Orpheus light of Genesis, symbol of originating, matrix light extinguished that it laud ". Pilot needs momentum to the light is suddenly break, being replaced by transcendent what descends to the level of the quota, immediately, “it’s come back, ah, a star in the world./I was burned by her hands "(Heavenly touch of fashionable). Moonlight, embodied in and through the dark, intimate osmosis between order mediates cosmic and terrestrial, as the apologist of white light, the poet will have a more profound opening towards the meanings and not understanding of the universe. Through the intercession of the white light but also by his own light, with fire in my hands, "subjective self to the moment of lyrical miracle participate in communication with universal, acknowledging in an aphorism perpetuate the oscillation between the two regimes of the imaginary, shadows resembles with the darkness what's right, but are the daughters of light".

White is light

The painter Kandinsky was expressed, in that connection, better than anyone: "White, which is often considered a non-color, a symbol of Britain, a world in which all colors have vanished. It is nothingness before the start ". In this issue, from the beginning, white was the color of death and the white color is: bed sheet, the ghosts, lures. The condemned was forced to wear a white shirt, which is not a straitjacket. Originally, white is not a color neutral, positive, but passive, showing only that nothing has not yet been fulfilled. Therefore, in the context of Christian ritual, are headed toward the burial in a white Pall, decorated with white flowers. For the same reason, it typifies the white ones bound for Sacrament and ceremony of the marriage. More, white is the color of the applicant, the one who will change the condition, candidates at public functions is dressed in white. Considered today the light colour and brightness, whiteness is auspicious. The symbol of political power is the white horse, and the wild Bull, being white is a primary metaphor of seniority. The White River is a metaphor for the flow of all things, suggesting the existence of universal.The White River travels to Stephen the Great, the character of the novel "brothers Jderi" M.Sadoveanu, Stephen the Great wearing the sign contact with ancient wisdom, magic, or mythical, seeks white wild bull to kill, but to discover an old hermit cell that is foretelling the future. Qualifier"White" assigned character from the story of White Prince by Ion Creangă to immortality, in some traditions White Island being a dwelling place of immortality.

Composition 6- V. Kandinsky

On White II -V. Kandinsky

The end