Public Opinion in Kosovo, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North

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Public Opinion in Kosovo, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia Kosovo: November 18-30, 2018 Serbia: November 18-26, 2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina: November 16-28, 2018 North Macedonia: November 17-26, 2018 Kosovo Methodology

• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Ipsos Strategic Marketing.

• Data was collected between November 18 to November 30, 2018 through face-to-face interviews.

• The total number of interviews consisted of 1,019 Kosovo residents. • The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 3.4 percent at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent. The sample was made up of Kosovo residents, aged 18 and older.

• In order to align this sample with population statistics as per the 2011 census, data in this presentation was weighted according to parameters gathered from official census data including region, urbanization, age, gender, nationality and education.

• Regions included in the sample: Pristina, Northwest, Southeast, North and Southwest. Areas of the population excluded from the sample: none.

• This sample was designed using a three stage, random probability sampling; strata allocation based on region and type of settlement; primary sampling units: polling station; within each settlement, households were visited by using an appropriate skip interval; within each visited household, interviews were conducted using random selection of eligible household members.

• Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding error and/or multiple selection options. 2 Serbia Methodology

• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Ipsos Strategic Marketing.

• Data was collected between November 18 to November 26, 2018 through face-to-face interviews.

• The total number of interviews consisted of 1,027 Serbia residents. • The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 3.21 percent at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent. The sample was made up of Serbia residents, aged 18 and older.

• Regions included in the sample: Belgrade, Vojvodina, Central, East and West Serbia. Areas of the population excluded from the sample: none.

• Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding error and/or multiple selection options. 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina Methodology

• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Ipsos Strategic Marketing.

• Data was collected between November 16 to November 28, 2018 through face-to-face interviews.

• The total number of interviews consisted of 1,019 BiH residents. • The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 3.22 percent at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent. The sample was made up of BiH residents, aged 18 and older.

• Regions included in the sample: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska and Brcko District. Areas of the population excluded from the sample: none.

• Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding error and/or multiple selection options. 4 North Macedonia Methodology

• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Ipsos Strategic Marketing.

• Data was collected between November 17 to November 26, 2018 through face-to-face interviews.

• The total number of interviews consisted of 1,026 North Macedonia residents. • The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 3.21 percent at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent. The sample was made up of North Macedonia residents, aged 18 and older.

• In order to align this sample with population statistics as per the 2002 census, data in this presentation was weighted according to parameters gathered from official census data including region, urbanization, age, gender, nationality and education.

• Regions included in the sample: Skopje, North-West, South-West and East. Areas of the population excluded from the sample: none.

• Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding error and/or multiple selection options. 5 Legend

Kosovo

Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

North Macedonia

6 Opinions of the National and Regional Context

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia Generally speaking, would you say that [country] is heading…

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

7% 4% 9%

38%

55% 87%

15% 24% 39% 44%

32% 46%

8 Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in [country] or not?

Total population Total population

8% 4% 5%

Aged 18-29 Aged 18-29 (n=336) 36% (n=194) 9% 57% 2% 7%

52% 91% 39% 91% Total population Total population

5% 18% 19% 16%

Aged 18-29 Aged 18-29 (n=192) (n=231) 4% 20% 12% 16%

63% 79% 67% 80 %

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer 9 What would you say is the single biggest problem facing [country] today, that is, the one that you yourself are most concerned about? (Top five spontaneous answers)

Unemployment 50% Unemployment 38% Corruption 9% Brain drain 7% Relations with Serbia 7% Politics/internal politics 6% EU integration/Visa Corruption liberalization 4% 6% Economy 3% Low standard 4% Other (combined) 14% Other (combined) 29% Don't know/Refused to answer 14% Don't know/Refused to answer 11%

Kosovo 22% Unemployment 30% Unemployment 20% Economy 14% Low standard of living 16% Low standard of living 10% Economy 7% Name dispute/National identity 7% Corruption 6% Depopulation/Brain drain Other (combined) 29% 6% Don't know/Refused to answer 2% Other (combined) 32% 10 How about at the European level? What is the biggest single problem facing Europe today, the one that you are most concerned about? (Top five spontaneous answers)

Migrants/Migrant crisis 9% Migrants/Migrant crisis 25%

Kosovo/Serbia dialogue Economic crisis/Unemployment/Local 5% migrations 8% Terrorism/Safety 4% Terrorism/Safety 5% Crime, corruption 3% Brexit/EU instability/Local conflicts 4% Economic crisis/Unemployment/Local migrations 3% Crime/corruption 2% Other (combined) 15% Other (combined) 9% Nothing/None 1% Nothing/None <1% Don't know/Refused to answer 62% Don't know/Refused to answer 45%

Migrants/Migrant crisis 28% Migrants/Migrant crisis 30% Economic crisis/Unemployment/Local Terrorism/Safety 8% migrations 10% Economic crisis/Unemployment/Local Terrorism/Safety migrations 7% 6% Brexit/EU instability/Local conflicts 4% Brexit/EU instability/Local conflicts 3% Possibility of war/Big Power Conflicts 3% The conditions for EU integration 2% Other (combined) 19% Other (combined) 9% Nothing/None 2% Nothing/None 1% Don't know/Refused to answer 28% Don't know/Refused to answer 33% 11 In the long term, which of the following issues do you fear could threaten our way of life and children’s future?

60% Migration and demographic change

Collapse of banks, financial system, and general economic collapse 50% 49% Open conflict/War

Loss of culture, values, and the way of life we grew up with 40% 36% Terrorism, extremism, and political violence 32% Bankruptcy and disappearance of health and social security systems 30% 29% Other

Don't know/Refused to answer 20% 20% 20% 17% 16% 16% 15% 13% 12% 12% 11% 11% 12% 9% 10% 9% 10% 10% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 4% 5% 2% 1% <1% <1% <1% 0% XK RS BA MK

12 Did you vote in the parliamentary elections in [year] ?

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer 2017 2018

3% 24% 28%

69% 76%

2016 2017

26% 26%

74% 74%

13 For which party did you vote? (Respondents from Kosovo who voted in the last parliamentary elections; n=695)

1 PDK Koalicija 31%

LDK Koalicija2 17%

Samoopredelenje (Lëvizja Vetëvendosje!) 13%

Gradjanska Inicijativa Srpska Lista 6%

Koalicija SDA - BSDAK 1%

FJALA 1%

Jedinstvena Goranska Partija - JGP 1%

Other 1%

Don't know/Refused to answer 31%

1Partia Demokratike e Kosovës‐PDK & Aleanca Për Ardhmërinë E Kosovës‐AAK & Nisma Për Kosovën‐NISMA & Partia E Drejtësisë‐PD & Lëvizja Për Bashkim‐LB & Partia Shqiptare Demokristiane e Kosovës‐PSHDK & Partia Konservatore e Kosovës‐PK & Alternativa Demokratike e Kosovës‐ADK & Republikanët E Kosovës‐REK & Partia E Ballit‐PB & Partia Socialdemokrate PSD & Balli Kombëtar I Kosovës‐BKK 2Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës ‐ LDK Aleanca Kosova e Re ‐ AKR 14 For which party did you vote? (Respondents from Serbia who voted in the last parliamentary elections; n=759)

Aleksandar Vucic - Srbija pobedjuje 44% Ivica Dacic - Socijalisticka partija Srbije (SPS), Jedinstvena Srbija (JS) – Dragan Markovic Palma 8% Za pravednu Srbiju - Demokratska stranka (NOVA, DSHV, ZZS) 5% Dosta je bilo - Sasa Radulovic 5%

Dveri - Demokratska stranka Srbije - Sanda Raskovic Ivic 4%

Dr Vojislav Seselj - Srpska radikalna stranka 4% Boris Tadic, Cedomir Jovanovic - Savez za bolju Srbiju – LDP, LSV, SDS 4% Borko Stefanovic - Srbija za sve nas 1%

Savez vojvodjanskih Madjara-Istvan Pastor 1%

U inat - Slozno za Srbiju - Narodni savez <1%

Dijalog - Mladi sa stavom - Stanko Debeljakovic <1%

Zelena stranka <1%

Don't know/Refused to answer 25%

15 For which party did you vote? (Respondents from BiH who voted in the last parliamentary elections, n=772)

Savez Nezavisnih Socialdemokrata SNSD - Milorad Dodik 17%

SDA - Stranka Demokratske Akcije 15%

HDZ BIH,HSS,HKDU BIH,HSP-HNS,HSP DR AS BIH,HDU BIH 12%

SDP - Socialdemokratska Partija BIH 10%

DF-GS,Zeljko Komsic:BIH pobjedjuje! 8%

SDS-LISTA (SDS-NDP-NS-SRS) 5%

PDP-Mladen Ivanic 4%

DNS - Demokratski Narodni Savez 2%

Nezavisni Blok 2%

Socijalisticka Partija 1%

Stranka za Bosnu I Hercegovinu 1%

Nasa Stranka 1%

Don't know/ Refused to answer 21%

16 For which party did you vote? (Respondents from North Macedonia who voted in the last parliamentary elections; n=762)

SDSM 26%

Koalicija VMRO - DMPNE 24%

Demokratska unija za integracija - DUI 5%

Dvizhenje Besa 4%

Koalicija "Alijansa za Albancite (DR-ADP, Uniteti, NDP) 2%

Demokratska partija na Albancite 2%

Partija za demokratski prosperitet 2%

Koalicija VMRO za MAKEDONIJA 1%

Levica 1%

Koalicija za PROMENA i PRAVDA - TRET BLOK 1%

Liberalna partija <1%

Don't know/Refused to answer 33%

17 If parliamentary elections were held this Sunday, how likely would you be to vote?

55% 52% I would vote for sure 45% 52% 16% 21% I would probably vote 28% 19% 6% 7% I probably wouldn't vote 6% 5% 18% 15% I wouldn't vote for sure 15% 15% 5% 5% Don't know/Refused to Answer 7% 9%

XK RS BA MK 18 If the following parties/coalitions ran candidates in these elections, for which party would you vote? (Decided voters from Kosovo; excluding those who say they don’t know or they will not vote: n=463)

PDK Koalicija 1 39%

LDK Koalicija 2 26%

Samoopredelenje (Lëvizja Vetëvendosje!) 22%

Gradjanska Inicijativa Srpska Lista 7%

Jedinstvena Goranska Partija - JGP 2%

FJALA 1%

Koalicija VAKAT 1%

Other 4%

1Partia Demokratike e Kosovës‐PDK & Aleanca Për Ardhmërinë E Kosovës‐AAK & Nisma Për Kosovën‐NISMA & Partia E Drejtësisë‐PD & Lëvizja Për Bashkim‐LB & Partia Shqiptare Demokristiane e Kosovës‐PSHDK & Partia Konservatore e Kosovës‐PK & Alternativa Demokratike e Kosovës‐ADK & Republikanët E Kosovës‐REK & Partia E Ballit‐PB & Partia Socialdemokrate PSD & Balli Kombëtar I Kosovës‐BKK 2Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës ‐ LDK Aleanca Kosova e Re ‐ AKR 19 If the following parties/coalitions ran candidates in these elections, for which party would you vote? (Decided voters from Serbia; excluding those who say they don’t know or they will not vote: n=581)

Srpska napredna stranka - Aleksandar Vucic 57%

Savez za Srbiju - Dragan Djilas 13%

SPS - Socijalisticka partija Srbije 11%

Srpska radikalna stranka 6%

Aleksandar Sapic - Srpski patrotiski savez 4%

Pokret 381 - Sasa Jankovic 3%

Dosta je bilo 2%

Savez vojvodjanskih Madjara 2%

SDS - Socijaldemokratska stranka - Boris Tadic 1%

LDP 1%

SDA Sandzaka - dr Sulejman Uljanin <1%

Other 1%

20 If the following parties/coalitions ran candidates in these elections, for which party would you vote? (Decided voters from BiH; excluding those who say they don’t know or they will not vote: n=787)

SDA - Stranka Demokratske Akcije 19% Savez Nezavisnih Socijaldemokrata SNSD - Milorad Dodik 18% SDP - Socijaldemokratska Partija BIH 15% Demokratska Fronta - Zeljko Komsic 12% HDZ BIH - Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica Bosne I Hercegovine 12% SDS - Srpska Demokratska Stranka 5% PDP -Partija Demokratskog Progresa 4% Nasa Stranka 3% DNS - Demokatski Narodni SaveZ 2% Nezavisni Blok 2% Stranka Demokratske Aktivnosti A-SDA 1% Socijalisticka Partija 1% Stranka za Bosnu I Hercegovinu 1% Stranka Penzionera/Umirovljenika 1% NDP - Narodni Demokratski Pokret 1%

21 If the following parties/coalitions ran candidates in these elections, for which party would you vote? (Decided voters from North Macedonia; excluding those who say they don’t know or they will not vote: n=521)

SDSM 36%

VMRO DPMNE 35%

DUI 13%

Alijansa za albancite 6%

DPA 3%

BESA na KASAMI 3%

Besa na Gashi 2%

Socijalistica partija 1%

Glas za Makedonija 1%

VMRO Narodna 1%

LDP <1%

Edinstvena Makedonija <1%

Other 1%

22 Media Preferences

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia From which source do you get most of your daily social and political news?

4% 4% 10% Public television and radio broadcasters 2% 3% 7% 22% 44% Online news sources, such as 12% 51% online newspaper websites and blogs

24% 17% Commercial television and radio broadcasters

1%2% Offline sources, such as interactions with family, friends 6% 8% or colleagues 5% 5% 6% Major newspapers 24% 12% 49%

No Response/Refused to answer 22% 60%

24 How often do you use social media as a source of daily news? 60% 55%

51% 50%

Every day/most days

40% 40% Occasionally - once or twice per week 33% 32% 30% Rarely - once or twice 30% per month 27% Never 21% 21% 20% 19% 17% No Response/Refused to answer

11% 9% 9% 9% 10% 8% 6%

2% 1% 1% 0% XK RS BA MK

25 Thinking about major media broadcasters, the major newspapers, and similar media outlets, which of these statements is closest to your opinion?

45% The major media is 40% 40% 40% professional and unbiased, 40% providing the necessary basic information I need to know. 36% 36% 35% 32% The major media tries to be 30% 28% professional and unbiased, 27% but their worldview prevents 25% 24% them from reporting the full picture of the stories. 21% 20% 20% 17% The major media is not concerned with factual and 15% 14% correct reporting of a story, but instead is focused on 11% 10% propagating positions that 10% serves some particular 8% interest. No response/Refused to 5% answer

0% XK RS BA MK

26 Which specific media outlet do you trust the most for your news? (Up to three answers)

KLAN KOSOVA 47% FTV 23% KTV 42% BHT 14% RTV21 30% BN TV 14% RTK1 30% RTRS 13% koha.net 9% Local TV stations 9% Other (combined) 67% Other (combined) 71% No Response/Refused to answer 6% No Response/Refused to answer 18%

RTS 1 36% TV Sitel 38% Prva TV 16% TV Kanal 5 33% Tv Pink 15% TV Al sat 25% N1 13% TV Telma 22% Blic.rs 7% TV 24 Vesti 18% Other (combined) 84% Other (combined) 78% No Response/Refused to answer 15% No Response/Refused to answer 4% 27 How frequently do you use other media outlets, that often have a different point of view than the major media outlets? 80% (Local list provided)

70% 67%

Every day/Most days 60%

Occasionally - once or 50% 48% twice per week

Rarely - once or twice 40% per month 37%

33% 31% Never 30% 28%

No Response/Refused to 20% answer 20% 17% 17% 16% 16% 14% 12% 10% 11% 9% 10% 8% 4% 3% 2% 0% XK RS BA MK

28 Why do you think it is worthwhile to use outlets that often have a different point of view than the major media? 60% (Respondents who use other media outlets every day, occasionally, or rarely)

To get all points of view on 50% 48% a story, so I can make up my mind for myself.

43%

40% 37% Stories in these outlets are often more fun or exciting than those in the major media. 30% 28% 28%

25% 23% 22% 22% Major media outlets often 21% do not report some stories 20% 19% at all, so I have to read 16% alternate sources to get 15% the full picture of what is 13% going on.

10% 8% 8% 9% Major media outlets are 6% biased and refuse to 5% 4% acknowledge simple truths. Alternative sources are willing to tell the truth. 0% XK RS BA MK

Base: n=419 Base: n=261 Base: n=593 Base: n=519

29 When a major new story breaks, how do you generally get information about it? Whom do you trust most to help you 60% 56% understand what is going on?

50% I talk to my friends and 50% colleagues, and read articles they forward me. 45% 44%

40% I watch mainstream television, read national 33% newspapers, or international major media. 30% 29% 26%

I seek out expertise on the 20% 20% issue from outlets that 20% 18% have a different point of view than the major media, including social media and 12% 13% various websites. 10% 9% 10% 8% No response/Refused to 7% answer

0% XK RS BA MK

30 Values, Outlook, and Messages

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia Which statement is closest to your opinion?

13% 11% 25%

28% 53% 10% 53% 6%

10% 13% 10% 32% 16%

51% 8% 62%

[Country] belongs to the West [Country] belongs to the East

[Country] doesn't belong either in the West or the East No response/Refused to answer 32 On a scale from 1 to 5, does [country] have more in common with Western Europe or with Russia, in the following areas (1 would mean [country] is totally like Western Europe, while 5 would mean totally like Russia).

0 0 West (1+2) Russia (4+5)

Culture and Intellectual life 61% 10% 46% 19%

Morality and values 58% 11% 46% 17%

Culture and Intellectual life 20% 43% 40% 26%

Morality and values 17% 43% 37% 27%

33 On a scale from 1 to 5, does [country] have more in common with Western Europe or with Russia, in the following areas (1 would mean [country] is totally like Western Europe, while 5 would mean totally like Russia). 0 0 West (1+2) Russia (4+5)

Employment and standard of living 48% 14% 45% 13%

Healthcare, pension, and other social benefits 49% 13% 44% 14%

Employment and standard of living 13% 32% 40% 19%

Healthcare, pension, and other social benefits 13% 30% 37% 18%

34 For each of these aspects, would you like [country] to have more in common with Western Europe, or Russia? West Russia

Culture and Intellectual life 86% 8% 60% 25%

Morality and values

84% 9% 58% 26%

33% 51% 63% 29% Culture and Intellectual life

Morality and values 25% 58% 56% 31%

35 For each of these aspects, would you like [country] to have more in common with Western Europe, or Russia? West Russia

Employment and standard 84% 9% 72% 16% of living

Healthcare, pension, and other social benefits 84% 9% 71% 17%

Employment and standard 52% 31% 74% 18% of living

Healthcare, pension, and other social benefits 50% 30% 72% 18%

36 In your opinion, how important is the Christian faith and culture to the history and development of Europe?

Very important Somewhat important Somewhat unimportant Very unimportant No response/Refused to answer

31% 27% 13% 13% 16%

49% 27% 10% 6% 8%

21% 36% 15% 18% 11%

39% 32% 11% 9% 10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

37 Which of the following statements comes closest to your opinion about the role of Christian faith and culture in Europe today?

24% 20% 24% 22%

31% 22% 25% 33%

14% 18% 27% 32% 19%

29% 26% 35%

Christianity is the at the center of what it means to be European and is the source of our values. Christianity still shapes some of Europe’s institutions and values, but active faith plays little role in modern Europe. Modern Europe is secular and takes its values from non-Christian and non-religious sources. No response/Refused to answer 38 Which of the following statements comes closest to your view on developments in Europe concerning abortion, sexual rights, and religious liberty?

22% The EU is pushing us to abandon our traditional 46% values 25% 31%

47% The EU is helping us to expand our rights in a 22% liberating new direction 30% 34%

16% The EU has little to do with shaping policies on 18% these issues 29% 25%

15% 15% No response/Refused to answer 15% 10%

XK RS BA MK 39 Vladimir Putin’s Russia has tried to portray itself as a defender of Christendom and traditional European values, in areas from protection of family traditions to defense against Islamic and other non-European cultures. What is your opinion of this view of Russia? (Note: Albanians, Bosniaks, and Muslims were not asked this question)

16% 16%

21% 53% 16% 50%

10% 18% Respondents: n=113 Respondents: n=432

19% 19%

42% 8% 54% 15%

19% 24% Respondents: n=760

It is true - Russia has taken the side of traditional European values. It is not really true – Russia is pretending to stand up for traditional European values. It is not true at all – It demonstrates Russia’s rejection of modern Western values of tolerance and inclusiveness. No response/Refused to answer 40 Which of the following statements comes closest to your view of Russia and Putin as you consider these changes in European culture and practice? (Respondents who answered that it is true that Russia is defending European values)

11% 28% 11%

9% 5% 57% 11% 69%

Respondents: n=59 Respondents: n=230

12% 20% 29% 19% 57%

13% 36% 15%

Respondents: n=555 Respondents: n=317

Russia and Putin can be allies against an EU that is pushing us to abandon our values. I wish Russia could be an ally, but I don't trust Putin. Some cooperation would be possible, but I would be very careful. Regardless of my disagreement with some EU policies, I don't think Russia should have any influence over how EU policies are made. No response/Refused to answer 41 How important is the Islamic faith and culture to the history and development of Europe?

Very important Somewhat important Somewhat unimportant Very unimportant No response/Refused to answer

28% 30% 13% 16% 13%

19% 31% 17% 18% 16%

14% 35% 20% 21% 10%

18% 34% 17% 21% 10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

42 Does the growth in the Muslim population in areas that were not traditionally populated by Muslims pose any challenge to the stability or prosperity of Europe or not? (Note: Albanians, Bosniaks, and Muslims were not asked this question)

13% 20% 21% 35%

21% 35% 32% 25% Respondents: n=113 Respondents: n=461

17% 13%

40% 14% 22% 53%

16% 25% Respondents: n=760

Yes, a big challenge Yes, but only a small challenge No, no challenge No response/Refused to answer

43 Foreign Relations and Foreign Influence

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia [Country’s] interests are best served by maintaining strong relations with: 0%XK RS BA MK 0% Disagree Agree

7% 91% European Union 28% 66% 32% 64% 20% 78%

8% 90% United States 49% 45% 51% 43% 30% 67%

8% 90% NATO 70% 23% 51% 43% 24% 72%

53% 39% Arab countries 39% 52% 62% 32% 38% 33%

81% 15% Russia 11% 85% 50% 44% 40% 55%

69% 25% China 10% 84% 48% 46% 35% 55% 45 Why do you think our country’s interests are best served by maintaining strong relations with Russia? (Respondents who answered “Russia” on the previous question) 38% 36% Russians are our Orthodox brothers 28% 37% 17% Russia is the only country capable of standing up to 17% the West 20% 16% 13% 10% Russia is our protector throughout history 9% 6% 9% 9% Russia is our biggest export market 5% 16% 6% 5% Russia is our main energy provider 5% 5% 2% Russia is our true ally and guarantor of national 7% borders and sovereignty 10% 11% 8% 4% Russia is the biggest investor in [country] 3% 1% 2% Russia is close and dangerous - we must keep on good 4% terms to protect ourselves 11% 6% 5% 8% Don't know/Refused to answer 10% 4%

XK RS BA MK 46 Which country is the biggest source of foreign aid in [country]? 60%

51% Germany 50% USA

Russia

40% EU

35% China

Turkey 30% 27% 26% 26% Other 25% 25% No response/Refused to answer 20% 19% 17% 17% 17% 16% 15% 14% 13% 11% 11% 11% 10% 6% 3% 4% 3% 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% <1% <1% 1% 0% XK RS BA MK

47 Which country is the biggest source of foreign investment in

40% [country]?

37% 36% 36% Germany 35% 34% 33% USA

30% Russia

25% 24% China

Turkey 20% 20% Other 17% 17% 15% 15% No response/Refused to 15% 15% 15% answer 12% 11% 11% 10% 10% 10% 10%

6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% <1% <1% 0% XK RS BA MK

48 Which of the following statements comes closest to your view on foreign investment in [country]?

49% Foreign investment is primarily about economics 32% – delivering economic benefits to both sides 27% 36%

24% Foreign investment is primarily about politics 24% and influence, and exerts control over [country] 30% 26%

19% Foreign investment brings some economics 36% benefits, but also carries certain expectations and conditions 28% 32%

8% 8% No response/Refused to answer 15% 6%

XK RS BA MK 49 Which of the following statements is closest to your opinion about the source of foreign investment?

29% I would rather have foreign investment from 14% Germany and the EU countries than from Russia, 19% China, or Turkey 28% 4% I would rather have foreign investment from 11% Russia than from the EU, China, or Turkey 15% 8% 3% I would rather have foreign investment from 4% China than from the EU, Russia, or Turkey 2% 4% 3% I would rather have foreign investment from 2% Turkey than from the EU, Russia, or China 6% 5% 54% I don't care where the foreign investment comes 57% from - the most important thing is to create new 45% jobs and to improve 49% 7% 12% Don't know/Refused to answer 13% 5%

XK RS BA MK 50 In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit [country] would receive through membership in the European Union?

38% Access to the common market and border- 33% free travel 26% 34% 29% 31% Financial aid coming from the EU 37% 29% 11% 11% Security and stability 9% 16% 11% Support for democratic governance and 6% rule of law 8% 7% 7% 3% Support of European cultures and values 6% 5% 1% 11% None 7% 6% 4% 5% No response/Refused to answer 7% 2%

XK RS BA MK 51 In your opinion, what is the greatest cost [country] would endure through its membership in the European Union?

42% Rising prices and increased economic 18% competition from other member states 38% 32% 15% Undermining of traditional values and ways of 18% life 17% 12% 9% Being treated like "junior partners" in the 15% European Project 9% 12% 7% 31% Loss of independence and sovereignty 18% 26% 13% 7% None 9% 11% 14% 11% No response/Refused to answer 9% 7%

XK RS BA MK 52 When you hear politicians, journalists, or academics talk about “European values,” what do you think they are referring to? Can you name a European value? (Top five spontaneous answers)

Economic stability and Economic stability and development/Employment 6% development/Employment 4% Human rights and Stability, security freedom/Tolerance 6% 4% Culture, tradition 3% High living standard 4%

High living standard 2% Human rights and freedom 3% The rule of law/Order and Listen to people/citizens 2% discipline 2% Other 14% Other 13%

Nothing/None 1% Nothing/None 1%

Don't know/Refused to answer 67% No response/Refused to answer 71%

Economic stability and High living standard 10% development/Employment 7% The rule of law/Order and High living standard discipline 9% 7% Culture, tradition 5% Culture, tradition 6% The rule of law/Order and Human rights and freedom 5% discipline 6% Economic stability and Valorization of labor/High development/Employment 3% incomes 3% Other 16% Other 28%

Nothing/None 3% Nothing/None 2%

No response/Refused to answer 50% No response/Refused to answer 44% 53 What about your personal values? Can you name one value that you personally hold higher than others? (Spontaneous answers)

Morality 8% Family 6% Justice/Fairness/Equality 3% Tolerance/Respect 3% Culture 3% Good/committed workers 2% Education 2% Tradition 2% Sincerity/Truth 2% Language 1% Nation/Nationality 1% Young populations 1% A good man 1% Humaneness/Care for others/Solidarity/Empathy 1% Health 1% Wise/Calm 1% Patriotism 1% Persistence/Patience <1% Temperament/Nature <1% Honesty <1% Faith in God <1% Other 4% Nothing/None <1% No response/Refused to answer 58%

54 What about your personal values? Can you name one value that you personally hold higher than others? (Spontaneous answers)

Honesty 13% Family 8% Normal and decent life 5% Diligence 5% Justice/Fairness/Equality 4% Sincerity/Truth 4% Freedom 3% Morality 3% Humaneness/Care for others/Solidarity/Empathy 2% Patriotism 2% Faith in God 2% Responsibility/Discipline 2% Health 2% Tolerance/Respect 2% Tradition 1% Dignity/Pride 1% Education 1% A good man 1% Culture 1% Persistence/Patience 1% Optimism/Positivity 1% Communicativeness/Friendliness 1% Other 4% Nothing/None <1% No response/Refused to answer 35%

55 What about your personal values? Can you name one value that you personally hold higher than others? (Spontaneous answers)

Family 6% Honesty 5% Diligence 4% Sincerity/Truth 3% Better standard 2% Health 2% Responsibility/Discipline 1% Tolerance/Respect 1% Education 1% Persistence/Patience 1% A good man 1% Normal and decent life 1% Freedom 1% Morality 1% Manageability/Ability 1% Faith in God 1% Other 5% Nothing 1% Don't know/Refused to answer 62%

56 What about your personal values? Can you name one value that you personally hold higher than others? (Spontaneous answers)

Family 10% Success/Employee 8% Diligence 6% Honesty 4% Justice/Fairness/Equality 3% Health 3% Normal and decent life 2% Culture 2% Patriotism 2% Tolerance/Respect 2% Morality 2% Faith in God 2% Responsibility/Discipline 2% A good man 2% Humaneness/Care for others/Solidarity/Empathy 2% Sincerity/Truth 1% Trust/Self-confidence 1% Education 1% Freedom 1% Tradition 1% Principles 1% Other 7% Nothing/None <1% No response/Refused to answer 37% 57 How does the security situation today compare to the situation five years ago? Is it: More secure About the same Less secure No response/Refused to answer

XK 48% 39% 12% 1%

RS 25% 45% 28% 3%

BA 15% 62% 19% 4% In your Country MK 21% 43% 33% 3%

XK 45% 39% 8% 8%

RS 15% 45% 33% 7%

BA 13% 62% 20% 5% In the

W. Balkans W. MK 23% 41% 26% 10%

XK 59% 30% 5% 5%

RS 15% 39% 38% 7% In BA 16% 59% 20% 5% Europe

MK 29% 37% 27% 6% 58 How do you expect the security situation to be five years from now? Will it be: More secure About the same Less secure No response/Refused to answer

XK 65% 26% 7% 3%

RS 28% 41% 22% 10% In your Country BA 16% 61% 19% 5%

MK 36% 36% 21% 8%

XK 66% 24% 4% 6%

RS 23% 42% 23% 12%

BA 16% 60% 19% 5% In theIn

W. Balkans W. MK 34% 36% 18% 12%

XK 67% 24% 4% 5%

RS 25% 39% 26% 11% In BA 16% 56% 22% 5% Europe

MK 37% 34% 18% 11% 59 In your opinion, what is the biggest security threat facing [country] today?

13% 27% Regional tensions/Ethnic and religious conflict 14% 19% 41% 25% Organized crime/drugs/trafficking 29% 33% 8% 20% Open military conflict between countries/War 13% 14% 4% 9% Terrorism 12% 6% 13% 6% Collapse of national/poltical/financial system 13% 14% 10% Non-military foreign interference (cyber- 4% attacks, political/economic pressure) 6% 4% 2% 2% Natural disasters 4% 3% 1% 1% Climate change 1% 2% 1% <1% Other 1% <1% 2% 2% None 4% 1% 6% 3% No response/Refused to answer 5% 3% XK RS BA MK 60 Foreign Relations and Foreign Influence

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia What is your personal view of NATO?

Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/Refused to answer

1% 77% 15% 3% 4%

1% 8% 19% 61% 10%

17% 33% 16% 23% 11%

28% 45% 14% 8% 6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

62 In your opinion, [country’s] future is best served by having what kind of relationship with NATO?

4%4% 4% 10% 6% 38% 23%

81% 14% 15%

6% 8% 6% 7% 18% 7%

59% 43% 21% 25%

Full membership Closer cooperation but not membership More communication but no cooperation No relationship at all No response/Refused to answer 63 If a referendum were held this coming Sunday on [country’s] membership in the EU, how would you vote?

5% 7% 6% 4% 7% 15%

72% 85%

7% 10% 17% 12%

50% 7% 69% 27%

I would vote for membership I would vote against membership

I wouldn't vote at all No response/Refused to answer 64 Which of the following statements comes closest to your reason for not voting in favor of EU membership? (Respondents who would vote against or wouldn’t vote at all)

I don't believe in the values 17% 14% of the EU. 28% 30%

22% 32% I am fed up with the pressure we receive in order to enter the EU. 33% 23% Respondents: n=105 Respondents: n=227

After watching the Greek crisis, the Euro crisis, and the migrant crisis in the EU, 8% 8% I don’t think that EU 25% membership would do us any good. 22% 37% 24% No response/Refused to answer

33% Respondents: n=405 43% Respondents: n=248 65 Which statement is closest to your opinion about European 60% Union membership?

55%

50% EU membership will bring real and substantial 45% benefits to my life and that of my family.

40% 40%

EU membership will bring a few benefits to my life and 32% my family’s life, but they 30% won’t be very significant or 29% 30% 28% 28% noticeable.

24% 23% 23% I do not expect to notice 20% any benefits from EU membership.

13% 11%

10% 8% 7% No response/Refused to 4% answer

0% XK RS BA MK

66 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Ukraine is a part of Russia’s sphere of influence, thus Russia has a right to have a role in decisions made in Ukraine.” Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree No Response/Refused to answer

24% 12% 8% 27% 29%

13% 22% 12% 17% 36%

11% 27% 20% 21% 22%

12% 26% 15% 19% 28%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

67 Demographics

Kosovo Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia Demographics

70% 65%

60% 54% 49% 51% 50%

40% 33% 31% 34% 32% 30% 26% 22% 24% 22% 20% 17% 13% 11% 9% 10% 5% 2% 2% 0% 61+ Male 18-29 30-44 45-60 Female Secondary No income Over Over 900 eur Up to 180 eur Up 181 to 400 eur 181 to 400 eur 401 to 600 eur 601 to 900 Elementary or less married) College or university Married, living with a partner Divorced and other (usedto be No response/Refused to answer No Single, not living with a partner GENDER AGE EDUCATION MARITAL TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME STATUS 69 Demographics

70%

61% 60%

50%

39% 40% 37%

30%

20% 18% 18% 14% 13%

10%

0% Urban Rural Pristina Northwest Southwest North Southeast URBANITY REGION 70 Demographics

70% 64% 61% 60% 52% 49% 50% 40% 35% 31% 30% 25% 26% 25% 24% 19% 20% 20% 16% 15% 15% 17% 10% 5% 2% 2% 0% 61+ Male 18-29 30-44 45-60 Female Secondary No income No Elementary or less Up to 30000 dinars 30000 to Up Over 150000 dinars 150000 Over College or university College 30001 to 64000 dinars 64000 to 30001 64001 to 100000 dinars 100000 to 64001 100001 to 150000 dinars 150000 to 100001 Married, living with partnera Divorced and other (usedbe… to No response/Refused to answer Single,living partnera not with GENDER AGE EDUCATION MARITAL TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME STATUS 71 Demographics

70%

60% 58%

50%

42% 40%

28% 30% 27% 22% 23% 20%

10%

0% Urban Rural Belgrade North West Southeast URBANITY REGION 72 Demographics

80%

70% 67% 62% 60% 49% 51% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 27% 24% 22% 22% 22% 18% 20% 16% 16% 11% 12% 10% 3% 5% 3% 0% 61+ Male 18-29 30-44 45-60 Female Secondary No income Up to 500 KM to 500 Up Over 2000 KM 2000 Over 501 to 1000 KM to 1000 501 1001 to 1500 KM to 1001 2000 KM to 1501 Elementary or less married) College or university Married,living with a partner Divorced and other (usedto be No response/Refused to answer Single, not living withpartner a GENDER AGE EDUCATION MARITAL TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME STATUS 73 Demographics

70%

62% 60% 57%

50%

43%

40% 36%

30%

20%

10%

2% 0% Urban Rural Federation BiH Republic of Brcko District Srpska URBANITY REGION 74 Demographics

70% 67% 60% 50% 50% 49% 50% 40% 36% 28% 29% 30% 26% 26% 23% 23% 20% 22% 20% 15% 14% 10% 7% 8% 6% 1% 0% 61+ Male 18-29 30-44 45-60 Female Secondary No income Elementary or less Over 61600 denars 61600 Over Up to 12300 denars to 12300 Up married) College or university 12300 to 24600 denars 24600 to 12300 denars 40000 to 24600 denars 61600 to 40000 Married,living with a partner Divorced and other (usedto be No response/Refused to answer Single, not living withpartner a GENDER AGE EDUCATION MARITAL TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME STATUS 75 Demographics

70%

60% 60%

50%

40% 40%

30% 29% 26% 24% 21% 20%

10%

0% Urban Rural Skopje Northwest Southwest East URBANITY REGION 76 Demographics

30% 24% 25% 19% 20%

15% 13% 11% 10% 8% 7% 7% 5% 3% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% <1% 1% 1% <1% 0% Pupil Student Housewife Pensioner Maternity leave Farmer, fisherman Top executive manager Unemployed (currently) Earns in some other way Unskilled manual worker Middle executive manager doctor, teacher, etc.) Owns big a company,stockholder White-collar (administration, etc.) Highly qualifiedintellectual (lawyer, Semiskilledand skilled manual worker Owns small a company, workshop,etc. Highly qualifiedintellectual who is self- employed (lawyer, doctor, teacher,etc.) EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED 77 Demographics

30% 27% 25% 20% 20%

15% 12% 10% 9% 6% 5% 4% 5% 5% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% <1% 0% Pupil Student Housewife Pensioner Maternity leave Farmer, fisherman Top executive manager Unemployed (currently) Earns in some other way Unskilled manual worker Middle executive manager doctor, teacher, etc.) White-collar (administration, etc.) Highly qualifiedintellectual (lawyer, Semiskilledand skilled manual worker Owns small a company, workshop,etc. Highly qualifiedintellectual who is self- employed (lawyer, doctor, teacher,etc.) EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED 78 Demographics

30% 24% 25% 20% 20%

15% 14% 14%

10% 8% 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 1% 1% 0% 0% Retired Housewife Unemployed Pupil, Student etc.) Farmer, fisherman Middle management Middle workers Skilled manual workers directors etc..) teacher, etc.) Experts and intellectuals Higher managementHigher (managers, (professors, engineers, doctors, self-employed (lawyer, doctor, Unskilled and semiskilled manualUnskilled and White-collar (administration, etc.) Highly qualified is intellectual who EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED 79 Demographics

25% 22% 20% 19% 19%

15% 11% 10% 6% 5% 5% 4% 3% 4% 2% 2% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% Pupil Student Housewife Pensioner Farmer, fisherman etc.) Top executive manager executive Top Unemployed (currently) Earns in some other way Unskilled manual worker Middle executive manager doctor, teacher, etc.) White-collar (administration, etc.) Highly qualified intellectual (lawyer, employed (lawyer, (lawyer, doctor, teacher, employed Semiskilled and skilled manual worker manual Semiskilledskilled and Owns a small company, workshop, etc. workshop, company, small a Owns Highly qualified intellectual who self-is intellectualqualified who Highly EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED 80 Demographics

100% 88% 90% 80% 70% 60% 52% 50% 40% 32% 26% 30% 23% 20% 20% 14% 14% 8% 8% 8% 10% 4% 1% 3% 0% Never Islamic Catholic Orthodox Every week Very religious Very Very irreligious Very month Somewhat religious Somewhat Somewhat irreligious Occassionally/once or twice a twice or Occassionally/once No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer Rarely / on Major religious holidays religious Major on / Rarely What is your religious To what extent do you consider How often do you go to or attend affiliation? yourself religious or not? other religious services? 81 Demographics

100% 88% 90% 80% 70% 60% 57% 49% 50% 40% 30% 25% 21% 18% 20% 10% 10% 10% 2% 4% 3% 4% 2% 4% 5% 0% Other Never Islamic Catholic Orthodox Every week Every Very religious Very irreligious Somewhat religious Somewhat irreligious No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused Rarely / on Major religious Major / holidays Rarely on Occassionally/once or twice a monthOccassionally/once twice or a What is your religious To what extent do you consider How often do you go to or affiliation? yourself religious or not? attend other religious services? 82 Demographics

70% 58% 60% 54% 50% 39% 40% 31% 28% 30% 16% 20% 13% 14% 14% 15% 9% 10% 1% 2% 4% 0% Never Islamic Catholic Orthodox Every week Very religious Very Very irreligious Very month Somewhat religious Somewhat Somewhat irreligious Occassionally/once or twice a twice or Occassionally/once No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer Rarely / on Major religious holidays religious Major on / Rarely What is your religious To what extent do you consider How often do you go to or attend affiliation? yourself religious or not? other religious services? 83 Demographics

70% 63% 60% 54% 50% 42% 40% 36% 38% 29% 30% 22% 20% 7% 10% 4% 3% 1% <1% 1% 1% 0% Other Never Islamic Catholic Orthodox Every week Very religious Very Very irreligious Very month Somewhat religious Somewhat Somewhat irreligious Occassionally/once or twice a twice or Occassionally/once No Response/Refused to answer No Response/Refused to answer Rarely / on Major religious holidays religious Major on / Rarely What is your religious To what extent do you consider How often do you go to or attend affiliation? yourself religious or not? other religious services? 84 Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls Please tell me whether each of the following statements is true or false:

0%XK RS BA MK TRUE FALSE 0%

14% 74% _____ is a member of NATO 3% 86% 12% 75% 11% 85%

20% 58% Russia is a member of NATO 3% 82% 16% 63% 17% 66%

48% 23% Canada is a member of NATO 35% 20% 37% 35% 31% 36%

63% 15% Turkey is a member of NATO 48% 19% 43% 33% 50% 29%

59% 18% Montenegro is a member of NATO 69% 11% 48% 29% 52% 22% Not for public distribution 86 Please tell me whether each of the following statements is true or false:

XK RS BA MK TRUE FALSE 64% 12% Members of NATO are required to participate in all NATO missions 57% 15% 62% 19% 69% 14%

65% 11% NATO defends democratic systems, and requires members to maintain democratic governments 25% 40% 55% 25% 63% 20%

53% 16% NATO soldiers are not subject to the national laws of the countries where they are based 53% 16% 54% 24% 53% 21%

68% 7% NATO members promise to defend all members, even the smallest ones 52% 19% 61% 20% 71% 14%

60% 11% NATO membership tends to be cheaper than trying to maintain national defense on your own 18% 44% 51% 25% 48% 27%

61% 11% All NATO members have an equal vote in alliance decision making 30% 34% 53% 23% 62% 19% Not for public distribution 87 How strongly do you associate each of the following with NATO?

XK RS BA MK Association Low High 15% 77% Security and stability 55% 28% 48% 43% 54% 41%

38% 40% Militarism 15% 62% 49% 38% 37% 37%

17% 68% Political alliance or partnership 28% 53% 47% 42% 48% 39%

12% 81% United States 11% 75% 42% 47% 59% 32%

9% 83% European Union 19% 66% 38% 51% 61% 32%

64% 21% Russia 69% 15% 60% 28% 31% 59% Not for public distribution 88 How strongly do you associate each of the following with NATO? Association XK RS BA MK Low High 13% 75% Expensive equipment and big military budgets 12% 72% 38% 50% 20% 70%

15% 73% Troop deployment overseas 11% 72% 40% 49% 20% 71%

16% 74% Self-defense 44% 37% 46% 43% 26% 61%

18% 65% Cost savings by sharing the burden of defense 44% 31% 46% 41% 32% 47%

27% 54% International tensions and rivalries 12% 71% 45% 43% 31% 50%

64% 21% Russia 69% 15% 60% 28% 31% 59% Not for public distribution 89 In what era was NATO founded?

50 XK 45% 45% 45 42% RS

40 38% BA

35 MK 32%

30 28%

25 23% 24% 23% 23% 21% 20

15% 15 14% 12%

10 8%

5 4% 2% <1% <1% 1% 0 Late 1940s 1960s 1990s 2010s No Response/Refused Not for public distribution 90