Understanding LED

Light Emitting Diode A solid state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy directly into light. Introduction

LED technology is advancing quickly. Sometimes, there is confusion regarding the information about LED. By comparing LEDs with other common used light sources, this brochure helps you to achieve a better understanding of the realities of LED lighting.

Comparisons

General Comparison

LED Compact Halogen Incandescent (MP LED72) Fluorescent Lamp Lamp Lamp (GE 13W CFL) (Philips MR16 50W Cool White Warm White EXN 36°)

Energy Use 12W 12W 13W 50W 60W

Efficacy 100 lm/W 80 lm/W 63 lm/W 16 lm/W 14 lm/W

Life Time in Hours 50,000 50,000 8,000 3,500 1,000

Life Time in Years◊ 17.1 17.1 2.7 1.2 0.3

Use of Electricity in 12W x 50,000h 12W x 50,000h 13W x 50,000h 50W x 50,000h 60W x 50,000h 50,000 Hours = 600kwh = 600kwh = 650kwh = 2,500kwh = 3,000kwh

Cost of Electricity in 600kwh x $0.14/kwh 600kwh x $0.14/kwh 650kwh x $0.14/kwh 2,500kwh x $0.14/kwh 3,000kwh x $0.14/kwh 50,000 Hours† = $84 = $84 = $91 = $350 = $420

Maintenance Labor Cost 1.67 x 5 lamps 1.67 x 13 lamps 1.67 x 49 lamps 0 0 in 50,000 Hours‡ = $8.35 = $21.71 = $81.83

◊ Based on the usage of 8 hours/day † Electricity rate $0.14/kwh. ‡Labor cost is $1.67 per lamp, which is based on 4min re-lamping time per track light.

Aspects Comparison LEDs to Fluorescent Lamps

LED Fluorescent

Yes Dimmable Yes (Color shifting to cooler light temperature)

Compact Light Source Yes No

Blink and Flutter Problems No Yes

UV Radiation No Yes

Mercury Pollution No Yes

Breakage No Yes

50W MR16 x 6 12W MP LED72 x 6

Cool White Warm White

Total Lumens 5100 lm 5400 lm 4320 lm

Total Energy Use* 300W 72W 72W Cost of Electricity $108.15 $35.28 $35.28 in 3,500 Hours Cool White 1W LED 100 *Fixture consumption only (Available in January, 2009)

Warm White 80 1W LED

Product Life Time Comparison Compact Fluorescent (70% lumen maintenance) 63 60,000 Lamp 13W 50,000 Halogen Lamp 50,000 16 LED LED MR16 50W 50,000

40,000 Compact Incandescent Compact Fluorescent Lamp 8,000 14 Fluorescent Lamp Lamp 60W 30,000 Halogen Lamp 020406080 100 Halogen Lamp MR16 3,500 20,000 MR16 Lumen/Watt 8,000 Incandescent 10,000 Incandescent Lamp 1,000 3,500 Lamp 1,000 0 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

Time (hrs) Efficiency Comparison

Cool WhiteCool White 1W LED 100 1W LED(Available in January, 2009) LED 50,000 Warm White Warm White 1W LED 80 1W LED Compact Fluorescent Lamp 8,000 CompactCompact Fluorescent Fluorescent Lamp Lamp 63 13W 13W Halogen Lamp MR16 3,500 Halogen Lamp MR16 50W Halogen Lamp MR16 16 50W Incandescent Lamp 1,000 Incandescent Lamp 60W Incandescent Lamp 14 0 10,000 20,000 30,00060W 40,000 50,000 020406080 100 120 Time (hrs) Lumen/WattLumen/Watt

16 20 14 0 100

elative Light Output % 40 R

Time (hrs)

Light Output Comparison (Information partially provided by Philips Lighting)

Unlike typical conventional light sources, LEDs do not dramatically burn out and cease to function.

High Power LED 100

60 White LED

40 elative Light Output % R 20

0 Typical 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 Incandescent

Time (hrs)

Color Rendering Index (CRI) Comparison

CRI is a rating from 0 - 100, describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades100 are revealed. The higher the CRI rating is, the better its color rendering ability.

Below isHigh80 a comparison CRI LED between depiction with high CRI (left) and low CRI (right).96

60Normal LED 80 High CRI Low CRI 40 Compact Fluorescent 80 elative Light Output % R 20 Tungsten Halogen 100 0 Incandescent Lamp 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 9712,000 16,000 20,000

02040608Time (hrs) 0 100 CRI

*For illustration purposes only.

High CRI LED 96

Normal LED 80

Compact Fluorescent 80

Tungsten Halogen 100

Incandescent Lamp 97

020406080 100 CRI

High CRI LED has higher CRI than compact fluorescent lamp. (Information is partially provided by NRC-IRC)

Mercury Emissions by Light Source LED 1.2 mg* (LED itself contains no mercury) (Evaluated over a five-year life) Compact 6.4 mg (Mercury used in CFL, 4 mg / Fluorescent Emission from coal power plant, 2.4 mg*) Since coal power in the United States accounts for approximately 50% of all Halogen MR16 8.3 mg* power production, by using the electricity generated from coal, there is an emission of mercury as well. Incandescent 10 mg*

*By using the electricity that is generated from coal-burning power plants. 0510

(Information is partially provided by USEPA, Milligrams of Mercury June 2002)

CO2 Emission Comparison LED (Based on the national average 1.34lbs/k Wh) (MP LED73, 6W) 0.19 Compact Most of our electrical power supplies come 0.42 from burning fossil fuels, especially coal, a Fluorescent, 13W huge CO2 culprit. By using such electricity, 1.61 there is an emission of CO2. Halogen MR16

(Information is partially provided by National Incandescent, 60W 1.93 Geographic Society-Green Guide)

0 1 2

CO2 Emission per day in similar lumens (24hrs, in lbs)

LED (MP LED73, 6W) 0.19 Compact 0.42 Fluorescent, 13W

Summary Halogen MR16, 50W 1.61

Incandescent, 60W 1.93 Besides the long product life and the reduced maintenance cost, LED is energy efficient, it delivers more lumens per watt over other light sources. Also,0 there is no mercury contained1 in LEDs. By 2

using less energy, LEDs not only save money, but also limit negativeCO2 Emission impact per day on in similarthe lumensenvironment. All in all, LED is a cost effective, reliable and clean light source. (24hrs, in lbs)

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