Archaeologis
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OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIS • • i Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO I The Archaeological Society of Ohio Officers Ray Tanner, Behringer-Crawford Museum Devou Park, Covington. Kentucky 41011 President—Dana L. Baker, Jeff Carskadden, 2686 Carol Drive, Zanesville, Ohio West Taylor St., Mt. Victory Ohio Claude Britt, Jr., Many Farms, Arizona 86503 Vice President—Jan Sorgentrei, Ray Tanner, 4675 McNeil Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 7625 Maxtown Rd., Westerville, Ohio Wm. L. Jenkins, 3812 Laurel Lane, Anderson, Indiana Executive Secretary—Frank W. Otto, Leonard H. Brown, Rt. #3, Newcomerstown, Ohio 1503 Hempwood Dr., Cols., Ohio Kenneth Goodman, 2528 Swansea Rd., Columbus, Treasurer—John J. Winsch, Ohio 6614 Summerdale Dr., Dayton, Ohio Mark W. Long, Box 467, Wellston, Ohio Recording Secretary—Dave Mielke, Box 389, Botkins, Ohio Editor—Robert N. Converse, Editorial Office and Business Office 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064 Trustees Membership and Dues Ensil Chadwick, 119 Rose Avenue, Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 1978 Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are Wayne A. Mortine, Scott Drive, Oxford Hgts., payable on the first of January as follows: Regular mem Newcomerstown, Ohio 1978 bership $5.00; Husband and wife (one copy of publica Charles H. Stout, 91 Redbank Drive, tion) $6.00; Sustaining $25.00. Funds are used for pub Fairborn, Ohio 1978 lishing the Ohio Archaeologist. The Archaeological So Alva McGraw, Rt. 11 Box 23, Chillicothe, Ohio. 1976 ciety of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organization William C. Haney, 706 Buckhorn St., and has no paid officers or employees. Ironton, Ohio 1976 The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly and Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio . 1976 subscription is included in the membership dues. Editorial Staff and Publishing Committee Back Issues Editor—Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist may be pur chased at the following prices: Associate Editor-Martha Potter Otto, The Ohio Historical Ohio Flint Types—$3.50 per copy Society, Columbus, Ohio 43211 Ohio Stone Tools-$2.50 per copy Regional Collaborators- All other back issues—$1.50 per copy Richard Patterson, 519 Front St., Marietta, Ohio David W. Kuhn, 3222 Scioto Trail, Portsmouth, Ohio Ohio Slate Types-$5.00 per copy Charles H. Stout, Sr., 91 Redbank Drive, Fairborn Make all checks or money orders payable to the Ar Ohio chaeological Society of Ohio and send to 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064. STANDING COMMITTEES PROGRAM COMMITTEE EXHIBITS COMMITTEE EDUCATION & PUBLICITY COMMITTEE Dorothy Good, Chairman Frank Otto, Chairman Dave Mielke, Chairman Mike Kish Ken Black Kenneth Goodman Dr. John Blank Myers Campbell Charles Stout Robert Converse Victor Hiles Marilyn Harness Merle Guthrie Dean Majors Wayne Mortine Kenneth Goodman Vivien Marshall FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS COMMITTEE NOMINATING COMMITTEE Jeff Carskadden Ernest Good, Co-Chairman Robert Converse, Co-Chairman Robert Converse, Chairman MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE John Schatz Larry Wilson Summers A. Redick Jack Hooks Ken Goodman Frank Otto Dr. John Blank Don Morrow Don Kegg Douglas Hooks Mike Kish Carroll Welling Dr. Orrin Shane AUDITING COMMITTEE Paul Fritch Dick Johnson Jan Sorgenfrei Donn Buck, Chairman Ernest Sutten LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE Mike Kish Ensil Chadwick Marvin King Robert Converse, Chairman Robert Harter Dwight Shipley Robert Cochran Alva McGraw Tom Stropki Gilbert Dilley John Vargo Kenneth Goodman Dr. Raymond S. Baby Dr. Norman Wright OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST EDITOR S PAGE Everyone has heard the old Chinese adage that says one picture is worth a thousand TABLE OF CONTENTS words. Of course the Chinese didn't say any thing about whether the picture should be in color or black and white. In the belief that a Bone Artifacts 4 colored picture should be worth substantially A Piano Site 6 more than a black and white one, we are trying something new in this, the last issue of 1974. A Pennsylvania Birdstone 10 As you have probably already noticed both Preliminary Geological and our front and back covers are in full color as are the center pages. It has long been one Archaeological Survey 11 of the hopes of your editor to have full color The Collection of Samples 15 in at least one issue per year with the idea that it would not only appeal aesthetically to Some Fine Ohio Slate 19 our members, but also prove to be educa Paleo-lndian Artifacts 20 tional. Our back issues are full of pictures of artifacts of various kinds of flint and stone as Three Slate Pieces 22 well as a number of articles on the raw ma Some Ohio Artifacts in Indiana 23 terials used by the Ohio Indians. A black and white photograph, no matter how well taken, The Stringtown Site 24 or an article, no matter how lengthy or well Color Pages 26-27 written, cannot convey to the reader what one color picture portrays. We have made an Some Comments 31 attempt to show some of the flints found in The Late Paleo-lndian Occupation 34 Ohio artifacts in order that the reader can identify some of his own raw materials. Of The Brokaw Site 36 course, there was a temptation to picture Analysis of Fauna 42 nothing but Flint Ridge flint to depict the vast A Chronology of the North-Central 45 array and beautiful colors and hues of this unique stone, and to this end we devoted The Meigs Tablet 50 both the back and front covers. Few of these A Fayette Dovetail 51 pieces—which are from the Converse and Sorgenfrei collections — would command Kenneth C. Goodman 51 much attention shown in black and white, but the reader can understand their appeal when seen in full color. The two inside pages pic ture some of the more popular Ohio flints. Of course, not all variations and shades can be shown —it would take several pages alone to picture all the shades and textures of Co shocton flint alone. But at least it is a begin ning. Perhaps more can be done along this line in the future providing costs do not get too high, and we can stay within our budget. Robert N. Converse Editor FRONT COVER - BACK COVER Every shade of the rainbow is present in Flint Ridge flint as illustrated in the artifacts on the front and back covers. Delicate shades of pink and yellow blend with muted greens and blues. Combinations of almost limitless hues are found in this colorful stone. Not only did the Archaic people of Ohio know of the Flint Ridge deposits, as evidenced by the Archaic artifacts illustrated, but Adena and Hopewell had a passion for the most colorful of the flints found there. 3 Bone Artifacts from the Reeve Site, Lake County, Ohio by James L. Murphy Department of Geology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 During the course of the 1968 excavations Ancient, as it is not characteristic of Iro- at the Reeve site, Lake County, Ohio, several quoian . ." The bone beamer, according interesting bone artifacts were discovered. to Griffin, "is very common at Fort Ancient Subsequent work at the site by Greg and sites, but is not a determinant or diagnostic Gary Waselkov, Eastlake, Ohio, has provided trait, since it occurs at western Iroquoian, some additional bone artifacts that are worthy Fisher, and Aztalan sites." Greenman (1935: of note. 16) has described antler hoes or "gouges" Perhaps the most unusual item js the elk from the Reeve Site, but this article seems antler phallus illustrated in Figure 1. It was to be the first report of the bone beamer found at the very edge of the bluff on which from this site. the Reeve site lies during the Cleveland An antler flaker and a turkey metatarsal Natural Science Museum excavations of awl are also illustrated in Figure 1, but re 1968. Although similar objects of clay have quire little comment. Of greater interest are been described, (Ritchie 1947), I do not know the two turkey metatarsal awls illustrated in of any previously reported bone or antler Figure 2 from the Waselkov collection, rep phalli. It is this specimen, incidentally, that resenting as they do, both the notched and Brose (1973: 32) has erroneously ascribed unnotched forms. Griffin (1943: 200) has to his "intermediate component" at the South suggested that the notched metatarsal awl Parksite, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Apparently is "an endemic trait of the Fort Ancient As the specimen has been removed from the pect." Greenman has illustrated (1935: fig. 15) labelled tray in which it was left at the Mu a broken, notched metatarsal awl from the seum; while this mistake would explain the Reeve site. confusion about which site the artifact is Other types of bone awls recovered in the from, I am at a loss to explain how the artifact Museum excavations are enumerated in could be assigned to a particular component Table 1. It is of some interest that of all of the at the wrong site. many Ictalurus (catfish) spines recovered The elk antler hoe and deer bone beamer from the Reeve site, only one bore any trace are of interest because of their bearing upon of use as an awl. Bone awls appear to be the question of "Whittlesey Focus" relation slightly more common at the Reeve site than ships with the Fort Ancient material culture. at Fairport Harbor, to judge from their fre Griffin (1943: 199) has noted that the antler quency in the Museum excavations. hoe "does not occur commonly outside Fort The most common bone artifact found at Table 1: Bone Artifacts from 1968 Excavations at the Reeve Site Unit 0-1 0-2 0-3 0-4 0-7 1-1 1-2 1-3 Antler phallus 1 Antler arrow point 1 1 Antler flaker 1 3 1 1 Antler drift 1 1 1 2 2 1 Antler chisel or hoe 1 Bone bead 1 5 9 9 4 13 13 1 Bone bead stock 1 Bird bone awl 1 2 1 Bone splinter awl 3 1 1 Raccoon baculum awl 1 Ictalurus awl 1 Hairpin fragment 1 1 1 Beaver incisor chisel 1 Drilled animal canine 1 the Reeve site is the bird bone bead.