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16 CFR Ch. I (1–1–20 Edition) § 305.22
Federal Trade Commission Pt. 305 PART 305—ENERGY AND WATER 305.27 Paper catalogs and websites. USE LABELING FOR CONSUMER ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PRODUCTS UNDER THE ENERGY 305.28 Test data records. POLICY AND CONSERVATION 305.29 Required testing by designated lab- ACT (‘‘ENERGY LABELING oratory. RULE’’) EFFECT OF THIS PART SCOPE 305.30 Effect on other law. 305.31 Stayed or invalid parts. Sec. 305.32 [Reserved] 305.1 Scope of the regulations in this part. APPENDIX A1 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATORS DEFINITIONS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST APPENDIX A2 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATORS 305.2 Definitions. AND REFRIGERATOR-FREEZERS WITH MAN- 305.3 Description of appliances and con- UAL DEFROST sumer electronics. APPENDIX A3 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.4 Description of furnaces and central air FREEZERS WITH PARTIAL AUTOMATIC DE- conditioners. FROST 305.5 Description of lighting products. APPENDIX A4 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.6 Description of plumbing products. FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST GENERAL WITH TOP-MOUNTED FREEZER NO THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE 305.7 Prohibited acts. APPENDIX A5 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATED DEFROST TESTING WITH SIDE-MOUNTED FREEZER NO 305.8 Determinations of estimated annual THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE energy consumption, estimated annual APPENDIX A6 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- operating cost, and energy efficiency rat- FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATED DEFROST ing, water use rate, and other required WITH BOTTOM-MOUNTED FREEZER NO disclosure content. THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE 305.9 Duty to provide labels on websites. APPENDIX A7 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.10 Determinations of capacity. FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST 305.11 Submission of data. -
Your Fluorescence Microscope Transmitted-Light
Your Fluorescence Microscope Transmitted-light. Bright-field Bright-field microscopy = Transmitted-light INVERTED UPRIGHT Fluorescence microscopy = Reflected-light Mercury Lamp Heat Filter Emission Filter Mirror Excitation Filter Collimating Lens Dichromatic Mirror (From:http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu) You need to know … Your light source Your filters Your objective Your detector Spectrum of a Mercury Lamp Your Light Source • Mercury lamp Wavelength (nm) • Xenon lamp Spectrum of a Xenon Lamp • Metal halide lamp • Halogen lamp • LED • Laser Wavelength (nm) (Modified from: h6p://www.cairn-research.co.uk) Your Light Source 1) Halogen lamp 2) Mercury lamp 3) Xenon lamp 4) Metal halide lamp 5) LED 6) Laser Tungsten – Halogen lamp • White light source • Inexpensive long lasNng bulbs • Used mainly for brighQield illuminaNon • CAN be used for fluorescence excitaNon above 400nm • Ideal for live cell imaging (low power, no UV) • “Colour” changes with temperature Mercury (HBO) lamp PROS • white light source • 10-100x brighter then halogen • focused intensity light-source • very bright intensity peaks at specific wavelengths for many standard fluoreophores CONS • short bulb life (≈200-400h) • generates a lot of heat • requires bulb alignment • no uniform intensity (peaks) • bulb are hazardous waste • long warm-up time • excitation wavelength cannot be • Intensity decay over Nme, intensity controlled independently flickering Xenon lamp PROS • white light source • relaNvely even intensity across visible spectrum • focused intense light source CONS • requires bulb alignment • bulbs are hazardous waste • Intensity decay over Nme • weaker intensity in UV • generates a lot of heat in the IR region • relaNvely low power in visible range • excitaNon wavelength cannot be controlled independently Metal Halide lamp PROS • white light source • brighter intensity between peaks than mercury lamp • no bulb alignment, more uniform field of illum. -
Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy
Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy Kazuo Yamagata1,2, Daisaku Iwamoto3, Yukari Terashita1,4, Chong Li1, Sayaka Wakayama1,Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka5, Hiroshi Kimura5, Kazuhiro Saeki3, Teruhiko Wakayama1* 1 RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan, 2 Research Institute for Microbial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, 3 Department of Genetic Engineering, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan, 4 Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 5 Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan Abstract Technologies for vitally labeling cells with fluorescent dyes have advanced remarkably. However, to excite fluorescent dyes currently requires powerful illumination, which can cause phototoxic damage to the cells and increases the cost of microscopy. We have developed a filter system to excite fluorescent dyes using a conventional transmission microscope equipped with a halogen lamp. This method allows us to observe previously invisible cell organelles, such as the metaphase spindle of oocytes, without causing phototoxicity. Cells remain healthy even after intensive manipulation under fluorescence observation, such as during bovine, porcine and mouse somatic cell cloning using nuclear transfer. This method does not require expensive epifluorescence equipment and so could help to reduce the science gap between developed and developing countries. Citation: Yamagata K, Iwamoto D, Terashita Y, Li C, Wakayama S, et al. (2012) Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31638. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031638 Editor: Sue Cotterill, St. Georges University of London, United Kingdom Received September 12, 2011; Accepted January 10, 2012; Published February 8, 2012 Copyright: ß 2012 Yamagata et al. -
Flashlight Ebook
FLASHLIGHT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lizi Boyd | 40 pages | 12 Aug 2014 | CHRONICLE BOOKS | 9781452118949 | English | California, United States Flashlight PDF Book App Store Preview. The source of the light often used to be an incandescent light bulb lamp but has been gradually replaced by light-emitting diodes LEDs since the mids. Some models of flashlight include an acceleration sensor to allow them to respond to shaking, or to select modes based on what direction the light is held when switched on. LED flashlights were made in the early s. Perf Power. This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation. CS1 maint: archived copy as title link U. Water resistance, if specified, is evaluated after impact testing; no water is to be visible inside the unit and it must remain functional. The standard described only incandescent lamp flashlights and was withdrawn in Colored light is occasionally useful for hunters tracking wounded game after dusk, or for forensic examination of an area. Solar powered flashlights use energy from a solar cell to charge an on-board battery for later use. Remove All. Don't feel overwhelmed with our surplus of options. Retailer Walmart. Anodized Aluminum. A flashlight may have a red LED intended to preserve dark adaptation of vision. Price Free. And it even goes with a compass, giving you the direction in the darkness. Lanterns Lanterns. The working distance is from the point of view of the user of the flashlight. An IP X8 rating by FL1 does not imply that the lamp is suitable for use as a diver's light since the test protocol examines function of the light only after immersion, not during immersion. -
2021 Outdoor Catalog
2021 OUTDOOR CATALOG PERSONAL LIGHTING PRODUCTS OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR Tried and tested to help you go farther, higher and faster. Nate Dodge 1 PRINCETON TEC PRINCETON TEC 2 SNAP SERIES Magnetic Design OUTDOOR The Snap head unit can be removed from it’s headlamp bracket and secured to most metal surfaces via it’s strong magnet. Josh Preissner Seth Morris ® For those looking for an option that preserves their night vision, the SNAP Solo ® Still packing 300 lumens of dimmable white light and the popular magnetic base, RGB offers 300 lumens of dimmable white light as well as Red, Green, or Blue task the SNAP Solo is available in 4 new colors and remains the perfect hands free light SNAP SOLO RGB lighting. With its magnetic base the light can be easily removed from the included SNAP SOLO for any occasion. Changing a flat on the side of the road? Need to light up a less headlamp bracket, used as a handheld, and attached to most metallic surfaces than perfectly lit corner of the garage? Out for an evening stroll around camp? NEW MAGNETIC HEMAG- for hands free jobs. The SNAP RGB also features a unique custom programming NEW MAGNETIC HEADLAMP The simple single button interface is popular with anyone looking for a super NETIC HEADLAMP feature which allows you to set which colored LED comes on first. versatile light you can use anywhere. SPECS TECHNOLOGY SPECS TECHNOLOGY POWER 300 Lumens POWER 300 Lumens LAMP 1 Maxbright LED w/ Spot (dimmable) 300 LAMP 1 Maxbright LED w/ Spot (dimmable) 300 TRI-COLOR 1 Tri-color Red, Green, Blue LED RUNTIME 155 -
Chapter 347 Equipment of Vehicles
Updated 2013−14 Wis. Stats. Published and certified under s. 35.18. January 1, 2015. 1 Updated 13−14 Wis. Stats. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES 347.02 CHAPTER 347 EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES SUBCHAPTER I 347.28 Certain vehicles to carry flares or other warning devices. GENERAL PROVISIONS 347.29 Display of warning devices for certain vehicles when standing on highway. 347.01 Words and phrases defined. 347.30 Penalty for violating lighting equipment requirements. 347.02 Applicability of chapter. SUBCHAPTER III 347.03 Sale of prohibited equipment unlawful. OTHER EQUIPMENT 347.04 Owner responsible for improperly equipped vehicle. 347.35 Brakes. 347.05 Reciprocity agreements as to equipment. 347.36 Performance ability of brakes. SUBCHAPTER II 347.37 Brake fluid, sale regulation. LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 347.38 Horns and warning devices. 347.06 When lighted lamps required. 347.385 Auxiliary lamps on emergency vehicles; traffic control signal emergency 347.07 Special restrictions on lamps and the use thereof. preemption devices. 347.08 Determining the visibility distance and mounted height of lamps. 347.39 Mufflers. 347.09 Headlamps on motor vehicles. 347.40 Mirrors. 347.10 Headlamp specifications for motor vehicles other than mopeds and motor 347.41 Speed indicators. bicycles. 347.413 Ignition interlock device tampering; failure to install. 347.11 Headlamp specifications for mopeds and motor bicycles. 347.415 Odometer tampering. 347.115 Modulating headlamps for motorcycles, motor bicycles or mopeds. 347.417 Immobilization device tampering. 347.12 Use of multiple−beam headlamps. 347.42 Windshield wipers. 347.13 Tail lamps and registration plate lamps. 347.43 Safety glass. 347.14 Stop lamps. -
Headlamp Lens Deterioration
DECEMBER 2018 HEADLAMP LENS DETERIORATION NewsRoom.AAA.com (this page intentionally left blank) 0 Headlamp Lens Deterioration Abstract The average age of registered vehicles in the United States is 11.6 years. Headlamp lenses made of polycarbonate, or plastic, begin to yellow and otherwise show signs of deterioration at five years age (± two). Plastic lenses on automotive headlamps deteriorate due primarily to extended exposure to ultraviolet radiation and abrasion by road grit. The yellowing of the headlamp lenses results in a noticeable decrease in light output. Deteriorated headlamps – when the lens is opaque to the extent that the bulb is not clearly visible – are a safety hazard. This research quantifies the reduction in light output caused by deteriorated (yellowed) headlamp lenses as well as comparing the relative performance of headlamp repair and restoration options available to the consumer. Research Questions: 1. On a vehicle with deteriorated headlamp lenses, how much is light output diminished? 2. Of the options available for headlamp restoration and/or replacement, which one improves light output the most? a. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) replacement headlamp assembly b. Aftermarket replacement headlamp assembly (certified and non-certified) c. Professional restoration d. Do-it-yourself (DIY) restoration Key Findings: 1. Deteriorated headlamps evaluated in this research produced only 22 percent light output (low beam) when compared with new, OEM headlight assemblies. This type of headlamp, halogen reflector, only supports night-time driving (low beam) on unlit roadways at speeds up to 39 miles per hour, when in new condition. A 78 percent reduction in forward lighting is a safety hazard. -
Basic Physics of the Incandescent Lamp (Lightbulb) Dan Macisaac, Gary Kanner,Andgraydon Anderson
Basic Physics of the Incandescent Lamp (Lightbulb) Dan MacIsaac, Gary Kanner,andGraydon Anderson ntil a little over a century ago, artifi- transferred to electronic excitations within the Ucial lighting was based on the emis- solid. The excited states are relieved by pho- sion of radiation brought about by burning tonic emission. When enough of the radiation fossil fuels—vegetable and animal oils, emitted is in the visible spectrum so that we waxes, and fats, with a wick to control the rate can see an object by its own visible light, we of burning. Light from coal gas and natural say it is incandescing. In a solid, there is a gas was a major development, along with the near-continuum of electron energy levels, realization that the higher the temperature of resulting in a continuous non-discrete spec- the material being burned, the whiter the color trum of radiation. and the greater the light output. But the inven- To emit visible light, a solid must be heat- tion of the incandescent electric lamp in the ed red hot to over 850 K. Compare this with Dan MacIsaac is an 1870s was quite unlike anything that had hap- the 6600 K average temperature of the Sun’s Assistant Professor of pened before. Modern lighting comes almost photosphere, which defines the color mixture Physics and Astronomy at entirely from electric light sources. In the of sunlight and the visible spectrum for our Northern Arizona University. United States, about a quarter of electrical eyes. It is currently impossible to match the He received B.Sc. -
Do High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps Cause Glare?
Do High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps Cause Glare? n 2001, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) asked the public to submit Icomments about headlight glare and visibility. By April 2002, NHTSA had received more than 1700 responses! The LRC is assisting NHTSA and headlamp manufactur- ers as they weigh the benefits of high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps and the obstacles they face as the technology matures. The LRC’s work with HID headlamps We have worked with Philips Automotive Lighting to study the effect of HID headlamps on forward visibility. Our work, featured on NBC Nightly News and in USA Today, shows that HID headlamps improve peripheral target detection versus conventional halogen headlamps. In order to understand better how headlamp intensity and spectrum affect visual discomfort, we completed a prelimi- nary study of headlamp glare using halogen, HID, and blue-filtered halogen lamps. Subjects rated their discom- fort levels (1=unbearable, 9=just noticeable) and identified the minimum contrast of objects that were visible with each glare source. The results showed that • Headlamps with more short-wavelength light (~450 nm) resulted in greater discomfort than lamps with less short- wavelength content. Implications • There were no differences among the headlamps in terms If validated in the field, these results could be used to of the minimum contrast that was detectable in the optimize the spectra of HID headlamps to minimize short- presence of glare. wavelength (~450 nm) light while increasing light in the scotopic (~510 nm) region, which could minimize discomfort while improving peripheral detection. NHTSA and headlamp manufacturers will need to continue working together to identify headlamp characteristics that are optimal for visibility while reducing potential for glare. -
Single Ended Lamp
SINGLE-ENDEDSINGLE-ENDED LAMPLAMP The Short Arc Gap USHIO’s Sōlarc® single-ended lamps allow the equipment designer to capitalize on the lamp’s unique short arc length. At 1.27mm, with a peak luminance at the cathode, the lamp begins to approximate a point source. Coupled with carefully designed lenses or reflectors with maximum light capture and the appropriate focus, the lamp can deliver high-intensity light to tightly controlled or divergent beam applications. The figure below shows the luminous intensity distribution of the arc. The two sources of peak intensity lie near the electrode tips. Highest Efficacy Metal halide lamps are inherently very efficient, providing two to three times the efficacy of either halogen or xenon lamps. Optimizing the optical system using the short arc can provide an efficiency increase in many applications, allow- ing the Sōlarc lamp to deliver as much light as a halogen lamp with four to five times more wattage. High efficacy plus the resultant decreased demand for power allow the equipment designer to develop miniature, lighter weight, portable and even battery-powered product configurations. White Light Sōlarc lamps produce a color temperature in the range of 5,000K–7,000K, putting it in the same range as the sun. For comparison, halogen lamps normally operate in the 3,000K–3,200K range and incandescent lamps in the 2,800K- 2,900K range. In visible terms, the lower color temperature dictates more red or yellow in the light. The higher color temperature enables realistic visualization of color. While it is possible to operate halogen lamps up to 4,300K by the use of filters, it is only at a severe reduction in lamp life and output. -
29 Light Bulbs 29
PARTS CATALOG FOR SCHOOL BUSES AND MORE! © 2013 Blue Bird Body Company. All rights reserved. PARTS CATALOG FOR SCHOOL BUSES AND MORE! Thank you for choosing Blue Bird…and Blue Bird parts! As a seller of the most recognized and trusted brand in student transportation vehicles, your nearest Blue Bird Authorized Dealer is your best source for original equipment and aftermarket parts to keep your fleet in top shape. Your Blue Bird Dealer is staffed with true school bus parts experts; and the Parts and Service team at the Blue Bird home plant in Fort Valley, GA partners with industry leading component manufacturers to bring you top quality at competitvely attractive prices. Many of the leading-brand components used in the assembly of Blue Bird buses also occur in a broad range of medium duty truck applications, as well as other brand school buses. And that’s what this catalog is all about. We hope you’ll keep it handy as a quick lookup tool for many of the most frequently-needed replacement parts for your Blue Bird buses, other brand school buses, and even for other vehicles you may service in your facility. Just browse the catalog for the Item To Order numbers you need, contact your Blue Bird Dealer for current pricing, and we’ll take care of the rest. Blue Bird’s state-of-the-art Parts Distibution Center provides over 2.1 million cubic feet of clean, modern storage for over 40,000 items (and growing). And our business partnerships enable us to ship many more items to you directly from the manufacturers’ warehouses, saving you time and money. -
GE Lamp & Ballast Products Catalog
gelighting.com Lamps Introduction Incandescent GE Miniature and Sealed Beam Product Abbreviations Ordering Information The abbreviations used in this catalog include: GE Miniature and Sealed Beam Lamps are designed for those A Amperes C.P. Candlepower applications requiring specific bulb size, base, and oltage.v These ANSI American National Cand. Candelabra lamps are operated on vehicles (cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, Standards Institute PAR P arabolic Aluminized tractors) or in special applications utilizing low voltage sources. Bay. Bayonet Reflector Halogen Most lamps are designated by common ANSI (American National D.C. Double Contact Pf. Prefocus Standards Institute) lamp numbers and lamps in this section are ECE European Common SAE Society of Automotive arranged in numerical order. To assist you in identifying lamps, Market (European Motor Engineers (US Motor drawings (not to scale) are provided, along with descriptions of bulb Vehicle Standards) Vehicle Standards) and base sizes. Flg. Flanged Sc. Screw Specific market segments covered in this section are products used in: HID High Intensity Discharge S.C. Single Contact Aircraft Emergency Building Lighting Marine LCL Light Center Length Spec. Special IntensityHigh Automotive Flashlight/Hand Lanterns Medical/Instruments Discharge Agriculture Garden/Outdoor Telephone Min. Miniature Tel. Telephone CIM/Tractor Indicator Toys/Entertainment MOL Maximum Overall Length Term. Terminals MSCP Mean Spherical V Volts For additional specifications refer to the Automotive Lamp Catalog Candlepower obtained through your GE Sales Office. Automotive Selection Guide W Watts also available. Nom. Nominal C.I.M. Construction & Industrial Finding and Ordering a Lamp Machinery Most Miniature Lamps have a number on the base or bulb. Generally Fluorescent it will match the lamp number in this catalog, which is sorted in GE Miniature Lamp Prefixes numeric order (prefixes last).