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Home , Gate tower, Windsor Castle

123Middle Ward St George’s (closed Sundays) Finding your way at Look at The activity trail starts here! What was used to build Windsor ? Why is there a Chapel here? Windsor Castle the Map! • Remember to look at the numbers on the map of the The wooden fortress built here was soon replaced by a castle long ago had a chapel where the Castle in this trail to find your way around. The numbers fit for a king. Heavy blocks of stone were used to build walls nobleman, his family and everyone who lived QUEEN MARY’S 4 DOLLS’ HOUSE at the top of each page match those on the map. After 1 up to 4 metres thick that were like an upright sandwich with in the castle could say prayers together. and 2 you can follow the trail in whatever order you like. a rubble filling. The blocks were STATE APARTMENTS The one at Windsor is called St George’s Castles • Ask the adult with you to read the information sheet as stuck together with mortar. Small Chapel and was built more than 500 years NORMAN you go around. You’ll find out lots more fascinating facts! pieces of shiny stone were added ago. It was finished at the time of King Henry VIII. GATEWA Y 5 to the mortar, to stop it oozing out. Long Ago Henry is one of ten kings buried in the Chapel: 6 On your way in… What are these shiny stones called? ENGINE COURT look out for their tombs. QUADRANGLE OUT! Castle defences ...... NORTH TERRACE Castles long ago were often attacked by enemy soldiers and The Knights of the Garter ROUND so had lots of special features that made it difficult for Is Windsor Castle on a hill? Find the Quire of the Chapel: ask a steward to show you the 4 people to get in. Tick these off when you see them: Did build his castle on a hill or on way. This is the place of worship for the . flat ground? Circle the right answers and you will find out! This order or band of knights began at Windsor more than MIDDLE WARD 2 660 years ago. There are Knights of the Garter today and you Archers fired arrows through the On my way in I walked uphill / downhill . can see their banners hanging here. They also have metal 1 opening (crenel) and then hid behind When I look up to the Round Tower, I can see it is built name plates that are fixed to the walls along with the plates the upright section (). on flat land / a steep hill . of all the Garter Knights of the past. When I stand near the signpost with my back to the The banners show each square round ST GEORGE’S Round Tower, I can / cannot see far away to the hills Knight’s coat of arms , a CHAPEL Towers that stand out from the walls helped the guards to beyond the Castle. type of badge. In the WAY IN see the enemy below. Round towers were more difficult to days when knights 3 knock down because there were no corners and they also Why did the King choose this site? wore full armour and KING HENRY VIII helped the archers shoot arrows in many different directions fought in battle, – draw a round tower here. When you know WHAT William chose, write down WHY you think this was. The king built Windsor Castle every knight EXIT on a hill / flat ground because it makes it easier to had to have a ...... badge that was not the same as You will see the Round Tower at the centre of Windsor As you follow the ...... any other so that Castle as you enter the castle precincts. To help you find trail, look out for people could tell your way around, the numbers on the map match those at the Garter symbol. Why is the Castle this shape? who he was. the top of each section of the activity trail. If you get lost, How many can Keep ask a warden to show you the way. you find? Long ago hundreds of ‘motte and ’ castles were built across King Edward III ...... . Most of them Leave the Quire and walk on until you find a painting of Why were castles built? Arrow loops looked like this: King Edward III. Find out more about him by filling in the • William the Conqueror built lots of castles when he R These narrow openings kept the archers safe from o missing words. y

invaded England after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. a

enemy arrows. When you turn the corner at the l

• Windsor Castle was one of a ring of fortresses built around C top of the hill, look how wide the arrow loops King Edward III is dressed in a scarlet ...... trimmed with o l

Motte London and soon became a royal home because it was so l are on the inside of the wall. Why do you think e

ermine, a kind of white ...... Edward is the king who c

strong and safe. t

this is? Lean into one of the low ones to test i Bailey wanted to be like King ...... and his Knights of the Round o out your ideas. • Loyal noblemen and bishops built castles on land given to n

E

Table and so he made 24 of his most loyal friends the first them by the king. There they could keep law and order. d

Windsor Castle is one of the largest of them all and is unusual u ...... of the Garter. Next to the picture hangs his ...... c because it has TWO baileys. Look in the information sheet to • In times of trouble, castles became a place where farmers a t i ...... learn more about how motte and bailey castles were built. which is more than 600 years old. and villagers could shelter alongside lords and ladies. o n A

North Terrace Engine Court Norman Gateway c 4 5 6 t

E i COME TO WI TL EL ND CAS v The trail continues… Walk over to the railings. On the other side of the grass Some of the gate defences used in earlier times to W SOR from here, you can see where The Queen lives. If she is keep out the enemy can still be seen. Be careful of i Windsor Castle was built at the top of this steep cliff so the t

here today, she may be looking out of her window at you! one danger you would not have met then – cars! y guards could keep an eye on the people and goods moving along the , far below. It’s not easy to see the The Quadrangle Guarding the T river now because of all the buildings! r This area of grass is the place where kings and queens in the past Pretend you are in charge of the soldiers guarding this a held colourful festivals and tournaments. A special type of gateway long ago. In the gate tower the King of is ATTA CK! If you were an enemy attacking this i

tournament involved knights on horseback charging towards being held prisoner and his friends are trying to break in to l castle long ago, think how hard it would be to climb up each other carrying heavy lances and trying to knock each set him free. You must check the gate defences: tick them that cliff. People tried all sorts of other ways to break in

other off. This was the way they practised their fighting skills. off as you find them. C and these are the names of some of them.

Unscramble these letters to find out what it was called. a battering ram mine belfry trebuchet

Portcullis s (say it treb-oo-shay ) J I N G O U S T ...... This is a heavy wooden gate with t

Fill in the missing letters to iron spikes. Look up and you will l help you remember them. b __ l __ r __ e find it ready to be let down if ENCIL R FREE P ! s enemies come near. (The spikes PLE G YOU This tower was ASE COMPLETE USIN

__ a __ __ e r __ __ g brought up close to the have been cut off to make it safe.) L

______walls and had a platform o

This was a log hanging at the top for the enemy Murder holes n to storm across. Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest castle

on chains, used to break Can you see some stonework that g in the world which is still lived in today. It has overhangs the outside wall of the gateway? Make sure you

down walls and doors. been a royal castle for more than 900 years and

post guards up there ready to drop boiling water and rocks A is now one of The Queen’s favourite homes.

Defending the Keep through the holes onto the enemy. g

Imagine you are defending this Castle and enemy soldiers Here you will see the rooms The Queen uses o have broken in! You rush to the top of the Round Tower when she welcomes her guests – but you will also see battlements, towers and murder holes

and fire or throw things down at them. Remember, hundreds of years ago there were no guns or bombs. that were used long ago to keep people out! What will you use instead? Here are some clues: We use this for frying chips BOILING __ I __ . I I

h

m __ n __ t e

You find this in the Sahara desert HOT S __ N __ b a z i __ r e b __ c __ e t l E This was a tunnel dug under My name is n e e

You need this for making tea BOILING __ ATE __ u Q

This big catapult shot rocks, a tower. When the wooden props holding up y t s e j fire – even dead animals – the roof were set on fire, the tunnel caved in You need these to play cowboys a ...... M

r

Heavy wooden doors e

high over the castle walls. and the walls of the tower came crashing down. H and Indians ©

This activity trail will help me to Your soldiers will slam these shut, bolt them 0 1 0 2

BO __ S AND A __ __ OW __ and put a drawbar across the inside to make sure n o

i • find out why castles were built and who lived in t

Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House and the State Apartments c e l

no-one gets through. (Long ago the doors were taller!) l

o them, C

These will smash your neighbour’s l a

Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House was given to The Queen’s grandmother over y o

window R • explore why this was such a good place to build ©

80 years ago. Queen Mary said it was ‘the most perfect present that When your visit is over and you leave the Castle through n

o Windsor Castle, i t

ROCKS AND S __ ON __ __ a anyone could receive’ and when you visit it you will see why. the KING HENRY VIII GATEWAY, see how many of these c u d E

• discover why castles were difficult to break into n

defences you can find there too. o i t

The State Apartments are where The Queen entertains her guests. In c

e and what enemies used in order to try. l Well done l o C

St George’s Hall are coats of arms of all the Knights of the Garter since l a

T y OU I o Y EN S R the Order began – more than 1, 000 in all! Turn to section 3 to find out more. You fought so hard that all the PE JOY I O ED Y R V y H OU b E d

W e Next to this hall is the Lantern Lobby where you will find the Garter symbol attackers that are still alive are c u d o r

and motto set into the floor. The information sheet tells you more about them. running away as fast as they can! … and discovered lots of new things about Castles Long Ago. P