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Proceedings Ofthe Danish Institute at Athens • II Proceedings ofthe Danish Institute at Athens • II Edited by Seven Dietz & Signe Isager Aarhus U niversitetstorlag Langelandsgade 177 8200 Arhus N © Copyright The Danish Institute at Athens,Athens 1998 The publication was sponsored by: The Danish Research Council for the Humanities. Consul General Gosta Enbom's Foundation. Konsul Georgjorck og hustru Emmajorck's Fond. Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens General Editor: Seren Dietz and Signe Isager Graphic design and Production by: Freddy Pedersen Printed in Denmark on permanent paper ISBN 87 7288 722 2 Distributed by: AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS University ofAarhus DK-8000 Arhus C Fax (+45) 8619 8433 73 Lime Walk Headington, Oxford OX3 7AD Fax (+44) 865 750 079 Box 511 Oakvill, Conn. 06779 Fax (+1) 203 945 94 9468 The drawing reproduced as cover illustration represents Kristian Jeppesen's proposal for the restoration of the Maussolleion, in particular of the colonnade (PTERON) in which portrait statues of members of the Hecatomnid dynasty said to have been carved by the famous artists Scopas, Bryaxis,Timotheos, and Leochares were exhibited. Drawing by the author, see p. 173, Abb. 5, C. Surveys and Excavations in Chalkis, Aetolias, 1995-1996. First preliminary report Edited by Contents: Soren DietZ, Preface •234 -A Catalogue ofSelected Finds from the LazaWS KolonaS, hY Smm Dktz and Uzaros Kolonas Survey at Pangali, 1995-1996 • 272 by Theophanis Mavridis and Hege A.Alisoy Ioannis Moschos Chalkis in Aetolia in AncientWritten and Sanne Sources and Early Modern Travel - Excavations at Pangali, 1996 • 280 Accounts 238 by Michalis Cazis Houby-Nielsen by Sanne Houby-Nielsen II. Surveys and Excavations 1995-1996. Excavations at Haghia Triadha, 1996 • 282 A Preliminary Report 255 by Soren Dietz and Ioannis Moschos I. -A Catalogue ofSelected Finds from the Surveys and Architectural Measurings at Excavation at Haghia Triadha, 1996 • 287 Haghia Triadha and Pangali, 1995 • 255 by Soren Dietz by Ioannis Moschos and Sanne Houby-Niel sen Bibliography and Abbreviations 312 -A Catalogue of Selected Finds from the Survey at Haghia Triadha, 1995 • 259 by Jonas Eiring 233 Preface The Greek-Danish field project around usual type of"barbarian" Aetolian societies by the small village of KatoVassiliki began thought to be of the old fashioned ethnos during the summer of 1995 and was con type.3 Chalkis itself is supposed to be a link Soren Dietz tinued in 1996 and 1997.The present pre in the chain ofCorinthian strongholds and liminary report presents some ofthe main ("apoikiai") along the north-western results from the survey campaign 1995 and Greek coast,4 probably already established Lazaros Kolonas the first excavations carried out in 1996. before 800 B.C. During the earlier years of the Peloponnesian war the town fell to the In Antiquity the area was named Chalkis1, Athenians.5 Homer evidently meant the NOTE 1 a town in the coastland ofAetolia by the coastland when he used the term Aetolia. The literary evidences are gulf ofCorinth.The term Aiolis was used dealt with by Houby- by Thucydides for the coastland (or for Whatever the precise meaning ofthe ter Nielsen pp. 238-254. parts ofit) which was not, strictly speak minology Aiolis, the coastal zone towards NOTE 2 ing, included in Aetolia until the end of the gulf ofCorinth (or Patraikos Kolpos as Der Kleme Pauli I, 182- the Achaian occupation in 366 B.C. and it is called today) is a specific geographical 183; Kirsten & Kraiker the succeeding creation ofthe Aetolian unit with a proper historical development 1967, 756 etal. league.2 Geographically this landscape ex compared to the landscape ofpresent-day NOTE 3 tends roughly from the Acheloos river and Aetolia. The choice ofChalkis as our joint Kirsten & Kraiker 1967, south ofMt. Arakynthos to the sea. Some topic of research was dictated by a wish to 756. scholars suggest that settlements in this re contribute to the study of the coastal zone gion were ofpolis-type in contrast to the in Antiquity and not least to a better NOTE 4 Kirsten & Kraiker 1967, 715. NOTE 5 Thucydides 3, 102 and Houby-Nielsen pp. 238- 254. Fig. \. Thearea around the modern village of Kato Vassi- liki.The site of HaghiaTria dha is seen in thefront.Pan gali in the background. (Photo Henrik Frost 1996). 234 understanding ofthe periods preceeding visible today. On the west side ofthe river the establishment ofthe powerful Aetolian Euvinos and Mt.Varassova — in ancient league. What was the character of the times called Mt. Chalkis —the large and Bronze Age societies? What was its Myce important site ofKalydon was situated. naean society like (Chalkis was one ofthe The temple area, the Laphrion and the five Aetolian towns contributing ships to Heroon, the so-called Leonteion, were ex the Trojan War)?What was its development cavated by Konstantinos Rhomaios and to the Iron Age? How did a harbour town Frederik Poulsen during three campaigns function along the sea route to Southern in 1926, 1928 and 1932 and extensively Italy at the time ofcolonization? What published.10 Kalydon constitutes our most were societies like in Archaic and Classical important site ofreference, but it should times? What was the economic basis for be emphasized that the town itself has not life, what were the religious institutions been studied, except for a trial excavation like and what were the relations with the ofSotiriadis who reported the existence of remaining part ofthe Greek world? A pre Mycenaean walls and Mycenaean and liminary examination ofthe surface sherds Geometric sherds.11 For comparative rea before the project started indicated that sons an excavation ofthe Kalydon Acro the site of Haghia Triadha might be able to polis should have a high priority. As a cu contribute at least some answers to such riosity it should be mentioned that even questions. Poulsen and Rhomaios considered the possibility ofan excavation " ... in der There is general agreement that the an Nahe vonVassiliki ..., wo die alte aitolis- cient town of Chalkis was situated near the che Stadt Chalkis gelegen hat, ... "J2 Fi sea, in the valley defined by mountVaras- nally the town ofMakynia, the western sova (915 m.) to the West and Mt. Chlo- neighbour of Chalkis has been measured kova (1039 m.) to the East.6The territory and studied in recent years.13 ofthe city-state probably extends inland to the river Euvinos where it borders the ter The campaign of 1995 lasted from July 3 ritory of Kalydon. As for the more precise to July 28.The primary aims were: 1) to NOTE 6 localization of the ancient town opinions, accomplish intensive surveys on both sites See Houby-Nielsen below. however, differ between the mound of 2) to carry out wall cleaning at the site of Haghia Triadha, east of KatoVassiliki and Haghia Triadha and 3) to measure and NOTE 7 the site ofKastro/Pangali (from now on draw plans ofarchitectural remains visible See Houby-Nielsen below. referred to as Pangali) at a plateau on the on the surface (Figs. 6 and 8). During the NOTE 8 east slopes ofVarassova (Fig. 2), with the first campaign a grid of 10 X 10 m. square Noack 1916. majority ofscholars prefering the latter.7 and 20 X 10 m. in Pangali was laid out (be In a report from 1916, Konstantinos Rho low Fig. 6). NOTE 9 maios briefly mentions that the site of Paliouras 1985. Chalkis could well be identified with the The aim during the summer campaign of NOTE 10 mound of Haghia Triadha.The results of 1996, from June 24 to July 26, was to carry Poulsen & Rhomaios the present project seem to indicate that out excavations ofstrategical points at 1927, Dyggve, Poulsen & Rhomaios was right. But still more data Haghia Triadha in order to get an impres Rhomaios 1934 and are needed for the final conclusion. sion ofthe stratigraphical situation and a Dyggve 1948. better idea of the architecture preserved Previous field work in the area was carried (below pp. 282-284). In addition a geolog NOTE 11 Praktika 1908,99. out by Noack8 who measured and pub ical survey was initiated aimed at a general lished plans and sketches ofPangali and A. description ofthe geology in the valley, NOTE 12 Paliouras who excavated and restored the with special reference to the study of Poulsen & Rhomaios three-aisled basilica Haghia Triadha erected changing shore lines from Antiquity up to 1927,4. on bedrock on the very top ofthe Acrop the present day. NOTE 13 olis plateau ofthe mound.9 The work of Kolonas 198. Professor Paliouras on the church is clearly At Pangali intensive surface collecting on a 235 Final Neolithic site near the south en Surveying: Charalambos Marinopoulos, Poul- Fig. 2. Geodetic map of the ceinte ofthe Pangali was carried out in Erik Skovgaard and Christos Kolonas area around the modern vil 1995,and in 1996 (see below p.255-257, Pottery registration:Jofz<j5 Eiring lage ofKato Vassiliki (Geod. Inst.Athens). 280-281) a trial trench 2 X2 m. square was Conservation: Leonidas Pavlatos excavated on a higher terrace. Students: Annette Gabrielsen, Grith Thor- gaardjcsperJensen, Trine Eltang, Heidi von The participants in the two campaigns were the Wettstein, Signe Gindrup, Theofanis Mavridis following: Technicians: Spiros Pittas, Dimitris Evangel- iou, Eugenios Tsamis, Avgerinos Anastasopoulos 1995: Project leaders: Lazaros Kolonas and Soren 1996: Dietz Project leaders: Lazaros Kolonas and Soren Field directors: Sanne Houby-Nielsen and Dietz Ioannis Moschos Field Directors: Sanne Houby-Nielsen and Archaeologists: Michalis Cazis, Efy Saranti Ioannis Moschos and Olga Christakopoulou Archaeologists: Michalis Cazis 236 Fig. 3. Participants in the campaign 1995 (photo July 1995). Surveying: Charalambos Marinopoulos, Chris- iou, Eugenios Tsamis, Avgerinos Anastasopou- tos Kolonas los, Apostolis Zarkadoulas. Pottery registration:Jonas Eiring Students:Jctte Husum, Lisbeth Bredholt Geology: Kaj Strand Petersen Christensen, SineToft Jensen, JesperJensen, Ida Photography: Hans Henrik Frost Thuesen, Heidi von Wettstein, Theofanis Mav Conservation: Leonidas Pavlatos ridis, HegeA.
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