The incandescent bulb: states of development
Inkohärente Lichtquellen Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung Incoherent light source Ines Becker 3.Mai.2010 1 Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Agenda bulb: states of development Introduction
History
Halogen bulb
Energy efficacy
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 2 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Principle and construction bulb: states of development – Black body radiation – electrical current heats the filament Introduction up to 2000-3200 °C
History
Halogen bulb
Energy efficacy
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 3 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Plank`s law bulb: states of development – The Planck law gives the intensity radiated by a blackbody as a Introduction function of frequency (or wavelength) and temperature History
Halogen bulb
Energy efficacy
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 4 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Incandescent bulb bulb: states of development Google.com search: incandescent bulb
Introduction 1840s Incandescent bulbs with platinum filament
1854 Heinrich Goebel designed the first practical bulb History with a carbonized bamboo filament 1878 Joseph Wilson Swan developed a methode to Halogen bulb fabricte light bulbs (British Patent No 8 in 1880) 1878 Thomas Edison started his research into light bulbs Energy 1890s Metal filaments are used, first osmium efficacy 1906 Tungsten filaments were patend by GE
1911 Developing of inert gas filling for better lifetimes
1960 Halogen cycle is developed and lead to the Halogen lamps Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 5 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) bulb: states of development – American inventor, scientist and businessman Introduction – Inventor of 1093 patents, 389 in History incandescent bulb and energie • 1878: patent for Halogen bulb “improvement in electric lights“ application Energy • 1879: patent for a „electric lamp“ with a carbon efficacy filament and a improved evacuation
• Designed a bulb holder for user friendliness
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 6 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Filament bulb: states of development 1820 Electric current on a platinum wire
1854 Heinrich Goebel used a carbonized bamboo filament Introduction 1880 Research on many different metals like: Ta, W, Re, Os
History 1890`s Carl Auer von Welsbach tried metal-filament mantles, in 1898 patent a osmium lamp 1906 General electric patent a methode of making Halogen bulb tungsten filaments
Energy material melting point efficacy tungsten 3422°C rhenium 3180°C osmium 3130°C tantalum 3017°C platinum 1772°C
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 7 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Halogen incandescent light bulbs bulb: states of development Sublimated tungsten is transported back to the coil (Chemical transport ). Bulb stays clear. Introduction
W (s)+ O2(g) +X2(g)⇌ WO2X2(g) T coil > T wall History
Halogen bulb
Energy efficacy
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 8 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Life time and brightness bulb: states of development
Introduction
brightness History
Change in in % Change life time Halogen bulb Voltage in %
Energy →Increase of 20 % of the normal voltage leads to an efficacy decrease of over 90 % regarding the life time.
→ oldest incandescent bulb (4 watts): June 8th , 1901 until now
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 9 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Energy efficacy rating bulb: states of development
Introduction )
History lm
( flux Halogen bulb
Energy Luminous efficacy
Electric power (W)
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 10 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent EU illuminant regulation bulb: states of development Incandescent light bulb From 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 Introduction September clear 15W 15W 15W History 25W 25W 25W 40W 40W 40W Phase-out of all clear Halogen bulb 60W 60W 60W incandescent light bulbs 75W 75W 75W Energy 100 100 100 efficacy W W W frosted Frosted lamps are displaced by energy-saving lamps with 'A' energy rating
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 11 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent EU illuminant regulation bulb: states of development Halogen lamp
From September Introduction clear
History
clear Halogen bulb
Energy efficacy
frostedosted Phase-out of all frosted halogen lamps l
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 12 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Exceptions bulb: states of • Special lamps for refrigerators, ovens or medical development purposes, spotlights
Introduction
History • Particular formed lamps in flashlights or vehicles
Halogen bulb
Energy • Reflector lamps efficacy 80 % of light output in an angle of 120°
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 13 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung The Incandescent Sources: bulb: states of • Vorlesungsskript: “Inkohärente Lichtquellen” ; Prof. Dr. Jüstel development • http://www.vwa- deutschland.de/resources/Zeitplan+f$C3$BCr+den+Auslauf+ineffizienter+Lamp en.pdf • www.mercateo.com/.../auto_kfz_beleuchtung.gif • http://www.bund.net/bundnet/themen_und_projekte/klima_energie/stromfre sser_stoppen/gluehlampenverbot/ • http://de.wikipedia.org/ • http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/PlanckLaw.html • http://www.wohnlicht.com/ueber-neuen-leuchtmittelverordung-wissen- muessen-a-45.html • http://www.manufactum.de/Artikel/85164/.html • http://www.led-electronics.de/Gluhbirnenverbot-2012.htm • de.academic.ru
• www.lightbulbjokes.com
Incoherent light source 3.Mai.2010 14 Ines Becker Sebastian Schwung How many professors does it take to change a light bulb?
Only one, but they get three technical reports out of it.
How many students does it take to change a light bulb?
I don’t know, I forgot my calculator at home.
Incoherent light source Ines Becker 3.Mai.2010 15 Sebastian Schwung