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ANCIENT EUBOEA: STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF A GREEK ISLAND FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 404 B.C. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Vedder, Richard Glen, 1950- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 05:15:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290465 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. 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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St, John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 7815798 VEDDER* RICHARD GLEN ANCIENT EUBOEAl STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF A GREEK ISLAND FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 404 B.C# THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA# PH.D., 1976 University Microfilms International 3oon.zeebroad.ann arbor. mmsio6 0 1978 RICHARD GLEN VEDDER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANCIENT EUBOEA: STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF A GREEK ISLAND FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 404 B.C. by Richard Glen Vedder A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 8 Copyright 1978 Richard Glen Vedder THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Richard Glen Vedder entitled ANCIENT EUBOEA: STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF A GREEK ISLAND FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 40 4 B.C. be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the deeree of Doctor of Philosophy As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. To My Parents, With all my love. iii PREFACE As the title indicates, this dissertation is not a comprehensive history of Euboea to 4 04 B.C. Such a work cannot yet be written owing to a general lack of investiga tion into Euboean studies by archaeologists and historians. Therefore, this project has been conceived with the follow ing goals in mind: (1) to assemble from divergent sources a coherent outline of Euboean affairs during the centuries when the island's population enjoyed full autonomy and freedom from outside intervention; (2) to emphasize thereby the very significant contributions made by Euboeans to the formative development of Ancient Greece, especially in the fields of trade, colonization, and cultural transmission; (3) to draw attention to the numerous archaeological problems connected with interpreting Euboean history; and (4) to stimulate further archaeological and historical study of Ancient Euboea. In my labors I have been greatly assisted by the following individuals to whom I owe the deepest thanks: Roger A. de Laix, The University of Arizona, my dissertation director and mentor; Thomas W. Parker, The University of Arizona, second reader; William G. Deever, The University of Arizona, third reader; Sterling P. Vinson, The University of Arizona; Thomas W. Jacobsen, Indiana University; M. R. iv Popham, British School of Archaeology at Athens; David French, British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara; and a special thanks to Susan Spaulding and Inga Ryersbach, University of Arizona Library. None of these kind people i to be held responsible for any remaining factual errors. Abbreviations herein are those followed by the Archaeological Institute of America (1976), the Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd ed., and the Liddell^Scott Greek- English Lexicon, except for personal abbreviations given on pp. xi-xii. All translations from the ancient Greek are my own. The transliteration of Greek names into English is a notorious problem; in this matter I have tried to be faith ful to the original Greek spelling except for those names that frequently appear in English, e.g., Euboea, Chalcis, and Thucydides. All dates are B.C. unless otherwise noted. Illustration credits are as follows: Fig. 13 from AntK, 17 (1974), 20; Fig. 14 from Lefkandi, Figs. 60, 62, 65, and 72; Fig. 20 from AntK, 15 (1972), 41; and Fig. 21 from AntK, 15 (1972), 44. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS viii LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF PERSONAL ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK ... xi ABSTRACT xiii CHAPTER I. ANCIENT EUBOEA TO c. 900 B.C 1 The Legendary Inhabitants of Euboea .... 8 Neolithic and Helladic Euboea 16 Protogeometric Euboea 3 9 II. EUBOEA AS A COMMERCIAL POWER, c. 900-700 B.C 52 The Archaeological Record 52 Euboean Activity in the Aegean World .... 63 The Eastern Mediterranean 85 The Western Mediterranean 102 Summary 136 III. EUBOEA DURING THE ARCHAIC AGE, 700-500 B.C. 139 The Archaeological Record 139 The Lelantine War 147 Archaic Euboean Colonization 170 Archaic Euboean Political Systems 171 Archaic Euboean Coinage 179 The War of 506 183 An Eretrian Thalassocracy? 188 IV. EUBOEA VERSUS PERSIA AND ATHENS, 499-404 B.C 192 The Archaeological Record 192 Euboea in the Struggle Against Persia (499-478) 195 vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Euboea and the Delian League (478-c. 450) 209 The First Euboean Revolt (c. 450- 446/5) 214 Euboea int the Athenian Empire (445-413) 257 The Second Euboean Revolt (413-404) .... 261 Postscript 268 REFERENCES 271 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Map of Euboea and Its Environs 2 2. Map of Known or Suspected Neolithic Period Sites in Euboea 18 3. Map of Known Obsidian Sites in Euboea 19 4. Map of Known or Suspected Early Helladic Period Sites in Euboea .' . 21 5. Lefkandi 24 6. Map of Known or Suspected Middle Helladic Period Sites in Euboea 27 7. Map of Known or Suspected Late Helladic (Mycenaean) Period Sites in Euboea . 30 8. Late Helladic IIIC Remains at Lefkandi 35 9. Map of Known or Suspected Protogeometric Period Sites in Euboea 40 10. Map of Known or Suspected Geometric Period Sites in Euboea 53 11. Geometric Remains at Lefkandi 55 12. Eretria 57 13. Eretria: Apollo Precinct, Geometric Remains . 58 14. Evolution of Euboean Skyphoi 62 15. Distribution of Pottery Sites in Greece and the Aegean 65 16. The Northern Colonies 76 17. Distribution of Pottery Sites in the Eastern Mediterranean 88 viii ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 18. Distribution of Pottery Sites in the Western Mediterranean 105 19. Map of Known or Suspected Archaic Period Sites in Euboea 140 20. Eretria: Floor Plan of the Early Archaic Temple of Apollo 141 21. Eretria: Floor Plan of the Late Archaic Temple of Apollo 143 22. Map of Known or Suspected Classical Period Sites in Euboea 193 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Discoveries of Euboean or "Euboeo^Cycladic" Skyphoi in the Aegean World (Other Pottery Types Included as Relevant) 66 2. Discoveries of Euboean or "Euboeo-Cycladic" Skyphoi in the Eastern Mediterranean (Other Pottery Types Included as Relevant) 89 3. Discoveries of Euboean and "Euboeor-Cycladic" Wares in the Western Mediterranean (Other Pottery Types Included as Relevant) 106 x LIST OF PERSONAL ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK "Chalkis" D. W. Bradeen, "A History of Chalkis to 338 B.D.," Diss. Cincinnati 1947.