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U.S. Department of Transportation
234144· REPORT NO. FRA-OR&D-75-54 PB244532 1111111111111111111111111111 FIELD EVALUATION OF LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUITY LIGHTS D.8. Devoe C.N. Abernethy . :~ . • REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF .COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATiON SERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 MAY 1975 FINAL REPORT DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22161 Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Office of Research and Development Washington DC 20590 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. \ \ NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are con sidered essential to the object of this report. Technical keport Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Governmenl Accession No. FRA-OR&D-75-54 t--:~;-,--....,...,.....,......--:-------_..L.-_--------------f'-,~'.:---:--:::---':"'-':"'-'---""~-""--'-'----'---1 4. T,ll_ and Subtitle 5. Report Date FIELD EVALUATION OF LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUITY May 1975 LIGHTS 6. Performing Organization C"de h~:--:""""'"7-;---'-----------------------j8. Performing Organi zation Report No. 7. Author l s) D.B. Devoe CN AbernethY DOT-TSC-FRA-74-11 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) U.S. Department of Transportation RR402/R 5331 Transportation Systems Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Kendall Square Cambridge MA 02142 12. Sponsoring A.gency Name and Address Final Report U.S. Depar~ment of Transportation March - June 1974 Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research and Development 14. -
16 CFR Ch. I (1–1–20 Edition) § 305.22
Federal Trade Commission Pt. 305 PART 305—ENERGY AND WATER 305.27 Paper catalogs and websites. USE LABELING FOR CONSUMER ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PRODUCTS UNDER THE ENERGY 305.28 Test data records. POLICY AND CONSERVATION 305.29 Required testing by designated lab- ACT (‘‘ENERGY LABELING oratory. RULE’’) EFFECT OF THIS PART SCOPE 305.30 Effect on other law. 305.31 Stayed or invalid parts. Sec. 305.32 [Reserved] 305.1 Scope of the regulations in this part. APPENDIX A1 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATORS DEFINITIONS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST APPENDIX A2 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATORS 305.2 Definitions. AND REFRIGERATOR-FREEZERS WITH MAN- 305.3 Description of appliances and con- UAL DEFROST sumer electronics. APPENDIX A3 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.4 Description of furnaces and central air FREEZERS WITH PARTIAL AUTOMATIC DE- conditioners. FROST 305.5 Description of lighting products. APPENDIX A4 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.6 Description of plumbing products. FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST GENERAL WITH TOP-MOUNTED FREEZER NO THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE 305.7 Prohibited acts. APPENDIX A5 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATED DEFROST TESTING WITH SIDE-MOUNTED FREEZER NO 305.8 Determinations of estimated annual THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE energy consumption, estimated annual APPENDIX A6 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- operating cost, and energy efficiency rat- FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATED DEFROST ing, water use rate, and other required WITH BOTTOM-MOUNTED FREEZER NO disclosure content. THROUGH-THE-DOOR ICE 305.9 Duty to provide labels on websites. APPENDIX A7 TO PART 305—REFRIGERATOR- 305.10 Determinations of capacity. FREEZERS WITH AUTOMATIC DEFROST 305.11 Submission of data. -
Your Fluorescence Microscope Transmitted-Light
Your Fluorescence Microscope Transmitted-light. Bright-field Bright-field microscopy = Transmitted-light INVERTED UPRIGHT Fluorescence microscopy = Reflected-light Mercury Lamp Heat Filter Emission Filter Mirror Excitation Filter Collimating Lens Dichromatic Mirror (From:http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu) You need to know … Your light source Your filters Your objective Your detector Spectrum of a Mercury Lamp Your Light Source • Mercury lamp Wavelength (nm) • Xenon lamp Spectrum of a Xenon Lamp • Metal halide lamp • Halogen lamp • LED • Laser Wavelength (nm) (Modified from: h6p://www.cairn-research.co.uk) Your Light Source 1) Halogen lamp 2) Mercury lamp 3) Xenon lamp 4) Metal halide lamp 5) LED 6) Laser Tungsten – Halogen lamp • White light source • Inexpensive long lasNng bulbs • Used mainly for brighQield illuminaNon • CAN be used for fluorescence excitaNon above 400nm • Ideal for live cell imaging (low power, no UV) • “Colour” changes with temperature Mercury (HBO) lamp PROS • white light source • 10-100x brighter then halogen • focused intensity light-source • very bright intensity peaks at specific wavelengths for many standard fluoreophores CONS • short bulb life (≈200-400h) • generates a lot of heat • requires bulb alignment • no uniform intensity (peaks) • bulb are hazardous waste • long warm-up time • excitation wavelength cannot be • Intensity decay over Nme, intensity controlled independently flickering Xenon lamp PROS • white light source • relaNvely even intensity across visible spectrum • focused intense light source CONS • requires bulb alignment • bulbs are hazardous waste • Intensity decay over Nme • weaker intensity in UV • generates a lot of heat in the IR region • relaNvely low power in visible range • excitaNon wavelength cannot be controlled independently Metal Halide lamp PROS • white light source • brighter intensity between peaks than mercury lamp • no bulb alignment, more uniform field of illum. -
Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy
Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy Kazuo Yamagata1,2, Daisaku Iwamoto3, Yukari Terashita1,4, Chong Li1, Sayaka Wakayama1,Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka5, Hiroshi Kimura5, Kazuhiro Saeki3, Teruhiko Wakayama1* 1 RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan, 2 Research Institute for Microbial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, 3 Department of Genetic Engineering, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan, 4 Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 5 Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan Abstract Technologies for vitally labeling cells with fluorescent dyes have advanced remarkably. However, to excite fluorescent dyes currently requires powerful illumination, which can cause phototoxic damage to the cells and increases the cost of microscopy. We have developed a filter system to excite fluorescent dyes using a conventional transmission microscope equipped with a halogen lamp. This method allows us to observe previously invisible cell organelles, such as the metaphase spindle of oocytes, without causing phototoxicity. Cells remain healthy even after intensive manipulation under fluorescence observation, such as during bovine, porcine and mouse somatic cell cloning using nuclear transfer. This method does not require expensive epifluorescence equipment and so could help to reduce the science gap between developed and developing countries. Citation: Yamagata K, Iwamoto D, Terashita Y, Li C, Wakayama S, et al. (2012) Fluorescence Cell Imaging and Manipulation Using Conventional Halogen Lamp Microscopy. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31638. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031638 Editor: Sue Cotterill, St. Georges University of London, United Kingdom Received September 12, 2011; Accepted January 10, 2012; Published February 8, 2012 Copyright: ß 2012 Yamagata et al. -
Flashlight Ebook
FLASHLIGHT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lizi Boyd | 40 pages | 12 Aug 2014 | CHRONICLE BOOKS | 9781452118949 | English | California, United States Flashlight PDF Book App Store Preview. The source of the light often used to be an incandescent light bulb lamp but has been gradually replaced by light-emitting diodes LEDs since the mids. Some models of flashlight include an acceleration sensor to allow them to respond to shaking, or to select modes based on what direction the light is held when switched on. LED flashlights were made in the early s. Perf Power. This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation. CS1 maint: archived copy as title link U. Water resistance, if specified, is evaluated after impact testing; no water is to be visible inside the unit and it must remain functional. The standard described only incandescent lamp flashlights and was withdrawn in Colored light is occasionally useful for hunters tracking wounded game after dusk, or for forensic examination of an area. Solar powered flashlights use energy from a solar cell to charge an on-board battery for later use. Remove All. Don't feel overwhelmed with our surplus of options. Retailer Walmart. Anodized Aluminum. A flashlight may have a red LED intended to preserve dark adaptation of vision. Price Free. And it even goes with a compass, giving you the direction in the darkness. Lanterns Lanterns. The working distance is from the point of view of the user of the flashlight. An IP X8 rating by FL1 does not imply that the lamp is suitable for use as a diver's light since the test protocol examines function of the light only after immersion, not during immersion. -
Basic Physics of the Incandescent Lamp (Lightbulb) Dan Macisaac, Gary Kanner,Andgraydon Anderson
Basic Physics of the Incandescent Lamp (Lightbulb) Dan MacIsaac, Gary Kanner,andGraydon Anderson ntil a little over a century ago, artifi- transferred to electronic excitations within the Ucial lighting was based on the emis- solid. The excited states are relieved by pho- sion of radiation brought about by burning tonic emission. When enough of the radiation fossil fuels—vegetable and animal oils, emitted is in the visible spectrum so that we waxes, and fats, with a wick to control the rate can see an object by its own visible light, we of burning. Light from coal gas and natural say it is incandescing. In a solid, there is a gas was a major development, along with the near-continuum of electron energy levels, realization that the higher the temperature of resulting in a continuous non-discrete spec- the material being burned, the whiter the color trum of radiation. and the greater the light output. But the inven- To emit visible light, a solid must be heat- tion of the incandescent electric lamp in the ed red hot to over 850 K. Compare this with Dan MacIsaac is an 1870s was quite unlike anything that had hap- the 6600 K average temperature of the Sun’s Assistant Professor of pened before. Modern lighting comes almost photosphere, which defines the color mixture Physics and Astronomy at entirely from electric light sources. In the of sunlight and the visible spectrum for our Northern Arizona University. United States, about a quarter of electrical eyes. It is currently impossible to match the He received B.Sc. -
Single Ended Lamp
SINGLE-ENDEDSINGLE-ENDED LAMPLAMP The Short Arc Gap USHIO’s Sōlarc® single-ended lamps allow the equipment designer to capitalize on the lamp’s unique short arc length. At 1.27mm, with a peak luminance at the cathode, the lamp begins to approximate a point source. Coupled with carefully designed lenses or reflectors with maximum light capture and the appropriate focus, the lamp can deliver high-intensity light to tightly controlled or divergent beam applications. The figure below shows the luminous intensity distribution of the arc. The two sources of peak intensity lie near the electrode tips. Highest Efficacy Metal halide lamps are inherently very efficient, providing two to three times the efficacy of either halogen or xenon lamps. Optimizing the optical system using the short arc can provide an efficiency increase in many applications, allow- ing the Sōlarc lamp to deliver as much light as a halogen lamp with four to five times more wattage. High efficacy plus the resultant decreased demand for power allow the equipment designer to develop miniature, lighter weight, portable and even battery-powered product configurations. White Light Sōlarc lamps produce a color temperature in the range of 5,000K–7,000K, putting it in the same range as the sun. For comparison, halogen lamps normally operate in the 3,000K–3,200K range and incandescent lamps in the 2,800K- 2,900K range. In visible terms, the lower color temperature dictates more red or yellow in the light. The higher color temperature enables realistic visualization of color. While it is possible to operate halogen lamps up to 4,300K by the use of filters, it is only at a severe reduction in lamp life and output. -
2021 Streamlight® Tactical Catalog
PROFESSIONAL-GRADE ILLUMINATION TOOLS NEW NEW TLR-7® SUB TLR-7®A TLR-8®A TLR-8®A G TLR-7®A TLR-7® TLR-8® TLR-8® G TLR-9™ pg. 6 pg. 7 pg. 7 pg. 8 Contour Remote pg. 9 pg. 9 pg. 10 pg. 11 pg. 8 UPGRADED UPGRADED UPGRADED NEW TLR-1 HL® TLR-2 HL® TLR-2 HL® G T L R -1 HP L® T L R -1® TLR-6® TLR-VIR® ll TLR-VIR® TLR® RM 1 pg. 16 pg. 17 pg. 17 pg. 18 Game Spotter pgs. 20-21 pg. 22 pg. 23 pg. 24 pg. 19 PROTAC® RAIL MOUNT SIDEWINDER® SIDEWINDER® SIDEWINDER SIDEWINDER® SL-B26™ Li-Ion PROTAC® 90 PROTAC® 90 X USB PROTAC® HL-X USB HL-X L ASER MILITARY RESCUE COMPACT® II BOOT USB Battery Pack pg. 40 PROTAC® 90 X PROTAC® HL-X pg. 32 pg. 34 pg. 35 MILITARY pg. 37 pgs. 38-39 pg. 41 pg. 42 pg. 36 NEW PROTAC® 1L-1A A PROTAC® 2AA PROTAC® 1AAA PROTAC® 2AAA POLYTAC® X USB STINGER® 2020 STINGER® LED STINGER LED HL® STINGER HPL® pg. 46 pg. 47 pg. 47 pg. 48 POLYTAC® X pg. 50 STINGER DS® LED STINGER DS LED HL® STINGER DS HPL® pg. 49 pg. 51 pg. 52 pg. 53 SIEGE® AA SUPER SIEGE® THE SIEGE® BANDIT® BANDIT® Pro QB® ENDURO® PRO ENDURO® PRO USB pg. 60 pg. 61 pg. 61 pg. 62 pg. 62 pg. 63 pg. 63 pg. 63 UPGRADED UPGRADED STYLUS PRO® STYLUS PRO® USB STYLUS PRO® STYLUS PRO® 360 STYLUS PRO® COB STYLUS® STREAMLIGHT JR.® LED USB UV pg. -
9.8 Making a Shaker (Or Forever) Flashlight
9.8 Making a Shaker (or Forever) Flashlight Grade 9 Activity Plan 1 Reviews and Updates 2 9.8 Making a Shaker (or Forever) Flashlight Objectives: 1. To apply knowledge of electromagnetic induction to generate power for the flashlight. 2. To be familiar with some basic circuit elements and their functions. 3. To understand how a shaker flashlight works by making one. Key words/concepts: power, generator, electricity, magnet, coil, charge, AC, DC, rectifier, diode, electromagnetic induction, capacitors, Electromotive force. Curriculum outcomes: 109-14, 209-3, 210-7, 308-15, 308-16, 308-17. Take-home product: shaker flashlight 3 Segment Detail African Proverb and Cultural “Do good because of tomorrow.” Relevance Ghana (5 min.) Introduce a Shaker Flashlight. (Pass it around) Pre-test What is a magnet? How does it work? (10 min.) Show a magnetic field. Background Introduce students to components of the shaker flashlight (10 min.) and outline their functions. Focus on circuit parameters. Make an AC generator Activity 1 Introduce simplified equations: wire loops + metal rod + (10 min.) magnet = Induced current. Activity 2 Introduce full-wave rectifiers and their uses, guide students (15 min.) into building their own. Activity 3 Assemble the components of the flashlight and test them. (20 min.) Reassemble and discuss exercise. Ask and answer questions. Post-test Similarities and Differences between AC and DC. (20 min.) Similarities and Differences between Electromagnets and AC Generators. Suggested interpretation of proverb: This lesson teaches about the parts of the forever flashlight, one in particular being the capacitor. It stores energy created from shaking the flashlight, used to power the light bulb at a later time. -
Incandescent Light Bulbs – Compact Fluorescent Lamps Questions and Answers
FAQ Incandescent light bulbs / Compact fluorescent lamps August 2011 --------------------------------------- Incandescent light bulbs – Compact fluorescent lamps Questions and answers Overview Why are 60-watt incandescent bulbs being withdrawn from sale from 1 September 2011? ............. 1 What different types of lamp are there? ............................................................................................. 2 How much electricity do the different types of lamp use? .................................................................. 3 Why are some compact fluorescent lamps only in energy efficiency class B? .................................. 3 Where can compact fluorescent lamps be used? .............................................................................. 3 How long do compact fluorescent lamps last (burn time and number of on/off cycles)? ................... 4 Are there compact fluorescent lamps that emit light whose warmth is similar to that of incandescent bulbs? ........................................................................................................................... 4 How do I find the right compact fluorescent lamp to replace my old light bulb? ................................ 5 How long do compact fluorescent lamps take to reach full brightness after switching on? ............... 6 Compact fluorescent lamps are considerably more expensive than comparable incandescent bulbs. Why are the total annual costs so much lower despite this? ............................ 6 Compact fluorescent lamps -
Metal Halide Lamps
ABOUT LITETRONICS 2-6 LED 7-16 DECORATIVE A-LINE PARFECTION BR FLUORESCENT 17-40 ENERGY-LITE PFT NEOLITE SPIRAL-LITE SPIRAL-PAR TABLE OF CONTENTS MICRO-BRITE HID 41-48 SUPER ARC METAL HALIDE SUPER ARC PULSE-START METAL HALIDE SUPER ARC HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM HALOGEN 49-58 LITEPAR XTRA-LIFE FROST PAR SUPER SAFE-T COOL RAY SURE BEAM MIRRO ECONO OMNI-LITE INCANDESCENT 59-69 800.860.3392 | litetronics.com BONUS-LIFE ROUGH SERVICE MINI-BRITE DURO-LITE GLOSSARY 70-75 COVER ART Image Credit: NASA "Visible Earth" is an actual photograph taken from space, and is the most detailed, true-color photo of the entire Earth to date. LAMP SHAPE MEASUREMENT 77 © 2012 LITETRONICS International, Inc. 1 COMPANY HISTORY Litetronics was founded in 1970. For over forty years, it has successfully led the industry in the development, marketing, and servicing of green lighting solutions. The rapid growth of Litetronics, from a localized direct sales organization into an international company, refl ects its business strategy of capitalizing on emerging lighting technologies to create unique, market-driven products. Growth has come primarily by concentrating on the worldwide multi-billion dollar commercial lighting market. This market has responded favorably to Litetronics’ energy effi cient, long-lasting, green lighting solutions. Litetronics created a tradition of innovation with its 20,000-hour Super Service incandescent light bulbs. In 1986, Litetronics introduced the Litepar halogen lamp family to its product mix. Three years later, Litetronics engineered the Xtra-Life halogen lamp with an average life of 5,000 hours, which is still the longest life halogen lamp available on the market. -
Download Lighting
Rechargeable LIGHTING 75713 74751 Stinger® Rechargeable LED Flashlight Strion LED HL® Rechargeable Flashlight » Premier rechargeable duty light » Extraordinary brightness in a wide beam pattern » Machined aircraft aluminum body with non-slip » Multi-function On/Off push-button tail switch lets you rubberized comfort grip choose three lighting modes and strobe » High/medium/low/strobe modes » Lithium ion battery is rechargeable up to 1000 times; » 3-cell, 3.6 Volt NiMH sub-C battery, rechargeable fully recharges in 3 hrs. up to 1000 times » LED technology, impervious to shock with a 50,000 » IPX4 water-resistant; 1m impact resistance tested hour lifetime » Serialized for positive identification » IPX4 water-resistant; 2 meter impact resistance tested » Multi-function On/Off push-button switch » Anti-roll head prevents the light from rolling away » Limited lifetime warranty when you set it down » Assembled in USA » Serialized for positive identification ITEM # ORDER # DESCRIPTION UOM ITEM # ORDER # DESCRIPTION UOM 75713 342300131 Rechargeable LED Flashlight EA 74751 342300391 Rechargeable LED Flashlight EA Headlamps Enduro® Pro Headlamp » Sleek, Multi-Function LED Headlamp with 200 Lumens » Spot for distance lighting » Flood for area illumination for tasks at arm’s length » 45° tilting head and elastic headstrap » Powered by 3 “AAA” alkaline batteries (included) ITEM # ORDER # DESCRIPTION UOM 61422 61422 342300211 LED Headlamp EA 231 Headlamps Bandit® Rechargeable LED Headlamp » Produces bright, even light with less shadow than spot beams