Citizens' Commission on Benghazi
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A Strategy for Success in Libya
A Strategy for Success in Libya Emily Estelle NOVEMBER 2017 A Strategy for Success in Libya Emily Estelle NOVEMBER 2017 AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE © 2017 by the American Enterprise Institute. All rights reserved. The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) educational organization and does not take institutional positions on any issues. The views expressed here are those of the author(s). Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................1 Why the US Must Act in Libya Now ............................................................................................................................1 Wrong Problem, Wrong Strategy ............................................................................................................................... 2 What to Do ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Reframing US Policy in Libya .................................................................................................. 5 America’s Opportunity in Libya ................................................................................................................................. 6 The US Approach in Libya ............................................................................................................................................ 6 The Current Situation -
The 2016 U.S. Election
April 2017, Volume 28, Number 2 $14.00 The 2016 U.S. Election William Galston John Sides, Michael Tesler, and Lynn Vavreck James Ceaser Nathaniel Persily Charles Stewart III The Modernization Trap Jack Snyder The Freedom House Survey for 2016 Arch Puddington and Tyler Roylance Sheriff Kora and Momodou Darboe on the Gambia Thomas Pepinsky on Southeast Asia Nic Cheeseman, Gabrielle Lynch, and Justin Willis on Ghana’s Elections Kai M. Thaler on Nicaragua Sean Yom on Jordan and Morocco The End of the Postnational Illusion Ghia Nodia The 2016 U.S. Election Longtime readers will be aware that this is the first time the Journal of Democracy has ever devoted a set of articles to the situation of democracy in the United States. Our traditional focus has been on the problems and prospects of democracy in developing and postcommunist countries. In the introduction to the group of essays in our October 2016 issue entitled “The Specter Haunting Europe,” we explained why we felt we had to redirect some of our attention to the growing vulnerability of democracy in the West, and promised that we would not refrain from examining the United States as well. This is an especially delicate task for us because our parent organization, the National Endowment for Democracy, is a reso- lutely bipartisan institution that seeks to steer clear of the controversies of U.S. domestic politics. We hope we have succeeded in avoiding the pitfalls of partisanship; but in an era when the trends that are weakening liberal democracy are increasingly global, an editorial version of “Ameri- can isolationism” no longer seemed a defensible policy. -
Successes and Failures in the Enactment of Humanitarian Intervention During the Obama Administration
“THE ROAD TO HELL AND BACK”: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN THE ENACTMENT OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION A Thesis submitted to the FaCulty of the Graduate SChool of Arts and SCiences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in ConfliCt Resolution By Justine T. Robinson, B.A. Washington, DC DeCember 10, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Justine T. Robinson All Rights Reserved ii “THE ROAD TO HELL AND BACK”: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN THE ENACTMENT OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION Justine T. Robinson, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This thesis examines how United States presidential administrations change over time in their poliCies on humanitarian intervention. More speCifiCally, how and why do AmeriCan presidential administrations (and the offiCials in those administrations) fail in some cases and sucCeed in others in enaCting ConfliCt resolution and genocide preventative measures? This thesis will focus on why offiCials in the two Obama administration sometimes used ambitious means of humanitarian intervention to prevent or mitigate genocide and other mass atrocities, as in the Cases of Libya and the Yazidis in Iraq, and sometimes took only limited steps to aChieve humanitarian goals, as in the case of the Syrian Civil War and Syrian refugees. This thesis is partiCularly interested in cases where earlier Obama administration aCtions and outComes forced the president and his advisors to rethink their approaCh to potential humanitarian intervention cases. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that poliCy changes on humanitarian intervention over time within U.S. -
The Failures of Intelligence Reform
Coastal Carolina University CCU Digital Commons Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Honors Theses Studies Fall 12-15-2012 The aiF lures of Intelligence Reform Amber Ciemniewski Coastal Carolina University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Ciemniewski, Amber, "The aiF lures of Intelligence Reform" (2012). Honors Theses. 52. https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses/52 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 were a devastating shock to the United States. They alerted Americans to the new threat of non-state actors. National Security had been severely damaged, and the new threat provoked the U.S. to enter into a problematic war in the Middle East region. Immediately after the attacks, the “blame game” began. Though there are seventeen organizations in the United States intelligence community, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) suffered the worst criticism for their roles in failing to prevent the attacks. The Bush administration established the 9/11 Commission in order to investigate what went wrong and to determine how to fix it. Based on the recommendations provided by the Commission, various organizations were changed and/or created in the intelligence community. Out of many changes, two were the most significant. -
Making Islam an American Religion
Religions 2014, 5, 477–501; doi:10.3390/rel5020477 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Post-9/11: Making Islam an American Religion Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad 1,* and Nazir Nader Harb 2 1 The Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, DC 20057, USA 2 Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Georgetown University, 1437 37th St, N.W., Washington, DC 20057, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-687-2575; Fax: +1-202-687-8376. Received: 3 January 2014; in revised form: 19 May 2014 / Accepted: 20 May 2014 / Published: 1210 June 2014 Abstract: This article explores several key events in the last 12 years that led to periods of heightened suspicion about Islam and Muslims in the United States. It provides a brief overview of the rise of anti-Muslim and anti-Islam sentiment known as “Islamophobia”, and it investigates claims that American Muslims cannot be trusted to be loyal to the United States because of their religion. This research examines American Muslim perspectives on national security discourse regarding terrorism and radicalization, both domestic and foreign, after 9/11. The article argues that it is important to highlight developments, both progressive and conservative, in Muslim communities in the United States over the last 12 years that belie suspicions of widespread anti-American sentiment among Muslims or questions about the loyalty of American Muslims. The article concludes with a discussion of important shifts from a Muslim identity politics that disassociated from American identity and ‘American exceptionalism’ to a position of integration and cultural assimilation. -
2.1 Libya Port Assessment Port Assessment Overview
2.1 Libya Port Assessment Port Assessment Overview There are four main commercial seaports in western Libya: the port of Tripoli, the port of Al Khoms, the port of Misratah and the port of Zwarah. In eastern Libya there are two main seaports: Benghazi and Tobruk. The Port of Tripoli is the principal port in Tripoli, the capital of Libya, and one of the oldest ports in the Mediterranean. It is managed and operated by the "Libyan Ports Company", and handles different types of products including containerized and bulk cargoes, livestock, chemical and oils, etc. The port is protected by two breakwaters of 2000 and 700 meters, and the harbour covers about 500 hectares, and can accommodate vessels up to 190 meters long with maximum draft of 10.5 meters. The port’s maximum annual capacity is about 4 M Tons. Al Khoms Port is a small port for bulk carriers, general containers, livestock, car carriers, and oil and chemical items. It has an entrance channel of 16 meters depth, and an anchorage with a depth of 10.5 to 11.5 meters. The port itself consists of nine medium sized berths (numbers 12 to 19) with lengths ranging from 75 to 530 meters, and maximum drafts ranging from 10.5 to 11.5 meters depending on the berth. The port is well organized, functioning, and had no security breaches reported in 2018. Misratah Port is connected directly to the main motorway by a heavy transportation road (that does not cross the city centre). The port is under development and has a target to add more berths with total lengths of 2,250m, and drafts of 13m, in order to receive 4 million containers per year. -
Bee Round 3 Bee Round 3 Regulation Questions
National Political Science Bee 2019-2020 Bee Round 3 Bee Round 3 Regulation Questions (1) This man assisted a black man in Detroit who was harassed for moving into an all-white neighborhood named Ossian Sweet. After the murder of Joseph Kahahawai, this man obtained a commutation for Socialite Grace Fortescue in the Massie Trial. This man defended two University of Chicago students who believed themselves to be the Ubermensch by having them plead guilty to the murder of Bobby Franks. He defended a teacher accused of violating the Butler Act against William Jennings Bryan. For the point, name this lawyer who defended Leopold and Loeb and John Scopes. ANSWER: Clarence Darrow (or Clarence Seward Darrow) (2) This agency's commissioner under FDR, John Collier, drew from his findings in the Meriam Report to advocate for legislation like the JohnsonO'Malley Act. This agency controversially administered boarding schools based on Richard Henry Pratt's Carlisle model. In 1972, 500 AIM protestors took over this agency's building in the culmination of their Trail of Broken Treaties walk. This agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior faced criticism for supporting Dick Wilson of the Oglala Dakota. For the point, name this agency that oversees 573 federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. ANSWER: Bureau of Indian Affairs (or BIA) (3) The Paradise Papers implicated Odebrecht in paying bribes that were uncovered during this investigation. Lula da Silva was arrested as part of this investigation, and Gilmar Mendes ruled Lula couldn't become Chief of Staff to avoid prosecution. -
The Nature of Political Satire Under Different Types of Political
Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Honors Program Theses Spring 2017 Laughing in the Face of Oppression: The aN ture of Political Satire Under Different Types of Political Regimes Victoria Villavicencio Pérez Rollins College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors Part of the Communication Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Villavicencio Pérez, Victoria, "Laughing in the Face of Oppression: The aN ture of Political Satire Under Different Types of Political Regimes" (2017). Honors Program Theses. 55. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors/55 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLITICAL SATIRE UNDER DIFFERENT POLITICAL REGIMES 1 Laughing in the Face of Oppression: The Nature of Political Satire Under Different Types of Political Regimes Victoria Villavicencio Honors Degree Program POLITICAL SATIRE UNDER DIFFERENT POLITICAL REGIMES 2 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................4 SIGNIFICANCE ............................................................................................................................................6 -
World Bank Document
n0--- -* ARe. At - f nin -Irmu,3-~ ~ ~ lu.±1-I 177~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Rp. No. AS-70-7 Public Disclosure Authorized «is; repor is to. be, published. nor may/It/ 1i' ~UCEqVuUU/S i )/eCreskwjnyI1n/1ne DaIIK,s';v'vie'WS. , INTERNATTONAL BANK FPOR RECONSTTRUjCTTON AND DEVEL OPTMFNT Public Disclosure Authorized THE ECONOMY OF LIBYA A Background Reference Paper Public Disclosure Authorized October 15, 1958 Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Operations South Asia and Middle East --4 ,-0 -Q 0 C) c)c en[-4 .,-43.4C 0. 1) U)l %.4 ' u n. - CONTENTS Pane No. FYnRFW.CRn ANM 'RFTnTOr.RAPNY 2 RPA.TnM TA TTRqTTfl CHAPT7R T = HTRPTRIAT. RTMGHW 6 CHAPTER !I = STRUTCTLTRr OF THE ECONTOMY (A 1Nat+uralnR ,so,rrces 0 (B) Production and Employment 10 (kC )0 LVerseas Tra%de and Pa,,ynJentus ')..L4 (D) Internal Finance 15 CHAPTER III - PATTERN OF DEVELOPMENT 18 STATISTICAL APPENDIX 22 Table 1. Libya's Balance of Payments 23 2. Composition of EYports 24 3. Destination of Exports 24 4. Composition of Civil Imports, 5. Source of Civil Imports 26 6. Quantities of Selected Imports 26 7. Consolidated Balance Sheet of National Bank 27 8. Currency in Circulation 28 9. Commercial Banking Statistics 28 10. Cost of Living Index in Tripoli 28 11. Government Revenue and Expenditure 29 12. Receipts of Foreign Aid 30 130 Contributions to Development Funds 30 14. Expenditures of Development Agencies 31 15. Agricultural Production in Tripolitania 32 16. Estimated Annual Range of Libyan Livestock, 32 1950-56 17. Libyan Industries by Size and Number of 33 Employees, 1956 18. -
FOOD and BEVERAGE INDUSTRY in EGYPT and MENA REGION] the Following Report Provides Market Data About the Sector of Food and Beverage Industry in the MENA Region
2014 Arab African Conferences and Exhibitions [FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN EGYPT AND MENA REGION] The following report provides market data about the sector of food and beverage industry in the MENA region. Table of contents: Overview Introduction Food and beverage market in Egypt. Market segmentation_ Egypt The beverage Market (market data)_ Egypt Food and beverage industry_ Egypt Facts and figures global beverage market Global Trade_ Egypt Food and Beverage export and import in Egypt Source markets for FDI to Egypt, 2003 to 2011 Food and beverage market in Libya Food and beverage market in Sudan Food and beverage market in Algeria Food and beverage market in Morocco Food and beverage market in Tunisia Overview Egypt is the most populated country in MENA region (90 Million), and it has one of the largest economies in Africa. Egypt’s economy traditionally associated with agriculture, which has become much more diverse, with focusing on industry to serve the local markets as well as Exports. The market is concentrated primarily in the rapidly growing food processing, pharmaceutical, and chemical manufacturing industries. Packaging equipment for the food processing industry represents 50% of the total market, which is growing at a pace of 25% annually, Opening up huge opportunities for international companies. This report aims to provide information concerning the key elements regarding the sector of food and beverage technology in Egypt and MENA region generally. The following report provides information concerning the food and beverage industry in MENA region, and the opportunities of the growing market in this sector. The report also includes market data concerning (Production, consumption, import, export etc.) Introduction The demand for food and beverages continues to rise concurrent to the population growth rate, therefore, the Egyptian market has great potential due to the rapid population growth, and that is associated with the surge in the food and beverage technology. -
PREDATORY ECONOMIES in EASTERN LIBYA the Dominant Role of the Libyan National Army
PREDATORY ECONOMIES IN EASTERN LIBYA The dominant role of the Libyan National Army A REPORT BY NORIA RESEARCH JUNE 2019 Predatory economies in eastern Libya The dominant role of the Libyan National Army Report by Noria Research JUNE 2019 Cover photo: Al-Sharara oilfield, Libya; Javier Blas/Wikimedia Commons © 2019 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Global Initiative. Please direct inquiries to: The Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime WMO Building, 2nd Floor 7bis, Avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.GlobalInitiative.net Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 2 A brief introduction to the LNA ................................................................................................... 3 The LNA’s use of force: Racketeering, extortion and misappropriation of public funds ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Urban warfare and militia-like behaviour in Benghazi, 2014 to 2017 ..................................... 4 Misappropriation of state funds and access to cash .................................................................. -
WRAP Theses Alfasi 2017.Pdf
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101760/ Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Political Agency and the Symbolic Legacy of Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Libya Kawther Nuri Alfasi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Studies University of Warwick Department of Politics and International Studies September 2017 Contents Acknowledgements iii Abstract iv List of Acronyms v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Study Political Agency? Why Authoritarianism? 2 1.2 Political Agency and the Libyan Uprising of 2011 7 1.3 Theoretical Framework 11 1.4 Research Methods and Reflexivity 16 1.5 Chapter Outline 21 2 Literature Review: Political Agency in the Middle East 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Political Agency and Resilient Autocracy 26 2.3 Political Agency: Beyond Democratisation and Authoritarian Resilience 32 2.4 Political Agency and the Arab Spring 38 2.5 Political Agency under Authoritarianism: Toward a Point of Enquiry 46 3 Theoretical Framework 48 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 Structural Social Movement Theory 49 3.2.1