English Surnames

ENGLISH SURNAMES

AND

T H E I R P L A C E

IN T H E

T E U T O N I C F A M I LY .

ROBERT FERGUSON ,

“ A UTHO R or Tm: N omn mm- 1 x C UMBERLAND AND

Wm nom w n .

T H N S E O J O A N R L. D . T , L ,

mox ms mm

T H E A U T H O R .

P R E F A C E .

The object of the present work is to vindi cate the anti uit and to assert the no ilit of our En ish names q y, b y, gl

—to ex lain their meani n and to assi n their lace in p g, g p the euto nic famil T y. — I have endeavoured to shew in opposition to the — generally received opini on that a very large proportion o f them are as old as A nglo - Saxon times and that not a fewremoun h h ti ui To com t to the ig est Teutonic an q ty.

are them with other names of the same famil ancient p y, d m an o ern is a feature essential to the investi ation . d , g

Throughout this work I have endeavoured as much as possible to avoid going over ground which has been already occu ie and have strictl conﬁne m self to that which p d, y d y re uires ex la ti Hence it must be re arde as a q p na on. g d — — supplement to rather than a substitute for existing wor s on the su t k bjec .

The ﬁel is a wi e one and there will b much to add d d , e

—it is a diﬂi cult one th h t , and ere will be muc to correc .

But I hope to have the credit of having fai rly grappled with the su ect and of havin one somethin to lift u bj , g d g p the veil which han s over r h g ou Englis names.

Morton Carlisle , ,

J n . u e, 1858

W E LIST OF THE PRIN CIPAL ORKS CONSULT D .

’ G Grimm s Deutsche rammatik.

’ Grimm s Deutsche M thol e o i 3rd ed. y g , 4 Gottfn m 185 . g ,

’ Forstemann n u s Altdeutsches Name b ch.

56 . N0rdM en, 18

’ Pott s Personennamen ins eson ere die Familiennamen , b d ,

und ihre Entshehun sarten . Lei zi 1853. g p g,

Ou ’ i tzen s Glossarium der Fries schen Sprache.

Co enha en 1837 . p g ,

' ' A n dod b th ic a lid i ﬂ cﬁc nam o pp abow qf .

’

Is an s Landnamabok hoc est Liber Ori inum Islan ia . l d , , g d

o enha en 1774. C p g ,

Islenzki r An nﬂ ar sive A nn alee Islan i ci. , d

o e ha en 847 . C p n g , 1

m m am m - om m dm m ww am u am v .

Codex Di lomati cus A vi Sax oni i M K m l e c b J . . e e. p , y b L don 1 4 on , 8 7 .

Names Surnames and Nicnames of the An lo- Saxons , , g , M J . m . Ke e. L by bl ondon, 1 846 .

Northern M h t olo 851 . b B. hor e. Lond on 1 y g , y T p , The A n lo- Saxon oems of Beowulf the Sco or Glee g p , p ’ n s tale and he Fi ht t F b r B ma t a inncs u . , g g, by

hor e . x 45 T O ord 1 8 . p f ,

' M h rn nti uiti s A B w lac ell. allot s Nort e A e e ite J . . q , d d by k L 1 84 7 . ond on ,

’ Worsaae s Dance and Norwe ians in En lan Scotlan g g d, d, Ir 5 and elan . Lond on 1 8 2 . d ,

’ Latham s Ethnoloy of the British Islands. 85 1 2. Lond on ,

’ Bosworth s Origin of the English an d Germanic languages L 1 4 ti ond 8 8 . and na ons. on,

M w on Famil Nomenclature . A . Lo er. Essay y , by L d on 8 9 on , 1 4 .

l . F x En lish Et mo o ies H o al ot. g y g , by T b L 84 1 . ondon, 7

J ournal of the Archaeological Institute .

i Proceedings of the Philolog cal Society. E TABLE OF CONT NTS .

INTRODUCT ION

0mm 11 .

N u ns smNnrrmc MAN AND WOMAN

CHAPTER 111 .

N ANEs DEmVED man on com WITH EUTONIC , , T

CHAPTER IV .

NAm DEmvED m rn n com ED WITH HEEo o , o c r , Wonsmr

OKAPTEE V .

N AEEs TAKEN momANmALs

CHAPTKB VI.

N AN Es TAKEN rao T PLANTS METAl s dzc. x am , , ,

N Aims TAKEN s WAE Anus AND WARLIKE aon , ,

N AM BX r P E FRIENDSHIP AND A r ES PBESS IVE o EAC , , FECTION

CHAPTER IX .

N AMES DE RIVED FRO M RELATIONSHIP CHAPTER II.

N AMES DERIVED FROM NATIONALITY

HAP C TER KI .

OLD SAXON AND ANGLO- SAXON NAMES

SCANDINAVIAN NAMES

PATRONYMICS AND DIMINUTIVES

ERIVED FROM PHYSICAL CHARACTERI 29 N AMES D STICS. 5

CHAPTER v x .

N AMES DERIVED FROM MENTAL dz MORAL QUALITIES . 31 2

R vr CHAPTE x .

N AMES DERIVED FROM OFFICE OR OCCUPATION

v CHAPTER K n .

N AMES FROM THE SEA AND THE SEA

CHAPTER XVIII.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

CHAPTER xx .

CONCLUSION

AD DENDA ET CO RRIGENDA

INDEx C H A P T E R I .

N R DU I I T O CT ON.

— There may have been in anc ient times who now an uncoun ted populati on as prodigious at

in a dark corner can tum his face to the wall and ive u the key of his house unnoticed g p — - no petty shop be shut no humble name be o As s l as the la e painted ut. ure y p c which whim n him no m ere man m h e k ows ore, y onths

NT I RODUCTION . 3 c of o ur an a hief cestor. And third might say See you you white horse cut on the — turf of the southern down whence came that

invaders wreste d the soil from its British ne the stam ed s as the s n ow r, y p it with thi ig at n e of e and of r fa o c th ir victory thei ith . An d un n u l as the l s e a an , co scio s y Wi t hir pe s t does reverence to the heathen symbol when

u l n the e o as fa he o t i es of whit h rse, his t rs have on for a a ousan ea efore him d e perh ps th d y rs b , r s an as I am reserve a so do I, good Ch i ti , p

IN name of H CKS. The etymology of proper names is the only branch then of the subj ect which can in any e be alle ula for m s men e en sens c d pop r ; o t , v of thow who care not to enquire the origin of the lan ua e s ea f s m n e or g ge th y p k, eel o e i t rest N T I TRODUC ION . curiosity in knowing the meaning of the names

In the inves tigation of this subject tradition us l l but a gives itt e or no assistance . Not th t there are many traditions as to the origin of

n e a r less and delusive. I d ed it is r the curious a n in ma e s oﬁe n how tr ditio , tt rs of hi tory so eu

n n is generally sheer i ve tion. Archaeology and genealogy will do a great eal and a e ll do has e n ell d , wh t th y wi b e w done which will always remain a standard book of on the su e reference bj ct . But there is a deeper vein which philology alone can r a and u ull of e ch, which, tho gh f

The last work on the subect b an Amerioan j y , 5 INTRO DUC TION . lect all the ancient names and arran e m , g the un e their re e ve This ives a ﬁrm d r sp cti roots. g

nam In ar sc s es. this dep tment the Altdwt he Nawwnbueh Ferstemann a m s om l te of is o t c p e . l and u wor m l ell so id, tr st thy work, extre e y w arran ed and i n more li ht on En lisb g , throw g g g nam s an an n onl e th y other book I k ow . I y regret that not having had it in my possessi on at the mmen m n of m un a n co ce e t y dert ki g, I have not been able to avail myself of it to the

German family names is also one of great learn in and ea but an n the lu a ran e g res rch, w ti g cid r g ’ m nt a a s Fiirste mann s r e which ch r cteri es wo k.

name in a o 700 a es without an n e , b ok of p g i d x,

minds of those who have to consult it. According to my view of the subject the Directory of London is to be regarded much in the same hght and treated much on the same plam as a dictionary of the English lan ua In o w fin a m r of g ge. bth e d nu be wards introduced at the period of the Norman n ue t In both Co q s . we find many imported at a la wr pm' iod fio m the c h and a few fin m otber l n s b we find man a g uage . In oth y 6 I T T N RODUC ION .

tha t have sprung up in the English middle a es and ma be a few a are the u g , it y th t prod c on of m e n S an But in we l ti od r l g . both shal

ﬁnd a the l sub- s a um Is An lo~Sax on th t so id tr t g , qualiﬁed In both casea by a large Scandinavian

Saxons or of Northmen we shall ﬁnd the o nals our nam else in the n o rigi of es, or A gl Saxon and its kindred dialects we shall ﬁnd mo o cal e lana on ur er eir e . as th ty l gi xp ti F th , or s do not s an alone but are e t w d t d , divid d in o ou of e e is one or a gr ps, which th r w d th t forms — the so ou ma not be to the am root, th gh it y s e e ent—is the ca e name a xt it s with s . L stly as in the l n u n c lan ua of u ivi g Te to i g ges E rope, as the erman the Dan s and the Du we G , i h , tch ,

cended from the same a en so will it p r t stock , be seen that we are cousins in the names we bear as well as in the words we speak

in fant several whic h are in a sense older thim

INTRODUCT ION. 9

ﬁeiall the a ear to contain a l r e German y, y pp a g le t i I m wi our ow h e men I CO mon th n. T us tbe name of Berangsr iIs just the same as our BERRINO E and the Gm nan Berin sr bera a a g , , bearwand ger a spear Guiaot may probably be m Old Germ n Gisd whence the patronymic

Them was a Gis bi ho Well 1 f A. D 06 s o 0. d p a, . The names of ltaly too have inherited a Ga man element ﬁ' om the Gotha and many of the m w h u ar al eorres ond it . u p o rs Th s G ib di, as l hav w w is G e else here ahe n, an Old m

ar al s ea - ol an d the am as our G ib d, ( p r b d) , s e

warriors only immortal singers have the te A Goths bestowed on Ita ly . Dan lighieri m y be brother to the AwER in the Io ndcm

This is sug este d by Pott but it secms doubt or alie sd m cls the win s to ﬁ muld be gg m p g , yn a u ci nt t on li n s ﬁ e e ym . But other of the Ita a 1 0 INTRODUC TION .

am e ar n or ua n a and e L b rt, W i G ri , Rioc rd, L ob ar or ar And o . ur h t Leop d with ALLMAN , BALCHIN LAMB ERT S and , , WARREN , RICHARD , O a ma an Old LE PARD . T sso y be German ” asso a er u a FCmteman T , v y obsc re root, s ys n en e a o an man im nu H c T ssil , Old Ger d i tive,

the s a ma al which Goth h ve de to It y. In referring to the high antiquity of some of our n l s names is n ssa all a en E g i h , it ece ry to c tt

on to e r two - fo o i n ar ti th i ld rig . They e derived in part from origi nal sumamea and in part r m anc en n e or a mal names The f o i t si gl b ptis . “ ” te rm baptismal must be understood in a m e sense as m n a name es odiﬁ d , i plyi g b towed

r e or e em n for man of e e name are it c r o y, y th s s in al l e an n t The m re ity o d r th Christia i y. for er of these two classes of course cannot be older than the period at which surnames became T IN RODUCTION . 1 l

a e re o usl s ste ou an e h v p vi y ugge d, With t y ref r to r me n n thei a i g .

n e e of ow i t r st its n. The latter gives us those names which are common to almost all the old

eu n am l and mo ern e T to ic f i y, to their d d scend an ar ts. These e the names which are older an An l —a n u er em th g o S xo , bro ght ov with th by a l le s en e ame and st l the e r y sett r wh th y c , i l — The former class those derived from sur

for as om a e the n l lan ua c p r d with E g ish g ge, they shew us the divergence of two lines sta rt

in m ame n - a n n e g fro the s A glo S xo poi t. Th y are as a: as o l e ano er lan ua , they g , ik th g ge la e S S the rs su e to p c d ide by ide with ﬁ t, bject d s me but not to all of the same n u n s and o , i ﬂ e ce ,

' ne markable i r nce onl our na e d ﬁe e . Not y do m s

been lost to the languaga but those which are cemmon to both they prescnt in a state of much re The reason of this m t g ater purity. us be

n a wmd chan e it chan es alto ether Whe g a g g , bemusc there is only one standm' d of the lan e B t this no t e casc with name s guag . u is t h ; 1 2 I T D T N RO UC ION .

’ ’ one man name no u e anothel s and s is r l for , — own account Names do change because the same principles of phonetic mutation aﬁect them — b ar all enc ut only individually and p ti y. H e we a e em in all s a es ure n lo- a n h v th t g , p A g S xo ,

l s and al - wa e een the two o n l . wh l y E g i h , h f y b tw In our na mes and we a e the NAGLE NAIL, h v — n - a n me el and the En l s nai ih A glo S xo g , g i h l our names WEGO and WAY we have the Anglo a on we and the n s wa —in our names S x g, E gli h y

and we ave the n o- a n GUMM GROOM, h A gl S xo ums an the n s roo m And in g , d E gli h g . the names U C FUE P and F OLE, L OWELL, FOWLE, we have all the stages of mutation from the n o—Saxon u el the n l s o l m A gl f g to E g i h f w . So e of our name on ain or s s in n l s c t w d lo t E g ish, but retain c in r u ﬁ'om the An lc d Ge man. Th s g a n 30 m au ul m our nam O S xo 6 , be tif , co es e SH NE, corres ondin with the German n me n p g a Sche ,

Aad a com ound of the same is SHe NmI Old p , I T T 1 N RODUC ION . 3

In one respect names have been subj ecte d to an inﬂuen ce from which the English lan guage has been exempt : they have frequently been corrupte d from the desire to make sense

inall had a mean n s ea of ases in g y i g , I p k c c the an en m an n has ome s l whi h ci t e i g bec ob o ete . When a name has no approac h towards making Sen e men are n n to let al ne but en s , co te t it o , wh it is very nearly ma king some sort of modern is e a t o u e sense . us , it v ry p to be c rr pt d Th , AM is no doubt the Danish name Asketil GOODLUCK is very probably a corrup i n of uthlac r is a lac e in o c t o G . The e p N rwi h ’ ’ alle Goodluck s se o me l Guthlac s c d clo , f r r y l We a e the name THOROUC H COOD c ose. h v , and we a e the name The la t r h v THURGOOD. t e

With respect to the period at which sur nm es became hereditary in England I Lower in h inclined to concur with Mr. t e pro hability of their being in occasional use before the C n ues ou do not n a the o q t, th gh I thi k th t

fmm it M at wolnshira to the Abbey of Croy I TR 1 4 N ODUCT ION .

lan a e 1 05 1 ﬁﬁeen ar o the Co n d, d t d , ye s bef re ue q st. “ a en to C OD and Gu hl of I h ve giv St. t ac Croylan d all my man or situate near the paro c al ur of the same o n all the hi ch ch t w , with an s and e nemen a i ls and s es due l d t ts, r ervic , . c ol in the ame man r &c all whi h I h d s o , ., with

' rw omtum mes s and his e se uell (p p y ) whol q , with all the goods and chattels which he hath in he same o n el s and mars l t es. s t w , ﬁ d , h A o a n the sm abrwm and le H rdi g, ith , (f , ) his who

the s erman iscatorem 850 ls ﬁ h (p J . A o C Imte r L Also mk iniet &c . u Gri elson 850 ls o , G ty , . A T b e 8m A urstan Du b . l l a the la , so A g r, b ck

ac. l E the son of ar A so dric, Siw d

ia/ wardi l l m Si 8m. l mund the mil ( ﬁ ) . A so Os , ler be. o esi Tuk 8m. Als B , me e Pinceheck 0 ls Al l d & . use so E r , A o Go

1 6 INT T I RODUC ON .

whatever to shew that any of these surnames a ac of m o heredit ry. The f t so e f them being Englis h surnames at the present day red l am un n n m o n on b y o ts to othi g, if y pi i e correct that we have a great number of such nam on the o e an es. If th r h d they were very a c a ul a e me alue sc r e, the f ct wo d h v so v . e e is a um n u e r m the Th r doc e t q ot d f o MSS . o r in his s o . M u ne f the C tt by . T r r, Hi tory

n - a on in we ﬁn d an n l A glo S x s, which A g o Saxon family with unquestionably a regular su name B e H aas was a ee r . wit k per of bees in Hmthfelda and a H atte hi s dau htm' T te , g , was the mo e of Wulsi e and th r g , the shooter u e H atte s ste of Wulsi e Hehstan L ll , the i r g ,

Dunn and Seoloce e e n in Hmthfelda e, , w r bor . Du n H atte the son of Wifus e le at di g , , is s tt d

son n Herethr the ma au ht y , rried the d g er of

” was the ful oss ssor of H thfel right p e ae da azc. T umen i is num 1 35 6 in his doc t, wh ch bered INTRODUUIION. 1 7

has every appearance of being carlier than the

t ' n ue , And so T the l ere Co q s if , HAI is o dest h a su nam we a e on ec dit ry r e h v r ord. It corres on s the Old erman names a o p d with G H tt , a o a and a ffe en orms of H dd , H ddo, Ch do, di r t f — the Same or n n war and cones w d, sig ifyi g uen our and q tly, with HADDO, HEAD, CHAD . — Then HATRED is the Same as HAD ROT the Old e rman name B ad ara red or rat coun G t, ( , e And HATT EM ORE is the ame as th el. ) s e Old ma r llus r o erman Hademar us. G , ( , i t i ) names men tioned in this document have also become English sur name s as T T S HA STINO s , WHI E, TA E, WOL EY, , altogether this simple record of an Anglo Saxon family of the yeoman class conﬁrms me in the opinion which I have elsewhere ex

thoroughly adopted the regular Anglo - Saxon te m m un nam s but el on ma nl sys of co po d e , h d i y to the old and simpler sort which they at ﬁrst ova t em And a es brought wi h th . th t th e are to a great exten t the names that are current at l 8 NAMES SIGNIFYING

CHAPTER I I .

NAM ES I GN I F YI N G MA S N A ND WO MA N.

THERE are several names of which the etymo o cal mean n is s m l Man and l gi i g i p y Woman . — enter more or less of a higher scnse in the

’ ’ ” —“ for a tha A A man s a man t. nd in many

of mere sex . D O MAN AN W MAN. 1 9 — Tac itus the fabled son of the hero or grd and fOImder f the German n Tuisco o ation. i , is at aU events a most ancia It name havin g been in common use ever since the 7th cent , and fOImd in a compound form as early as the 4 ma f m Old th. MANNING y be ro Norse mam nin i a a al an m m be an. Or it a g , br ve or v i t y

' m Au - Sa i ho M x. n son or de ANN , with g g, scendant ; hence equivalent to the name MAN

SON on was an n l - a n fo m of . M other A g o S xo r s i in ro in i l se e ﬁnd a mam t n p v c a u . W Mon

r o i An - Sax No te C d . D . . 5 2 4 Presby , p y . .

n a our name SO and the He ce prob bly MON N, M IN TON is a local name ON C . ALLMAN an ug mentative of the n and MA NNALL ma be se se, , y word inver d the same te . But if it be the same

c io is the e of an au men a e iat n) it r verse g t tiv . m nu e we ave M I Of di i tiv s h AN CO, MANNA

‘ RAY MANNIx MANCHEE M ANCHI N A S Q , , , , M N ION — ferms in il bo kemkta ckenmkin n d in el m , ’ d Gri mms D eta ch ra/ 3 o mm. 12, . ( . O , a ik Manniki Mannila were Old Ge rman a n ,

- an Anga SaL name in a charteI of ﬂ thelred of

W s ex A.D. 868 . r a M ma be e s , Pe h ps m y

MAN W 2 1 AND OMAN .

and S An - a e rl Old orse S x. a CARL CHARLE , g , N l w v ka r . as a er comm n name It y o , both man and an na an and is foun as Ger Sc di vi , d M as the se en cen ur is a y v th t y. CALL prob bly

om An - Sax calla e ball ano he fr g , Old Nors , t r o m of earl And U r m kerl f r . C RLL, CURLING, f o , an Old r es c The o se c m n s F i i form. Old N r o bi e

the ka rt- mmmi ea si mf in a two words , ch g y g A d ma man to donote a ero . n , h CALMAN y a l be a s m la u l ca n c n e prob b y i i r red p i tio , o s

Landnamabok and the an s arlo , with Fr ki h C C R o ma man. A L ss an d SS CARROLL, , CARLE y probably be the Old German names Karol and Ca lus its a on m c ro GARLE, with p tr y i GARL ma be an er orm of L—c an d ING, y oth f CAR y co mo l n e an An IN m n n . d GIRL C y i t rch gi g GIRL, , “ ” ma be the same as En r a fem n ne y g . gi l, i i a the e formed from garl by we kening vow l. t e ( Bu s e p. R S and n n Old A E ABBEY, correspo di g with n s h' o m . m. am and are Ger e Abbo Abbi, Goth ba ' a a man. T and T c re n , FAI FAI H or spo d W an Old rm a o FOrstemann ith Ge F tt , which

n o e same m an n is An A other word f th e i g g . l Sax. um Old o se mmni O d g , N r g , High Ga m omo whcnce GU) w and GOMM cou es g , .

25 MAN AND WOMAN .

m e fﬁcu and oub r m the man with or di lty d t, f o

f om the same a are n r us we ave r pp t oot. Th h

endin i rm nam s Wi o Wi e . e a p g w th Old G pp , pp ,

e e and l c Forste mann refers to Wi b Wihe , whi h

A - S x e m wi oma n a wi r . n g . f; Old High G p , w . ’ But ere are a few men s names amon thcm th g , and he n s a the o ofweba n ea e thi k th t r ot , to w v , n erm x s er a s also Old o se m a i t i e . P h p N r pp , to m v ra l to ran s as a s o i . W o o e pid y, b di h, w rd pp was the name of a mythica l Frankish king ’ rim D euts 2 ms ch M 7 . ( G . M 7 en we ave I m Th h QU N , QUEEN , which ight

m h. win Old uin An a na . be fro Got q , Norse q , g “ ”

Sax. n a m n En B t m e a . u en. u e e , wo , g q e h r ’ again an Old Germ Quino comes in as a man s a Edrstemann a es it to be an as i name, nd t k p ha UENNEL ic a e m no . r t d for of Wi So t t Q , wh h m a m nut e of cwén man as ight be di i iv , wo , MAN NELL of MA NN ma also be an a a e , y spir t d ﬁrm o ilo And c f Winn . QUINCH, WINCH, whi h

” ma on of o ur or en ma e n ti w d w ch, y corr spo d tb er ich and Mo Wi an Old G m d d Ge rm.

MAN AND wow . 2 7

there is an Old Germ female name Medan a.

md MAY mi ht he from An - Sax ma , which g g g. S x ma at Old e me En Old g , Nors y, Old g. ” a ma a ma d n B he of ma m e . ut t an y, i root y e s man as well as woma an thexe is an An m d g. ’ Sax Me an Old e m Ma odius men s g, G r g , both names and a masculine Maio as well as a femi n n a M D MAN and i e M ia. Then we have A I MAY m ul u in a c r an , which wo d be q ite c o d ce with — — an Anglo Saxon expmssion mzddenm anm a f male of the ma en But uman ac e a . e h r , id here again an Old Germ Medeman co mes in as a ’ ma n nam of the 9 h n s e t ce t. e n ere is Ma rts m nu s Th th , with its di i tive Mu m and MA 'I' I‘OCK or MADDICK , which

m - be f m An math 8. ma But Sax . en. ight ro g , id

e in An - a ma th e e t com S x. her two oth r roo s , g , mai d m ono ve en and e m. h r, re r ce, Old G r , ight,

as in a And there is an Old m. Matild . Ger ’ ’ a a man s name as l as omen names M tto, , we l w s ’ Matte and An d cho a man s Ma . d Ma a th ,

name r s on the Mod - e m , co re p ding with G r W e and a c s our Ma nmcx and M tti k ,

- r rom e A . t n h n . ma h Mar ow. t Su (F g , ho or. em s matlufc modwt—and no t f m the M e , , ro 2 8 names s mmrrmo

— the las c rre on n the Old erm t o sp di g with G .

a he s and Mo - rm a er h r an d e . e e M t r , G M th , , fac e 2) Then there are so me other names in which an er roo o mes in MAD oth t c MADLE, MADELY, e e m be im nu e ma but LIN . Th s ight d i tiv s of id, o r names Ma alo they corresp nd with Old Ge m. d and Madelint Forstemann e e s , which r f r to

h ma thl assem l el era n . ere Got , b y, d ib tio H n our name MA IDDOW falls m res n the , cor po d n h erm ad alo el n n i g with t e Old G . M . B o gi g to h s u is M Old erm Madalhari t i gro p EDLAR, G , — Mod - er here an arm e be m. a m d G M dler ( , y) in the ran s fo m as al in M g Old F ki h r , so EDLAND an or ld M o d f the O erm. ad land MEDLOCK. G

It will be seen then that tho ugh some of the

exceedingly diﬂicult to separate them from AND 2 9 MAN WOMAN .

w r esi forms of An - w a a Sax . wma ﬁ , F i c g f , ma n And FENNING u in s me ide FENN , , tho gh o cases the forme ma be oca ma be rom r y l l , y f

tem e ano er An - Sa x f rm n . o er a s s , th g . P h p thi

ann s fo m of d m nu e is fu e re N y . Thi r i i tiv rth r ' a ter fa red to in another ch p . a e u ul names are and R th r do btf MENNEN , Mam MOWL e m be e e or . Th y ight r spectiv ly menen and meawle meow , le,

t f n n a bo h signi yi g a you g or unm rried woman . m he Or the latter ight be t same as Mom. and

Mom.

n e are two nam UOMMAN i The th re es, Q , wh ch m be an as i ate o m oman and ight p r d f r of w , WOMAOK c mi be fr m a s milar ori , whi h ght o i

in As oman is m - ma n so m en m g w f , Wo ight

- - wr ma e m mwc merc a man . be f g, ( y, ) Or f c ,

ere rema n the names R GO and VIBGlN Th i VI , 30 NAMES swmrvmc

at lea as ar s the la for VI st reg d tter, RGIN is the name of the present High Admiral of n i as a an na an nam ul Swede , wh ch, Sc di vi e. co d

In the two fo llowing names the sense of s a of om divinity mingle with th t w an. These

are Drss and ALmss oun as Scandina» , both f d vian female names in the Landnamabok of elan The orse dis ni a es Ic d . Old N sig ﬁed godd s, but nall a or n r mm m l a origi y, cc di g to G i , si p y oman and in ro er names the sen a w , p p se prob bly h Dis wavers between t e two . by itself was a e name but was mo e mm nl u e in prop r , r co o y s d

om un one of was l allman c po ds, which A dis. wo . o - s er names s r all goddes . Oth with thi termi AND Iss an d IS nation are BRAND . In order to ac count for the female names

a ll a t supposed that th ey indic te i egitim cy. Bu

a l an en nam s i the e n For pp y to ci t e l ke for goi g . in tlre origin of surnames l can see no reasen why they might not in some eases be taken

w rm omc T rrn . 33 , MY HOLOGY

nearl Eowhen one of the A - n Sax. y with , g ms le r . esem e the fo Whi GODIN , GOODEN , r bl Godmi and u an of the es al an a n G d W tph i S xo s,

But O O ma t . r a he the ag G DIN, G ODEN , y, pe h ps, same as GODa and OO I are fr m G D NG, which o ffe en ou e Of the an na fo a di r t s rc . Sc di vian rm

n do not ﬁnd an race e t er in the Odi I y t , i h name s of ersons or in the names of laces p p , unless it be Oddendale in Cumberland n ee mus be adm e a all the ore I d d, it t itt d th t f in are o en to cons era e ou for go g p id bl d bt, I have not met with any instance of the ancient ’ O in or Woden a a man s name use d s . The

' tnne s me name of la es suc as Wednesham o s p c , h , seem to n mos na urall to a re e name poi t t t y p p r . n had s al les some of a ea Odi ever tit , which pp r to be preserved

S s mOld o se 63k WI H O ki, fro N r , WHISII a was one of the wish, prin Wrsxmo cipal titles of Odin in the Wmsnmo “ and is suppoeed to signify one who listens " to the prayers or wishes of mankind C 3 4 S R E RO OR ONNE T NAME DE IV D F M, C C ED

in the Landnamabok mm name . Gri has shown how the German minnesingers of the 1 3th century personiﬁed the Wunsch or h He a r a num of am l wis gives g e t ber ex p es, —“ on which he remarks In the greater part of these instances we might put Deity

stead of Wunsch . Sometimes the poets seem to doubt whether to put god or uns h In the s e am le from Gre or W c ﬁr t x p g y, the Wunsch seems almost to be ranked as a

e n o f the sec n or er a se an me en b i g o d d , rv t or ss ” r of the highe deity. Fromthis source pmbably m un a e n e man fam nam co es W sch, Mod r G r ily e The Anglo- Saxon form Of this title of Odin ul Wise in n l s s em le wo d be , E g i h Wi h (K b ,

n l - a n And the E n u A g o S xo s, l , di b rgh

“ name ril 1 855 o a al s, Ap , , bserves th t sever names o f plaoes in England appear to be oom

” Wrsna a'r ma also have been fo o y rme d fr m it. It will be seen hcwe ver that we have the wnw ramomc m o wor . , 3 5

WrsmNo and WmsmNO r e e p es rv the Ang,

o ant The r dmcend . name WISHART is com

Wi as the Old e m. scard a ar G r , Vi c d. Perhaps derived from or connecte d with

Ki alar a f m , prob bly ro

rans en vey, t port, wh ce

Hall An - Sax ceol a , g , or or m n e o . Grimar hel d , m e . Ga utr ro e t d , p

SIGMUND his creation of mankind

an n a an n ame Sc d i v i .

ar a ai - ear Faw n . H b rd , h ry b d “ ” s r n l s an wo d, E g i h br d. me a ears m enealo of the Nort Thisna pp the g gy h It was a v r nmbn an kings fromWoden. e y com

watﬁka ﬁom gunm battla This was also a 3 6 S OR T NAME DERIVED FROM, CONNEC ED

e c mm n an na an name v ry o o Sc di vi . This name also appears in the genealogy of the r um r an n Si undr ol e s. m No th b i ki g g , h d r ” of c r a name common to o the Ger vi to y, b th mans and an na an S Sc di vi s. SIMMOND, SIMMON o imund a ars in probably corrupti ns. S ppe th Do o ns u un e mesday f Lincol hire. A d (pro nounced Owdun ro a s n e e a a r ) , p b bly ig iﬁ s d v st to , and is a name s ill used in e an accordin to t Ic l d, g “ ” F dr es - r n n the learned nn Ma . aral Fi g , p t b i gi g, Icelander supposes to have been a name given n aﬂe r the n ro uc n of r s an to Odi i t d tio Ch i ti ity, when be began to be regarded in the light of l s an evi pirit. e eral of e e names ou c on S v th s , th gh orresp d in les of n m evi g with tit Odi , ight, it is

he e was a o men calle au ornson T r N rth d G t Bj , whose name appears on run ic inscriptions in the Isle of Man and who 18 s a e m one of , t t d “ ” ve e all s n e i them to ha mad tho e i th sland. No w— ou au a ears as his a s al th gh G t pp b pti m , — or creator it is so appropriate as to make it wrm rs uromc m we r. 3 7 , o surname might of course have been given to any man who had a hairy heard ; we ﬁnd a Wulfwine surnamed Harberd in a charter of — ’ - 1 No 85 . manum s on An S x . od Di . a . i si C . p g

But s as an n o - a on name ul thi , A gl S x , wo d rather mean hoary- bear I am not quite sure that the father of the gods has not contributed his share to make o One of his Brown such a comm n name. nam was run s n f n a n mar es B i, ig i yi g h vi g ked ” or rema a e e e o s s name was not rk bl y br w . Thi uncommon among the Northmen ; there thre e in the Landnamabok hearing it as a a l name n was als call me b ptisma . Odi o ed so m Bninn ro n Far it from me to ti es , b w . be m all e Browns but it is clai th as sons od in, by no means improbable that some fewof that large family may be indebted to him for their m na e.

' On two diﬁe rent occasions Odi n appears in a sort of trilogy at the creation of the world in conjunction with Vili and Ve ; at the crea tion of mankind in conj unction with Hmnir and u s not em a e Lod r. These being do se to h v had an n n n e s e n but no e i depe de t xi t ce, to de t , as e o lo Mr. Thorp bserves (Northern Mytho gy) “ ” several kinds of the Divine agency . The fo llo wing names seem to be connected with one o f the forms of the former trilogy 3 8 S namvEn O OR OONNEc rE D NAME FR M,

' ' The Old se mIz VEAL Nor , VIEL ' W Ol An - Sax ILLs d Sax. wi ho, g WILsON wiﬂa Old man , High Ger WILLING WILLows to mm not nl in Gri , o y “ l na on lun a an d c i ti , vo t s ” “ O o um but also im WILL CK v t , Wa x e s WILKINS power that sets will in the erson ﬁ a on of the motion. From p i c ti will in this title od im hke that before

r the is c mes o a l llo refer ed to of w h, o pr b b y Wi .

as modern German family names ( Path) Our nam S a on m s WIL e WILL , with its p tr y ic SON and N in son or n an WILLI G, ( g, desce d t) — correspon ds with the German the a being a mere

the s in thi s case also being mereiy en »

4 0 S DER rVE D OONNEOI' ED NAME FROM, OR

n u es e e him has an amus n A tiq iti dit d by , i g speculation upon our two comic ins u ns and u n s c he su es s ma H ggi M ggi , whi h gg t y ave een na u ns and Munnins h b origi lly H ggi , ’ — after Odin s two ravens the change of a n into n for the sa e of all o gg bei g k iterati n. Proceeding to the names of the other prin cipnl gods we have The ree r name Tos s th ﬁ st s, T O E E and THUNDER , TH U N D ER , D E D O H K are ro a ONNE N E , p b bly Assl rEn differentforms ofthe name

Ae E of o r Son of n and Th , Odi , THOE BUE N the most powerful of the o m omwe a e g ds, fro wh h v s a TOE R is the Thur d y. THURSTON THUne An ' IT TEU PONIC T . 4 1 W H, MY HOLOGY

" l m h A 6 5 4—1 0 Wa d t e e D . n i 3 . i b of d v l, . . 9

m m s ll foun in Donners fo r . a Ger for , ti d t g

u s a . ccurs ou not fre uen as Th r d y It o , th gh q tly, a proper name in German y ; there was a noble fa mily on the Rhine called Donner von Lorheim ’ Gﬁ nwn s D fu t ese ree ( e se/z. M y h . Th th name en an d D s, th , TORR, THUNDER, ONNER,

the e rman and the erman name Low G , High G of od un er or se es not the g of th d . Th , by it lf, do seem to have been anciently common as a Scan

a e s a u he ul e n u a ou st t , th t tho gh co d r cko p b t om un names he ne no n an e of sixty c po d , k w i st c

u l ome e am les The name Tor o u s s pp y s x p . cc r e eral mes in Domes a a rticularl m s v ti d y, p y Yor s re e o m the al and the k hi , wh re, b th fro loc ity un a on is mo e a l of an pron ci ti , it r prob b y Sc di na an r n e e was a u nam vi o igi . Th r Thor, s r ed

n e a u me of the n u s se ot bo t the ti Co q e t, who No 5 3 of the r hae lo al seal is described in . A c o gic f l n . a o u na in a a cl . . Jo r , rti e by Mr W S W l rd and Wa Of the com oun names l . Mr. A bert y p d

we ll a n ev al as THORRURN » sti ret i s er , , THUR a s THIRR E'rrLs THURE LE H ST w or , , T UR ON, 42 S E mum on OONNEorED NAME DERIV D ,

THURO AR O THURMO'I' r “ M B or , THOR LD, , c Of THOROUOHOOOD T Ar . , THUR LE, TURPIN,

o connected with mythology than the thers. THORBURN (the Old Norse ThorbjOrn) is pro bably ﬁ- om the sac re d bear by which Thor was ac c m an en e m la to S o p ied. H c , si i r O BURN , ” i ne a THUR ET T E the Old o e d vi be r. K L ( N rs Thorketill G mm n ma m ), ri thi ks y be fro the famous kettle which Thor captured from the r giant Hymir for the gods to brewtheir bee in. en e s m lar ASHE E'I' rLE the Old e H c , i i to , ( Nors

ketill the An - And TH URKLE Os l. As Sax. c te , g y ) (the Old Norse Thorkell) he think s is a con ac e form of Thorke il As to the two tr t d t . names AssrrER and aron a e r , A , the l tt the name of a la l s e mer an te pub ic pirit d A ic , it may be just worth suggesting whether they

ul m Asa - one of les co d be fro thor, his tit ” ne divi Thor. The name of this god in all its thre e different forms a earin to be s nonimmrs with thunder pp g y . wll er a not be us n s wuiation it i , p h ps. p hi g p too

names wrrH rEU'r Nr a m , O c oro or . 43

DUNN ING commo n A n glo - S a x o n nam e t men and wo , bo h of

of the Anglo - S am ar) thinks that probably these were

a c u the n d rk olo r of perso s.

DUNGER be open to several Objec

We s ou ave to u o e en a was h ld h s pp s th , th t it ivsn in infan c on account of the a com g y, d rk le f th il m how n o e . u u p xio ch d I very ch do bt,

the te rm could fairly be applied to the com plexion of a man still more to that of a woman or a ebild But the strongest objection seems to be the manner in which the word ente rs into 8

N m in D NST BUNRALL DU oA R. U AN , , It see s fae not onl to be a ba tismsl name itself but t y p , one of those ancient words out of which bap

a D N DU N ma a be w nate th t U N , N ING, y perh ps g 4 4 OONNEO I' ED NAMES DERIVED FROM. OR

two o er fo ms D DI NN INO and with th r , INN , , D D D and a ese ma all ONN, ONNEY, ONNO, th t th y be rom d fferen or s s nif n un er as f i t w d ig yi g th d ,

th d da An - S d e ce an c rum m ax. n I l di , ; g y , l (l n ma be o e alec e . e Or ere c B g o . ( th y th r di ti Low erman forms The ee names en G . ) thr th D ST D UNRALL DUNoAR com oun e UN AN , , , p d d res e stdn or s one bcild or hold pectiv ly with t , , and dr a s ar u com are the g , pe , wo ld p with Old o Tho v lld and Thor eir If se s e nn r a . N r Thor t i , , g en some of the ro ns ma be sons of n th B w y Odi , so me of the Dunns may perhaps be sons of or Th . The following names may perhaps refer to a different title of this god Hamcr a or n to mm HAMMER , cc di g Gri , HAMER is a name under which traces HOMER of Thor are still to be found In

is er e no ou from the cele a ham d iv d, d bt, br ted T TEUTONIO T . 45 WI H, MY HOLOGY of the sam nam c es e e. orr on the erman name Homeir ro a p d with G , p b bly o i r The two l om h me er a fa m s e a . at fr f , r t w d mes will se do b ter na then it be emare u tful. Fro m another of the principal gods may be al ur the e n son of BALDER B d , s co d SO n was the e s BALDER N Odi , wis t, mos elo uen an d ami t q t, a e of the o s In an bl g d . ol o d High Germ. p em

alle Phol om mm u ses to be en c d , wh Gri s ppo id i al a er and se name he in s t c with B ld , who th k , n n o a n erman c m un n e ters i t cert i G o po d ames . e our names FOALE FOLD are Wheth r , FOLEY, nn the a e or An to be co ected with bov , with g.

Sax old Old o se oli a f al is ou ful. f , N r f , o , d bt n e the name is not er cer a n I d ed BALDER v y t i . ma be the same as an erm It y Old High G . name al eem m e a l B dheri, which s s or prob b y from bdld bold and her an arm than from , , e y, he name of the od r ma t g Baldur. O it y be from

he An - bold er a r nce ero t Sax . g , p i , h , which , e e is mos ro a as mm su es s how v r, t p b bly, Gri gg t , on e e the name of the od and not c n ct d with g , . o r ems to i n the com ve as B swo th se th k, parati M S DE EC TE 4 6 NA E RIVED FROM, OR CONN D

o oet There was a el ra e lan n a p . c eb t d Ice dic

ibus in e e n ons cont i celebr S pt tri ig t.

r mm be the same The slan of by G i to . i d

e re e on eit Its from a templ e ct d it to this d y. ” r en name s n n lan d bemar8s p es t , ig ifyi g holy , en e to i cons ra o refer c th s ec ti n. o an e son of n HODD H dr, oth r Odi , l n but of a en . b i d, gre t str gth HADDOW Grimm thinks that the HADKISS meaning of this word is O war a le and a cor HADD CK , b tt , th t it

es on nu An - Sa r p ds with g x. Hea tho a o an Old CHAD (H th ) , CHADWIN ran is ad and an F k h Ch o.

In a charter of [Ethelsta m CHA'IT ING i A . D . No S c . . Cod p ng. a

4 8 nsmvm) on N T NAMES FROM, CON EC ED

Lou i s an m lo and cor vi ytho gy, re n s the An spo d with g . T Sa x ae e r or ae e rn fr m LOF S t S t , o om we a e a ur a One of the er wh h v S t d y. d i ’ vations proposed for Lo ki s name is Old Norse Zak/ca ece e se uce loki a se ucer And , to d iv , d , , d . s seems to me the es nasmu as cor thi b t, i ch it r h - s r m a e . es n t e An Sax . ca e u po ds with g. , s d c o was not or nall v but fe l fr m his L ki igi y e il, l o s es a e and e ame corru e afie r i c fir t t t , b c pt d, wh h he was the source of continued evils among o s and men un at en he was rus g d , til l gth th t n from the a e of the s and con ne dow bod god , fi d in a r ern His a c a . u e r e a was o ky c v d ght , H l , the o ess of the inferna e ons ence on g dd l r gi , wh , the es a shmen of r an the or t bli t Ch isti ity, w d came to denote the abode of the damned Of Saeter or Saatern we know little or nothing mo e an the name but m his en r th , fro id tity with the Scandinavian Lo ki it Will be seen that the name of our six th day is taken from a being who corresponds very nearly with the Satan of r s an As the s m of e s not Ch i ti times . y bol vil it i likely that Loki would be assumed as a baptis mal name and so far as a e met , I h v with it among Old Norse names it has only been as a s r ame Our name FT ma b u n . LO y e from Loptr or Loftr a le of the aer al s was , tit Loki, i . Thi IT T TO T O W H, EU NIC MY H LOGY. 4 9 a mm n an na an a mal name but co o Sc di vi b ptis , it might have had the more general meaning of one elevated or exalted I have not met with any surname which could re asonably be supposed to be from Swter Swtern but seems ro a l r m the wa or , it p b b e, f o y in u in the names of lac e a which it occ rs p s, th t ’ was fo me u as a man s name e it r rly sed . W have the names SAH ER LEY and SA'IT EB T AI T e e f m la e The la er is HW E, d riv d ro p c s . tt

a e m n a e thw it , Lockhol . I thi k th t thes nam lac are e m s ns and es of p es d rived fro per o ,

at o a ni of S ter r Loki . Thw ite sig ﬁes a piece of ground cleare d in a forest and is most generall — y combined with a pro per name we may pre sume that of the settler who cleared the spot for the u se of a r cul u e or for hi s own p rpo g i t r ,

Ullthwaite Stan erthwaite Tullithwaite in , g , , ic ﬁnd nam s rme Ulf an e wh h we the e O , , St g r, and l But a still stron er m e is that of Tu i. g a lac n a n m re call Se tter p e e r Wi der e , ed How, which has been no doubt the grave of a man “ ” n m a e n the orse a ed S tt r, How bei g Old N h - r - o en a as a a e m un . a g , gr v d I t ke it th th t 5 0 S DERIVED O OE OONNEc rE D NAME FR M,

f m the o Se tter and but m men ro g ds Lok, fro

Hlér Hleer and A , ( ) egir or names for the god of the sea — the Neptune of Northern

Ecmus

cne and C om A , The name Oger occurs in the Domesday of Lin ke name re uen l a Ec , whose f q t y p a s ih man m m l a pe r Ger poe s of the idd e ges, seems to have had somewhat of a corresponding

ﬂuctuates between a (mythological) gian t and a e n e ma be our name Ecx and the h ro . He c y l ze c ur name Econss ma atini d E cms. O y be

Or it might be fiom another smne a M Sui o ck a boat fimn a a oa Goth, m , k n k out of the hollowed trunks of which the first rude barks

o were f rmed. But Ecke, T UTO T E NIC MY HOLOGY. 5 1

od of fire and Logi, the g , ro e to Hlér or Oa ir b th r g . The name signifies fira from se lo l i Old Old Nor g, og , s lo a al. lows Frie ic g , Ic , “ ” en fi low fl . a am wh ce g e, s l in use in nor ti l the th. Hence may be the names [mos Lon if not f m , LOWE, ( ro ” low um l h , h i is, with w ich

on Lo westoﬁ. in us e ti ) S s x, in um e lan are a l C b r d , prob b y m s nam no e e o . e name d riv d fr thi e A th r LOWE. O SO in the wis s un e ma be f m L W N , which o d d, y ro

- ﬁre in An Sax. fo r is le li n e e a g g g, g, whe c p rh ps name LEGO m m a d m n the s , , ( i i ) , LEGH,

Km the od of the n CARR , g Wi ds, er to CARRY and broth Logi. This a m n Old r n was com o Norse p oper ame . Irmin e man B man , H r , or , a a ons deity of the Low S x , corresponding with Marmn y

comm the name of the En ning Street one of 5 2 S O OR O C TE NAME DERIVED FR M, C NNE D

to u am n rm n tself a ems as an So th pto . E e i pp

An - x name in a charte r of manumission Sa . g , od i 1 In An D . An . S ax . 9 . C . p g . No 7 glo a n use l e e eral m la o la S xo , ik s v si i r w rds, it psed n n e i to a mere inte sitiv . TYE Thwe are the names which TIGHE TYSON deity from whom we have B ue a and is T r or TU ON T sd y, who y U h od of war The T ESLY t e g . three former correspond more with his Scan as 1D

T esde the two la er Tuson and the y y tt , ,

o al Tuesl the An lo - a n m Tiw l c y, with g S xo for we a e in u s a e ﬁn as h v it T e d y. W d the name n in the D me a of Y Tiso o sd y orkshire . But both in this and the next group the words are not of sufﬁciently marked character to give us m a n uch cert i ty. Fav In this group we have FREY the names whi ch may co r es n to or be c nne r po d , o cted the deit from mw with, y who e ave r a h F id y . Whetherthis

is r a the fe d n or F igg , wi o i , Fre ia in e man y , ( G r y Frua FBEE LOVE Frouwa the e s or ) , godd s of W T T T I YT O 5 3 I H, EU ON C M HOL GY .

eau not e rta n b ty, is v ry ce i

re the of Fre ia F y, brother y , and one of the three prin ci al e who mu be n lu e in the p deiti s, st i c d d u m the ess Fre ia men ofcon gro p . Fro godd y wo

ou ma be q . Connected with this gr p y

m n f ee of which might of course also ea r . ferred to the Fricco mentioned by Adam of Bremen ( dc situ D umb) and supposed to be the am as and the Freke men n s e Frey, tio ed E d dc ori su e be ccar . er by ( g G m. ) ppos d to ’ h M t . am as a Grimms D eutsch. the s e Frigg , ( y But a s our nam ma pp. perh p es y '

- mcca a from A Sax. be more probably ng f ,

name a ears harter manum n pp in a c of issio ,

- d ms d. i 1 an Co D No. 9 . An S ax . 7 p g , it see

Fas snovs is in all a l his ofﬁce. prob bi ity the ~ same as the An glo saxon name Frealaf In 18

oth rs as that of his an The naxne e gr dfather. m th Far , e 5 4 S nsmvs n mom on CONNEUI' ED NAME ,

manife as old as the of re e m stly worship F , fro ose name is c m oun e It occurs as wh it o p d d .

form is Freawin s ni n ea e to , ig fyi g d r or d voted F seems o e s an ree . FREWER t be from th Fri i re er a ve or e o ousl c nn e f , lo r woo r, bvi y o ect d

name in the oem of e ulf and a p B ow , which p e rs to be m e wa rn an inhabi p a co pound d with ,

taut. Some other titles of the goddess Frigga must

O a as the s us L ADEN Frigg , po e of FOM AN n and m r Odi , other of Tho , ers n e ear names is the p o iﬁ d th . Two of her in

n e e a our nam O and F03 whe c , p rh ps, es L ADEN AN But the rmr mi be om Lodinn G . fo e ght fr ,

m of lar e was a an g statme . Hlddy n also

u the ame name o do bt s . P tt has several cor e n n rman name as Siba r spo di g Ge s, j , Sibo, ' — o Siﬁo Old e man ee S bel Siv , , G r Sepp, S be, y , Sievekin Mo d. e ma O n . g, G r ur names SIBBALD and T are in not c SIEBER , I th k, ompounded with wor , but m o this d with y, vict ry. Fulla m the Scandinavian FULLI S CK Mythology is an atte ndant FULKES FULL AGAR Her name signiﬁes abund FULLALO VE an and she ma a ce, y prob bly FULmLO V E be regarded as the goddess

un er h n n name of oi a Fulla d t e correspo di g V l .

m I i - la na . n a 9 8 od . D . A N S ax e ch rter 7. C p W the name a lace Fullin adich m of p , g , which see s ” be the e or am a of the Fullin s to dyk r p rt g ,

11a escen an s OfFulla And ul am m An . , d d t . F h , g i re rsuromc M T O O . 5 7 W , Y H L GY

a n n a e al N , wif of B der.

m Old nonna fro Norse , to m dare o has the e m. na anne P tt G r es N ,

connecte d At all events they are certainly not r f mal nam of nne de ived from the e e e A . n e Anne itself as a famil nam I take I de d, , y a ’ be r m an n n man s nam to f o a cie t e. Bil was one of the minor

na an m lo n a vi ytho gy, bei g

he moon There was also t . a dwarf called Billingr in

and Billings in North Ger

end a l owe n to s M , prob b y their origi thi 58 S nEmvEn os 001mm NAME FROM, and in son or es n an and BILLING, ( g, d ce d t) its m nu v T an B Bn w di i ti es BILLE d ILKE . m s is a the same l l prob bly as an O d Germ. Bi o quoted FOrste mann—the 3 e e oni A by b ing uph c . nd BILLIABD in all probability a corruption of Billhard and unl nne e PILL PILLOW, ess co ct d ano nam ma be m with ther e PEEL, y High Ger rm of iBill and lo M and fo s Bi . BILBY, BILHA , T are l al r m b a lla e ha m BILLING ON oc , f o y ( vi g ) , , m s Bills has th e m. na e a t e Mod. nd on. Pott G r , n ill n s el e same as our name Billi g , B i g , Bi k , (

BILKE an d Billhardt same as . ) , , ( BILLIARD) The ﬁrst seven of these GUNN names are

the Valk r ur e of y j , choos rs ” of the la n Hildur uh ur GOEL s i , , G , SKEKEL

‘ T ir u aoon 61d and B ruor. g , The d ty Bmms was to attend on every BIDME AD a e e and se e se b ttl ﬁ ld. l ct tho ome all Als ou seem to a do d to f . o , it w ld , w it u n the l al Hilldur and Gunnr po heroes in Va h la. nif war a e and en r n o the both sig y , b ttl , te i t c m s n ofa as num e of eu ni c name o po itio v t b r T to s, a ularl o m The e m na n trade en. p rtic y of w t r i tio , as in ﬁr one the a ve u e from B ru . Gertr d , is , of bo Skulld was also one of the three Norns or wrrn rs vromc T O , MY H LOGY. 5 9

l es en Our n iv of m . ame SKULL~with which

be the ame as SCHOOLLEY and and s SCHOOLING, ' in that case would be ﬁ‘om a diﬁerent ori in g , re ndin se name ule cor spo g with the Old Nor Sk , si mf ' i ote The Valk g y ng pr ctor. yrjur ma n and ere ran e am n the o ess s ide s, w k d o g g dd e .

in w The name Brnms and B ar. mMEAn g s , ” “ m oddess and war- ma are no ou g id, d bt — derive d from the Valkyrj ur the preﬁx being

An - ax bcado war as als i S . n U g , , o BIDD LPH, ” “ ” war- wolf and BmLAHE war- ame , , g .

bein s viz the a s or elves and the iants g . ., dw rf , , g , some of whose names are found in our nomen

l In of Samnun the dwarfs c ature. the Edda d

- — Or a portion of them are called the sons of Ivaldi this Ivald ac cordm tc r mm a ; L g G i , i en i cal t the elf Ivaldr the a er id t wi h , f th of Idn but in the o inion oe Thor e n p . p , 6 0 u rs e DERIvEn cormscrsn N FROM, OR

IVAL I take our names EWELL EWELL the erman name al to WHEWELL G Ew d, EVIL ? ba the same as the Anglo a n Hawal ere e e of is name S xo d. Th w r two th en as m ss na es the a ons who w t i io ri to Old S x , and e e mar at lo n D 6 9 5 r e A . . w r ty ed Co g ,

mm ns e s the An - Sax Hewald Gri co id r g , the h D Eval m. al e an and t . d Ger Ew d, , to be orse Ivaldr Our identical with the Old N . name IVALL is mo e o ous so and EVIL r bvi ly , ma be the sam Or as we a e a s the y e. h v l o name EVE m be a al name Eve , it ight loc ” ll r s me a o la n hi . It equires o p logy for c ssi g e ell the ar but e e m n l Wh w with dw fs, th y s e i te lectually to have been far superior to the giants — me m e n ele a for m so of the b i g c br ted wisdo ,

There was one ( see next list) who bore the ” name of l s all- se a l the A vi , wi , ﬁt tit e for multi scius as er Of r n M t T i ity. Of names corresponding with those of my thological dwarfs are Fro s ti , Bi vor , Brock ,

l An n s A vis, , Si dri. Fro ti is derived from Old Norse

and An - ax r st En S . o . g f , g wrrH T UTO IO T O O , E N MY H L GY. 6 ]

in to Finn Ma nusen g g ,

” eﬁici ALVIs ens. It occurs as a name Snmsnsorr SINDERBY according to Finn Mag

Our name BsAVER might of course also be rom the a mal o a l m f ni . Brock is pr b b y fro Old o se brocka o in a a or ol n N r , to g he vy j ti g

a er r m its m e of r ss on The b dg , f o od p ogre i . mythological Brock was a wonderful worker in me a s and the a e a on of his name t l , bove d riv ti

Vulcan Durinn ls probably from Old Norse dam s e and ma mean lum e n or , to do , y s b ri g slumbm Be in was a term a lied to us. g pp the ods abov in the sens as Grimm has shewn g a a ,

n l - ax n was nl u as an n ns e A g o S o it o y sed i te itiv ,

t - ea rd ve o has u a a h r a . an h s r g , y h rd P tt Old

name are m un e r m as Old erm s co po d d f o it, G .

Bd nbari Engw REYNARD Hence also the 02 NAM Es I (30m DER VED FROM , OR

Christian name Reginald In the composition of proper names Meidinger gives it the sense f e Alfr si niﬁes elf and w o . as an en l h ro g , ci t y mmon n na an nam en a co Sca di vi e. H ce pro a our name and not m the m b bly ALPHA, fro whi of a classical father on the arrival of his ﬁrst We a e als b n. ut h n a bor ( h v o OMEGA, I t i k different ori gin may be suggested likewise for a Our name ALP eems a e a th t. ) s r th r High m of the same Finnr o erm fo . ac r n G . r , c di g to

w se nna to find. as a mm n Nor fi , It co o Old an na an name but at s n a o in Sc di vi , pre e t, cc rd g to lea n elan er nfin c e his the r ed Ic d , co ed hi fly to na e un 18 also f un as a r an tiv co try . It o d F isi nam in ulf and occurs as an An le name e Beow , g

“ ” l s all- the name a le a A vi , wise, of ce br ted the hero the Alvi l A a sma . the name dw rf. of n of another dwarf) may be from Old Norse mum to e ecu e a m s . s was a , x t , cco pli h Thi common Scandinavian name and may cor res n t a of nna n of the po d with h t A , Ki g East

b s ff na S ee ut ANN may be a di erent me . ( c t r n r is from orse next hap e . Si d i Old N

’ mad m sen out s ar s as a sm at , to d p k , ( ith h A - a sind En is r en e n S x. er wo k. ) H c g , g.

6 S O OR GONNEGrEn 4 NAME DERIVED FR M,

HUNN supposing an other word of HUNIBAL HUNNEx the n ﬁnal is dropped m a ul be at HONEY Old S x. it wo d . HONEYBALL Hence he supposes the HONEYBURN

H in An - B tas ONIWILL u e Sax . J t s, g o , H Now we ﬁnd an ONIGHE Ytas .

n o - a on nam Es ta A gl S x ed , e D (bishop of Lindi sfarn A . 6 78 ) and we have an Old m name Etc . e e Ge r . Th s

Tosem with the lost word for a h o w BUM and from them I should de ErrY EArEs Ys ArEs s , , , (the

’ ' ic o nc es our name YE l r The An . wh h c i id . g Sax had another word ent also si nif in , g y g

ENTHOYEN seems to be ﬁom the abova and

An - hco m a e l a e u enl Sax. g ﬁ , r is d, e ev t d th s “ beeﬁn might mean gro wn to a gigantic ew e. 6 T T T T LO . 5 WI H, EU ONIC MY HO GY

’ As the source of a OO le s name the J utes p p , , is to be found in an ancient word signifying gian t so in another word of the sarne meaning

ace the nam of ano er eo le the tr s e th p p . Huns. The name Hnna appears as that of a liberate d rf i a m e of manum s n C se n ( at od . Di t is io , p . n 1 H n w a mm n me A gam 9 7 . u as na ga , co o ' s ze G o m am n old r an Out n l ssa um. o g the F isi , ( , ) We a name and al HUNNAE D h ve the HUNN, so

and ld o The r is r ha rd ba (h ld) . latte p obably the same as the German Humboldt (Old Hi gh

n an er u ous name ann ki dred with oth ill stri , H i b HUNNEX Hunnecks and al. ( ) Hornc are diminutives The name HONEY may perhaps — be the same as HUNN the form in ey

’ hs lbm n s a ea s cub and is ma j , sig iﬁe b r , th y be the ori in of our name HONEYBORN t g , wi h t n HONEYRUN and HONEYEO M he corruptio s . Or i ma be from Hone burn the name of a t y y , be e ONE lf m a so rom Au . ph c . H Y itse ight l f g which sense it is still commonly used in the N E B t HO YHALL I erth of n . u NE ngla d , HUN 6 6 S GONNEc rED NAME DERIVED FROM, OR

two an en n n an and the ci t words sig ifyi g gi t, name of ac the Ju s and the un s two r es, te H s, m o on to su es all efe en ight I g gg t, with d r ce to mo e m e en au or s e a of a r co p t t th itie , wheth r th t third eO le the s ans a not be referred to p p , Fri i , my a similar origin As Jute is derived from a word s1 nif in a an and a ﬁom a si ni g y g gi t, th t word g fying to eat ; so may Frisian be derived ﬁ' om a s m la o ni n a an and a fr m i i r w rd sig fyi g gi t, th t o n f to eat u to e our a or si n . a e w d g i yi g p, d v H v we an ac e of suc a su a y tr h word, with ch meanm in an eu oni c ale 2 in We g, y T t di ct I th k “ certa nl a m the r of n an e i y h ve, No th E gl d fre t , a spectre or hobgoblin the sense which later superstition generally g1ves to the mythological an as in the nc ns e thurse for the gi t, Li ol hir

n - ax and Old o e th rs s A g S . N rs y . Thi word ” is a e om the An - Sax retan freet , I t k it, fr g f , n l s rets e u of c the Mod Old E g i hf , to d vo r, whi h . “ ” fre re a n n a ar l The a ense . Eng . t t i s o ly p ti s ar c e var n ca s com e eness an d us p ti l i di te pl t , th the Old erm czzen an d rezzen the High G f ,

e d r n A - Mod erm. ssen an ess n Sax . etan G f e , g t n n Old r ts i r a E . eat and En s an d e . e f , g g f , g nif re e eat and to eat u to de y spectiv ly to p, r In the os el Ulﬁlas a de vou . g p of , h th ” voured thy living with harlots is rendered wrrH m romc HY'rHowGY , . 6 7

It will be sem

h it is in a Low Ge r then t at m. form thzt v e

ha ve a trace of the word in the smse of iam g , a nd that it is in a Hi h Germ form i -m a g (t ) , that we have a correspondence with tbe nam

would be in a w German or else in a Scan — to ﬁnd the con e spondmce let us try the lat For the Old Norse éta we ﬁnd no ter. cm

res ondin reta the Mod Dan has mad p g f ; f x .

- to aat reedil to devour. The Suio Goth g y, is

Mod - has a ts but . o a ﬂ , the Swed b th ﬁ aa r a TM w r and also f dss . S d f dm m me .

is or Of the mmning to devour. It w thy note

' ﬁes a iant is in Old rse a bears cub g , No . m has o eut c And G m D s h. M th ri bserved, y , that the giant and the bear are some

tham not then be a Ia erm word with the 8 S O OR GONNEO'rED 6 NAME DERIVED FR M,

n ur the u es e e the m al en m e eighbo s J t , w r ort e i s

S S S and the l al Fu es v FRIE , FREE , FREE E, oc and ST not ink as ene all ren FRI ON , , I th , g r y ’ ” “ ’ ere the r s ans lla e and the risien s d d, F i i vi g , F ” ’ bu fr the or as a man s name o n t m . t w , o w d ese names o e e ll be m r e l Th , h w v r, wi o e prop r y

Another word for a giant is Old High Germ i ris Mo ri r m d. e m es e Old r e , o, High G r , No s ise r t Dan. r r s o s se . Ou me I e . e na S , , Swed B E , I S in son or e en an er a s R CE, RI ING, ( g , d sc d t, ) p h p in s me as S ma be ﬁom the a e o c es BEE , y bov

nam l e ss es B ess, R i , Rees .

no e o is An - Sax th rs e A th r w rd g . y , Old Nors

and Murat in Hobthurst a l n en e , hobgob i Th c ma our name THmsT c ma e e y be , whi h y how v r

al o be e ve me t r m An - s d ri d by ta h. f o g San ist l ar wr n . , bo d. d i g Our name a re en m Old TROLL is, I pp h d, fro

70 S on com NAME DERIVED FROM, of Bumun a we ha e in the ame ar e , th t v s ch t r an er who was a a en not a erf but oth , pp r tly s ,

ro o r e ave p bably come u nam RO MM ENS. We h a so the om oun names BUM BOL l c p d RUMBOLD, , RUMBLE n i n an , correspo d g with Old High m l n e Bum ol um o a d . m t Ger . R b d, Mod G r p , and the l al BUMS BY b a lla and oc ( y, vi ge ) lan S e an s . RUM EY ( y, i d) ere remai n the names T RET Th EA WELL, F HONYWILL or HONEYWILL and WELL, , Toss ese are r a lo al from he An t . WILL. Th p ob bly c , g S will or wel a ell Eat e an un ax. . d , w , Fr t, H i or Honey I have already endeavoured to con nect or s n f n a ian and s with w ds ig i yi g g t, Tos ma be the Da t sse of the same mean n y n o i g . These names might be derived from wells or s e h a of ev l s prings supposed to b t e h unt i spirit .

' Though HONEY WILL which I should not have in troduced but for its correspondence with the o ers m be a name en to a e l from th , ight giv w l s f its a o er more the s ee ne s o e rs . w t w t . Mr L w , o er no not on a au or ma es v , I k w Wh t th ity, k ville FRETWELL a corruption of Fresh . We have a fewnames which correspond with those of mythological gian ts as Bali a an sla n e r BEALE , gi t i by Fr y . BREMER The etymon of this name is

S GONNEOT ED 72 NAME DERIVED FROM, OR

the su of the sea en nif n e er rf , h ce sig yi g ith or ra in f am n Br i ﬂamin . emer s also a g , g g, o i g name o e i ns erman . a o G P tt xpl it, th ugh I er ou ull as Brem is n ens i . a a thi k v y d btf y , , , native of Bremen Bo th the English and Ger

“ ” was all Geirriidr n n s a red . c ed , sig ifyi g pe r I s me be the same as our pre u this to GARROD, ARRUD Q ARRAD A ' GARRO OD , G , , G RRA IT , GA R

RETT. There are some names which are perhaps to be referred to popular superstitions Of a later a e as d t , D The name D ou RAKE RAKE, th gh it COBBOLD might be derived from the a m e bird, is perh ps or pro a l fr m the l er a ni n s b b y o o d word dr ke, si fyi g — g a n the A - Th ﬁre ra n Sax . d o e dr go , g w n. d ke was one of the most formidable monsters which the heroes of ancient Teuto nic roman ce had to enc un o mans e . rom the ol of the o t r F K b d Ger , a armless and often in l s ir s me n h k d y p it, o thi g l e the o c n ma er a s me our ik Sc t h brow ie, y p h p co name O O But hi is u l for we . u C BB LD t s do btf , a e the name COBB ans er n a m h v , w i g to Ger ” ” and Dan name e and al l . Kobb , b d or bo d W NI M IT rEUTO G T O O . 73 H, Y H L GY

SSE Is als a Danish nam mi ht be NI N, which o e g derived from the Niss of the Scandinavian un e a e n r s n n s m a co tri s, b i g co re po di g o ewh t with the l But mm n a GermKobo d . Gri thi ks th t it not but a n a n ilsem el n is so, co tr ctio of N or Ni se ,

En . SO g NEL N .

WIth one of the to (page NICK Hnikar or Nikar is one of N l n In IX the tit es of Odi , which he appears as a marine

Throughout almost all Ger

their NOk Sweden its Neck Nek and Ger , or , a i s and l All e are m ny t Nix its Nicke . thes

of a horsa and usually obnoxious to mankind . ﬁ glmd has its Old Ni ck in which he appears As directly in the fc rm of the evil one. the 4 S RI O GONNEOTED 7 NAME DE VED FR M, OR

et rid of him a e e e c an him g ltog th r, th y h ged n o the l en e c as one the i t devi H c Ni k, of names of the l ma e a s be one devi , y p rh p of the of n res ec to the a o e names Odi . With p t b v

NIX and the rm Nis: and NICKEL, with Ge of the northern counties we have the word ” n c e ne h se m to e en i k r, to igh , w ich e s be vid tly the el hn a r as s r in conne c . ik a cted with I , pi it

According to Northern mythology the ﬁrst

le m a c the r va n is not er c ar. E bl , of whi h de i tio v y Many men in ancient times were called afte r o e e ASKE the Teut nic Adam. Th r ASH was an xEsc son of n s , He gi t T n r EMBLE ON and ki g of Kent. The e is also a Northman named

be the origin of some Of our names Of AS KE and ASH

e f d rived rom it. T TEUTONIG T Y. 75 WI H, MY HOLOG

The system ofpersoniﬁcation which pervaded

its n uen e e n the M le e has left i ﬂ c de p i to idd Ag s, its traces on the popular mind of Europe to the re sen da ten e a the sun p t y, ex d d to the e rth, ,

All these were complete ly personiﬁed they had u an s and es fa ers and mo ers h sb d wiv , th th , r n s s e s rom s sour we a e brothe s a d i t r . F thi ce h v

sun Old se 861 was The , Nor , re ckoned among the god dessea being feminine in all

o ow Th m Mam ur n. e o n o , , on the o e an was mas th r h d, cul ne e n the ro er of i , b i g b th s ence er a s the un. H p h p our names SOLE, SOUL, b lla e and SOULBY ( y, a vi g ) m e e a nl O MOO or c rt i y, MO N,

v n name In some arts of an Old Scandi na ia . p Ge rma ny the peasantry still give the sun and d — r Sun moon the title of Frau an Herr M s.

Da Da was son N6tt , y. ( gr) the of Night ( ) was f e a and resembled his father, who o th r ce 76 S GONNEGTED NAME DERIVED FROM, OR of the gods We ﬁnd Dagr as a Scandinavian name in the Landnamabok and o has the , P tt e m Da o and the Mod m am l Old G r g , Ger f i y nam T D o r a . We a e Old da e g h v AGG , ( N rse g ,

An - a d an . S x w d the En orm DAY The g g, ) n names NOW an d NIGHT are not so cmtmn e ma be the l An O d se mitt and the . Th y y Nor , g Sax niht ; or the former may be the same as TT is a l the Dan nu NU , which prob b y ish K t anu e and the la er ma be ame as (C t ) , tt y the s

From the same Mythological personiﬁcation a h nam s an Mr m y be t e e SUMMER d WINTER. . e u e e as ell as I be Low r s pposes th s , w SPR NG, to derived from persons havi ng been born at these

pmdia dispute s on the ground that there is no

Mr s e r . o e ver ro r e e s Thi th o y L w r y p pe ly r j ct , but n e r fee sa eith do I l tisﬁed with his own . A man might naturally eno ugh he called Friday ecaus he was n on a a or mas b e bor Frid y ; Christ , l or Yule ause he am n the orl Noe , , bec c e i to w d at that festive seas on but to call a man Sum mer beca use he was born in all summer seems ra e r e In la e n a e th wid . the ﬁrst p c the , I t k WITH TEUTO NIO T O O . 77 , MY H L GY

' SPRING to be a diﬂerent name alto ether and g ,

erm an d En . fr m ers al both G g ) o p on activity . SUMME R and WINTER I suppose to be derived from the pers oniﬁcation of these seasons in

au mn but e the ea n o two seasons tu , divid d y r i t

be a suﬂicient reason why there is no suoh nam as u umn is of still la e n e A t , which t r i tro n n e was the name one the ductio . Wi t r of of

rd i ilit ( Vita Hm ww M ia. ) And Sommer and n are e man and Dan s Wi ter both G r Mod. i h

German and refers also to their use as ro er y, p p

As to the name EASTEn it is not so oertain A man might naturally enough be callea s ter fr m bein born at a eas n and we a o g th t s o , ( h ve

i of the old a an oddess OS ter or Eastre ng p g g , tian festi val who gave the name to the Chris . S O EC T 7 8 NAME DERIVED FR M, OR CONN ED

A later personiﬁcation has given us names

IT T arc . er su s CHAR Y, VERI Y, Mr. Low ggest

owners having represented the corresponding ue in the old m ste r la s c seems virt s y y p y , whi h a probable suggestion Yet this may only he of an l e a an n the echo o d r p g perso iﬁcation. One or two of these names may be otherwise u I is a the same explained . Th s V GOR prob bly orse name Vi ar ﬁ' om m war And as the N g , g . was ro a ori n al u ens PRUDENCE p b bly gi ly Pr d . was a u ens es e i ere Cod . D Th Pr d pr byt r, p .

I do not think that we have any names de m the cla cal e e a in rived fro ssi d ities. Ther re ee M RS BAOCHU S U S and PAN but d d A , , VEN , , ” ivo not ut sun d rum. S no ou a t MAR is d bt, m u n u al sm m MAR E B ere e pho ic pl r i fro . AC 011 0 8 is the ame as S a lo al name s BACKHOU E, c , ” fr m a r er nam d o e an use . BACK, p op , ho H ence corresponding with the Germ an names a aus and ac of o eri ves B ckh B kh , which P tt d fr m an name a o e e was lik o old B cc . Th r e an old Dan s name S wise i h Bakki. VENU and SS are als l al ﬁom the er VENE o oc , prop “ ” nam and use or noes a romon e VENN, ho , ( , p o r o a S h e . u d Ven se . ta . u t y ) Mr Lower q tes p ,

80 E S o n NAM DERIVED FROM,

C H A P T E R I V .

ru m DERIVED “ OH 08 00 , m m W17 8 ,

A considerable portion of the pre sent chapter is closely connecte d with the two chapte rs pre i For as the ne e ra s e e n . th c d g , li which s pa te hero or demi - god and the divinity i s ofie n a fine one the las a e and the esen frs , t ch pt r pr t uen l lin n eac er An q t y k i to h oth . d as in the previous chapter I h ave shown that many of the names signifying man contain something of c sen e so a r n e on of the heroi s , st o ger expr ssi this sense brings them within the pale of the a The n is one present ch pter. word ki g which is probably derived from an exalte d sense of “ man The orse k r s v . Old N on ignifies ir pries t ” ans no l s. But its or i nal mean n was , bi i ig i g

m Konun r a n an . n ra on wo g , ki g, by co t cti k n r me a n Haldorsen rom o y , is for d, ccordi g to , f bow and zi n r n an heroum n es , g , desce d t, proge i ” o in u The An - ax t in is vel pr p q us. g S . yn g fo me a n m a e r d, ccordi g to Bosworth, fro r c , N D wrm OO NEGrE E S I . 81 , H RO WOR H P

the sense of nobility probably en ters into the

With the Old Norse Iconr probably corresponds our name CONNE And CON NELL may be the same as the O ld N o rs e n a me

Konall fo m from bea r , r ed and the au men a e a ll g t tiv . There are ﬁve men with that name in the Land namabo B the k. ACON is same name as that of se veral kings and j arls of r a and is er e No w y, d iv d ﬁ' om lai r in com , high, ( position M ) and hour as li me and above . CHING

An - x c n are the g Sa . y g. CUNNINOS and the local KENNEDY C U N N I N G HA M corres on the Old Sax p d with . ' cumng ; KENNING and CHEN NING with the Old F a leani n rie . g ; KENNY ' s Icem and e . and OHE v ith the Old Fri g, F S O 82 NAME DERIVED FR M, OR

The l l e ld es M a . a CONY with th O Fri . y oc N D N and CONGERTON names CONINOSRY, CO O O ,

c es n the Old o e Ico mim r k n r orr po d with N rs g , o y , I m to be the A con e ee n . Dan g . KINCHIN s s g

or and I S are NARD KINNAIRD, KINDRED K N EY

heard C nred and C ns com un , y , y y, po ded with c ne n and re s c e ric m n n y , ki gly, pe tiv ly with , do i io , hea rd ar red co unse and ro a si e , h d, , l , p b bly g , r The rs w n Of f c o . as so er n o vi t y ﬁ t C dic, ki g the West Saxons the second Bishop of Win chester ; the third king of Mercia and the a c s o of Yor l st Ar hbi h p k . KENNEDY is pro

lso an A - a a n Sax. name com b bly g , pounded o ne and edd i a for una e with y , g, h ppy, t t . The names in the following group are pro a l all r m the same and a e the b b y f o root, h v same meaning : The Old o e hallr hdls N rs , ,

and the A - n . Sax . ha le g , ha letta all s n f ero and , ig i y h , are probably cognate with “ ” the E n . er a . Hallr g v b h il , a i al a ear as H ll , H s pp Old N orse names in the Land — namabok the ﬁrst very co mmon as n n is , correspo di g HALL with An . at le haletta . But HAIL ma ls g S , y a o be the same narne as HA GELn from an Anglo Saxon Ha e the name of a serf whieh I g L , have

Old ba llr f useful. The Norse ormed several om un of we a e c po ds, which h v

' O HalbiOrn Halld6 r Hallvei HOLB RN , , g, Hallstein Hall eir are com HOLDER , g , HOLLWAY bﬁrn a ar ( Mr m u HOLLOWAY j , be ; i pet

’ LST ous ! vei r u stein HO EN g , vigo r , '

s one err s a . HOLKER t g , pe r From another word for a hero may be ROE The Old Norse M oi signiﬁes n e lat ROWE ki g, h ro, with which

‘ ROY Q te r word it is probably cog a Halldorsen in s the ori n of the n te . th k it gi Hr6i was an Old No rse and R e a En roi . , o name ence the or more reca rt Danis h . H igin ’ ” of Roeskilde in De nmark Roe s foun tain a s nam ma a l be om Roy, Swedi h e, y prob b y fr i in Our name ROY ma s the same or g . y al o be t e same or it ma be from the Gaelic ro h ; y y, Rob Ro The sures red as in y. t test of the Teutonic origin of a word is to ﬁnd it in the 84 S O NAME DERIVED PR M, OR

“ n e u has the meanin of a r A oth r gro p g w rrio , ” m a an but s ll as r mm s co b t t, ti , G i ob erves, with s me in of the n e o th g heroic se s . The e ka r CAPP Old Nors pp ,

kem a the n - a on p , A glo S x ca em a m the Du CAMP p , m tch ham er and the e man CAMPER p , G r

‘ ? kd m e kirm er all a e CAMPBELL p , pﬂ , h v KEMP the meaning of champion or om a an We ll use c b t t . sti ” kemp in this sense in the nor Of n lan as a th E g d, both n un and a er and in um erlan — but in o v b, C b d the wider sense of general superiority cap ” “ ” per and cap respectively as a noun and a er en e me our nam s v b . H c co e CAPP, CAPPER,

the rman nam m em e am e Ge es Ke pf, K p , K p , am r KE and the Du e . MBALL tch C p , KEMBLE,

ma m oun An - Sa x KIMBLE, y be co p ded with gH

bald Old r e ballr o . An d , or No s , b ld CAMP EELL hou a a l e m n usuall as , t gh G e ic ty o is y b h am s ne ma e t e e. But ig d to it, y possibly s e e is ano er rou the ens of m th r th g p, with s e di i nution to c the four as names ma , whi h l t y lon be g . DONNEc rED wrrH O S . 85 , HERO W R HIP

The e m na n cl fl or t r i tio , , I la in e as in nouns CAPL NG , v rbs , CAMPLIN G gives the sense of diminu CA MPHIN n One im nu e en e tio . d i tiv s s C AM PLM AN of combat and conte st would be wrangling and ” ua l We a cam e as a er in sq bb ing . h ve pl v b u n in rlan n er u j st this se se Cumbe d . A oth wo ld be that in which a bumptious little fellow is

- r The Nor sometimes called a cock spa row. wcgians have just this sense in their word “ ” Hai i a l le am — of r on rp n, itt ch pion term de isi n er ( Meid i g . CARLINO and CAMPLrNo may be m n u i in lin f m di i t ves g ro CAPP and CAMP. Or they may be patronymics in rug from CAP

There i s ano ther group of which I am not so ain but of I n the meanin is cert , which thi k — g one chosen or elected a hero

S S C CHA E, CHEE E, HOICE,

and KI SS may be from dif » fere nt forms of verbs sig nif i n e as the y g to choos , r old Sax. masa n, d esert, c o

C HESBMA scm - x c sam the An Sa . N , g y ,

CHESMO N Gam a : the Old Friea kuwr, S O on 86 NAME DERIVED FR M,

o se ki a This seems Old N r os . the probable etymon of the

of the u a n So th S xo s, who D 4 i ame o er Bri a n A. . 7 7 a n to c v to t i , ccord g

- o i l w also the An a r n e . e e as a g S x . ch c Th r Cissa who succeeded Gnthlac at the monaste ry n D 1 4 In e lan ere of Cro do A . 7 . y , Fri s d, wh , as will hereaﬁer be observed there is a re~ ,

markable two- fold coincidence between the — of the people our own names — and those of our early Saxon invaders Ts i e se is a name in use at the re j ﬂ , (Chi c) p

one c s n or e and I S S ho e lected ; CH MAN , CHI an d SS ma a e the same mean MON, CHE MAN y h v in —a o n ele te As we a e g ch se or c d man. h v

the e s are u on of But the te n oth r corr pti s it . dency of corruptions is almost invariably to wa rds a mean n an d not a a from and a i g, w y it, name with such a good mean ing as CHEESE u ar h n be corru e n o MAN wo ld h dly, I t i k, pt d i t SS has a e a n s ad o of CHE MAN, which v ry f i t h w mean n —or n o S has to i g i t CHI MAN, which ( m n s n t l ell no ar ne a a l. i n oder e ) o K ss, w k w as also a German name since the Great Exhi bition ma be m the ame n oh and k , y fro s origi

S PEOM 8 8 NAME DERIVED , OR

O uished llus r ous to be C RLEY g , i t i , ﬁt E KERRE LL CHURL . P elected , CHER O I O C RMACK R LL, CURRELL, C RRELL, CORBOULD I er a s O are CORR CK, p h p C RK, C O R M A O K m nu es . di i tiv , wrN C O R E O U LD K E R wrN or Co R , C URWIN are probably compounded with re s ec el ma ki ma e bcild l and wi n p tiv y , t , , bo d, , s r e Kormakr a ears as an Old e name t if . pp Nors in bok But a el ic or n the Landnama . C t igi am has also been adduced for our n e CORMACK. " Ma not our or c ee c is in an y w d to h r, whi h w t of an e mon er e f om the a ve ty , be d iv d r bove rb signifying to elect ? The most ancient mode of electing kings and leaders was by acclamaf on and ence the r c at m ti ; h wo d, whi h ﬁrst ight n el ac lama on m o a n sig ify to ect by c ti , ight bt i the more general sense in which it is now used

Thisgroupis probablyfrom

‘ — Sa li cud An . x. cu Old , g ' OONNEorED T S . 89 WI H, HERO WOR HIP

m na n CUT I' ING in son Sax . te or de r i tio ) , , ( g, t COO'I‘E an d COUT'rs ma scendan ) . y belong to

kut a dwar a Si n' name in An n. I é ﬁ the sl. Of om ounds we ave T T C U r LA c x c p h C U H BER , , Cathlsc T T Cuthherd or Cuthra ? ( ) , CU ER, ( ) CUTTS is gmrerally considered to be a con a i n of W But a on ac n at tr ct o C T. if c tr tio alL it might just as well be of Cuthwin or Ou b or c math re an er m oun . t d , y oth o p d of So far o e er fr m e n a n rac on ol , h w v , o b i g co t ti , I h d o e the most anc en name of all re it t b i t . The e e Cuthas ef re ere ere u e w r b o th w C thb rts. Another group has also the meaning of illus r us but er v om a ff n n e e e se se . t io , d i d fr di r t

' ‘ m e A - ax b r th n S . eo t BEARI Fro g ,

BIRr briht i erm. , Old H gh G bcrclrt reht or , p , Old N se BRl GHT bina' i r s ni i n i n , ig fy g bright the en e llu ri u are s s of i st o s, PERT ? formed a great number of a ancien t n mes. It occurs com

7 m man 0 m . , ) 9 0 S DER rvED O NAME FR M, OR

and er o an Old i B t , H gh name P ott ence Germ. ( ) H

WHITBE EAD T T BRIOHTING B I R , B U R , , in son or e en an T and T ma ( g, d sc d t) PER PUR y a n m of the same perh ps be High Germa for s . m n the man com un s are T A o g y po d ALBER ,

h a n T is m t e cla m a d a . is L ti , so ALBER m h as an r fi LBERT is t e same Old High Ge m. Philibert I should thin k that it is from Old ” m l r l m full i u . i e . . G m v a H gh G r fi , Mod s , ch, ” ence T is fu - ri an au men a H FILBER ll b ght, g t tive like HIBBER T is the same as an An - x H bert o of tchfiel Sa . Li d g. yg , Bish p . from b m n o en ce c u . am yg , i d, th ght H the s e meanin as T T Old Norse lm r g HUBER , HUBBER , g .

Same as - h IBER is the same as n Sax. e. S A g. yg T the er Si ibert con a e er I T m. G g , tr ct d Sib t . V BER is he - i t same an An a H C D . as d. S x. o , ( p g iber—t A - a No f o m A x wi Old n S x. n Sa . g . r g , Norse sanctit ibert occurs also in m y. W the

There is anethe and an intereetin ou n g g p, in which tlre sense of hemisrn seems to lie like

9 2 S DERIvED on NAME PROM, s me a ula manne ear n the a o p rtic r r of w i g h ir . And it seerns to be a name of Scan dinavian

Donal n Ca mbrid e E ssa s o ser e a dso , ( g y ) b v s th t the late Lord Hardin ge was descended from a se e n r Der S ttl d ea by. CRU E old erm e rm na on are G . t i ti ) — probably from a similar origin Old Norse kru o w urle is te k im c . sa t cu l Dan. , r , , d It markable that in the North of England we s a e the or cruse of c the till h v w d , whi h e mo o a meanin is s m cur e In the ty l gic l g i ply l d, sen e of fo a um ous ruse Is o a s rw rd, b pti . K b th Dan s an erman nam Th . d e e name Mod i h G . s c in the re us c a e r LOCK, LOCKIE, whi h p vio h pt a e c nn te the od or I h v o ec d with g Lok Loki, in some cases be from the same origin as a m the An —a loco a lo e. S x the bov Fro g , ck, ul be m e ula l l cca one a n wo d for ed r g r y o , h vi g c s milar to loccb a I m ora e. O lo k , si bov L CK E ight corres on the erm cki and TT . lo p d with G g, LOCKE th D e an . lo kkct if o s n n cur e . with , b th ig yi g l d But it might be In these two cases without any of the er c sen e n in the re ous s h oi s oted p vi word . a n the ense of url n or fr zz n the a r Ag i , s c i g i li g h i er es n an o er m an n a of a lur n div g i to th e i g, th t l i g ,

uc n . ence the erm lockcn D se . l an. kke d i g H G , o , and Du c lolckcn all mean to url and t h , both c N T T O S 3 CO NEC ED WI H, HER WOR HIP. 9 also to be uil se g e duce. And the Old Norse

rm the e . locker l en ous . s en mi G , ic ti Thi , th , ght and tho i it is the etymon which I have

mi e u reference to him ght be deriv d, witho t , m l id a s As re l Ha a e uce r. e e is e di ct y , d th r th n

from its patronymic

O ar i e ac n o - a on L CKING, to be c r d b k to A gl S x

un e As and 08 po d d with ,

u is all Asa- or a Asa th s Thor c ed Th ; Br g, S on 9 4 NAME DERIVED PROM ,

em e a mes n Mr. N S ur na mes and me . K bl ( , ,

odborn a e of or um erlan and u (g ) r c N th b d, occ rs rarely in the south of England ; and when it does it is rather ofJa tish or Angle than Saxon ” We a e s a num e names character . h v till b r of

03 the An - Sax and is g . As the a Sc ndinavian form. o o ur s n as in 0811 B th cc i gly, , a s o of e se and Asi bi h p S l y, ,

namabo Asa so k. al occurs OSMOND in the Domesday of York e nce er a s ome shir . He p h p c OSRALDES TON our names OS OBB Y H E, H , HAss A The me Ass SS. la na , st

‘ be also ﬁomOld Norse assa,

ea le if ind ed not ﬁo rn g , e the donke S HOSEv y. HO E, is also doubtfuLas there is ASHBOLT

S FROM 9 6 NAME DERIVED , OR

- s e Osbald o n n the An Sax . p di g with g O b rt, , Osbrand s ald But he m s a e the mean , O w i t k s

According to Jornan des the ancient chiefs of

men Our names S and S ma cor . ANN AN ELL y

mos suc nam s a mere eu oni c ura with t h e , ph pl l o Or S ma be rom ism f ANNE. AN ELL y f

r in t me of am 2n But il bu y he ti Willi d. st l it 1‘ — man name Anaheim come to us probably r We a e al n es through the F en ch. h v so the am S c ma the ame as S HAN ELL, whi h y be s AN ELL HAN SLIP co es on n S an d , rr p di g with HA LIP S c m o un e hea rd a rd But HAN ARD, o p d d with , h ere is a so a o ba ns s n f n th l Goth . w rd , ig i yi g c m an on f m i c e m be er o p i , ro wh h th y ight d ived . en name of the an e or a a e H ce the H s , ssoci t d, ns to w .

something uncommon or supernatural attaching NN CT W T E O S I 9 . 7 CO E ED I H , H R WOR H P

to the M or tc the reari n of the hero g . ' Sometimes he is the oﬁspring of a mortal and a di vinity ; sometimes of a mortal and one of tli e nabler anhnala as the bear or the wolf ; more frequmtly he 18 only reared or suckled by one or other of these animals Grimm has rm n ri md at ch s me ( De s . o ﬁring of the heroic character frequently atta ches

’ mel s m u unt m m e . i y fro his oth r wo b S ch, am man n an was the t s mg y other i st ces, Sco ti h

MM Dmpair thy charm A nd let the angel whom thou still hast served — ' ’ Tell thee Macduﬁ m fromhis mo ther s womb

ll M AW be the tongue that te s me so. ' h I ll not ﬁght with t ee.

t l un eborne un rn is n to The it e of g , bo , give seva -al of the heroes of German mmance and e rni OT Obormn th ccre onding one Of Obo ,

We now come to names derived from the 8 S P O 9 NAME DERIVED R M, OR

atte mpt to deﬁne the bounds between the m c and the a for uf n for ythi historic l, it is s ﬁcie t

i a al ea obwrv d 1 n. e . 9 a the I h ve r dy , p , th t

re en c a r f m the a il of its p s t h pte , ro prob b ity ference to the Mannus whom Tacitus mentions as celebrated by the Germans as the founder “ le an mini o f e na n. C car bus an ti uis th ir tio e br t q , quod unum spud illos memories et annalium ” s est Tuisconem eum e a edit m enu u be. g , d t rr , — We ave en ﬁrs t the od Tuisco who was h th g , — the son of a en annus had E rth th M , who three s ns In o s o and Hermino m o , g , I c , , fro whom

Iscae vones and erm n ne n o , H i o s, i t which Ger

Ingo then was the founder

Saxons of the coast The

nam n in An - Sax e I go, g . In in Old Hi h Germ I . nc g, g , and

INcLEBv the

ber f Te o ic n es s o ut n am . A

1 00 S I on NAME DER VED PROM,

m the s fro ame plac e before the corruption.

a ns in b t Mr D nal son n e u . S xo the wider se s , o d

n l s ma old . en e INO as a nam E g i h H c , e, y be er

i the Iscaevones and e m hi al W th , th ir yt c f un er Isc or sc is be nne the name o d I o, to co cted of Asc or Oisc son of Hengist and king Of en from om the al n of en e e K t, wh roy li e K t w r oalled Aski n s or Oiscin s This name is fur g g . e nn t the name A of th r to be co ec ed with skr, the ﬁrst man n o rn m o see a e i N rthe yth logy, ( p g I have there remarked that some of our names of ASHE and ASH may be from this ori in But ere are on or om un g . th e two c po d

same as zEschera a name in wrm w s r cum un o on m . 1 01 ,

Hm ! Oi s c i n g s, W ants of ' B en the king d Ka it m y pa h - ps be derivcd

' — mmc Heaka m y be a diﬁerm t v md w

t m One of the s ttl m ri m bm e. e e a i m of the Askings seems to h ve bea i at Eashmg in Sur —“ i h was in A - ‘ s re wh c n . Sa x. E wn y. g i g The

A lo - Sa n forms de r m ng xo , rived f o Ask as a o m and not fro m the tree mm a . From the legeudary founders of the ki ngdom of Denmark we have probably also a few

a o on au S x , the thority of tra n ma e Dan ditio , k s , the son Humbl formder of , the 1 02 S I on NAME DER VED PROM,

Dan l ma m n an d a the ie , y be fro this origi , th t ' probalnlity is strengthened by the local names ’ ’ D Dan s l a DANSEY Dan s is ANBY, ( vi l ge) , , ( an an he imin D d t u e ANNETT. The l d) , by d tiv name Humbl or Humbli is derived from Old Nors e humall the lan but in a sen , hop p t, wh t se am una le sa Our name oc I b to y. HUMBLE curs chieﬂy in the Old Danish distri cts of Eng

ac es c m oun e an d a r s on en pl o p d d with it, cor e p d t names may refer to the ancient culture of the hop in

a coun . n o e er a e are th t ty I thi k, h w v , th t th y more probably derived from Humble as a Dan ish ro e nam is a e cur ou a o p p r e. It littl i s th t f four Humbles in the London Directory for

1 85 n an em n n ho - m 7 o e e an . , is i t p erch t An inte resting group is the following The Sc ldin s or e SHIELD y g , ( Shi ld SKELD ING

soo be in n l s bu in An m . E g i h) . t g

the es en an s of c l or Skiiild a nam d c d t S y d , e

S P 1 04 NAME DERIVED ROM, OR of Germany called Sceui or Skandza The l u na u e r um an e a e him o s t re of th ci c st c s, dopt d , gave him the name of Seat and eventually

“ was hen call Slaswic but now which t ed ,

l one e probably an Ang e . V ry poetically in the poem of Beowulf (though the legend is by mis e an fe to his son c l re re tak tr s rred S y d) , he is p

rei n as ac e his las comman in a g , pl d by t d ship, sur un e the arms and ornamen ofa n ro d d by ts ki g,

as an nfan on the S Th laid him i t hore. e story e cal in sen men and n is so po ti , both ti t expressio , that I may be excused in quoting a part of it he ran la n Mr m t . a ai n fro t s tio of Thorpe, g r ma in a Sce and not l s ul e rk g th t ﬂ Scy d, ho d he e have been t h ro. Scyld “100 M his ate ti at f d me , e much strenuous to o th , g w nm w oos xncrxn m onmrr. 105

M at the w “

iey n d n ger to dq n n,

ﬁe d n q uc of ri np . ' in tk ahi s bmom p , ﬁe y u t m by the mut

from ﬁn' v cya m em branght I have not henrd of a oomelicr

keel adorned

a for sooth ny , ’ counsellor-a in hall

hero es unde r heaven ,

’ Does not this warriors funemh in the oldest heroic poa n of orn languaga remind us ’ what in its tone of Tennyson s ode on the fnneral af Wellington ? T h he son of Beowulfwas called Tsatwa. T is is ' t n the Old Norse Teitr of aﬁer tM he A g. 1 06 ES E O on NAM DERIV D PR M,

a Odin or Wodin was a real ers n h Th t p o agf. e e on ac un of his uc ss and e a s d ifi d co t s ce es, p rh p on account of the superior civilization which he n u e — e e is a easona le o a l i trod c d th r r b pr b bi ity . But whether the ac count of any of his ances s e en to e r er names can a e an tor , v th i v y , h v y ar i le au en a ac e is ex p t c of th ticity tt h d to it, in l ou f l ll we ann sa a ceed g y d bt u . Sti c ot y th t me of our nam su as SE ELDIN G so es, ch SHIELD, , SOOLDINO SHEAP TAIr— nne e the , , co ct d with m s an en ero c m s and a n o n o t ci t h i yth , h ded d w — from generation to generation may not be er e en an the ni s the la es old v th Odi c wor hip, t t form of paganism among our ancestors SHELP The Scilfings (Scylfingas) SHELVER Mr o H O . n S ELD N — Th rpe thi ks Swedes SHELLEY also referred to in Beo e r a ero wulf. Th i name must be derived from h l ' Sce f or Sc lf Grimm s D th. M . y ( eni se/I. y p In Fo a the h f e the rnal . a d S g. f t er o th orse SkiOld is alle Skelfir e a n the N c d , h re t ki g a e of f Scel S lf s fi-o orse pl c Sce . £ cy i m Old N

1 08 S V O NAME DERI ED PR M, OR

I CE E In the life of St. Guthlac IOHELLB mention is mad e of a Mer HICK HICKLING to have been of the oldest ” a s was name Icli a and the n le a n s . r ce, ob t th t d g In the genealogy of the Mercian kings there Is an Icil who ro a l was the foun er of . most p b b y d the Iclin s I take the name to be from g . the

am r And we ave also I I es re . C b idg hi h H CKL NG, t l But which I take to be he same as Ic ing. an en as is the name of IOHELLs R mus ci t , IO E t ICKELLS is the di minutive of it. WATLING WATLEY WADDLE gave the name to the Wat

TT l n - s e rea an ien WA i g tr et, the g t c t WATTS road leading from Dover by on on to a an and of WADE L d C rdig , WADDIIc VE

' Saxon Wcétlinga

do with makin it for it was a Roman road g , but still in some manner this great work was associated by the ir cmrtemporar' ies with the “ La ther-c l uod ho e- st u thim e (q L p q , See ycnderﬂ o the gnh xie l The v hiche men ele e the milk n p y y,

Who were then this illustrious race who th us ve the name to a road on earth and a a in ga , w y hea ven ? Flormce of Worcester te lls us thatthey were thc wns of a kin Weaﬂ and state s but g a ,

f the r ad We have therefo no w o deal w o o . re t ith a dimimrtive of Wat or Watmas Attila of ’

A a Grimms D utsch. Gramm 3 tt , ( e , , There was a Uattus Rem who signs some charte rs alon with unna of Sussex Of whorn g N , n u b two s he may have been a so . Th s y teps we have nowto oonsider the origin of this lat I think that it is babl ter nai ne . pro y the same as WADD and WADE an d in that case the

is oonnected with the wide- spread myth cf the w d rfrﬂ mnt o on e eiand. The ﬁ ther f We

n w - O h d as ealled iri An Sax. Wad in g . a ld 1 1 0 M ES FROM on NA DERIVED ,

Norse a in Hi h Germ W3 00 iden V di. Old g ; cal him a c r n to mm the ti with , c o di g Gri , is e Wate in n He was the Danish h ro Gudru .

pluralize names among the illite reeent dn Still it ma be a rate at the p y. y

1 1 2 nsmvs n mom on NAMES ,

“ ome the a n e nam o the h of Be di gs. Th se es f lac en n rm us we had no o er evi p es th i fo , if th dence a re ere fa ml es of al in , th t the w i i H l gs.

And a e s l PA Tl aa a 0001, we h v til HALLING, ,

ac and ro u the names b k , p d ce HALL, PACK, oons ums Gonna an d Bans C , BUCK, B , , BILL, , w 1 1 ooxxs c mn IT HERO oasmp. 3 W H,

n l - a on oem n an ac oun a A g o S x p , givi g c t, by an e n hard of the ar ou coun r es he w d ri g , v i s t i had s e e e we are a l n vi it d, wh r told th t Bil i g ” rule the Werns the Verini a eo le on the d , ( ) , p p l e e was al a n e famil nam E be. Th r so obl y ed lle in Denmar a e efe e the Bi k. I h v r rr d origin of the nam 5 7 a es in o e n e . , p , to godd s N rth r m th l ma be a ues on e er y o og . It y q ti wh th it m not also er e in some or in all ight be d iv d, ases fr m the ea on call the ll c c , o w p ed bi , whi h the a ons s su e le effec S x u ed with ch t rrib t . ames a en r m ea ns e as ll be N t k f o w po w re, wi ereafter s n anc en l muc in fa u h how , i t y h vo r. The l in s se m from the nam laces Bi l g e , es of p , to have made cons iderable settlements in this un m 8 no o B co try . Fro them 1 d ubt derived il lin e in n on But his 18 a n e g gate Lo d . t ge itiv s n ula — not a en u al— B ellzn a cit i g r g itive pl r g g , the s ee or r a of the l n s u e m tr t o d Bil i g , wo ld b co e illin a a B g te . So th t unless we assume an s to have been added it is the street or road of a

HARLING The Herelingas (Harlings) are anotherpeople mentioned as visite d in the Sco or Bard s son p g. Their “ l al was on the banks of the r oc ity Rhine. The e is a castle of Alsatia called r sac from whieh B i h, all the a a n coun is alle r sa - o we dj ce t try c d B i ch g , 1 1 4 0m m) mom on NAMES ,

’ rimms H eld S . ( G . ag ) We have also the name eem a HABLE, which s s to be th t from which the

BANK ING Mention is made of this ’ people in the Scrip or Bard s “ ere we are to ld that Becca ruled the ” s no i m ann n . We n n e of m but B i g k ow th g or the , their name seems to indicate that they were a l e ace The name of ar . or e s n w ik r BANN, c r po d in a of e r foun er is ro a f m g with th t th i d , p b bly ro

- a a s a Mr n Sax. ba n er a a A . m i . n a g , l y L th ,

Ethn lo o t/wB ritish I sla nda a s n ( o gy f , ) s ig s the ann n e en ncoln and al B i gs to H rts, K t, Li , S op. And he further obmrves that this name is in man as ell as n lan found Ger y w E g d. R OCKING The Hokings are also R oom men tione d in the soap or ﬂ oor: ” HOC KEY the Hokinga These seem ve b a Frisian eo le an d to hm to ha een p p , de

owulf M Kemble oem ol Be . t obeerve the p s,

name O on 1 1 6 s DERIVED FR M,

name whom I have been able to meet with in

n - a n m ur in a ar e of A glo S xo ti es, both occ ch t r

- n on Cod D i . An S ax . No. ma um . issi , ( p g one of em was a n and the to which th wit ess, the fa er a ne asa and other th of wit ss. W

ll - f wee un e s An Sax. hwws Old re ers to j , po r , g , l r e kvass n l . en e a the No s , kee , bo d H c prob b y

f w n us ave c nn name o S ede . Th I h o ected the of S T a fam l a l mo WA HING ON with i y, prob b y re or ess s n u s of n - a n M es l di ti g i hed, A glo S xo I ave s n a one a am and the h how th t of th t f ily, son of an o od- a e s to an an n ther, stood g f th r cie t — ac t of freedom I have proposed a not un — worthy etymon for the name end I have suggested that it may be the same as that of ' another distinguis hed champion of his country s om fre ed . We now come to names derived from the

These may not give us the origin of the names — — but in co me cases the earliestuse m d In NN C T T woasHIP 1 1 7 CO E ED WI H, HERO .

” mman ful is s fte ne n o rich A ) o d i t , or n ALDRIDGE as in GO DRICH f the A g . e l a r c . r a n I m be S x . God i C t i y ALDR CH ight f o m the e aid old and m on reas on r pr ﬁx , y ly for supposing otherwise is that I have never me t s o n in anc en nam r mm with thi c mpou d i t es . G i Deutseh (ire/mm 2 333 uo es an ran ( , ) q t Old F k or m a name Richoald but n s a in Lo b rd , thi k th t d n of m d o rf s a e id is a u i e u . thi c s corr ptio , p w l owever s Is n n more an a ne a e H , thi othi g th g tiv a umen and In the a sen e of an n mo e rg t. b c ythi g r os e can on sa a I ma be p itiv , I ly y th t ALDR CH y the e s ar sam a Al ic. AM th n a A 'r'rLE I i k th t , ATHELL T and ATLEY , A LEE, are the ame as t la the s At i ,

' renownedleaderofthe Huns And in this group there is more r a n e ause we ce t i ty, b c have the word along with correllativ s The ame of la was so its e . f Atti hi s name so co mmon in Teutonic myths that the principle of hero- worship might alone be suﬁ eie nt to aceo unt fbr its But it is in use . 1 1 8 am s DER IVED M OR

h. r mm D cutsc G a . 3 a a d m na ( , th t it is i i

e of a in Mis s- n es a tiv Att , which Goth. sig iﬁ a r f the . With the Gothic Atta corre sponds an — — Old Saxon Atto (this name we ﬁnd) an

An - — Sax . a eu ta g Att Old High Germ. At s name we ﬁnd — and an on N (thi ) Atti.

Sa Attilo l An - Attila cr Old x. la Sax . orAt o, g At , se l or us we ﬁnd a in the Nor Atti i Atli. Th th t

An - le en s t a is d l a ? and in g Sax. g d At il c ed

An - s o i or Wi Sax nam E tta F . g bi h p ed n l g, md Attil quote d by Mei . 1 and th

1 20 S I o n NAME DER VED FROM,

w en to the ran essler The l as giv ty t G . egend reappears in afte r times a little altered in the allad of lli am of Cloudesle rforme b Wi , who pe d e ea e e the e en A the sam f t. Wh th r l g d of egel the foun a on of all the su e uen m s is d ti bs q t yth , or whether it is to be referred to a still more an en s u e we cann o sa As the names ci t o rc , t y. of a es es o t in ortham tonshire pl c , Ayl w r h N p , les u in uc s and le for in n Ay b ry B k , Ay s d Ke t ‘ e e res e el in n o- a on £ ewuw5 w r p ctiv y A gl S x y , {E d esb n and zE le ord is ro a le g y g g sf , it p b b that our names Am and AYLING are simi larly derived from AegeL And AYLWARD

the An - a me ma be S x. na E elwear y g g d. and T ma EAGLE, EAGLING, EGLEY, EGLIN ON y e se E i] be from th Nor g . In some instances e ma fr m the name of the or th y y be o bird, ’ from the Norman name de l Ai gle (Roll of But e v Batte l Abbey) . wh re er the patronymic m m m o womnm 1 2 1

oa dga and in an unpuhlhhe d Ia e rman poa n rcfa re d rimm—under the nam e to by G e of Wedeg .

- woon and WEDsEDoaoc sn . In the GeI man Book om he is mﬂed Witﬁc eing

’ An - San w Old Hi h Germ w g udm g mtma ood. Thm are several other names which are to be found in the German cycle ofmmmcea and

Gum Guam Gunner of the News Vol Glm’mm sun asa a and the g g , Gunte r or an Gunther of the Gen n Nibelungea ed.

were two other heroes of

E i lun e n e m al) the N ibe g Li d. ’ The ﬁn' ma mccording to Lachmann ( Kn tak der 1 22 S E OM on NAME DERIV D FR ,

” bl a l - s m An - Infld a r Sax. l y b tt e word, f o g , b tt e, “ ” and bra nd a r n E . an . , swo d, g br d RODOER RODGER is the same name as the R ud ig e r of the LEDO ER ? elun en e and the Nib g Li d, Hroﬁgar of Beo wulf The latter was of the

race of the Sc ldin s and in of the Danes. y g , k g ” - m An - ax name s n ﬁe s a red S . The ig i s pe r , fro g ' rad Old se mud r red and d/r eer a , Nor , , g , g ,

s a en e O and R . pe r. H c R DGER GA ROD, (p e name nv r The va ' us are the sam i e ted. y b i

a c r u on of Lude ar the name of a be o r pti g ,

s a cc u s in s me names la in pe r. It o r o of p ces

n lo- a n a as Lude arsttin and A g S xo ch rters, g , e la te c m Lute i res al th . l g h e, t r of whi h Mr Ke b e

RAYNER This is the same name as

sea - n a na Lodbrok who ra a e En ki g R g r , v g d g

as the legmd goea stxmg to dmth in a dungeon

1 2 S DERIvED F 4 NAME ROM, OR against the then fas hionable amusement of s n l ren on s a s was c s ene tos i g chi d pe r , hri t d by his com an ons to s sens his Odd p i , how their e of ’ ” man One scru le Bamakarl a s . p s, , b by old of the names in the a e l s LUD BROK ma bov i t, , y

a s al the same as . perh p be loc . LUDBROOK ”— ma ar- foo See no er OOT be e . A th , BARF , y B t ( next chapter . ) And now a e in s c a e mo e ar , , I h v thi h pt r r p ticularl en eavoure to n ca e the n y, d d vi di t obility of o r n is na m s And a e s n many of u E gl h e . I h v how that some which we are not wont to consider as of much ac count were names of honour long bd ore the o e As a e ne a ul N rman tim . g r l r e it is not among our noble families that we ﬁnd our most an en nam a ous cau es a ci t es. V ri s h ve contri u e u e s resul The s b t d to prod c thi t. ystem of

ecul a An lo- a n was ac n m p i rly g S xo , cordi g to y eor some a of a ma te r of as n th y, wh t t f hio , and did not pervad e the mas s of who still held mainly to those eld m u m mw m m ' wrrH 1 25 CONNEOIED S . , HERO WOR HIP

names from e r e a s le the ma e th i st te , whi ss ofth le had no su m a n to n peop ch te pt tio cha ge. t ll ere are m our n le aml es S i , th so e of ob f i i who can show names dating far beyond the conquest —of ese ll o th I wi refer to ne . The name of Howard is er ve e man f m d i d, by Sp l , ro

ho - w r the ee a W a d, HAY ARD f . of — k per ala e b Verste an f m hold - ward the p c y g ro , — keeper of a fortress by Camden from hook

the e of et molo but as a ma er s scor y gy, tt of f et there is no trace of such a form in the earliest use of he nam am en in m in n has t e. C d y op io en the mean n name u giv right i g of the , tho gh am inclined to the not in the right form. I

to a ndinavian ori in H6~ to be traced Sca g . vardr was not uncommon as an old Scendine an name n home am n ers a vi , bei g , o g oth , by kin oI Norwa One of the heroes of the g y. Nibd ungen lj ed was a Hawart described as a kin o en a k The et mon of this name g f D m r . y is Old Norse M r in com osition M hi h , ( p ) g M S D ERIV ED OM 1 26 NA E FR , OR

“ and the meaning is the high or emlte d ” guardian In Anglo- Sa xon use I have not met with the name before the time of E thel red one of whose charters is si ned b a , g y

Hawerd dux Now at s e as . . , thi p riod, Mr

names had m na turalized in n an and beco e E gl d , in v e ame a e are ee ers the ry s ch rt r there thr oth ,

‘ Scule GuOrum and S eweard ar , , y , (Siw d) which

a a n in the Dome a of Yor s i e s i in g i sd y k h r , t ll th ar In Old the se e form of Haw d . Norse b so eu ted d has the sound of oa in road , that Hi vardr would be as nearly as may be How rd But as a and o interchan e i An lo a . g n g a n so the ac n d and the s m e ana S xo , ce ted i pl p ea n e c an in Old Nm e So a p r to i t r h ge . th t O and W ma all H WARD, HAWARD, HAY ARD y b he same n m There is a Ha - ward amon e t a e. y g ’ the list of the Conqueror s followers in the

seems to me on ly reas onable to expect that some of the Northmen who s ettled in Nor

a faw Scandimrviamn ames te fbe tI-aced in that

1 2 8 S I on NAME DER VED FROM,

still to be found in the local tradi tions Of Lin colnshire r a ee in . The e is str t Grimsby called Havelok Street and a correspondent of Note s and Queries quotes from the History of Lin ” colnshire a a men a a s one a to st te t th t t , s id have been brought by the Danes out of their ’ ” own un r and n n as Haveloc s s o ne co t y, k ow t formed a lan dmark between Grimsby and the ar a the Danes oul a e p ish ofWellow. Th t w d t k the tro uble of bringing a sto ne out of their own r is no er ro a e —but is oss count y t v y p b bl it p ible. The stone in question may have been a bauta or mem r a s one and some hman fr m o i l t Nort , o a m ve of su ers n or of ous fr en s oti p titio pi i d hip, might wish to consecrate the shores of his new ome the memo al of a eve e an or h with ri r r d cest . ’ ” But the o n was calle Haveloc s s o ne st e d t , and it might be more probably a memorial of Havelok himself The prac tice of erecting memorial stones to departe d heroes was en

Many names of plac es in the districts settled by N T T O O S . 1 2 9 CO NEC ED WI H, HER W R HIP

in Old o se umen s but s ul as ume it N r doc t , I ho d s

h e nd lei/ca An - a la an to s r t e s a a S x. . , , g c , po t War n the ame of s the erm na on bei g g heroe , t i ti

laik i n A - S Zak Is uen l u l n . ax. , g , freq t y co p ed with a e x of a ean n But he was e u pr ﬁ th t m i g. t re other pas time in which the Northmen pre em nen l re o e To em the sea was i t y j ic d. th ” a el and e e e e o n s d ight, th r w r b ld viki g who could make the boas t that they had n sle un er the l e of a or ever pt d she t r roof, ”

a n the n at a a . u en dr i ed hor cott ge ﬁre Th s, th , ” nam Havelok sea- o u be a the e , sp rt, wo ld name than which we could ﬁnd no more ap r for one of the l sea prop iate wi d rovers. And among the many brave men raised up in our me of ea nee let us a no e e ti gr t d, ck wl dg with thankfulness and pride the dauntless alour of the old Dan s ero tem ere a v i h h , p d by r wn al an ou o g l t HAVELOCK. 1 3 0 a m s TAKEN

CHAPTER V .

N E TAKEN FR ! L AX S O ANN A S. ~ NAMES taken ﬁom animals form a ver nu — y merous and importa nt list many ofthem being of the es eu o n c an u e e a of high t T t i tiq ity . S v r l them are also closely connecte d with Northern m o o for as cer a n an mals e e conse yth l gy , t i i w r a e to er a n e i s so we ﬁnd a es cr t d c t i d it e , th t th e are the animals which were most in favor for us h w the names of men. Th t e olf was sacred T or to Odin. the bear to h , and the boar to consecrated respectively to the three principal

able and the most common names of mm In ’ e orn s n f n a bear was one of Thor s de d Bj , ig i yi g , own namea and I am very muc h inclined to think that we

o re recent Odini faith o with the m c . Thr ugh

1 8 2 NAMES rAxEN

- i An Sax . bar a ear corre n W th the g , b , spo d BARRY O O BARRINc ER BARR, , BARR W, BARIN , , in or in er so descen BARR ( g g , n,

BARRY an . BARR c d t) BARRELL, , BAR ROW A I are ﬁve iff n m B RINO L NG, d ere t for s INO ER of im nu BARR d i tives. (Or BAR BARRELL ri c might be compounded BARRc ric ul mn n with , r e, do i io ) BARRETT BEER compounds with the

' ' An - Sax and BARLE I g . Old Norse BARLING Du ber BEAR tch e . This is still BEER the common pronunciation ' BERRINO ER of the word in the northern

BERRELI. un e . BE R R E co ti s LI. and BERRI D OE co n E E . and BARw Old rrespo d with BAR R I .

record of the name Bero is in thS Gth centur y,

rom the Old m F High Ger . a r and ero corres ondin p p , p g with the Ang - Sa n bar and PARR E‘I' I' RO S 1 3 F M ANIMAL . 3

ro But e in this g up. th y correspond so closely with the preceding group that I am inclined to attribute themmerely to the phonetic n erc an e i t h g of b and p .

SON corres on , p d with PARR, S PARRY, PAR ON S BARROCK DARRELL PERKIN , , with PARRE'rr F E L S is , PARROCK. ARR L PAR ON u uall er ve rom e rson a l r an s y d i d f p , c e gym s m be the case for the Old rIeSIc has thi ight , F ers na n f n o e s n and e rson p o , sig i yi g b th p r o p , n and not ire l r m the a n our whe ce, d ct y f o L ti , w s a But n the ord is mo t prob bly de rived. o whole I think that Parson is merely so n of ” a S and I S are two P rr. PERKO, PERK , PERK N — forms of diminutives the ﬁrst an Old High Germau or it might be an Old Saxon termina o We ﬁnd Peer as a an name of the ti n. Germ

The Old Norse has basa l been berm ba n i ba n s: . , g , g

Bass v 1 3 4 NAMES TAKEN

BAS RAM bara and bare as ba n si , g BAs'rEN f n i ence c me our o ba g . H o S’ ‘ RLE names SS SS S BA IA BA , BE Y, BANG . BAS INO (But we must also take THWAIGHTE n ac co un the Old i to t Fries. SS baa Du c bo as S ee last BE Y , t h . ( Z a e ﬁnd a s as BREE E p g .) We B s

BAN S - n c an Ang Sax name ( A g.

me I SL and as as an old na Germ. Ann. ( ) , B o P ott B R E E z E c n s ( ) , which orrespo d Bresi the name a o men in with , of N rth the Landnamabok is n me a , I thi k by t

for . BASSErr BAss BASEKE thesis Bersi , m And BA s s v are m nu . S S di i tives , BA AM. BASRAM BAe N BAsrAs LE are ocal f om , , l , r b a vﬂis ham hom ton town and y, ge g e , ,

into it seems to me to showthe origin of the name as en a e water in u e l of B s thw it C mb r and. It is usuall denved ﬁom bw w m old y— plural of basa a ﬁsh d that name beh g fomd

1 36 NAMES TAKEN

We ﬁnd also the fo llowing compound names H a e o e men n BERN ARD I h v bef r tio ed,

E . 42 a and B RNARD p , th t THORBURN BERNAL OSBURN may refer dire ctly WEB ER to the sacred bear by which WIBER Thorwas accom ie pan d. This CO LBUBN may also be the case with “ GOODRURN WEB ER and WIBE B l , ho y ” H LR N - O UR ea An Sax . wt Old b r, g ,

Oss URN or e vé o . In a N s , h ly th t SWINBURN TE O RBURN with the Old Norse name

’ Vebibrn and a e man name of the 1 3 , with G r th ” cen ur Heili bar l a f r t y, g , ho y be r, re e red to by r mm ma be ﬁmn i war . e w an n G i Or th y y , , d i that case they would correspond with GOOD

the rs nam GunnbiOrn Gru BURN, ( Old No e e or d ’ A - b n Of the biiirn n S x Gn o eor . a . , g ) other

hard And BEB compounded with ha rdt or . NAL may be the same as an Old Frankish name ‘ rnahl m un t old old Be , co po ded wi h , FROM ANIMALE 13 7

BUNN ‘N‘” be An - Sax bawét an d g f , “ ” be En - 7 . ear f 1 . a g b oot, ,

a ea . ence ba r and b r H ,

“ PW ﬁt Is a comm n - . As par o vulgarism ” for erf c a man m na urall hin a p e t, ight t y t k th t in altering his name to PERFECT he was only

mu a m e is n in mo e an a it st be d itt d, oth g r th u u But u be as e d bio s speculation. if it sho ld k d — — has any man a foot like a bear i there is a surname in the Landnamabok which app ears to av such a mean n — uns f m buna a h e i g B , ro . In some cases the ori in of our name BUNN but as an g ,

so e e be d riv d. The writer in the Edi nburgh Review is of 1 3 8 NAMES TAKEN

s But a a e ef re su t plac e . wh t I h v b o gges e d with respect to heathen mythology may hold o the esen ase ou in the ﬁ s go d in pr t c . Th gh r t instance names were undoubtedly taken from an mals et n a in a te r me e i , y I thi k th t f ti s th y were as a general rule merely copied by one man m ano us as we ad s an fro ther, j t opt chri ti n me at esen me of the an na an a s pr t. So Sc di vi s the m s names seem to show thi o t distinctly. Thus Ulf was a common name signifyi ng s wolf and Kate] was a common name signifying In Ulfkete l the two name are com a kettle. s n but if we a m to ma e sense of bi ed, tte pt k it, it “ ” ol - e tle n seems to me a is W f k t . He ce it th t in form n su a name ere was no a re i g ch , th ide p of e mean n t e a e al sent th i g of h words. T k so a nam as h l Wolflin d su e t e O d m. ch High Ger , i we a em ma e sense ul wh ch if tt pt to k of it, wo d “ ” be l - m l an w n in can Wo f i d, th hich oth g be ’ l a ro a B t the e e er s re r ess pp pri te . u R vi w ma k

wit a ea to have been formed h m ning. In this

1 40 NAMES TAKEN names but in erman a lar e i n , G y g r proport o seem to be taken fro m the wolf is man WOLF WOLF the Ger , ? and ULPH Ulf the an WOOF ( ) . Sc ULFE

UFFELL ? be a rru ion ol and co pt of W f, UFFELL of Ulfel a minu e of Ul B ut f. , di tiv ( see page The Gothic name Ulﬁlas is a s m ar diminitive —s l e r in old rse n i il , ik No , bei g o ca the sig n of the n minative se. Among the compound names derived from the wolf we seem to have more regular Anglo on names an from an o h r so Sax th y t e urce. OO A s e An WOOLLARD W LL RD i th g . ax W lfh a rd O S . u and WOOLF RD . WOOLLEN W O O LFOR D p rob a bly WOOLLEY WOOLOAR is Wulfhun , WOOLLEY WOO m W l Wo o Lc A R L u fhe h,

ULLM ER ulf a O W g r , WO LM ER STO Wulﬁner WO O Le N WOOL N , ulfs a n WO O L B Y O H W t , WOO LFREYS ANIMA FROM IB . 1 4 1

he r Row t m. o Ge Ad lf RALPH, BIDDULPH corresponding with a Germ ? al is a on ra o BALFE R phs, c t cti n of

the Old rm Rad olf. c rre s n in Ge ROLF, o po d g an Old se Hrolfr and a m ol with Nor Ger . R f, ' Bolloﬁ is a l a s mla n ra , prob b y i i r co t c tion of

l is from A - o . n Sax . beod o R do f BIDDULPH g , war and o r s n s o . c r e po d with Botolph, Old N rse Biidulf Our name BALFE is supposed by Pott a n a n of Badulf ame as BID to be co tr ctio , s

DULPB .

Wulf an d ulf were the honorable names of e e th wo the wolf. They w r e lf as the servant — — of Odin the attendant on the battle ﬁeld the a — a e a en un e B th r. ut w rrior the br v , p ti t h t e

— — robber the ruthless devourer the curse of the s e er —the err r of the m er In h ph d t o oth .

his charac ter his name was wem' or ' r t g va g . I do not know whether we have still such a name but O was the name of a l , WRAB So icitor

General in the last century. Such a name could scarcely have been given as a baptismal

had an aversion to it for in the Old days when an mal uld s eak he is re resen ted in Nor i s co p . p 1 4 2 NAMES TAKEN

There were two o ther names for the wolf in andzr and Old r W . Gen t o urs No se, g d cc as GANDE a surname in the Landw me and an o w bok, G d as a m m of e . na e the 6 th en G r c t. o efe o s n F rst. r rs it t thi origi , and connects with it the ld m O . n rn Ger Ge ti, Mode e m en If i G r . G t. th s be SAM B URN r our name T O E cor ect. GEN LE m be a d m nu e and corres ight i i tiv , GENDER, erm n r a m n in a . . e co po d g with Mod G Ge th , ’ un o Samr occurs as a man s po d f hera army. ' nam in the Landnamabck and as a s e , dog And am is nam in the Nialsa a. a m e g S o Ger . name f the 6 th nt — ali m a o . rm ce S Mod Ge . nam SAMBOURNE ma be a m e. y co pound of bc'm bear—the wolf and the bear bein frs , g u n l m n in am name q e t y co pou ded the s e .

’ also in ancient and honorable use as a man s

EY O R S E . EVERY . V RY ,

1 4 4 NAMES TAKEN

em le ex la n as the se n a K b p i s wi or co sider te . als a mm n name in o l PIGG o, co o N rfo k , I a e su es e 2 8 ma al n P . EOO h v gg t d p , y, o g with , ' be m An - Sax z a D i a o an. c un fro g p g , p g , y g i l B t ro g r . u GRIOE is p bably from Old Norse ' n s a li t e i c we find as a g , t l pg, whi h both baptismal and as a surname in the Landna ma o h k. The horse seems to have been held in es l nera on the nc en er pecia ve ti by A i t G mans. ac us informs us a e e e orses T it th t th y k pt whit h , e e ard e as sac re and o e which th y r g d d, by wh s snor n s and ne n en the ti g ighi gs, wh yoked to ac har o e ro n s a e u u s red c i t, th y p g o tic t d f t re even ome race of h s o ts. S t t i w rship or respect ma er a s be fo un in the use re r y p h p d , fer ed to rimm of e o ses in sole mn a e by G , whit h r or st t ns e a s als in the f uen processio . P rh p o req cy with which they appear as the signs of inns in erman an d ze lan and u not G y Swit r d, , tho gh to the n in In same e e n lan . n n a on xt t, E g d Lo do l e there are about 5 0 inns or public ho uses with the si n of the T n o f g White Horse. he eati g horse fiesh seems to have formed a part of S 1 45 FRo M ANIMAL . s me a ms cal n ou m to a e o wh t whi i eighb rs, see h v met We not with any very signal success . do find that in the Northern syste m of mythology the horse was dedicated especially to any par ticular od but l e es l n n g , twe v hors , be o gi g to different deitiea and eac h distinguished by its

The name of n s and o sa the a s He gi t H r , tr di tional leaders of the ﬁrst Saxon invasion of

Mr. n lan are o er f m e. E g d, b th d ived ro the hors Donal so n n e Cambid e Essa s has an d , i d ed, ( r g y ) argument to prove that Hen ist and Horse — g are two myths that the former is the Frisian and the latter the Anglian term for a home and a the i e e n the n n of th t, wh t hors bei g e sig the n a e the names of s two m c i v d rs, the e ythi leaders must be taken as a proof that this ﬁrst invas ion was a mixed one of Frisians and “ n l en st and Horse. are A g es. The names H gi two synonyms ; one signiﬁes a horse in the man u n s man te m High Ger , which f r i hed y r s to the Frisians of the Fran kish coast ; the other

same an m a n ! or hi is the i al. Th t ha gs ngst special Frisian term for a horse is shown by the old sian s u a am Fri ong q ote d by Dr. L th 1 4 6 NAMES TAKEN

J ii niiiidhi ht biim e sin hi n t in g n p , D v w ad di hingst haa er und Peter iin.

o in She pie c ed him and his h rse ,

Gave the ho rse oats and Pete r wine.

And that horse is specially the Anglian name for the same an mal as s n u s e ﬁ‘om i , di ti g i h d the er erma n forms kr s and ros e is l a oth G o , c e r m o r own e n The en ough fro u moth r to gue. white horse was the ensign of the invaders ; he ans a e e r n s and the Frisi c ll d it th i He gi t,

I cannot help thinking that this eminen t scholar must have been laughing in his sleeve ” when he mad e an old song the authority — not only for the existence of a word but for

- s of an o r is in the non e xi tence y ther. The e truth no such distinction as that which is here um n On made the foundation of an arg e t. the

W r ch And the old H man M c bu .) igh Ger ’

a also hora and ar i m er H id . e Adel s G m. b d , ( g ) On the other hmd hangat was also a Low

1 4 8 mums ram

HORACE

Hom m. Honsm 7

Our name HEARS E corres ponds more particu larl the Old r e hers And OR y with F i s. . H ACE

of bo re and O S E m be an m , H R L Y ight other di i

nutive e n in the e m. rossli , corr spo d g with G r , bu als l cal Ro m m is t of course it may be o o . the sam as Hrosskel the name of a r e , No th man in the Lan amabo s ma he a dn k. Thi y on rac on of Hrosketel as Th o rk e ll in c t ti , , ’ r mm s o n on is of Thork l The m ete . G i pi i , co bi nation of a horse an d a ke ttle does not seem er e nan mean n but is us the v y pr g t with i g, it j t

“ ” l - e le See a e Wo f k tt . ( p g mom S 1 4 ANIMAL . 9

There is an other group which an n al n es a mar or a cie t di ects sig iﬁ e horse.

The An - a marr S x. g. e

— MABs ”m alt Old Norse ma r e ns MARE MA MAas giv , m , M an d ro a . ARY MARA, p b bly MARY

- mer The An Sax . e g , Old ri ld i o e me O . N rs , Fr es ' ' moms Du c merme cor . t h , es on MEAB r p d with MEER,

S a is s ll the RI ON. Me r ti gen eral pronunciation of “ ” mare in the North of

might of course also be from

corres ondin with Old Hi h Gem meriche p g g , a h a m s d m a me an c a . M a d ha, re m 1 5 0 NAMES TAK EN

in a e of man m ss i ur a u n. d D . occ s ch rt r i io Co . p

- No 1 S am . 9 7 Ang . . HOPPING HOPPEY HOPP HOPP, , . Horr c ma be e m An m y d rived fro g . S x an Old r e ka a B . d OFFEY a No s pp , ? LE D h r a ma En . APP an. o e pp , re, g ” Th ms to a hobby. e sense see be th t of an n a e n was o r nall a d ci g, c p ri g, which igi y th t o v o ho And the ma f the erbt p. root y pro bably be cognate with that of the Greek hep

a o s an d hi a mar 18 8. os e o e. e p , h r , pp , Th re or ha el a a m nu e u e for w d, pp , prob bly di i tiv , s d ' in le a d r a r A elun s Gem H ist. ho se Si si ( g . ) r name c is a aren l of a Ou APPLE, whi h pp t y gre t

an u m oss be f om s o n . tiq ity, ight p ibly r thi rigi But t n on the o m re ro a l f om I hi k , wh le, o p b b y r

so r n S ee n xt cha ter. me othe origi . ( e p ) Names derived from the dog are scarcely so numerous as we might expect Booo m HUNn

o HUN!) En d . HUNT Dutch and g . g HUN 'rrNc

1 5 2 NAMES TAKEN

fr m Old o arri a d is ro a rse o . Has p b bly o N , g “ ” this anything to do with our word worry i

a o o n - warri rri d ul be in A Sax . U . , g, w d g e e ﬁve an ma s en the ear the wolf Th s i l th , b , , the boar the r e and the do all ossess , ho s , g, p obvious attributes which would make them in f h f m n The bear a u t e name o e . vo r for s , with

— his imputed wisdom the wolf; with his fero c his en urance an d his s l ne —the ity, d , di cip i oar his n i c ve s urd ne —the do b , with vi d ti t i ss g, — with his ﬁdelity and hi s intelligence have al

a e : the orse n l and ene u r c h , with his ob e g ro s s r has had an a ac n for all men in all pi it, ttr tio me ti . — But the cow the innocent and ungainly — cow what is there in her useful and homely

which was paid to her was from a more ancient and a more e e l - seate sour e rom the d p y d c . F ANI M 1 5 3 FROM AIB .

o ec of uman ola r the ern bj t h id t y . In North s em of m lo she is not l e the ear yst ytho gy , ik b , the wol or the oar a to an articular ﬁ b , s cred y p — fragment of a more ancient myth as myste

in of all n r mm has remar e g thi gs. G i k d 3 1 h and eu s h th. 6 a t e an r ( D t c . M y ) th t S sc it

in the And be u er word signify g earth. f rth u n nn on e een n a observes po the co ecti b tw Ri d , a name for the a in e n m l e rth North r ytho ogy, in he e m. d an o m l in and t x . a una e G r r , I b , the absence of proof derived from corresponding an n names to sa e r an of our cie t , y wh the y names derived from the cow are to be referred to this remote origin ; I will therefore content myself with stating them as I ﬁnd them. Cow CO W is from the Anglo ax n ed an d if O I S o , C W NG is, as a a s the a ppe r to be c se, its a n mi is p tro y c, the word taken up to Anglc Saxon imes COB and KOE cor t . re s n the San po d with Old , D loo s and an. . North Fri , perhaps RO UND correspond with “ " m rind Du rind and m ad En . rus t, Ger . tch . g 1 5 4 NAMEs TAKEN

ll k SKEBRY and am ar ma m a. bu oc S y be fro s skeria a We ﬁnd Kuh as a Old Nor e , cow.

r name in . Ge m. Pott ave an e the ef e the ull ou I h r k d cow b or b , th gh la t es the e on to our na o the t er giv p ym ti n. BowLEs The three ﬁrst names BOWLY are probably from the Old O bauli a ll u . B WLING Norse , b The BULL Norwe ian word is the g — BULLING same as ours hence the BULLICK name of Ole ull B , the r l s BULLOCK c e l e b a t e d vi o i n i t. BOLES an d BOLERO cor respond with Old Norse BOLEs li D bol l b an. e b a o , , Sw d. o , LIN Du l BO c tc h be le. BULLICK and BULLOCK m of course be from e BULL. Or they ight “ ” o o m n e ur r ull c a u ull. wo d b k, di i tiv of b B w l S ULL oaTnv 18 cal m An . an worti o , fro g g, an es a e thrm e And N is t t , , ﬁ ld. BULLWI KLE

1 5 6 NAMES TAKEN

of the an e osite m nl a Frisi d ity F , ight be o y m n e o F a i u f o . HS ooKs and d i tiv F ss FUC , , FFOOKES correspond with the High Ge rman

ucks An d S f m the An - Sax f . FIX EN is ro g .

in a en sh - fo n e x . j , vix or DEAR The original meaning of DEER ee r h same as the m d is t e Ger . i l DEBBINC t mer an l an ma . s , y wi d i Thi is nse the An the se of g . a de r Old or d r of c we S x . é , N se y , both whi h ﬁnd as ro er names But as ere 18 no p p . th dif ference in form between these words an d the a ec ves deor and ( l r ear the la er ma be dj ti g/ , d , tt y in some or in all cases the mean n n e , , i g. I th

n - a n m un s de er is no A glo S xo co po d of , this ou en e The name TEAE ma d bt the s s . y be f m ti an m o m— m er d. Old . o ro , High Ger f r the m thier Ger . . “ " STAGG As d e er orig i n ally mean an l an mal t y wi d i , so ” ’ stag seems to have orig nally mean t the male

“ ” stag in the North of England signiﬁes a rams ANIMALS. 1 5 7

“ ” s t e i n b o ck and the “ ” D u S n o tch pri g b k . B UCKIN G HAM was in

- B uckin aham the me An Sax. o g g , ho f the

a e TT an d p g BUCKE , BUCKLE

m a e Box sim BocK na m. S ee s ( p g is ply , ” a lural m of Is our u for p is BOCK. word b ck “ ” one now more commonly called a swell a

“ ” m an als vir ran e et an mo e t o g dis, corpor i ,

“ ” ea v m rio s This ma be the ori ir i e su . gr t, p y gin of the name STA EBUCK TAKBUCK and the

u e be from the same by the elision of s. B t w 1 5 8 NAMES TAKEN

e als TIREBUCK and s seems m e hav o , thi or

A - x and r n Sa . rd g Old No se ,

RAM , I think. at least in

1 6 0 NAMES TAKEN

a m A ' ‘ fall in Gr m. en T IEN p. Th C s with ‘ HA' e e is some rrEN E . HADDEN , , H ADEN Th r thing more of probability in the diminutive TT a n the name of man CA LE. K tla enters i to s y omen in the Landnamabok and n m w , I thi k y be from this i i atla is also an Old Germ or n C . g . female nam b t m n con e u . , Forst see s to thi k it use the former u s ron r a e ted with gro p. A t ge c s can be made out fo r CATLING and C ATKINS the dimin utive in ling is mos t common in the names of anima s—and the Du c has kattekin l t h , a o ﬁnd no te n. reo er n r e kit M v , I thi g to co r s on em in the former or in an e p d with th , y oth r rou en ATO E be th g p. Th C might e Germ and — Du c ka ter a male catf and a er is a Du t h , K t tch r ow er nam But ere is a so an l L e . o G m. th l O d ”

E er a e er. a n o n . a a g word c t , c t r Ag i , b th these derivations are rendered somewhat doubt ms T and CH ATEB ful by the for HAY ER , which seem to connect themselves with a different ’ root. en we a e Krrr TT Cm'rrY Th h v , KI EN , , CH I'IT LE o n s ere mus , T dd thi k th t ” a e en an old o nowlos of h v be w rd kit, t, which

0 - m se . m. A . m x Old Hi h Ge r mac n 8ax . Md g , , ,

g 9th cen . erm. Haitar, t

M . H ce a so HAYDEN Old Germ. Hei in 9th cent . od en l , d , , s u as; G H B on Ge rm. a n . And AYBAY erm. yd , n

cent . FROM ANIMALS. 1 6 1

“ ” e n now used in the sin ular was the kitt , g , plural For the latter part of his suggestion

ul be fo it mean t a female cat. It wo d rmed as a im nu e ea n n the el as in d i tiv , by w ke i g vow , “ ” ” fr m arl a man en An - San girl, o g , vix ( g r m The orse has a rm f ox . ac e ﬁ ) , o f Old N tr — of u a or kissa a she- cat c mu s ch w d , , whi h st a rru on Of him a m nu ve of kit be co pti , di i ti . But u o n to the Old is no t s witho t g i g Norse, thi “ ” the r we use in callin c i c to a cat ? wo d g h t, hit — — Still assuming the word it is somewhat doubtful whether any of the above group be l n as TTO and 'I' rY are termina o g to it, KI

Chitell are found as Old Germ namea both

masculine. The Old N orse ham occurs as a surname in Landnamabok and en e m be our the , h c ight B t o o a una o O T or . u C t Cu tila C A , C r , C tt , Cot , , as Old Germ names Fou t makes to inters

TT T CO e n our or O O T . TT EEILL r spo d C r, C N , CO LE to a e een an old or for a o a er seems h v b w d c tt g . — ’ a on of the Pr m t. Pa r See W y s editi o p . The noblest animal with which the Teutonic — nations were familiar was the bear if they 1 6 2 NAMES TAKEN

me in c n ac the lion mus r a l ca o t t with , it t p ob b y have been some LE O

ou not er mm n LOWE th gh v y co o ,

LOWIS th e LEO is an Ol LUAE D 6 c nt . d

Sax an An - Sax and an LION , g , Old er f m—it LEWIN High G m. or LOWEN is doubtful whether it is e fr m the a n or LO WANCE d rived o L ti , onl na e LEONARD y cog t with it . LO WE LEN NAB D in c the wis un e ( whi h so d d) , or s o Old ﬂ la uw e n s . c r p d with the ies . LOWIS ma be the same as an Old m. Leois 1 1 th y Ger , r l a m nu e nt a a en . O E ce , pp t y di i tiv L WANC cor n e u Old e n re s m. Leo za 9 th n spo d with G r , ce t , a simla m nu e om the o er f m lean i r di i tiv fr th or . LEO NAE O Old m e onar 6 th nt is the Ger L d , ce , erm n a n e ona com Mod . G . Le h rd, Fre ch L rd, h r LUAE D ma e a s h pounded with a d. y p rh p e the other o the same compound in f rm.

1 6 4 NAM ES TAKEN

- mel ut be m An Sax cam ll a. a b n fro g e , c , I thi k o m of more pr bably from the High Germ. for

amxmel Old. g , — Ass may either be a donkey or a gOd but n m r a h la I thi k o e prob bly t e tter. There are Old Germ names A3 0 and as . Asi, well as the Old Norse Asi and Asa there re to SSE ma be the Old se ass ferred . E y Nor , r which signiﬁes both an ass and a ma e. Or it m be the ame as SS i is a l ight s HE , wh ch prob b y

ess an . AW and S ma the An H i EA EL y be g . Su asal eaol ass And N a m n v . Esm c u e , , , di i ti , ma a e ame m an n y h v the s e i g. Such a name as OXEN must probably have een a surname b . There is a Northmen in the

Landnamabok alle Oxna- Thorir nen c d , O ” Thorir m s r a m the num e , o t p ob bly fro b r of o ss e The urnam hm xen which he po ess d . s e is

’ i oxen as the r his a les for h s other to pp .

apparently co n e spc nd with animala but which 1 5 FROM ANIMALS. 6

Hublove hart a d PAN ( , , , h r )

T a n d e r a s BA N ER , p h p

band bunt a nt to the root , , p , for w am n e de hich, o g oth r

a ns ma be u este the An - Sax riv tio , y s gg d gH b cro m the same as a nd wn. a , They ight be m m Pantard 9 th en . Ger , c t Or they ight be m at a m a m un h re a . STA L r h fro co po d of e , r y LmN ma be fro m the Old Hi h Germ stakal y g , erm staid l en r n e Mod. G . , stee , which te s i to sev l r name P i l ra m s. m m t Old Ge s hink,

Baldfr 7th l the Old m. ed nt bald Ger , ce , ( , bo d , tsrchange in Old Gei m names ; and ﬁ ed in En lish often chan es into re as in Godfre g g f y, y H mﬁ'e h n the same and u . y T e BADGER, by n erc an of band ma be the same as an i t h ge p, y

So alm Poonns is the same as Boonm and cm onds with ol Germ Poda Mo p the d L d. el O ors dl is m. u ld e u ur m e B i. Co G r B dd , N p babl a Hi h Germ ﬂorm of GOLD Thus also y g . Co wma n corre sponds with Gowm and 1 6 6 NAM EG TAKEN

Bath Ra ra l d raw un . en , tti, ( or , co se ) H ce also se eral co m un as T u te v po ds, RA LIFF, corr p d

an m lei cen t e . Rat b 8 . with Old G r , th , Mod ' e m eﬁ le i a The An —Sax . b . Radl . G r ( , de r ) g

form is red en I &c. , wh ce BEDW N , REDMUND, e ld rm Rat erth a a al T O . P rh ps so REDPA H, Ge p ,

u t n Rat ert bert or ert . corr p io of p ( p , bright ) rom a om oun of s is no u T F c p d thi do bt RABBI , which 18 probably the sa me as a Rabbod men “ ” o Ro ti ned as a duke of the Frisians in g . Wand a c u on of a bod or bud , orr pti R dbod, ( ,

We have also a considerable number of names er e from s but u on the le d iv d bird , p who a larger proportion of them seem to have been

Bird and brid e An - Sax fo ms w re both g r .

and ence m be our D . h ight BIRD, BRI E, BREED I w s th m of Bri Mr. m er refer to e na e dd of Hastings as one o f the moneyers in the re

1 6 8 mu m ru ns

an Ol ms d m. A i Forst see to with Ger riis. wh ch h a a i t ink contr c tion of Arag s. From the Old ' Hi er - m a erm An . l . Sax cam O d gh G m , g , W m cm ma Em an d Norse , , . y be e ld na e RRE . n and Am e o e m m s A Y Ar o w r G r ,

D u c arcnd a name ofthe 1 4th cent. ADLEB t h , m h the Mod Germ ad ler ea l but er ig t be , g e, p a re nam ul h ps mo probably the Old Germ. e Ad

Arehel of D omssda seems a Scandina y, to be

o e name e And ARNO'rr ma be pr p r of K tel. y als an na an Arnoddr of aminar o Sc di vi . the the L

O the Old m Arnoald 7th Old N LD is Ger , e he m na n m re m Nors Arnalldr. T ter i tio is o p babl ﬁom wd ower than from alt old y d p . ,

' Ha - Sax the root m is ﬁom the Ang H Wea w of hi hl Old Norse ho d evati on . ch is proba y f . ' Gowa wx is the AngN- Sax goshcgfod a goose ” w name atin hawk. And SrAm m s is a d g

hafoc em d B h f London an . 1 050 but is op o , . mom ANIMAIB . 1 6 9

’ and u est e s name the Phaliana s gg the peopl of ,

T ma m Old e sum- rt S ARR y be either fro Nors , a haw or An x h frcm ga Sa . A An nd GLaED may be from n ax. “ ” E le a the e n . e m North. g g d, kite, fro v rb

RAVEN is most probably of Scandinavian

was mu in a the name men and ch f vor for s of , there are seventeen persons called Raﬁi in the Ia ndnamabok B rahan also was not uncom mon as a man name the ﬁrst on record Ger , of

6 th ent but Fem. ema a ra el the c , r rks th t it r y o Su on name Our RARONE and ccurs as a .

Hraban if not A ma be the rm. R WBONE y Ge , o the same as T O relic oun e . s RA HB NE ( , c s l) Ital

W s was u nam of an GRO E (claw ) . the s r e

- i No . . R Ai lo a mi lad Cod H D 6 85 g S x y. p C AKE

- improbably ﬁaom Old Norse Icrci/or Suie Goth . a This is ommon in Scan M crow. not unc 1 72 NAM ES TAKEN

0088 m a ru on WILDeooss but ight be cor pti of , is more r a the o e wa ecau the it p ob bly th r y, b se ne al n n is a m an ge r te de cy towards e ing. The name Wilgia (reﬁn e d to in another chapte r) occurs in the genealogy of the Northumbrian n s ma be our W1woss and ki g ; this y , WILD S ma be a u n t ma of GOO E y corr ptio . Or hey y u ff n or s as we a e also co rse be two di ere t w d , h v

GRA o c can nl be he An - a YG osE t S x. , whi h o y g

m - 68 a re or l 0m y s 9 g y. wi d 8 — Swan was usually if not invariably a bap» tismal name — se so me mes a a mal Goo ti b ptis , and so me mes a surname but Duc al a s a ti , k w y r am e w n su n e . Th re as a Northman sur amed Oend in the Landnamabok and an n lo , A g n l m l W ad n s in i . Saxo y sur a ed Road F or. g Our name AND might be from the Dan and

A - B t we av ond n . Sax encdc a duck. u , g . . h e also ANDoE and this is very evidently the e o from wad e zeal Old m. n 7th ent G r A d , c . , ,

Ma hower intbrrm s ma be from u . ANNErr

1 7 4 NAMES T AE EN

the An $a x c o . . c c g o , whi h Cox signiﬁes the male of all r Or m HANN bi ds . COCKLE ight N be but n not a l HAN ING , I thi k prob b y, N S f m o se kookdll a HA ON ro Old N r . is HANNA cuckold . Cox probably s e n a lu al m of HANNAY Cook , b i g p r is m Coax . HANNY Fro the Goth.

a - m HA NNELL h na An Sax. ha Old , g , HA NNET T N o rse ha m, rman balm Ge , HONE J which also signify the male of all r s but ec all a of hen bi d , esp i y th t the , ma be A N y HANN , H NNA, HA NAY, HANNY, a on m cs S and HA NNi Nc and the p tr y i HAN ON , the m nu es HAN NELL and HANNETT Al s di i tiv . o the c m un s ma r llus r us o po d HANMER ( , i t io ) HANoER er S ea —HANHABT hart har (y , p r) ( , d) — R T rat l ome is HA N OT un e . ( , co s ) H M

l - a a l m hone an er n ran form. b b y fro . oth A g o S

een An - Sax ha a coc and hcm a tw g . m k a hen has mbubl been the reason of the m , p y N S 1 7 mo m A IMAL . 5

B T T HENNELL HENEKE' Y HEN ENNE , , la a B ENNELL EKER. Or the st com o f r o l H ENEK EY un o e r eer s a . p d y , pe r B ENEKER But it mus t he confessed ere are Old m names h c en er that th Ger . w i h r d at least some of the above names doubtful. ’ Thus H ana appears as a woman s name 8th ’

n and enno Henelo as men s names. ce t H . , ana a the nam of a fa u ous ot c ero in H l , e b l G hi h des a a s H n l ornan als ar ousl as e na a. J , ppe r o v i y So that these two forms appear freqnently to an e i s is shown u er the inte rch g . Th f rth by fact a of the a com oi mds T th t two bove p , HANHAR d HANROTT r n l rm an O d . , co respo d with Ge name Henhart and Henred Fem s ms in s . . ee clined to refer all these names to the same root as ANN E This is rendered more probable by two of ur name and o s HENFREY HENMAN, s n Anfri Eu Old erm. d which corre po d with G ,

The names derived fro m the peacock must

n n u name la Pa the s lendonr of te th ce t ry d O f , p 1 76 NAMES TAKEN

OO are o a l m GOWK, G K pr b b y fro Old Norse appears as a baptismal name in the Landnamn but as had the ame contem tu bok, the word s p ous en e in Old or e a has in Denma s s N s th t it rk, and in the North of England at the presen t da i n f i n f l l ea is not a y, s g i y g oo or b ockh d, it e sy to see why it should be given as a baptismal m na e.

GEOUSE a nl not m is cert i y fro the bird, but om an l m O d . Grauso 6 th nt fr Ger , ce ,

- o s . ef An m Sax. ro s which F r t r ers to g g o ,

horrere . And A is l A QU IL probab y from ng. Su m eaa to sla kill u ll While PAE m y, , q e TRIDGE als un as PABTRICK is , which is o fo d .

en er n o man Old e m names and which t s i t y G r . ,

mos of whaeh e e robab nall dove, t w r p hy origi y;

1 7 8 NAMES TAKEN

Dome and D are a l m tion. ERRICK prob b y fro rs ddrilci d m' iki Dan dtmfk a Old No e , y , . , cock

There are also several names from the spar li all mall row, which, ke those of s birds, were ll m na u nam . probably origi y s r es Fro the Goth. SPAR SPARRO W s am s ectra Old e SPARLING p , p , Nors

O SPERRING SPARR, SPARR W, SPERRY, SPURS and SPARLING S PERRIN G , , SPURR seems to preserve the Ang SPURRELL SPURRET T 2 SPIRIT PROM ANIMALS. 1 79

- An Sax . N o. 76 2 . od Di . C . p g Some other names taken from small birds

FINE and FINCR are from

h - t e n Sax. ne A glo ﬁ . We

Di An - . S ca . N 2 3 9 . STARNE S p g r o. LAVERICK

D I An - li a l nn GK Sax. m s RUD o t. g , i e RUDDooK And STARNES may be from LA is n . VERIGK the A g. “ ” “ ” - Old En . la laverc An Sax g verock, , g

ere a la . RUDDIOK and O ma W , rk RUDD CK y

' An - rud 1w - b be ﬁom . Sax. a red reast bein a g , , g

names of several other small birds are formed by the diminutive in so ' a iminu or ic . Thus hneca a linnet is d tive

li ﬂax Our l nne me l m n . fro , ( word i t re y

an e one m nu e for an er . F i ne ch g s di i tiv oth ) , a ﬁnch seems w be a diminutive of ﬂnma a more

f om cm le a and u al n r q , to e v te, is eq iv e t to

astl a e nam derived from sea L y, I t k the es 1 80 NAMES TAKEN

the has It might be m Old e ulf fro Nors g ,

MORE to as probably a te rm of

E R O a on r s r me can B A DM RE S x wo d we e , SUMMERSELL

was md r is a ommon a smal , which c b pti

O RE ma be from hvitﬂ m and bim' tmdr M y . si nif in a white ull Bu as an An lo g y g g . t g

MORE and BEARDMORE may be compounds of th:s and bcm' t bright enter in o a ea man n l - a n nam g int gr t y A g o S xo es.

shha which appears to be from Old Norse

1 82 NAMES TAKEN

l rd mas e hm or ﬁ' omhere an he o m. m , t r, Ger ; ,

“ ” m ﬁsh name the the al or a . of ﬁsh, sho , r y H en as Bom ortk . m r n are o ( ) , He ri g, b th giv German names b Po BURT is the same as y tt.

Had and the a n mi . RIT , (p W ING is p tro y c of IIIT RO T ma the same as the W E. T U y be m tr t Old r t . m. tru m. o u e Ger , High G , Low Ger

S a r a l and Ehrentraut. FI K nd FISH a e prob b y f m An - c ro . Sax. s a a man as T g fi , fisher , HUN m hunta a un m fro , h ts an. But there are a fe w names which may be obabl e f m E ul m y d rived ro fishes. W ALE wo d WALE be a natural surname for WW a bi fellow There is a g . WW Northman in the Ia nd namabok with the not

Y O WH A L E B E LL . C RR

1 8 4 NAMES TAKEN

WORMS bok: ORME corresponds

Old arm/r Dan. WORMALD with Norse ,

m WORMB - form ar and the An Sax. , with g “ ” En a ORMSTON h l . rm n . t e O d. e g wo , s rpe t

ma be a com un of stains s n . or it y po d , to e ORM ERO D is not a a m oun nam but ex ctly co p d e,

”

n e r and si n e m the red. joi ed tog the , g iﬁ s Or e, ’ ” ORMSBY is local Orme s village And m l O a c un of old o d. W RMALD is o po d , Orm and wwrm were the honourable names the m m of ser ent a um as a al na . p , ss ed b ptis es

But OO An - Sax entce Old M kr . i SN K, g , Norse ,

- E l o a i D n da n O d e M a . S LANGE, N rs g , ge ’ I Old o se limu all s n n mit L NNEY, N r , ig ifyi g s e, ma have been in most as s s am y c e urn es. There is o e er a Snocca n a a e , h w v , , who sig s ch rt r of Cadwalha s nam m of We sex, whose e see s to be

PADDY may be from Old Nome padd an.

es ondin Low B t the r p g German forms. u

seem to mark it as rather a baptismal name,

1 86 NAMES TAKEN

” lob n n l the r nal , sig ifyi g ooby, of which o igi ceived the name from his motionless habits

O rr n n the man L BO, co espo di g with Ger Lobe, I b k Lube k an o own name L B i ib ec e, c e, d ur U OO ma be er m the same en e of B K, y d ived fro s s

the e al the nam to spid r. So so with e SPIDER “ " itself; which signiﬁes spinner ; this was in e the Old En r and n d ed g. wo d, correspo ds with i s in s i n he r Du and e . t m. s nne Ge p , tch p , Sw d p a ma ro a l be cla dd . So th t SPIDER y p b b y ssed er a with SPINNER, SPINNEY, SPINDLER, p h ps as one he nam r m SPENDER, of t es derived f o

a m r ma all be onne t w ote. O they y c c e d ith math r muat Old a m m. S x Ger , Old High Ge , .

e M T I‘E rman nam Muato . O RAM MOT old Ge , TRAIL are more obvion sly the same as the Old m m 1 87

- n 8 ax . some A g . names of ph cn it seems u ﬂ n

' be from b a bee. it mi ht he ﬁm bta i Or g , 1 88 NAMES TAKEN

a n im e an t S xo t es, or wh ther there is y o her ac in n l s tr e of the word ancient Teuto ic dia ect . For a m i n a ne a the b I h ve heard it a t i d th—t ug is one of the many importa tions good and — bad that we have received during the last w s a fe cen u . In Old En the mean t rie g. word t spectre Thou shalt not be afraid of any ” u s n in an old n of the b g by ight. versio Scrip u s referred to an ima inar nd not a r a t re , g ym e l

“ named Buc e is described as Abbathsa et g ,

19 0 NAMEs TAKEN

n We ﬁnd a nam n l tio . th t the es of the ob er

all n a um as a smal name a r y bee ss ed b pti s. Th t

That an names as sumames. y that may be derived from ﬁshes were

a m And in the e b bly surna es. xception of the serpent we may perhaps ﬁn d a trac e of that widely- prevailing worship or re spect which was

l u u l evi thro gho t the wor d. LS 1 FROM ANIMA . 9 1

C H A P T E R V I .

there are others for which it is by no means eas to c un The a n wh a m n was y a co t. re so y a called after the ash tree is explained on myth l l a un 74 . diﬁ cult o ogic gro ds, p. Nor is it to OAKE all after oak be c ed the , the emblem of stability and re n s m st gth. Thi see s to be

Am sms

Acao rn

Aa aD

ham Bees. and a in the , Occ royal line of Northumber l All aem f m An - a de and. these s to be ro g S ,

is l a man nam a so North , ed Do s of Lincolnshhe and an Achi in ths me day , 1 9 2 NAMES DERIVED FRO M

he m. c n ld e m name a . a O . G r Acco, Mod Ger A P tt The o e name mi o e er be ( o ) N rs ght, h w v . e rom aka to r e a a en deriv d f , d iv ch riot, wh ce ”

- Oeke a le of or the c a e e . Thor, tit Th , h riot r Our name AXE think ro erl Acks a is, I , p p y ,

’ ” AX AM A s m and om un , ck ho e, the c po ds

A - CROYD An Sax. read and ( g , red) , ACHARD

si niﬁ a en and AR ENSIDE is cal g y o k , lo , f m si de a o s n or a n and ro , p sse sio loc tio , the ro e name of Am OCKMORE is p p r . pro

LIND an d an Ol m m na d . LINDO, ( Ger ter i

n ma e r m An - Sax lind l n en tio ) , y b f o g . , the i d ' or lim r B t l e t ee. u hnd also si niﬁes a shie d g . on account of the wood being generally used

the sense in whieh the word fixrthm' re fin , ( ed to in next cha w in o m s te r as used r er na e . p ) , p p It is not dificult to conceive why a man should be called TH OE NE or TmsrLE The

1 9 4 N AMES DERI VED FROM

m oss be er ve m the W ight p ibly d i d fro W . ” a e of om n on a o e use as a s m ppl d i i , gl b d y bol of authority at the coronation of Northern

173 u - th r from some n . S i G . O m Lew. ki gs ( , o o ) o we ann w v ther source which c ot no di ine. TO T and APPLEYAE D are APPLE N , APPLEGAR H. . l cal and are u alen a —the o , eq iv t to orch rd m o o An mar ean n f b th ton and artk . pri y i g g , g “ ”

x ea rd En ar e n an nclosure. Sa . . y , g y d, b i g i But APPLEBY may be rather from Appel as a proper name the root of by is human habita n and no is so e uen l co u le i tio , word fr q t y p d w th er name e in estmorelan is a prop . Appl by W d supposed to be the Roman Aballaba But Aballaba is evidently mere ly the latinized form of le name mus a e had re App by, the it t h v befo This then seems to be one of those names ms u ma ” nu ts are 1 5 ra . 9 , P , , place where he was buried was called Korna pendi ng with o ur names CORN and CORNEY are m Horn and Korni als o the G g. be derived from plants and fruits may be more

AM OND is probably from

mun Old se Amundr d. Nor ,

is the same as Knut which we incorrectly make a di s

Rm the Old l is Germ. Phi i “ ” ull- GRArss bert. f bright. is probably from the Old

c e a surn am n e rook d, e i th

Ang - Sax dwm a judge ; and CHE RRY I have referred,

. 8 7 to a diﬂ erent u . p , gro p m is the as the O , sarne

Sm dmavian nam la f orne e e al e O , b by s v r

OAE I take wbc a phm hm aml class it 1 9 6 NAMES DERIVED FROM

nam o The name German es Otte and Ott . Ott was recently di scovered on a runic inscrip tion in the Isle of Mamand its etymon is pro bably to be found in the Old Norse ottmto

t An n he . Sca dina vian name Ottar. LEAF g SaL m f en el e one o urr n as a y ri d, b ov d , cc i g name o s n nd in om oun s. IVY b th i e a c p d . o er n s ma be er e om the Mr. L w thi k , y d iv d fr

IVY was a fe male c arac e IVYMEY ni in h t r. , sig fy g ” iv - mai en is ro a f m h s s u but y d , p b bly ro t i o rce, IVY se f alon IVE IFE the m nu e it l } g with , , di i tiv s IVA LL and TT and a rre n i n rman IVE , co spo d g Ge name e I take to be the same as the lﬁi in

the nealo of the or um an n the ge gy N th bri ki gs. a le e m n of is Old se prob b ty o which Nor ﬁfe, to enra e IVYLEAF ma a m un g . y be co po d of s and the f me r as a a mal and a thi or r wo d, b ptis su name o ne o et er a a oc~ r j i d t g h , which ppe rs to " c ur so me imes o t . Th ugh led very ﬁe q uently

- — occurs as a post ﬁx in regular Anglo Saxon compound namea yet lﬁ is one of those olde r

l 9 8 NAM ES DERIVED FROM

s loveraddresses his mistress " as une Swobke ol go , g ” w bke Golds was den S o .

the l) Of a woman men

one W3 18 milled Deorwyn ; the other

uen c a e r v ro btie q t h pt on names deri ed f m aﬁ c n . c was of ou a u name GOLDEN, whi h , c rse, s r . ma a l a e ha s m la n n y prob b y h v d a i i r mea i g. re was an Alf ar ul a o of The g , or W fg r. bish p t Lichﬁeld su nam se ldmm l , r ed gy the go den? m m m m 1 9 9

Germ form of old Gonnswonrnv is local g .

also Goan m of which Gom oaN is ro , p bahl a cor ma be the Ol y mption. GOUDE y d F and Dutc h oud o ld ; or i t ma riesic the —g g y be the same as GOOD something depends on the ronunciation take to be fro p . GULL I m Old Norse u old n e o a l ala g n , whe c pr b b y the g of herald n ry. GULLEN correspo ds with Old rs awn l n T and No e y , go de ; GULLY, GULLE ,

” ‘ ' “ G B I is l - r a ea s UL EB go d b i ht. GULLIVER pp r g — to be from the Scandinavian name Ivar with the sumame ull o l as a reﬁx which not g , g d, p , “ un u n l u s u u l- ar l freq e t y occ r . Th s G l Iv , Go d " a es o s ull- B n l - Iv r, corr p nd with G or , Go d ’ n n abok And Thorirﬁ a name in the La d am . ” ull- Haraldr ol - a l a name in with G , G d H ro d, Ann Isl the .

me ere Silher is robabl also an ancient na . , p y Th 2 00 NAMES DERIVED FRO M

mere Old Norse ha n r a a e- mound l e , ( g , gr v ) , Si v r

’ w Here it a ears tc be a man s name a A . nd pp ,

Solvar in the Landnamabok but s nam , thi e is not derived from the metal SILVERSIDE is not l e O S er e m ers nal ua, , ik IR N IDE, d iv d fro p o q lities but a l al nam as S n a o e , is oc e, how b v BRAS S appears to be a synonym of stre ngth at l th An - brcssen sw r in eas e Sax. to t g , o d g o means o made of rass and al o B sworth, b th b , s s ro l B B m h al n o erfu . O ur name RAB t g, p w ig t so be er v rom Old o s brass ala but d i ed f N r e , s x,

TON seems t o a mal n o n a s am . , p i t to b pti e m a u n of E COPPER ight be corr ptio COWP R, ' Old r e kau a ri a eale smll oun in No s p , d r, f d ” the o f En an o se - u But N rth o gl d h r co per. the correspondence of a German name Knpfer is so fa r in favor of its being derived from the me l ta . IRO N iS a name of the sort likely to have been in an cient use et I have ot met with , y n it as such nor does it occm in any of the forms

202 NAMES D EE IvED men

' ma m the An - a Friﬁestan ﬁo S x. m it y be fro g ,

be in some instanm l cal om the nam o , fr e of

Haste inn the Landnamabok de of , which is

Ste inn.

WOOD WoonrNo

WooDSON

WoonALL

WoonARD m m m m 2 03

of a m It the nature surna e. may be one of those names which have superseded the bap

Aum is nowa very uncomrnon name ; the

between one and n ne Yet it seems formerl o . y to have besn common as it occurs in names of places mvaﬁous parts of England and has

l Thus we havs Amberle in Suss x ua e . e q r s y , Amberhill in um e lan Ambr ate in C b r d, eg

T e An - nam f Am D s h Sax. e o erby hire. g es been supposed to be from the proper name of This Br ant Anc ient M tholo Ambrose. y ( y gy) “ ” dis utes for he sa s no such ere on existe d p , y p a theory of his own he derives it from a sup

nects it with Stonehe n e the rea t sto ne tern g , g in its bourh od But Ambr-es is o l ple neigh o . n y

“ ’ “ h ri s i niﬁe as l su ose Ambe1- s boron h y g g a pp , g in a There is a Northmen named Amber S w. 2 04 NAMES DERIVED FROM

Gra m/nu but n ve ou ul e e r , I thi k it ry d btf wh th s the The o u is in thi s i from mineral. d bt ease ano er name am ar in the same cr d by th , S b , s li t . terms to express metaphorically the stuff that a man is made of But su e even the ro . r ly p verbial partiality of a shoemaker would hardly make him suggest that there was nothing for th os lea er Ye t an un ues e purp e like th . it is q LEATHER t i o n a bly an c i e n t name ; there was a bishop called Le‘Bar LEATHEB HEAD

LEATHERRAR Ro w e Di b rt. ( Cod. p .

- aw. An Anya S No. d from the local name LEAm ERRv b a lla e and a lac alle , ( y, vi g ) , p e c d a he in um rlan ha u r a a e Le t r How, C be d, ( g , gr v

Lo w umlee . er is the name of a hill b p , y the

M S T O rm 206 NA E AKEN FR M WAR, A s,

CH APTER VII.

W W NM TAKEN EEO! AR, A3 3 3, AND ARLIKE

c m INA]. W AL

— “ In an age when war was if no t the whoh

names taken from the pastime in which he do

were as natural as the were common y . There are several names which seem to con tain the ab r sense of w b st act ar, attle ; but I

are to be re ferre d to the pers oniﬁcatmn of

appointed by Odin to select the victims in bat T O 2 AND WARLIKE OCCUPA I NS. 07

Our name HILL is commonly supposed to o al rom en e on or nea a l —an be l c , f resid c r hi l d in some or n mos as doubtless so, i t c es, it is. But in otha ' s I think that it is derived from Mid a e rres on i n the e man , b ttl ; co p d g with G r fa ml names l l Hills ic s e the i y Hi d, Hi t, , wh h h w where the ancien t names are re tained mostly

I S mic S H LL ON H ILL O N, which of course could not be from a local name ls the . A o, by om un s H I L D Y A B D c po d , , 2 08 S T R S NAME AKEN FROM WAR, A M , is no ou a cal name from thor a v lla e d bt lo , p, i g , h in the names of lac e in man and w ich p s Ger y, s ll m e mmonl in Denmar is c rru te ti or co y k, o p d n dra or ( m n ee has a rman i to p p . I d d Pott Ge name l u c es on n our Hi tr p, orr p di g with HILL nn ou is our DEUP. Co ected with this gr p — christian name Matilda another re lic of the Valk r r Its anc en orm is enera l y j u . i t f g l y Mec hthild or Mechthild : it is compounded and i erm maid m Sax. with Old Old H gh G . , ight, ” ( I s n es m of battle ig iﬁ ight .

rom the An - Sax t Old o e un . u s F g g , N rs g , mr ud i m d um er . un unt are g , g , Old H gh G g , g , a ron m N I and GUNN , with p t y ics GUN NG U GUNSON and minu G NN , its di tive GUNNINo correS ondin G U N N ELL, p g GUNsON Gundila an Old Ge r with , man name and un la a GUNNELL , G i , GUMBOIL Goon GOODING the most villanous of all GO O Dc E

as an Old m GUTcn no doubt Ger . GOODLAKE l . a bo d GOOD, with its n

1 0 S T K O WAR S 2 NAME A EN FR M , ARM ,

HA RVI G WIco E' rr may be the same

as an An - Sax Wi od HARVEY g g , Cod i GARVEY ( . D p . And WIGGLES corresponds with a present Frisian ” name Wi ele . R wan famous gg WIGMO E is , “ And I like HELMORE. W GRA M is battle ” on n an Old st n m. ro g , corresp di g with High Ger WI E am. GS LL Mr w name Wigr , which . Lo er H ’ ousl cal s barberous is a l al name faceti y l , oc fr m ad a ell n co a . HARVIO and o , dw i g , tt ge c s on in t the m name HARVEY, orre p d g wi h Ger er are c m un e here an a m H wig, o po d d with , r y.

And ar a s ea . GARVEY with g , p r

ferred to . 4 6 as connecte d wi re , p , th the name r of one e n e es few o . H d , of the North r d iti A nam om In the former l s but a armtl es, itted i t, pp y

l n are nserte ere . be ongi g to it, i d h

SnAD DoCK e a e to tiv SHADDOCK, I t k D Rc ur be the same as BE SE A OnAD . AD

CAD WELL ? (unless the same as the He AND ws a s occup an os a 2 1 1

’ ta ble of Woden s an cestry the father of Beaw eo ul is alle ceadw or B w f c d S ala. And there Was a Ceadwala Cadwalha n of e or , Ki g Wess x,

CAD WELL may be the same

The cu u - l as S HA D W ELL. rio s ooking name m a cu Mr e has am n E n . names , which Low r o g o f m lain s is no ou ro e Headick a co p t , d bt p p rly , d mnu of l e H a n n o c x an i i tive H EA D, ik , d Sw nocx and a e man Hadicke in th , G r e

u is f m An - Sa be n e x. a o O A oth r gro p ro g d , ld r b w me of em s ad ar. rom An No e , (Or so th f g . E E Sa Made a co B D x. un e r ex , s llo , Bmmo z r e e n e mo e ro a ho t r, wh c r p b bly the name of the Vene r The ea i Benson able Bede. ) H d ngs

W e n and rom An E gl , f the g. names of la Sax. e p ces, (S e E 1 D D U LP H p . is “ m— war- Woll BIDLAKE pro “ ” a l a tle- la r s b b y b t p y, co re Groom s and GM (S ee M e Ha rm an Bmms and B11) , p. “ " m n seem to be war- ma ﬁo mdé woman id, a T momwas arm 2 1 2 NAMES AKEN , s,

2 B m i 6 . 2 an . Q D e s . 9 d mead a or godd s , p , . d, p is m oun e mam eno ne fa MER co p d d with , r w d, m us li e I HELMOBE and W10 o , k H LLMER or , B l hm ﬁ-om w l - An snws u i t w MOBE. d s k or wel a na e lau e e , c r g , s ght r, lik SHADWELL and CADWELL in

“ Guns Oma n Os man. ,

h sam Richthoven of t e e.

l a ﬁn has the O d Fries. M CRICKET bri a to a e war and g , w g , I O the N w s has fe CR CKM RE e Frie . w “ Cmcmu r C s xc x mo n s is battle ” fam us l e and BOD o , ik HELMORE, WIGMORE,

nm the name of the game a i ckeg which is pre » ‘ o r c m e mine n n e of mimi c m , bo dcri cd as a fim nnfi ‘ fie m thia wond l

2 1 4 T momWAR NAMES AKEN , ARMS.

m A is 3 . e e and e m. nam n Si g Mod G r . Fro g. ax si n Old or e si afrr are the S . g , N s g , victor,

as a corru tion There is a Si wr in the p . gg genmlogy of the Northumbrian kings from

Sigar is also the name of a Northmen in the

n of Gothland in the olsun asa a but ki g V g g , this be m n e ir a s ems to u e ea . se co po d d with g , p r

”— r - name u in bert, victo y bright this occ rs the enealo ies of the kin s of the East An lm g g g g , East Saxon an d West a Saxons. There is a

r s n n m me an d an Old . na Siehert cor e po di g Ger ,

S bel is a similar contraction of Si ebald y t g . ” or - ol ic was the name of one of vict y b d, wh h the s of ns 8m EY king the Eas t Saxo . m S W AND ARLIKE OCCUPATIONS. 2 1 5 refer to the nam Ris of one of the Valk x ur a t y j , ’ The duty od in s maidens being

his own and th e tem er of his own steel m p , garded with a feeling amounting almost to ' afiecfio We find o in the old u on c n. b th Te t i and Celtic myths that the sword of a celebrate d

e not unfr u n l a u e w re eq e t y ttrib t d to it. It seems also that there were some names of

and mo e n a l s ea i e r ho or b e, so to p k, wh ch w re m mm nl a for the name of men ore co o y dopted s . Thns brmd a oetical word si nif in literall , p , g y g y a o but m a all a s r m its t rch, et phoric y wo d. fro n n n was see 35 o of a d . ne the shi i g. which ( p ) names od in was most in favor as a name m men. o e er to a of It see s, h w v , h ve been

ra e an a n th r th S xo . “ an one a n a Br di, h vi g ” w is nam of a s ord. the e Northmen in the Lands 2 1 6 T rno n S NAMES AKEN WAR, ARM ,

BRAND RR

BRAND AR D a our name b bly BRANDY. BRANDRAM BRANDER has probably IS the same mean n cor BRAND i g , HILD RRRAND responding with the old ” En o r a s o s . s e man r m g w rd , w rd BROND is f o

in - a brand An S x. and . an r , g Old Fries othe f m of r n —a and o n e an n s s or ba d i t rch gi g a u ual.

eo le are men one in e ul and al in p p , ti d B ow f, so ’ ar s s n the Soap or B d o g. It does not appear whether they derived their name from a hero alle ron or f o m brand as the name c d B d, r of a ea on but m re a l the rme w p , o prob b y fo r. BRANDAR D and BRAN DR AM are compounded es e h a rd a and ram s n r pectiv ly with e , h rd, , tro g . BRANDIs ma be f m Old e d is oman y ro Nors , w ,

r f n l e names e usl men e erri g, ike oth r pr vio y

bra na a er ne and die as a o e— e n s ill , h oi , b v b i g t

Valk r nr H a s B a A N D m un the y j . , co po ded

hild a l 1 2 1 . with , b tt e, is referred to, p. — We have also SWORD as a name I have not

2 1 8 ES TAKEN momWAa S NAM , ARM ,

o D Hence C n ER and CARDEB,

like the before- men tioned ma es n BRANDER, y corr po d “ ”

the Old En . o e CORDWELL with g sw rd r,

ALLCARD is in all probability the same as an d D i 5 2 0 A and Al h a . c e rd Co . . , p C RDWELL a e to be om un e An CORDWELL I t k c po d d with g.

' ' wwlscax a a - n f —n wwls ére a ea , de th k i e p q d th — — a ﬂ oa tsoca a ea - s aft and e em spe r ﬂ , d th h r s n d W an . bli g BEDWELL, SHAD ELL, CADWELL I think that the name of Cerdie king of the West Sax ona is probably to be connected as a

m the A - s n Sax. ea: sca a a e Fro g or m, d gg r or u s me e s short sword, it is s pposed by o writ r a a n a e e e nam s as th t the S xo s h v d rived th ir e ,

names S E X c SIX SA X E , , of whi h is pro

SaL Scama , a Su m w ﬁom sem in “ ” the sense of on vin a swo e e ha g rd. Ther is a Szex a in the geneelogy of the East this lsetter memring for as a name of na AND WARLIKE OCCUPATIONS. 2 1 9 and as I ta ke it the r0 er name of Sax or Sex , , p p . So al T and SEX ’ I‘ON and not n so SAX ON , , I thi k , ” m s n r - a a e d e . All the nam s fro exto , g v igg r e in this list might however be pluralisms of the name in a ormer l e e from sawor see s f ist, d riv d , wa r Thus SAXE and SRx mi ht be S k an . g ac s d s —SAM SAm and TO m be Seek , , SEX N ight Sackston and Secksto Sacks b n. y, ,

An - co rom the Sax . orse e an F g g, Old N gg, e e s war a le are E00 S dg , word, , b tt , , EGGIN , GE EDGSON I GTO es on n ED , , EDG N N, corr p di g with

E o an Old man name. gg , High Ger EGGAR,

E ma i e the ame or ma be a DGER y e th r be s , it y e o m of See next lis am t . s ed f r EDGAR, ( ) There name) in the dire ctory ; corresponding with "

- - the n lo a n E rt e e . A g S xo gbe , dg bright The honorable name e s ar used in of th pe , r and m olo eem ave n poet y yth gy, s s to h bee

A - o Old ei ene n Sax. ar g g (g re) , Norse g r (g ) ,

l l r s er. n e O O d . d Bax. and F ie g He c were

m un e a ea num er of An l - a on co po d d gr t b g o S x , Old r an d rman names not a few No se, Old Ge , of which will be found in the following list of

GORE and its patronymic 2 20 S T WAR S NAME AKEN FROM , ARM , — An - Sax. d/r E g g GAR , E GARRIsoN A nv GAR Y, , J , ir with the Old Norse ge .

GO name em and th G e . RMAN , Mod

l But the corres on fu . p

2 M T S 2 2 NA ES AKEN FROM WAR, ARM ,

o en e has als er mu the a earan e f V ic , o v y ch pp c

of a eu ni n . GA aaAnD AnnAnD T to c origi ) , J , R E anAnD or es on n an Old GE ARD, J , c r p di g with

Amhbislw of Yor are com oun ( p k), p ded with D W LI occUP I NS AN AR KE AT O . 223

i An —a I r m S x. L CE s da Old o e leik. A fro g , N s ame r e I D OO E A g , spo t, lik B LAKE, G DLAK , H VE

OO . O corre s n n an Old L K GERL FF, po di g with r e name Geirleifr and an er No s , Old High G m. Gerlof m le i ffe n sa e GAR , is fro ]; o ri g, criﬁc “ ” L m be l al m a - and lan AND ight oc , fro g rd l , d s a en But urrounded by f ce . more probably the same as an Old Hi h Germ Gerlind fro m g , lim the lime or linden e —hence a shi eld i tr e , (perhaps also a spear) made of th at wood Then LINNEGAR and LINGARD may probably of the same n e s n . WOO and be i v r io s — GAR D GURWOO D might be local o r they might more

3 a l n. A R and ORW Y wood. j ve i G R AWAY G A

a l e the name Wre brand ave- s w ve, ik g , w word, — in the ge nealogy of lda king p ernicia it may be a metaphorical expression for a pirate

- Is e a - Sax Ead a or sea e . n . r rov r EDGAR th g g ,

h v ef l 22 as robabl a or a e r erred to . c rn , p , p y p n of LUDEQ AR from leo d eo l and wr a tio , , p p a g , n m ea . ORoA is the a e as an Old sp r s Germ. 2 2 4 T E RO WAR R S NAMES AK N F M , A M , m e mm n name E lf ar f om tel an lf e . or co o g , r ]: WRITT AKER I take to be the same name as a of Wiht ar n e of e c n of th t g , eph w C rdi , Ki g t e es a on mwild a man a h ar . W t S x s, fro , , or w rior It occurs

’ of {Ethelstan s charte rs are signed by a Wiht ar or at m n s e NELL AR m . S G co g , Witg , i i t r is '

- oun e A . ax d Old m xr n S . an s a ﬂ p d d with g , Norse , a e BO ARSON has n a e . MG e bold, br v , ctiv b e supposed to be a corruption of the German m n and m au a e . re B g rt , by Mr Lower, with o ro a of the ren h bon—ar on n p b bility , F c g p . I thi k , o e er a is more l e be m the h w v , th t it ik ly to fro

— is a mere speculation that this may be the

Another word for a spear was Old Nerse

of which the Hi h GeI- man form is s i ss g p c .

2 26 S T R NAME AKEN FROM WAR, A MS,

n nam and Odil A d the es Odo, Ode, occnr in the D m a ofY e Our nam o esd y orkshir es ODAY, B and ? ma res n the An OD Y, OD y cor po d with g .

m the An - Sax becca an axe a l Fro g , , prob b y and the diminutives BECKET and Become Becca occurs in early Saxon times there was i a a dux Fl r. W . al in Becc , , ( o g So so ’ “ the S or Bard s son Becca ruled the Ban c g, " em e e es a i s . Is n ng . Mr K bl Obs rv th t this ” the Biki of Norse tradition But there 18 an

An - ax Bicca to cor es n the g S . r po d with Old and seems to orse see . me N Biki, ( p it ' me o that this is a diﬁerent na . P tt has m Old AND WARU KE oocorArrONs 22 7

” ' “ b a h N t o E oab rook or h . m m c . So e o . . g be k f

' hut others of them point te an ancient haptn

' Con u poui mg with Ga mm pcM Dutch -e

a mo nnd or Old Norse h6 s ta ees. , p, c

Fro - a s ear d w m n . a r A S . scea , a t arro g x ﬂ p , “ " (lite -ally W t 18 shaped or smoothed ) come AFT l TO a o d m. e m na on SH , SHAF ( n Ger t r i ti ). ' and W e ar in An c Sax. . S ea csbm , g ﬂ g, H PES n S A tow or borough.

a nnmber of nam m as a at n es. Hel termin io mtemd into a great number of regular Anglo

Alfh lm h ve H ELM itsel but of the e &c. a , We ﬂ

M y of the East Anglian Kings from L I M a mbahl be a similar Woden. HI L A m y p y have net met with tli is as an ancient name bnt T S 2 2 8 NAMES AKEN FROM WAR, ARM ,

name is the An More common as a simple g .

Old rse boll/r al n n a hel Sax. col , No , so sig ifyi g m There is a COlo miles in a charte r of et.

i — N 23 and ar Cod . D . 82 5 a a O . 9 Edw d, p Col ,

a a a en l not the same ers n in . Cole, pp r t y p o , No 25 And Kollr ol ell are the name 9 . , K i, K i s of men k n several North in the Landnamabo . He ce c me our names O LA COLLA o C L , O O O O S C LEY C LEY, C LE, C LL , with O the a ron m cs O S C LE p t y i C L ON, S S CO LEIN G CO L COLL COLLI ON, , O IS INC and m nu e C LL ON , the di i tiv s O T c C LING COLLE , COLLICK, to whi h COLLETT we may perhaps add CO L COLLICK LECE COLLA and CO LEY COLLEGE ?

E An - S lla ld ax. O COL MAN g Co , Norse “ " O l one a n a lm . C LLARD Ko i, h vi g he et COLBURN COLBRAN D probably the same name as I t a of a lman s o COFF N h t Co , Bi h p of

23 0 ES T O MS NAM AKEN FR M WAR, AR ,

n t for a s i el was An - A o her word h d g Sax.

r a nl a a n on o fr m rand pe h ps o y be S xo R d , o ,

- . h ri A h e O a n Sax. er ld Goth , g ,

a num of nam e ber es. H nce ma R y be HA RE, HARRY, an Old Ger H A RROW , ( man te rmination) the pa tronymics H E R R I N C and

AR OT an HEBI OT But e e H RI d . ( th r OT are al a l m HERI so, prob b y fro the

- am the An Sax. HARMAN s e root, g ha m hem a o mas HARRYMAN , , l rd, ter the Old hdri harri HERMON Norse , ,

ld o se bi er h ar. O N , a e — r HEROD s word tha las t a name in

MAN and , H A RRYM A N , S 2 1 AND WARLIKE OCCUPATION . 3

VE f m An HARORA is ro g.

ee e s a . r v , tew rd HARVARD HER EPATR

- w /rd a e An Sax . en a n. LUTHER g , w rd RUDDER Hereward was the name of WILLER a famous Anglo - Saxon who WARNER THEODORE O m rom Old HARRAD . HER D, HERAUD ight be f m f m s herad r l a e of an a . Nor e , e d r r y Or ro

r s el brt and md/r llu e pectiv y with e , bright, , i s

m m name Hereric com ounded ight be fro the , p ric ule m ni n occurs in ulf with , r , do i o , which Beow ;

to traditio ' om ri the forester a Dane or n ﬁ E ck, , Northme n who raised an army to resist the in vas ion of William the C n ueror is a o q . This 2 2 S T S 3 NAME AKEN FROM WAR, ARM ,

T mi htbe fromAn - Sax here md an a m PA H g g p , r y a in c case oul be e ume l al p th , whi h it w d I pr s oc . But in more ro a fromhere dd a a I th k p b bly p , co t

erman u er Ltlder r s u e and G L th , , Old F ic io L d r, wi Lathere the name of one of the n s of th , ki g n is r a c m un lead li6d Ke t, p ob bly o po ded with , , to which we cannot in compounds assign a ” ver deﬁnite meanin —s me mes s e y g o ti it i peopl , so mes a er c un man or r n RUD meti r th o try p i ce. s on n the e man Roadhar DER, corre p di g with G r , u er er seems be r m r d md re ea d. R d , Rod , to f o , ,

— and Warinheri the former compounded with wills willo ill and the la r a ha s or , w , tte p p with Old man warren s u n n . High Ger , to di p te, co te d TH EODORE is the sam as a Theodhere son of e , Ida n of ern a m un e An , ki g B ici , co po d d with g.

meanin to Luther g . been included in Chap t And the names sig

2 4 ES T RO MS 3 NAM AKEN F M WAR, AR ,

The m Dan and . av ba nner and Ger , Swed h e ,

the Du bo nier a anne . was a n l tch , b r There ob e

a r n a o was a Dan e nam T mmo cco di g to S x , ed y ,

n anu e an d mun n lan betwee C t Ed d of E g d.

and Pfanner but the a t m mean a ma , l s ight ker of ans p . We have also some names of which the mean

in a a s war- al and m u e g ppe r to be her d, co po nd d with bada badi bde bud bate an envo , , o , , or , y or es en r I have alread in m s ge . y this chapter m an n m un e Old nd e i g, co po d d with Norse 9 , war and o s on i n the Al lo- a , c rre p d g with g S x. warboda Ofthe ame mean n We a al , s i g. ( h ve so FREERODY and FREROUT re rr to in , fe ed the

me en er TT ma the am a ss g .) GARBU y be s e as

ounded wi h a r or er a s t ear. And BODGm p g g , p O T S AND WARLIKE CCUPA ION . 235

CHAPTER VI I I .

M ON.

It is a long list Of ﬁerce and cruel names

— it was a war- a m a The i b ptis so to spe k. nno

a warlike name in the a s , hope th t his word

was the reli ion of the da g y. It is plcasant then to meet wi th names

' — — fri endship and aﬂection and to trace as we

M stianit even in the names of m n e . y For. tho ngh many names of this chaptm' are older 2 S Ex PRESSIVE 3 6 NAME OF PEACE, seem to have been besto wed as marks of the n in h e e e el or the affectio w ich th y w r h d, of the greater preval ence of words of this class as baptismal names may serve to indicate the w l e xistence of a ne and better fee ing. The most common word of this class in m to a e n An ancien t compounds see s h v bee g .

peace whi ch was in most R a m l A F EETR b ptis a . LFRED ALFRE D is E i a m s e the a e name . ALL REY , I t k it, s HUMFREY HUMFREY is the same as a WILFORD GODFREY in the Domesday of York

F REDERICK FREESTONE F ’ REEROUT ter an er of . Da s , oth St vid FRE ERODY and another of the Middle

EKPRESSIV E 23 8 NAMES OF PEACE,

names of mm and women

though we ﬁnd no etymon for in a lan ua e et it th t g g , y there is no doubt that it is the same as the Old Norse teitr Old erman mic and , G ,

a en e as . th t it d ot s, Mr

— in to the meaning some thing of what is meant when a woman is said to be But the ori inal sense seems to g — be Simply that of smallness the Old Norse tit res tcner ta ta minimmn uid t tl and m a , q , y a imin r An it is one of those wmfds t ue e. d mwhich the sense of love valna and pre cions ness is expressed by the sense of diminntim

containing mm' ely the sense of smallness E S EC T . 239 FRI ND HIP, AND AFF ION

i As u n l as cho cmess. is freq e t y the c e with ancient names this seems to run the amut of , g l — T T O the T OT TT . vowe s TA E, TEA , TI E, T , TU We have no name found in a greater variety ms h In a it of ancient for than t is. dd ion to the Ta twe before refe rred to in the table of ’ o en an s e e a T tmon h m W d s ce try, th r is y ( o o ex imius rd r m en in en al ) , thi f o Wod the g e ogy

e e is a T tla T ts l a m nuti e rm th r y or y ( di i v fo ) ,

u a a e i u . Totilas so rces, T to, T tto , T t , Toto, T to , l 8 n the s n the n m na e or Toti a, (the bei g ig of o i tiv case was e am of a kin of the East .) th n e g Goths n mi dle f h s en u r mm i the d a t e ixth c t ry. G i .

Deutsch. mnm 3 6 6 6 refers to the nam ( Gf . . ) e o la he shows be a m nu ve of T ti , which to di i ti o ha the T te. Ehrentraut ( Fris. Arch.) s female

s n mal m nu Teitla In re po ding fe e di i tive . Anglo- Saxon times there was a Tatwin (com bishop of Can terbury ; and the re was a Tat

e e o wa o There was di d bf m he s rdained. a bisho p of Selsey called Tota and there was a 2 40 S EKPRESSIVE NAME OF PEACE,

ns e the la r a nic~name and s a e a co id rs tte , t t s th t

” Ethelber a er se call a e au er g , oth wi ed T t , d ght Of l r of en em le e n . Eth be t, ki g K t, which Mr K b

famil to the lad There was a Tat minis y y . a

s 2 an was a Tata A . D 88 d there We sex, . ; , pres

e x a was the a smal name of one W sse . T te b pti of the a e fami rre to 1 6 as hav H tt ly, refe d p. , in the n We g Oldest family name o record.

ﬁnd a an An - a n Tate mann f m the , lso, glo S xo , ro

er to as a boundar mark in a charte r f red y , D i Cod . w . 1 2 5 0 Teitr ate as a p No. . (T ) — common Scandinavian name always a baptis

e e is Th r a Toti in the Domesday of Notts. And as l o has the m ern man , l t y, P tt od Ger names e te Tettmann Tittman e l el T t , , , Tit , Titt , and o T tt. It is not quite clear to me in wha t

m In Ol v b ti es. d Norse it seems to ha e een term of endearment in the cradle In

2 S m m o r 2 4 NAME PEACE,

e e—and oo' Ton s OTTI as h m. t e Ger T tt T r, , T E, o o An S ax Tots Old Sax. . . . m. T t , g , Mod Ger — ' r and Tum as the Old t ur Sax. u o Tot T T t .

Tormu Too'rAL Tum s er a T , , , p h ps TY LER, h Old T c rres n t e Sax. tla and Teitla o po d with . y ,

il od m. l a Tot as M . nd i l h e. Got , Ger Tite T tt

is e An - a T tem nn Ol h S x. a a d OT t Sax . T MAN g , e Te tm m. t ann and Ti mon Mod. ttman T t n. y , G r TITCHEN is another form of diminutive ; and

l m - TATCHE LL is ro a r An . Sax . odd p b b y f o g , l TA'I' rE RS ALL 18 a ocal name— a tan chi d . l T t a m ncolnsh re —in Domes a Tate shal h ll Li i d y e. Upon the whole then it will be seen that m is a er oo name for a s o An d T v y g d bi h p. re is a er oo s for the nam the v y g d bi hop e.

n - x wine fr en l ve one The A Sa . e g , i d, b o d ,

e was a ne r Saxon names. Th re Wi thi d bishop — WINN of London a Godwine Wmsos WHINES of the same name of WINN ET

WmsrAs LEY

Wmsros S APEEC PION . 2 3 FRIEND HIP, AND 4

as o ne elo of G dwi , b ved ” SIDD EN 1! and o e names God, th r

‘ SIDDONs Q of bis hops in the preced UNWIN OWEN do not seem to have been a smal but to a e een es o on ac b pti , h v b b t wed un of r r or s on ne a a e . the co t ch ct di positi Wi , name of the o of n n has er third bishp Lo do , v y n a l am m an n as a a of the e r y the s e e i g T it, th t la o ow . But n at an a e n t e his st Wi e, y r t , did s o r his c a ac er for he bu ht bi h p ic to h r t , o g it, as e e lls us fro m Wulfhere n of B d te , , ki g a ﬁnd als a W n n cl e . We sta ericus M rci o y , , d D i and a an e Co . . No . 6 1 6 Wist , , p , .presbyt r and a Wistan In the genealogy of the Mercian — kings the latte r name apparently a corrup o fo nce our names ti n of the rmer. He WIN sr0N N ST l al and ST , WI ANLEY, ( oc ) , WHI ON . WINMEN is ro a l the sam as Winemen p b b y e , od D i No 853 com o un m C . . . n p , p ded with y , lo e affe on— ence a erm of ou le en ear v , cti h t d b d men . SW was the name one of t O IN , which of the of Northumb ia seems to a e kings r , h v the sam m an n as but e the e e i g GODWIN , it ref rs to old e S D EN n ro a a n s . m l h the god , (whe ce p b b y as a local name and SwDO Ns ma SYDENHAM ) , y di 2 9 be a co ru on of Side wine Cod . . . 9 r pti , p No , e s i e m s I ma from s d o e . p rhap , d ty UNW N y be 2 4 4 NAMEs ESS or EXPR IVE PEACE,

m An - Sax wnwin e enem the of fro g , y, reverse

DWOM

l There is a ain an wi e n the ra ized. g O n i a of Y r In m un nam Domesd y o kshire. co po d es it is not always easy to distinguish between e r en and win war s win a n e. S ee , f i d, , , trif (

2 1 3 .

- le orse liu r The An Sax. o ld a . O g f N f , de r, lo e ec ous s n or in c m un al be v d, pr i , i gly o po ds. so a r a num es was forms g e t ber of nam . There

li i m m Liﬁf ed h s na e. A d a.

2 46 S EXPREBSIV E or NAME PEACE, nutives Lrvm LIVICK S , , LIVE EY, LOVELL, Lovsr'r Lovrcx LOVEYs LOV E The ES Y . las , , , t I take to be the same as le ofs the name o f a y,

s o - men one o a e . n e LIVICK bi h p bov ti d A th r, , co rreSponds with a Scandinavian name above men one LIV EMO RE is r a l com ti d . p ob b y

And O D ma be a m famous. L VE AY y co pound

a mm n in An - of d n da not unco o Sax . and g, y, g m m ere was v Ol e . na a r o e d. G r es . Th Roge L da a u e or mm n r mad e the y, j dg co issio e , who cir u of erefo re A D 1 2 7 8 c it H rdshi . . .

no er r u is from An - Sax d r Old A th g o p g y , ' o se di rz ear elo e m f e nam . o e o th e N r , d , b v d S s, m be rom d r a ee ight f y , d r, DEAmNo but the sense guides us in D mos em as EARY t of th . There w DARLING D N nam l e a of EARLI G whose e, ik th t DOBLING DEAE MAN have been an epithet of D EAEwVE DARWIN D 18 pound of this and the las t word . ARWIN e as Deorw n the name of probably the sam y , ' - 1 8 f mw n leasu e . man . 9 an An Sax. o , g w , p , ro y p r

- x m n l affe n are m An Sa . Fro g y , ove, ctio , w erm a l MYNN MINNo an . prob b y MINN , , ( old G M S rm na on and O . te i ti ) , IN N

n me l I thi k, throw so ight on a disputed point of Eng Our or lish etymology. w d Johnson supposes “ to be a contrac tion of min ” ” n or m nno a MINCE ick i ck, word which occurs in the Mid ’ " summer s D eam but c m s Night r , whi h o t commenta tors now consider an error of the

res . ar n and e s er n p s Todd, Rich dso , W b t , the , “ ” all agree in making minx a contraction of “ ” minnekin the orme un hilolo i , which f r very p g a ll er ves ro m the Fr i w m n n. e c y d i f . g o Now, if u n to our name i we a l an er t r s, wh ch h ve ike oth lan ua e s e s e and ft n g g id by id with the ﬁrst, o e

m a mm a pma agwm The 2 4 S ExPEESSIVE or 8 NAME PEACE,

one is a m nu e in ck ile oh s n n di i tiv , , , corre po di g LOVECK and a n ame m an n with , h vi g the s e i g the er is a m nu e in ken ki n or often oth di i tiv , , , s n n TITOHEN and a n corre po di g with , h vi g the

minf —we a e the s —MINOCB h v three teps , Mi IN Ks : the other is the same as our

WINNEv Lov v - m Tum —MINNE I' T , s s, Torr , ,

o n L v ' ' an WINNE ‘I‘T corresp ndi g with o s rr d . Minnie is still used in Scotland to denote ” mo e and in n lan as an aﬁiectionate th r, E g d diminutive of Mary but its origin al meaning ” “ ” is s m lo e o l r a e . i ply v , r th r ovey

The A - l n . Sax. mald e m en e en ere g , ild, g t , t d n se ral nam men as Mildr th i to ve es of wo , y , daughter of Mere wald king of the Wes t cians Ths termination r mis from n m . d y/ the a e of on a k l 8 but em e e V l ur . 5 of th y j , p , it se s to have had in many cases the geneml sense of ma or oman en e our name id w . H c MILDRED, ' wo still used also as the christian name cf men. the sams meaning ﬁ' om may a maiden

2 5 0 NAM ES DERIVED

CHAPTER IX .

Names derived from re lations hip might be to di stinguish between two persons bearing the

errone us nclus on for ere are se al e o co i , th ver v ry ancient names of this class which are certainly not su names and m s ro l a a s mal. r , o t p b b y b pti a e alread re erre 1 1 he . 7 to t nam s I h v y f d, p , e

— word signifying father and to the diminutives

~ father, as the same name as that of the re nowned ead er of the We ma add to l Huns. y

Fﬁesic form of the same word and edel T O S 5 PROM RELA I N HIP. 2 1

ila as the name of e e al un a a Att s v r co ts of B v ria. It is difficult to conceive how such a name ul in the rs ns anc e be a smal and co d fi t i t b pti , how a babe could be called father or grand fa er But not ffi ul o th . it is di c t to c nceive how the name might be given as a title of honor and respect to the head of a family or of a e le and how onc es a l s e as a name p op ; , e t b i h d , m aflm' wards ecome a smal it ight b b pti .

a e man a e ma r a l be e a ne G r V t r, y p ob b y xpl i d on a m lar r n e am not s a si i p i cipl . I ure th t E T Is not a ar a n of the ame F A HER v i tio s . cor responding as it does very nearly with a North

one of e l - a n f rm rom nam th Ang o S xo o s. F the e T a ve its mean n a l al tra FEA HER, (wh te r i g) , oc ditio n of Northumberland enables us to get the name FEATHEBBTON H The o n us HAUO . rigi is th e l n on e a was xp ai ed. Up the family st te there

” ” ho w in r um e lan a au h n , No th b r d h g Upo s m un e e u s nes alle the thi o d w r two pright to , c d in accordance with the custom of the Teutonic nat n to him who was laid below and still io s , . 2 52 NM DEE IvED

m un than rs the a and en the this o d ﬁ t est te, th

e c ma e a er on a c u Mr. Low r, whi h k s Fe th st orr p

A - i of the n nam Frithestan. But t on g Sax . e ac cording to the usual phonetic principles of c an e Frithestan ou a er ec m ee h g , w ld r th b o e Fr s n and in re e s the f rmer adit n to e, other sp ct o tr io is the m re e n The name of in o d ﬁ ite. Fearby

seems also to mark FEArHEE as an ancient name ill it is b no that . St y means certain it is from the above origman d not along with a re s on in man name e e ame cor p d g Ger F d r, the s " as n l s fea and er a s ila E g i h ther, p h p of sim r m ani n an e name el ew e e re e g to oth r WING, s h r e r f r ed to . the old or ci te a a c e With w d , f ther, orr s n c mmu a m e or nu an n l po ds , oth r rse, (for cie t y these were one found in most of the cld ) ,

Latin /mo a , and to be traced to the 8anscrit

2 5 4 NAMES DERIVED

T E is e f m the Dan s urbroder BRO H R d rived ro i hf , an unc e in sense the or is s ll in l , which w d ti o lan ese ou mus use in Sc t d. Th no d bt t have s been urnames . There are a number of names of which the mean n ms to be un le and as far i g see c , which, as we are able to ﬁnd any trac e Of their ancient EMES EMMS ba ptismal EMEs corres

B n s the An - Sax EM ON po d with g . EMM ENS and the diminutives EM — Old Friesic em YEMMS

HOME are the same as the

Corresponding with these are Old German names Omek o me e Em co an d , O k , i , Mod. Germ,

Ohm and O hms. I do not thin k tha t UNcLEs is a name of I S 2 PROM RELAT ON HIP. 5 5

CHAPTER X .

NAMES DERIVED FRO ! NATIONALITY.

Names derived ﬁom nationality have no — doubt been in some cases surnames in some ma s a e een a mal others they y po sibly h v b b ptis . But most frequently they appear to be of a clas s which have been used in plac e Of the na names and a e in man ns an origi l , h v y i t ces e n ll s e s d e A s n e m ve tua y up r e d th em. tra g r co ing among men to whom his name might have an unfami a r so un u be er a t li d, wo ld v y p to be ca e ns ead the name of his nat onal ll d i t by i ity. en e als su nam as NEw H c o ch es , NEWMAN, NYE M new NEWO Y Dan. OMEN . N AN , ( , ) , Old wa r m a ( Norse y/comma ) k c . F o similar

of Gumma a an er one n l a e , str g , ew y rriv d , which we ﬁnd as m a s r od i na C . D 9 7 1 . the e of e f, p . GUEST might be supposed also to be a na me of 25 6 NAMES DERIVED baptismal Even in the N orna Gestr of the a a Gestr ou c mes las is the ba s g , , th gh it o t, p

GAsTING are the An - a n f ms ist , two glo S xo or g d al en e rs n com oun u an gmst. It so t i to p ds s ch as HEBG IST from here an a m e s , , r y, which sh w a is a ismal more clearly th t it b pt . There are several cases in which it is unoer tain whether the names are derived from nation al t e the onal and the na onal ity, or whe h r pers ti names are not both from the same ancient 1 m m n u . 2 2 ean a origi . Th s GERMAN , p , ight na e of man or m mean a a tiv Ger y, it ight spe r man— 2 1 8 m mean a ax n SAXE, p. , ight S o , or it

doc 4 e or an . 6 m n e u . , p , ight sig ify ith r J te gi t But JUTSON and JUTTINO a r n m s and ( , p t o y ic , ’ ” Ol s on al ut s me ma be m J , loc , J ho , y ore pro possibly be in some cases from Old Norse

as the ori the l nam In Dem gin of peop ds e.

likel to b as w y e the c e than it is ith us. I do

2 5 8 NAMES DERIVED

an a s man—wr e ma f m An me Nor e th y y be ro g . '

Sax nm ca a n urse. Amm s and ELm n l may possibly mean E g ishman. So common was Alla or Ella as an early Saxon name that

n l Ella - n the of l men in e e a k a l a . g r y , r ce E ’ s th r ( Wha rton s H i tory of e No thmen . ) Am. S and ma o e m l be di KIN ELKIN y, h w ver, si p y minutives of Alla or Ella. S S ma FREE E, FRIE y ' o m Au - Sax Fr s a be . . ro a a s an. p b bly fr g y , Fri i And O o u a a le of o e mean BR CKMAN, th gh c p b th r may be from Brocman as the name of a ar cu ar r e of r ans and c p ti l t ib F isi , whi h

mm eutsch Gmxmm r D . . 2 e la n G i , ( , xp i s mean the n a an of ma s s S to i h bit t r he . WAL H

' - ax ww c a Welshm A S . ls is n . an. B B g , ut BI r TO N BRITTEN BRIT PA1N ma be rom An , , y f g . aX br ten r ul and not m S . na onali y , powe f , fro ti ty. 8m m an d Swan- rm no doubt — Pl cx s nr res s PICKARD, , P ere is on e of ar . ar a om ar Pic dy Th Pick d, L b d,

1 3 4 4 en e . H c

ot sure that om sgn P1Nx sn and the I am n . , om T L T m NA IONA I Y . 2 5 9

some me s a e u n o f m a ti s t t d, c—orr ptio s Lo b rd. They are the Anglo Saxon and Old German nam am t a orru on of the ol e n e L ber , c pti d r ame

ri . A s im lar o ru on is LAMBO LL b ght i c r pti ,

o u W N E m the same s ng. Th s AR ight be as the 2 6 0 OLD SAXON AND

C H A P T E R X I .

OLD SAXON AND ANGLO G SAXON BAB E.

It may seem a curious fac t that we more of Old Saxon than we have of Anglo » o n se o Old a o n in Sax n ames . I u the w rd S x its e sense and m an sa a we a wid , I e to y th t h ve at the present day more of those names suc h — as the ea n a e s n l a n utwu rly i v d r A g es, S xo s, J — or Frisians brought over with them to this coun an we a e of ose re ula com try, th h v th g r po und names which were curren t in the heig ht of he - o And u t Anglo Sax n power. f rther that if we turn to the ancient seats fromwhich ose earl e le s ame all ﬁnd tlmt th y s tt r c , we sh re still the same names are ourrmt there . The — is a peo ple o r rather s remnant of a people who once o wned a lar e portion of the Ge rs — g man sea bo ard now much brokw up and

2 6 2 saxon AND

ance Tnmnxs Em S Ina ouse ? L , , , INN , , H (I do not think that he is right in connecting the Friesic name B essel] with the Saxon Elesa ; it seems to be the same as an old Saxon

Hasala our HASELL and SS . In an , , HA ELL ) o er la he has the name Wats e es th p ce s , Rit , Hodse s re n n our arm , Gibb , cor spo di g with W , Rrrson Honsou ra n And e be con , , G . Oed , to n a 225 a an ecte d r u . with g o p, p , S ts, (with s eu oni c or atron m c the same as our ph p y i ) , T an erm rm na on s n n O . e SA W, ( Old G t i ti ) , ig ifyi g se er or n a an and Hoatske e a s the ttl i h bit t, , p rh p same as Hone s Ho'rcns N HO’I'CHK IN e e , , . Th r are only four of the Frisian names quoted

It is scarcely necessary to showthat we have

fewleft of the regular Anglo- Saxon compound names ; it is a fac t well kno wmand it has naturally been ass umed a fortiori that we mnst a e few s s o h v of the name that are till lder. But l will take the most commo n of all the re — S 2 3 ANGLO SAX ON NAME . 6

ST M Atheista n —o ne u ul nam E ( ) do btf e, ADLARD — - which may be Athe lhard is all that the London Dire cto ry has to say of the most com mon an d the most honourable of Anglo - Saxon * nam But the es and the a s the es. Wiggl W tt , — Hodges and the Gibbs live on in narrow — London lanes in quaint old Frisian farms live on as they lived before the Anglo- Saxon

I have already suggested that the pure Anglo- Saxon system of compound names might be ome a of a as on n ne mu s wh t f hi , co fi d very ch n le la s nam s u se to the ob r c s es, (whose e of co r it a a ea c e e us in s and is th t pp r hi fly befor hi tory), not erva i n the mas the e l ll p d g s of p op e, who sti held mainly to those old and simple names to c ha a ome And s e d en c us . whi h th y be c t d thi , n er e me n ma n from the I thi k, d iv s so co fir tio names of individuals in the less exalte d spheres of life occasionally brought before us ; as for

Hence the Saxon nobit bei ng i n part ex n u s e and in a Normanm d at the ti g i h d, p rt

There h a nm A na ven b M w a m gi y r. Lo ei tlmOld Sax cnd whence probably 2 6 4 OLD SAXON AND

o n ues a a n ma un ac oun C q t, re so y be fo d to c t for the scan tiness of names of this class at the

On the o r an c r on en e be~ the h d, the or esp d c

a But in to resent it in a mme p ges . order p s ri in l r m l ta e the t k g ight, I p opose si p y to k names of the ﬁrst comers in chronological orde r as e lan on our o es and m are th y ded sh r , co p em the names the n th with of prese t day. It mus ne in m n that these t be bor i d, however, are mostly short and simple names such as are more open to accidental coincidences than the

' theory can aﬁord w admit of all necessary all an n mad e on un ow ce bei g this gro d.

In the ea 4 4 9 foll n the An l - Sm y r , ( owi g g o

am s Hom Am end e &c. . H , , , (p Asa , (p . In the year ws came over Cerdic and Cynric

2 6 6 OLD - SAXON AND

ll We ‘ n l u . a e 001 1 s . Ken I ge s, M h v , (p ,

and A . and KEELING, CH D, (p INGLE

INoLi s . Mo n . and MULLINOS , (p . In the ear 5 01 ame o e or h y c v r P t, with is two s ns e a or D a and Mm la. o Bi d yd , g The meaning of Port is not clear to me ; it may be

fiom An - Sax ortio n to a fiom ort g p , be t or p , f fo a a e as o a t e a . a e T g t , r ifi d pl ce We h v POR , and PORTIOO a an ancimi t , which I t ke to be D o ur m nu e . e a or a and di i tiv Bi d yd , BEDE ID is ro a connecte the r u B E, p b bly d with g o p la i s a m nu e of in (p. n di i tiv M g, the

of an n - a n s name A glo S xo (p. ignifying man We a MA but . e GGS and h v MAGILL, per a s the la e ma the am as G h p tt r y be s e Mc ill. In the year 5 4 7 Ida began to reign in Ber

Esa an d o hi s an e o s l e , thers of c st r were A o , B d B n The mon of I is enoc an . da , ro d ety pro a l to f un in the Old o da me b b y be o d N rse y , uare and it is the same as our I ns ID mon t ; , , en e ro a as mnu iv s wh c p b bly IDLE, IDOL, di i t e . Eo ppa I take to be the same namc as our

w a Esa is the word of hich Esla ( p . 265 ) is - S ANGLO AX ON NAME S . 2 6 7

n In l r plained in a succeedi g list. F o ence of ’ ce e s l ns ea l e the name Wor st r ist, i t d of A o s an as Alusa c oul n t ds , whi h w d be, I thi k , another form of diminutive of the same name [Ella Benoc is the same as our BENNOCB a is a m nd the German Benecke. It di inutive of the Old a n name enn ro a f m S xo B o, p b bly ro ban a o ence our nam o un . n , w d H e BENN (

BENNINO and SO and its er m n u es BEN N , oth di i tiv BENNE'rr andBENE IN ron BENNELL, , . B d, which ’ in l en e l t an as an F or c of Worcester s is st ds Br d, is r m bran d bmnd a ame as our f o or , sword, s es an d B ND Two of nam BRAND EO ( p. the s ns of Ida e e a and C a a The o w r Add l pp .

o is a l rom An - ax a n me S . (id u e f r r prob b y f g , f ral le and c r s n s our ADE AD DEY pi , or e po d with , , S The mean n of a ADDLSON I 8m. a , ADK N , i g Cl pp is not clear ; it appears in aﬁe r times as a sur nam as n Os od Cla the name of a Danish e, i g pa no leman at the o of anu m him b c urt C te . Fro is su s a a am e e he had a it ppo ed th t Cl ph , wh r i its name n o c un ou er e . e e ur o try h se, d v s H c CLAPSON and the o al C A TO CLAPP. , l c L P N, CLAP

snAw Sho w a oo &c . ( , w d) , h the yem 5 6 0 Alla or Ella succeeded to of or um e lan s name mthe kingdom N th b r d . Thi is pcohably derived fi' om whfii e anrh as hefore 26 8 OLD SAXON AND m n on was a e mmon Old a n e ti ed, v ry co S xo name n our A O AL i No He ce LL , ALLEY, L , S ALLIx see last list ELL A a ALI ON, , ( ) , , ELL , ( u e a on o m E E SO E S se e p r S x f r ) , LING , LLI N, LLI ( N h a o lla Ei s OT. T e f p. , ELLI f ther A ' was Yfii or Ifi of c the m n is ro a , whi h ety o p b bl Old e o to en a e and ence o ur y Nors yf , r g , wh IrE IVE SO EVE IVALL a s Em , , IVI N, , , perh p . man Ive Iverr and e . , the G r One of the founders of the kingdom of Mer w a or Grids ro a l f om cia as Creod An . , p b b y r g S d a om an o crc . n r ax. ci , c p y or troop He ce p a l our E and the m nut e LE b b y CR ED, di i iv CRIDD n s ors of Creoda e e a a Wihtlm A ce t w r W g . g , Wermund Offs o me Icil Ou a The , , E r, , chb nam m be fromwe or we a wa first e see s to g , , g— y and may mean one who beds the way hence ma be our WEGG WAY The se n y WAGG, , . co d is m wiht a man and rha s lo i c the sea. fro , , pe p g , — it may be the same as our e ELEco, ma a IT . m war WH ELAW The third y be fro , man and me nd i n— 0111' d , , protect o pm

excelling in bodily strength, was so simple and

2 7 0 OLD SAx ON AND

One of the founders of the kingdo m of East ' ' was Wuﬁa or ude acco , ( U rding to e se name has the ame mean n as Bed ), who s i g f ffa e men ne m n that o O b fore tio d. A o g his an s rs e e T tmon Tr ils Hrothmund ce to w r y , yg , , Hr T tmon is conne te a r u and yp. y c d with g o p Tr ils seems to be a lural s m of ( p . yg p i Tr il a im nu e from o se tr r yg , d i tiv Old N r ygg , rue fa ful rom ic Tr o the nam of t , ith , f wh h ygg , e an ear n of o a We a e TRIOG ly ki g N rw y. h v , and TRICKET'I‘ i c seem ano , wh h s to be ther di v Hrothmund a rs to com minuti e. ppea be oun e hrot a n mmo on and p d d with , r gi g, co ti ,

mend e on. i s ro a the same as , prot cti It p b bly our T O and the erman o RO HMAN, R MAN , G R tt

Hr is r a l rom A - ax ri n S . an yp p ob b y f g p , orse hri a lun er en e n l Old N f , to p d , wh c E g ish

ma our BEEP I RIPPIN GTON Rm» y be , R PPIN , ,

AN Ni No S O . The as ma e a s ANNE, , AN N l t y p rh p he the same a An - ax M a s . . 1 7 4 g S ma cwk p. - S M S 1 ANGLO AXON NA E . 2 7

Or from Old o e a a e me E . nn N LL N rs , to ov rco , e e ute m om x c , e e a name ANNEGABN n l and Th r is , both E g ish man and an e r name N of Ger , oth A CRUM, both

” AEN S ni n o - l i n An ANN EO . ig fyi g w rk wi l g, ( g r Old orse ia m Sax . a n ll n d l en ye , N g , wi i g , i ig t) ” —and a u - en rse ANCRUM l bo r b t, (Old No wmr en or croo e kr . , b t k d ) One of the founders of the ki ngdom of Essex was E scwine n our S WI m (see , whe ce A H N , fro , h a and a l wi s an as a e nn . , sp r, prob b y , trife Among the ancestors of E scwine was Swmppa ; s in is f om Old or e scei u e thi , I th k , r N s zm c rl d, in the ero c nse ref rre to 1 en e h i se e d p. 9 . H c ma be our names SWAAP S y , SWEP ON, SWABY, c res o n in a s o an erman ua o or p d g l with Old G S b , d rman not s be . e M Mo G Schwabe. ight thi ’ ? the origin Of the Swabians as a people s name T e son of {Escwine w S the e mon h as ledda, ty of c r O s sledda a ﬁi l whi h is p obably ld Nor e ,

as our In n orm a mm n SLADE. co f ity with co o

d da m mﬂ ed S m swn a dagger s SEX &e 2 1 8 t er li m s our name . . o SAXE, , , p O h 2 7 2 OLD SAXON AND

In the genealogy of the kings of the Lindis a a Bub a Bed a Bisco and an f ri are ba a p. atta u a m on E . B bb see s to corresp d with the German bub a bo and to be the same as our a y, B ma a e the sense of BUBA and BU BS. It y h v

Beds n our e e to . , whe ce BEDE, is r ferr d , p Biscop is certainly a singular name for a e m l hm a en and as Mr. e h th , K b e observes, it is s le to e la n was orne in afte po sib xp i it . It b r “ mes a m n s er of Osw Bwedic tus ti by i i t y, ” om ne Bi o was not a s n sc . cog i p, who bi hop Mr em e su es s a he ma av n . K bl gg t th t y h e bee — a descendant of this royal race th at Biscop e n his real name and ene u b e , B dict s only an additional name derived from his aml a and ﬁ' e uent il rima ea to f i i rity with, q p g g ” om me o r na s S OP be R e. So of u me of BI H may e ve m an en n a v he d ri d fro this ci t origi , wh te er the meanin The last name Eatta corres o g. p nds our EATES 6 3 ﬁnd al EAT i n with , p. , (I so

This comparison might be very much ex duced suﬁicient evidence to showthat the sort of names which the early invaders lime li ght

2 7 4 SA XON AND

same time being bette r known by others mo re resembling the old and simple sort to which I

Leicester who is called by nearly every con em a au o a but o e re ula t por ry thority T tt , wh s g r name was Torhthelm We ﬁnd also an ar h . c ose name was but who was also called E tLand signs by that

was enerall all Sic a but name g y c ed gg , whose

e e was an E lfwine s Lichﬁeld who th r , bi hop of , was a o calle E e—eu ad ne dube of the ls d ll E wi , r um r ans who was also calle Eda Mr No th b i , d . . Kemble considers all these short names to be merely contractions of the regular name

seems to me that this opinion may be open to a i do not a a li ttle qualiﬁc t on. I think th t Totta and lEti are mere

sce aﬁectiexu p. - S S ANGLO AXON NAME . 2 75

a o s ar m more re dily ad pted . Thi gu ent might e a s even be ex en to the er names p rh p t ded oth , i a S c E lle and Eda. ou in a n gg , , Th gh se se e e ma con a ons of the r u a name th s y be tr cti eg l r , ill all a e a mean n and e e all yet st they h v i g, w r nam of the mo e fam l a m es old sort, r i i r, it ight h l r As f r an er m t e o u a ea . o na e be, to p p r oth u te le for See beor t Mr. m a a h q o d by Ke b , S b , it s n m m to be a c n ac on and n e. ee s o tr ti , othi g or 2 7 6 sc ax nma q NAMES .

CHAPTER X II .

S U A N D I N A V I A H N A U R U.

IT must already have been made appm'ent to the rea e how i m an e in the d r, of h gh i port c , ex lana on of n l s name are the p ti E g i h s, of he n t Sca dinavian North. It be the ca se a an an en lan ua e such as th t y ci t g g , must have had many words which have not c o ence we ome d wn to modern times. H ﬁnd our knowledge of the Anglo- Saxon language does not enable us to ex plain We have then to turn for assista nce to th e languages which are cog' nate ; and of these the Old Noma which amid the stem and desolate rocks of Iceland has preserved a treasure of ancient lore with ' which none of the others ca n compara aﬂcrds us m t alua le i e ll the os v b a d. Henc it wi be

2 78 SCANDINAVIAN NAMES.

ere in nc lns r and a a of Y w Li o hi e, th t p rt ork oun the es uar of um e It shire r d t y the H b r . e n e a the slan es and as xte d d cross i d to Ch ter,

ar no as um e lan e e m f rth C b r d, wh r it ight pro bably be met by a more purely Norwegian — stre am from the Isle of Man Cumberland and

ar the sou h es Street formed a bound y to t w t, — c a a d s me u as whi h it r rely p sse To o tho gh, eems me not to an e mar e e en it s to , y v ry k d xt t valent in this district than in the rest of Engs lan d . are also common to various Lo w German

est af n And r ﬁ ity. the e

those which are the most common and the mos u el an ina an se i c are t p r y Sc d vi , or tho wh h

common of all ; several of them are reﬁem d S S CANDINAVIAN NAME . 2 7 9

of the Landnamabok odd r a a and , ( , d rt) ; TARGE’I‘T ro a l the u of Do mes a , p b b y T rgot d y, the Thor autr the Landnamab g of ok . An other very common Scandinavian name was Kete ll the mean n can on be , of which i g ly “ ” same En le and the as . is g kett , which pro a t m a m l cal o n see 4 2 b bly ro ytho ogi rigi , p. . me of its c m un s as Thorketell and So o po d , Asketell our THUEKETTLE and ASB E ET I'L ( E) , em a a r fe en e is or n se to h ve direct e r c to th igi , but it also enters into many other co mpounds no n an n the with apparet me i g . As termina tion of names i t is frequen tly contrac ted into — hell thus Thorketell and Thorkell (our THUR — KETTLE and THUEE LE) Askete ll and Askell ASHKET'I‘LE an S are the same our d . ( HA KELL) , We a e al UNCLEs a l a o u n h v so , prob b y c rr ptio of Ul kel for lfkettle 2 5 4—RosKELL l U . f , , p , the Old s Hrosskel for Hrossketel Nor e , ; and BLUNKBLL for Blundketell The la , st es not a ea be a m oun name but do pp r to co p d , rather to cc ntain a surname as a preﬁx “ Blund- Ke tell n n ro s Ketell rom sig ifyi g d w y , f

kini n f n ea was also ver com Bi , sig i yi g b r, y i l i o m s 1 3 6 mon s n and n un see . . g y c po d , p s H l 1 4 0 and Ormr ser en o also lfr . . wo f p , , p t, 6 Our nam s ULPB and as con £4 3” e , ORME, V 2 80 SCANDINA IAN NAMES .

sted Wo w and w e i tra with Wo s, xhib t the

a fo as Scandin vian rm compare d with the Sa xon. The name of the Danis h king who was bap me l r Go thrun or u um as he is ti d by A f ed , G thr , called by our chroniclers (whence perhaps our name OO s m Ou G DRUM) , ee s to be properly thorm or Gudorm m ud war and , fro M or g , ,

e na s n n n m un s St i , ig ifyi g sto e, with its co po d , me T as was als e mmon. Our na o v ry co S AIN, c n as TO a a n sh s the an o tr ted with S NE, g i ow Sc din v fo m as s n u s e m the a on a ian r di ti g i h d fro S x . A compound of this is the H asten or Hasting of the on cles the Hasteinn an chr i , of the L d mabok our name H s N 2 na A ri c s . 02. , , p Another prominent actor in the Saxon an nals was Halfdene n u r orthum , who co q e ed N erlan and e nam not an un omm n b d , whos e, c o one n a e s as a e that he was on l , i dic t . I t k it. y — Danish on one side hence probably the Scot s fa i of HALD NE ti h mly A . In the ear 8 70 accordin to the 8axon y , g

ldng of the East Angla who was aﬂerwards

2 2 S 8 CANDINAVIAN NAMES.

Bo ld Frans. or en ra nc r in n , Fr e, (f , b ight, sh i g) ,

or E steinn E lif e e nal Thr m an y , y , ( t r ) , y , (gi t) , Dolﬁn dol r a foe and er name of , ( g , , the prop le or l r r n nn Scu u . our Fi ) , Sk i, (p otecto ) He ce name r a Rom E s ROWELL, (pe h ps ) , FRAN Y, FEE EN Jus'ri Ns AYLIFFE I F , HEMMING, , , LIF , a s J Tam I I S (perh p ELLIFF, JELF), , TR MM NG , Do p SCH LLEY noomNc n mN and OO Sc . , , A name of not unfrequent occurrence is Outi or — Anti there are two persons so called i n the Dom a of n col s r seem to be esd y Li n hi e. It s

erful and ence ma be our T pow , h y OU RAM,

rat/m s n and T reds c un el ( , tro g) , OU RED, ( , o s . ) The la e is the same as Utred or Uhtred the tt r , of an ea of um r We ave a name rl North b ia. h name STERICKER ma a s a , which y perh p be cor o a o e Dan e Starkader ruption f th t f th ish h ro . One or two other names may be mentioned;

I the Dan . rl n n f n m URL NG, E i g, sig i yi g r ons— T the Old se ur a s u t i S UBLA, Nor St l , ig i

“ ” Oe r fr m a e a ominar h t cf l t e roo u . g , o g , b i g y Among mu l risbnames aie also to be found S A CANDINAVI N NAMES. 2 83

Geiri M S As e V i o. . C A E ( ), O CA R, ( g ir) , MC , a M we M o. W n o. CoamcE (Vik r) , S INEY, (S y ) , , Korma k M o. CABK ILL Aekell Mo CON ( ) , , ( ) , . “ ona en to the re en da NELL, (K l Ev p s t y, “ ob s Mr Worsaac we can fol o e . a s rve , l w, p rti cularl i n e ns e the as rac es of the Os y L i t r, l t t t men th ro ugh a similar series of peculiar family names i are no means r but clea , wh ch by I ish, rly o na or an nam n an e Mac rigi l N wegi es ; for i st c ,

a son Mao a nall son d ir ( of Broder) , R g ( of Ra nvald Roaill Auleef la Manus g ) , (O f) , s is a nus and er . en a r a (M g ) . oth It ev sse ted th t among the families of the Dublin merchants are still to be found descendants of the old so numerous in a c The name of fam es a th t ity. s ili dduced in on ma on of as a ara e r c ﬁr ti this, H rrold (H ld) , Iv ar o te r or Mac e a and o ers (Iv ) , C t Ott r (Ott r) , th are enu ne e an name corrobo which g i Norw gi s, ” a e the assertio r t n.

but I do not think that this has been the case

an n a l en The e n to y co sider b e ext t. T uto ic

‘ Rcther Hroald. V S 2 8 4 Sca Nni NA i AN NAME . bu un m or an is ma nl ran sa s t i p t t, i y F kish, d he

c s But e en in man of that las . v Nor dy name s of Scandinavian origin are much less common an he are us u ma n th t y with , tho gh it y be owi g

I v to di sguise or corrupt them. ﬁnd howc erg the o o n in Annua ire 1 85 7 in f ll wi g the for ,

e all orol Thoroude rode o r-od T rr (Th d) , , E (Th d) , Tir in u n Thorﬁnn Tur uetil An uc il p , T rpi ( ) , q , q t , ues me son Raou u l Ruaul Hroal G t, Or s , l, R e , t ( d), am lls amel Hamall Raﬂin afn all H i , H ( ), (R ), H r n Hall rim am n amun Hazel g i ( g ) , H o (H d), , Harouel a al al e el n n u (H r d), H l y, Ni , O di , Ho din Audunn Ostc rmann Osvald s al an ( ), , , O w d, d n Odi . In Norway and Denmark at the prcswt dagt

Haruld nu er e n Eakild E1 8 , K d, Iv , St e , . 8 . Ar

S T 2 8 6 PATRONYMIC AND DIMINU IVES.

in his Restitution of decayed inte lligel refers to a tradition among some of country people that those whom surnames in son as o ns n m n M colson , J h o , Tho so , , son aun e n and the li e are e n , S d rso , k , d sce d ” Dan s ra e e he m s a e the ti i h c . Eith r i t k s n the a on a s the tr tio , or tr diti overst te me of s are no u c and ot So the e do bt Scot h, — are Ge rman though the termination i may be of Scandinavi an ori names o e e co res on al o e er i , h w v r, r p d t g th c u en D an s names—a s S NAN rr t i h HAN ON,

ne n rs n s en sen en aue se , Ive e , Je s , Eb , Ips , L n e sen names omm n er who A d r , c o ov the D ma The las nam n . S is e rk t e, ANDER ON , g

o e e is a rr au e This h w v r sc rcely co ect, bec s — have also the name Amman uncommon

de rs is a corruption of Andrew ma be a — y q ti on I have not met with it prior to the r cs D U'ri V s 2 rA EONvm AND mi N E . 87

nal 3 so mm nl ad our nam s The ﬁ , co o y ded to e , as in a s for a lls for ll Bo x for W tt W tt, Wi Wi , oc a e enerall a ume rou u B k , I h v g y ss d th gho t ese a es to be merel a eu on c a on th p g y ph i dditi . But this ma not be so in all cases for accord y , in o is a ommon a r n m f m g to P tt, it c p t o y ic or in r me n ma as s an na . eaf F i i s I deed it y, her ter ot be in s me s a m nu n a e . ll iced, o c s di i tive Sti h n a is in m s ases mere eu n I t i k th t it o t c ly pho ic, for as Mr er o v s w ma . er e e fre uen l Low bs , y q t y remark a te ndency among the illiterate to plu raliae names in s manner thi . nowc me re a of m nu We o to t t di i tives, which, as the re a e canno fa l to a e o ser e m d r t i h v b v d, for a m s m or an ea u e in our nomen la u o t i p t t f t r c t re. Indeed I thin k th at in no respect is the con servative character of our names more strongly shown than in the number and variety of the im n ut es e eta n as c m are d i iv which th y r i , o p d

the an ua c in suc a as Scottish l g ge, whi h h phr e “ ” as wee bit lassie can string three diminu tives r has muc more o er of ex togethe , h p w pression than the English But it seems to

l s lan ua e o ether a the a er mus i h g g t g , th t l tt t Thus it has ; among our ' There are in all eight diﬁerent forms of di

that in kimchm or chimthat in camat in mp

The diminutive i n ey or ale is conﬁned to our own an ua e and l n s m re k l l g g , be o g o W y the lan en e u to Low d Scotc h. H c s ch names as ' Tm (But the termn ’ the ending of mens names in i .) The diminutive in ck or och comes to m

u the n l - a n and is c mm to thro gh A g o S xo , o on all h ermanic bran h en e rom t e G c . H c f m a MANNIOO m we we h ve , fro JELLY — COE these have an old German m we a B w ENNOOH, m B E e Fro BENN h ve fro GA ,

have A r Pa wK . nd the e is a name Smmm which I have met With in the Isle of WiQ Q;

“ ” 11mmm eet d 1 a kitten is not 1 x e . 6 1 gg , p , th t ” m e l r m cat but m an ol for ed dir ct y f o , fro d

more co mmonly in proper

rally appwrs as or PAW AND Dmnm'rrvm 29 1

“ ” n Some of our nam as PABmB brow ish. es, ,

EA r s n am fo m as R D, WILD, p e e t the very s e r that in the l e In somc cases the used anguag . c ddcd to ro er names ma be from this a — p p y origin thus Mi Li s and WILLS may be W tractions of Mi Lms and ILLIs.

' i m in the Old Norse lan ua as in a si t es g ga p ,

om r az m m a r as e . In h o p oc , for ed fro p , p r

— mm s a z . SIG E y re n n p , cor po di g with Bri i, D me a o te ann e la n o sd y N t , which I c ot xp i , Leofs nam of a c st r y, the e bishop of Wor e e, 24o n our Lo vESEY and Li vESEv n , whe ce , is,

n f om m nu . ame s I thi k, r this di i tive N s corre n n n e e man rm are Luibisi 9th po di g i th G r fo ,

— “ ” “ ” certain that both lovescy and loveys may sometimes be heard in vulgar use for “ ” lo vey. It seems

“ ” robabl t samc as wcrd u i and p y hc onr pp sh, ' 2 92 rAmONvmcs AND DnnNU rrvns.

m a that it ight h ve the same meaning. also an archbis hop of Nidaros sum a a a n a minu e o me T psi, pp re tly di tiv f r d ’ t o The n me s e a u a Mr . S o p, vig r. of t w s

Or perhaps her only idea may have been ” s - r e of top y tu v y. The diminutive in ct appears to be of man n u n and me e xtent i i trod ctio , to so language to have superseded the S axon ec us w t in ea of the in . Th e use linnc st d x lineae B i s a n nual ten a . ut S . there co ti among the uneducated to mbsti tuH

Jeam mm a mem r contribut es, of i ort l o y, the pages of Punch what he was pleased “ ”— a sonnick he merely substituted one dii an e us en or ear tive for oth r. Let th f b

118 Another diminutive of Norman introdu r c This is never fo und e is p obably co k.

its ei a inutiv ject have di uted b ng dim e. Lowu I think is undoubtedl ri ht in , , y g

DIMINUTIVEB.

- - ivel th A a l the An Sax. s ect e n S x . t p y g y , g he D i n ial lilo and t an. l lle or r . , p ovi c The sense in which the various dimi nutives above- cited are applied according to the c rcums an ces of the as S me imes the i t c e. o t — diminutive merely expresses smallness some — times it implies affection an d sometimes the sense is a of e m us en Mr th t cont pt. Th wh . a era e i e two small clu sn bs he Th ck y d p ct d b o , — christened them unconscious no doubt of e m o — l ty ol gy Wiggles and Wagg es. S 2 9 5 PHYSICAL CHARAC TERISTIC .

C H A P T E R X I V .

ru m DR IVE!) “ 0“ PHYSICAL 011 W !“

This chapter introduces us to a new class of — names those which for the most part have s been originally besto wed as surname . The bearing the same baptismal name would be that derived from some marked difference in their n a a an e e es us one of the perso al ppe r ce. B d giv

a s l a ons one of m was po t es to the Old S x , who all the sa s n on la Hewald c ed, for ke of di ti cti , b ck , ' and e Hewald r m the diﬂ erent the other whit , f o l r of their a s bri s us a the co o h ir . Thi ng b ck to ea 6 92 Bu n a as the is fa h y r . t i smuch child t er ” of the man and a e are n n , b bi s ofte bor with al e ul a ies not a nam e en physic p c i rit , few es, v of th is class have been originally baptismal

be Danish blakket i - e ish Warra ia no douht , g y , in scme cases from Ang. 2 9 6 ru n s DEE i vED mon

The a n f m Wm'i ' rA the a S xo or , p W a rri N c and the i mnu es V5 , d i tiv TT and Wi i rrro cx suf ient WHI LE, , ﬁc this BLANK and BLANCH may be

r nc bla nc or from An - Sax. bl F e h , the g o e bla nkr e e ferr n a r N rs , whit , r i g to h i l n TT BLANon Err an p exio . BLANKE , , CHARD are more probably from the though the te rmination of the latt n ou e D Gothic origi . I —d bt wh ther name of this class it was a very

n o- a n name men and A gl S xo , both of whereas a person who can fairly be ca un ommo is very c n. There are other — Then we have BROWN a name w serves far more reverence than it “ ts m n ge . Talk of co i over with — g queror the ﬁrst Browns came or — Hengist and Horsa the second with and Hastinga I do not do ubt tha some cases a surname de rived ﬁ‘om con though in poin t of fact I have ncver

2 9 8 NAMES DERI VED FRO M in an Old Gernan Re do g with . BLAKE is pro a f m Old orse bleikr ale SALLO WB b bly ro N , p ; fr m An - Sax so lo a sall o g , d rk, ow. a e r er e 9 1 se al nam de I h v ef r d, p. , to ver es r e m curl n the air s me at eas of iv d fro i g h , o , l t, o e which are c nnected with a heroic sens . To the names there quote d may be added OE OLL

D kr ll to l S An - cri s Sax . an. o e cur ( , ) , CRI P ( g p, e man ur e and FEi SELL. But as e c l d) , v ry with a u ea is not a e —at eas not to the c rly h d h ro l t, — world some of these names thing more than a noticeable feature of appear to the French iSer c l e an ﬁ , whi h I ho d to b unwarrantable deri vation The Old Friesic has rrlsle a ur which at on se f , c l, ce ts the

d —we a n a an ume a. ver r zz tive, pres s b f i h ve ” ' the n un ﬁieae a ou ooll n l h. o , r gh w e c ot This has been supposed to be so called on ac count of having been brought from Fries M L R T ST S 2 CHA AC ERI IC . 9 9

* no deuht in h oic s n If then a er e se . the

to denote the free man and the e ul h ro, I wo d

ask can the root of friz,

n er rou SWAAP S A oth g p, , SWEP ON, SWABY, I ha e refe re to 2 1 as ha cor . 7 er s res n v r d , p , p p po d in the ax n Swas a an g with Old S o pp , Old High erman ua and a n the meanin G S bo, h vi g g of suggested the possibihty of its being the origin ' f e wa an as a le names s o th S bi s peop s . Thi is generally derived ﬁom an Old High German o si n se But m not the w rd gnifyi g wi . ight wis ’ do hke the heroism be a secondar sense t m , y Do we not know that even in the nineteenth “ ’ " century the wisdoms in the wig ?

our name LOW —and T c TA LOCK, whi h I “ ” canin e t lock. g, p If this be correct it shews that TAn ’ and its rou had a n in a la d t . 23 8 mea at ter a e g p, p , g than I could have suppoM 3 00 NAMES DERi vED FROM

la a —now n n ix Sax. o c , b ld co ﬁ ed to There was a Brichtric sc calew birds. ” o i 89 NODi N has t al d . D S b d ) C p. 7 . meanin Old o anodinn smooths g , N rse , , a The an m l es smoothnes h ir. root i p i

r aldne a wi covered thei b ss by g. Th Northman in the Landnamabok with a This mi ht be O name of Par k. g from ar ak a wi c orm et mor p , g , whi h f its y lan ua e— a ra con un ere combine g g p , j g , reik cr nes a —s ms , i c pitis ee to be the or and a f m i m the w d, th t ro wh ch co es ru u Our name PARROOR m pe q e. ight be from this source . Or it might be a

E l m - . al ro An S tive of PAR Or oc , f g “ ” m e an enclo u En ar , s re, g . p k. FAIR might be from personal app Or it might be the same as FAR sA and

- An Sax . o ra Old s arm a g f , Nor e f , t fa ir. e r of the ame Norse W a . s meaning

302 NM Dumvan mon

msn with this surname in the Ann l d . DICK,

Richm l mke mbe the Germd Dutch

ani In the roll- c all of dih of the same me ng. ameraims AD 1 5 5 0 e e a Leo oldu M , . , th r is — p crassus seu Dickius here it is explaine d to an i k This ives some sense to the namo me th c . g

h r was a iv mam Buss in but as t e e S ard, su ed , the Domesday of Iﬁncolnshira and also a Northo man with the same surname in the Landnaw

e e mus a e been a similar word bok, th r t h v s n n a s o u man en e uld me ig ifyi g t t . H c wo co the Old s bastio n u our name ooms Nor e , b rly, B — ! CLEGc is probably of a similar meaning O ld ' e kle z a m a ma — a was a Nors gg , co p ct ss t re

are l h An - a r d and the res ective t c . S n bd p y g ,

r dc n - rm bé An Sax. s , other g fo S H A T E 3 03 PHY ICAL C AR C RISTICS.

Lm is An - Sax l z a the g . y ; LIN EN perh ps the Swed lit n a r Im. Lms the Dan e ; , n a hﬂa all same es h m a And COB 'r is pro Old se h w- r a l o t ame as T . b b y the Nor , s SHOR

8m m ma be from An - Sax smel ano e y g , th r fo f S But rm o MALL. SMALLEY might be i n ' om a e fr m Old e amalz a s e r s e c s s o Nors , h phe d — (sheep being called small in comparison with oxen ) - and SMALLMAN might have the m i YN E t same ean ng. KL and KLmN are he Old or e klem es c Iclen man N s , Old Fri i , Ger Main l le e e is a nume u u , itt Th r ro s gro p, of whi ch I think the root is to be found in Old

e ad 11 mann n arf and Nors p , iki or dw , with ic are na e our s e le wh h cog t word pet, p dd , petty. and n t P E m it. E D E P the Fre ch pe , PEDDIE, ,

-the patronymics Pmnmc and M e sa and the imn u PBD DELL PIDD ELL Pm d i tives , ,

name p 2 69 ; and Puttoc is found 304 s u ms Dmmrsn mom

m se krbkr and G P S fr m Old fro Old Nor , RA E o

and Bum f m Old m brettr hwt ac ro No e , b k.

a e efer . 1 89 BUGS as a l I h v r red, p , to prob b y

r s ll e same wo d . Thi wi be b tter shown by a

o tabular f rm.

And n t Nu n“ .

- be an Sax. Ang g , id Old Non e bayy , to bend or stoop

O a ld Non e big , to en or atoo Bi o Old G rm b d p g , e .

u » on Ans- ﬂ bos , on Anglo- Saxon coin to bmd or stoop

cum m sn PHYSICAL cs. 3 07

o Bo o a l ff n orm P ppo, pp , prob b y di ere t f s with t s m — o the Mod e m ean ls . n a . e hi i g G r Bobb , obardt o u e o e o en PO B , P ppe, P pp , P pp l , P pk , p i n n names ar . or es o e O T T pg C r p di g B BBI , orn Pom oems Form F rm PUP P , , P , , o ,

e man Bobardt m un e ha rdt G r , is co po d d with a or e n n als the l or h rd. C r spo di g o with O d form bo Du baa boeve are a l Norse ﬁ, tch j ; , prob b y our Bore Bom v Bovmr Bovs 'r , , , , BOVILL. O S O O S en are a l s m l B Y , B YCE, B Y ON th prob b y i p y “ bo an the same as En . d S BOYALL g y BOYEN , , c n ra e O ma be m n i u e . o t ct d B YLE, y di i t v s Boye an Bo sen are als Dan s r m d y o i h names. F o a s mila o n see m be and KNOPE i r rigi to KNAPP ,

- e m. An Sax . na a Kn e s f K a b . o g. p , G r Mo t o e er a e not een surnames nor these, h w v , h v b , a a smal but of a s r yet prob bly b pti , o t which a e en use in l c of e or nal name h v be d p a e th igi . Of names derived from bodily strength and a are 87 3 mm and T two ctivity S RONG,

s t r of and o S'r B ame in e cha n e a ORK. aum g , , u m be om the an mal is m re tho gh it ight fr i , o by the Old Norse and Old common in baptimnal 3 08 NAMES DERIVED FROM

m A - t s t be fro n . cr a m h Sax. mi w a craﬁ an. g g f , ’ But the na en of crafc was r n origi l s se st e gth, m meani and this see s the ng in an Old Germ. name Craﬁo was that of a mem of a , which ber no le amil in 1 2 1 3th en ur b f y the th or c t y . It

1 5 O oeetl to RAMM m ARAM and 6 6 . A D. pp — Om signifying weak both a and o being

WEAK LIN WAKEIJ NG a WAKELEY, / , I t ke it. a all ame mean n C f m h ve the s i g. RANK is ro A — cra ne o e Icm n ea n Sax . kr in g , Old N rs , w k, ﬁ And I ma be nn t ld rm. QU LL y co ec e d with O r e uilli inﬁrma valetudo No s q , . “ ” CLEAVER is no doubt the same as elem —but m re a l in its nal s n o prob b y origi e se. a e was a of rs nal v which, I t k it, th t pe o acti ity.

m nu of kl a om n of u di i tive gf . S ethi g the transi tion smse seems to be found in the eXpression “ ” of a horse bein l er- at his fe s L g c ev nce . C E

3 1 0 NAMES DERIVED FROM

are s m names as Foo'rE There o e , HAND, , c m be a en m &c . e BACK, , whi h se to t k fro dif o a was a Dan s feren t parts f the body. B kki i h nam Baoco an old rman and a is a e, Ge , B ck The name ac o a s a ea erman. Mod . G B c l o pp rs o s re m in the Domesday of Linc ln hi . It ight be applied in the same sense as that in which a rson with a lon back or a hi h back or a pe g , g , bac k remarkable in any way might now be ” ll e m be r m vulgarly ca ed Bac k y. Or it ight f o the same ro as erm back a n in the ot G . , torre t, of m etuo s Potr was the s rname sense i p u . u of a or man in the A n Is an an f om n l. d N th . H d, r ’ the names of la es as an o an s p c , H dsw rth, H d ” far t e a e or m ma be an ancien name. st t , sce to It m e e the ame as AND ight, how v r, be s , ANDOE, and an e m An fr m and l fe zea Old G r . do, o , i , l, s r . P its a ron m CO PSON pi it CO P, with p t y ics

O S o An - Sax COPLING eem to be m . C P EY, , s s fr g c the hea but more a l in the en opp, d , prob b y s se “ ” o f f e ﬁnd a chie . W o ork ere are shire. Th ERIST PHYSICAL CHARAC T ICS. m in om ases be the same as En ight s e c g.

l An - ax and erm ead on as S . h y, g Old G . names e a and B e a e not hi s , H dd ddo h v t

The names termina n in ea as LEA ti g h d, ” “ TH ERHEAD —ln s e as AK ENSID E—in bot id , ” tom as SHUFFLEBO'IT OM are as a eneral ule , , , g r , o a l c l . 3 1 2 NAMES DERIVED FROM

CHAP TE R XV .

u m com

As the baptismal name was fon a n and the su name by the m ar al d p re t, r i p ti — world so there 18 more truth m the latter than the f me e e esen the in or r. Th y r pr t honest ’ n on c a man s ne urs had of him opi i whi h ighbo , and are com limen a or un m l men a p t ry co p i t ry, as the as ma be e e are r - c e y . Th r fo ty two men in the Landnamabok having Helgi (holy) as a a mal name but nl ee a had b ptis , o y thr th t ac a s And of the quired it as urname. former there was one who had the surname of Gudlaun — Holy the Godlesf what a bitte r satire ! Though the general origin of surnames 18 110 doubt the necessity of dis tinction between

nam means e, yet always the

3 1 4 ru n s DERIVED FROM

' m a/rd uar an GODDAR r WARD ( , g di ) , GODDARD, , a T as a c u n lieu/rd perh ps GOODHEAR orr ptio , ( , ar are all l ewse a smal DUGO OD h d) , ik i b pti . s em to be the A - x d ut o u n Sa . u e s g g , g od, virt o w D us onora le. en e a e D O , h b Th h v AND, AND , D and D The la er are no u t ANDY, ENDY. tt do b “ ” the n we m l same as E . an but u g d dy, st ook ee er an the m m n n su d p th odern ea i g . Todd g ' e the Old rse ddznd i excellenter num g sts No , bo u —c n a e n o d ndi en e ( landi q id o tr ct d i t d . H c madr an em nen man Dan da nnsma nd , i t , . (our name DENMAN 2) Dando was an Old m a m ares e . n m and o o ano G r e, P tt c p it with er m name Da o If en the th Old Ger . — d . th n be merely euphonic which may be the case the r ma be the Old ddd u and oot y Norse , virt e, D ma be the am as D n DE D AND y s e ADD . The MAN or DEADMAN (unless in all cases a cor u on of De en am as a er in Notes and r pti b h , writ uer es s a es o be in s me ma Q i t t it t o ) , y be the

' are diﬂerent ms of TRU as Old Fries for E . trow tr oiw Ger a a m treu. TRULY is a disused ad ectiv Old Norse tmic r A j e gn t ue. nd TRU wCK is another ad ective of the same meanin j g,

An - Sax m ca ol t a d i . ram the g w, Fr es NT AND UAe I ME AL MORAL Q Es. 3 1 5

el eve O has the ame mean n a b i TR WER s i g,

TBIGG is the Old o e tr r ue and N rs ygg , tr ST o a l the o se tmustr ru TRU pr b b y Old N r , t sty.

and O T eem to be om A - fr n . Sax WARD W R H s g . ward and warm si n f n , both g i yi g worthy ; an m vaerdi of the m d Dan. a e VARDY fro g, s

m a l An - an n Sax . scir e i g . SHEER is prob b y g , ure r r m r m and CORLIE m p , f ee f o c i e, , fro Old

On .the other hand the father of evil might seem a e a la m D O D E v to h v c i to EV LL, — DEFEELL. e are names as the ALL, Ther

sach a meaning ; nor dO I think that these in

lle But r is u c Vi . the e another gro p with whi h m clasw We a e D and they ight be d. h v EVEY

for ame and Jane —D ano e m J s ) EVICK, th r di i minutiv L w d vek 1 — e o m. e . 77 and ( Ger y , p ) D v D E rrr a a hi . en , perh ps t rd Th E VOLL

w l o ' min tive ith t ie group as a fourth f sm ofdi u . So that they may take their choice between a 31 6 NAMES DERIVED mom

w came as HILLMAN (which is probably h

n And the l al LL rN c s wonrn ma . oc I

the om illin r sam m an n Old N g , of the e e i g, the name Illinge occurring in the Domesday of

Notts.

ame and e ma not nn s , wheth r they be co ected — y with this group MUTIMEB being the original ” m and s n n u a - famed from for , ig ifyi g co r ge , ma r mer n n am u as Mr or , re ow ed, f o s. If, . Lower saya thcre is a place called - timmin

3 1 8 NAMES DERIVED FROM

— deuce being a modern one and RA M GH is f T T an other adjective orm. BRA is from Old e bmttr m uous the name of a Nors , i pet , North bOk And BRAN'r is man in the Landnama . from

b - o form Of the same r runt u . , the S io G th wo d,

and o r s n s 9. . na c r e po d with Mod Swed. me ran n ALBON or ALBIN i h . s n t e B ti g , I thi k, same name as that Of the celebrated king of the m ar s o n or u n who Lo b d , A l b i A lb i , n u Its e ﬂourished in the sixth ce t ry. tymon is probably to be foun d in the Old Norse

to us u the enc as the have also thro gh Fr h , y the es A in and Al n S nam lb bo . FU SEY may a the m e n mean n or ma a a h ve od r i g, it y h ve th t

- r r m Of An Sax. is ea e r m h c the g f , g , pro pt, f o w i h the m e n has e n ra e FUEﬁ AN od r word d ge e t d. MENTAL AND MORAL QuAe ms 3 1 9

ueikle r and ta nd illr e c a le n amma le q g , x it b , i ﬂ b . S is a f m Old r e reslc r GRE LEY prob bly ro No s , — g g form a le HEW and RILEY f om An - S id b r g ax .

— O Old lollari an n len L LLARD, Norse , i do t per ' — nd SLANN SLINN Old o e sla nm son a , , N rs , m n SL1MM h slinni Of the same a n . mi t re , e i g g fer to slimness of u e but s as d oh ﬁg r , thi , v is a m ern sense of the r and the ser es, od wo d, ori in seems to be Old Norse sl ma to n g y/ , be i

— l s m an n . 1 86 ao a s Old e thi e i g, p o LURY, Nors léri a laz n—and Old En , y perso LORDAN, g. ” lur an e r a l m ame Ofhim d , p ob b y fro the s root , to be laz y. ' names r e r m ml n aﬁabilit Of de iv d f o i d ess, y,

TmsON Tn mm s. ese are na l su , Th ordi ri y p se to be con ra ns of m but ﬁnd po d t ctio Ti othy, in an Old a n name Thimo an Old Dan s g S xo , i h

Timen l am ind uced to re fer our names to the

32 2 NAMES DERIVED FROM

Old or e m u afri Dan ROOFER, N s p , PRELLER, .

Of the name r e from er alt s de iv d pow , we h,

— rich or powerful the latte r being the original sense RIEE IE seems to be the Scandi navia n su name i orme m the a ec e ﬁler r R ki , f d fro dj tiv . There are a great number of ancient compounds formed from this word We have RICHMAN

Richman and an Old High German Ricman

uote e n er. And RICHOLD q d by M idi g , cor responding with an Old Frank or Lombard name Richoald uo e r mm RRm q t d by G i . ARD or RIOE AR D is com oun e h r p d d with ea d, hard

c cor e n an An - Sax RECORD, whi h r spo ds with g . a u Benecken the same Reck rd q oted by , is ; ' and RICARDO has an Old Germ teI' rmnauon I RELL is m bald and N R OR fro , bold, RICHMO D m mund te n RIOR ER is t Ol fro , pro ctio he d

m and RI H Old er i a m. c n r y ; C AN , the G R hi , T AND TI S 3 MEN AL MORAL QUALI E . 23 — the ancestors Of the Nesselrode (Emily Em meri von l e A cus D . 9 6 9 Nesse rod , .

m An - Sax wold ld vali . O d Fro g , Norse ,

man nam and I o e n n Ger e, WALD E, c rr spo di g a an na an Valdi Ar m with Sc di vi ( . Isl. ) WAL

DEN ma a l An - Sax waldend y prob b y be the g , a l And c r u er. c res n s r WALDRON, whi h o po d an erm Waldrun F rsi ema nn is . li with Old G ( ) , compounded with the female te rmination run or runa i c mm in to be r en or , wh h Gri th ks f i d om n T O and T are from c pa ion. S RR S ORE

An o- a n and se 8861 rea and gl S xo Old Nor 3 g t,

nn o m fr m stér ea . EDAY l. f A . Is ( ) r ed o , gr t ,

E are f m the n l - a n A DY , E DD Y , ro A g o S xo names Ends and Red or forme om , ig Eddi, d fr cad s er n name of the roc , pro p ity. He ce the k, Eddistone on the le ra e use , which ce b t d lightho is u l r m s or are m un e a b i t. F o thi w d co po d d

a num er of n o - a n names of gre t b A gl S xo , which ave D E we h EDWARD, E MUND, EDGAR, DWIN, m m re co mmon as r s an na e . o Ch i ti s SALE, ar l from Old o se stall An e o a . SEAL, pr b b y N r , g S x s s and I a . l u é , prospero ; SEL G, SEELY, SILLEY,

- m An ax 81513 the same mean n . fro g S . 9 of i g

- l En BEEM Es are ﬁo m An Sa n breme O d. , g , g 3 2 4 NAMES DERIVED FRO M

” r m n mo And a u u en a u . m cr b i , r ow ed, f s B , e res n n a Danish name Bram in ax po di g with S e, ' is probably from a cognate on gm (perhaps

u - o brawn s len ur m OO ma S io G th , p do , po p.) R F y

be rom An - Sax r n n and AOAM f g . bﬂ re ow ed

l in m A - probab y most cas es fro ng Sax. metro, r n n m n a u m un s e ow ed . A o g the v rio s co po d ma n I FILLMER or PHILLI y be oted F LMORE, , he l m Filimer t O d . ull MORE, High Ger , f ” ” s l e E RT ull- In fam u . me o , ik FILB , f bright so com oun nam s owe e the m re p d e , h v r, word is o l o a l ro a l O d e mar u l. p b b y N rs , g Among names Of opposite meaning are OR EAE ORESR OR RIDS E e a onse , , , p rh ps H m orse M kr a or oor 6 n a ive and Old N , we k p , eg t or o e u i ﬁl r l. S s ro a l e , A m rich p w rf RM p b—b y fro - d or a r An Sax. an se m r E R g Old N , poo H A

Of names derived ﬁ- omwisdom and , W u nce are IS SE e a s E Old pr de W E, VY , p rh p VIC ( orse via ALVIs is a m civic N ) prob bly fro , “ all also the name of a

3 2 6 NAMES DERIVED FROM

o An - ax mund i m f is ro a l m S . n ul p b b y fr g g, i d — fr m An - Sax lea w a a u Isrrr GLEW o g , s g cio s g — perhaps from Old Norse {sati n prudent Fm DEN f m Old orse ndin n n en us s ar ro N ﬁ , i g io , h p —and NE UAM fr m rse ud uwmr witted Q o Old No q ,

vat/ru au us and D DULLEY m g, c tio , ULY, , fro Dan d ueli a a e m erm kun st bud . g, c p bl Fro G . , , s konst s ll art en are ST Old Nor e , ki , , sci ce, CON , GUST OST— ST O r es n n , C CO ELL , co r po di g with G la—Co s'rm a w an O an Old Germ. osti ith ld us a —CUS'BARD an Old r erm. e m G C tic with G . u ar —and ST an erm C st d CU ANCE with Old G . Custanzo fr m am or a ns All e , ( o o, p. thes ld erm n O . am are from Fors G es temann. Then

s ectivel the allwrdr and vellm dr p y Old Norse , ” all- lea n and ell- learn Boox t is r ed w ed . m is not so oalled ﬁ' om the scan tiness of his li ar but ra er rom use made of br y, th f the ood — g a he had Old r béklwa o - l a n wh t No se , bo k e r ed, notable fact in his day than that of being 3 m u n AND MORAL QUALITIES . 27

h same as D n F000 a l t e a . o wise. is prob b y fl g, “ ” — En fo u ill a m l n Old . si p eto g ggy, st pid, st a ne in a u ale ts and in the al ret i d v rio s di c , h f ” - S stu t An . l o T T r m ax. n an f e. s g gi S UN is f o g , ol s —O ro a l r m Old or e ova m' fo i h VEN, p b b y f o N s , ' ne e en e —Do ns r m Old o e ddrz i xp ri c d w f o N rs , l C ANT and GAP? ee m Dan do o rs a oo . , f s to be respectively from Old Norse gami and l e n n a ofsi mi a m a . and O g p , r i g GALLY GALL N are a l m s cili and olmu prob b y fro Old Nor e g g , raz n s mes n an na a u na . oo c y, both Sc di vi r So W m in m a s m An - m d Sax . o ight be so e c se fro g , of m m n n a r f the sa e ea . e e e 2 6 8 i g I h v e rr d , p. , to the nm e of Ofla Ufia or Wufi King of Mer a eems be e ui alen oaf ci , which s to q v t to or lac a a ea s to a e n not nu b khe d. It pp r h v bee — common as an early Saxon name e ven in ro a l n s n e name f e uen u r y l i e . A oth r r q tly occ r ing in axon m w D a We S ti es as Dodda or udd . find a Do a m n s er i — a d . D 6 u e Co . 7 8 dd i i t , d k p — Dudda slain by the Dane—s about 835 a Du a a D dd , bishop of Winchester and uduc of Wells (but some authorities make this last nam The e m n a e Bodeca. ) ty o m y perhaps be

“ ” d awn t all wo r En . do s . ell has t amhai c , g H iw 3 2 8 NAMES DERIVED FROM

n the o o c u e to a exti ct bird d d , whi h I s ppos h ve

be e m its ell- n n s u d rived fro w k ow t pidity. We

a e D D S D Dvrr Dorm s . h v ODD, OD ON , UDIN , , But Dote is a r se t Friesic name an d p e n , Outzen says th at i t is the appellation of a un l Our name DOTTCHIN mi yo g gir . ght r be a diminutive of s i s lea s us rathe thi . Th d to consider the two meanings of our own word ” — n r dote to be foolish and to be fo d. Pe haps some of the above Saxon names might have een ra e e e m the la te n and b th r d riv d fro t r se se, a e en e ms of affe As ar the h v be t r ction. reg ds s s at eas s ul all in m two bi hop l t, thi wo d f ore naturally with the general character of the name n e wo me D m. T o e na on s give th th r s, — B RIDGE and DUDD RIDGE though they might seem to be more pro bably the sa me as DOT TB IDGE ma be Deotric a LowGerman , which y ,

Of names derived from craft and cxmning

301 . se as the s e of of p. Pr t w urnam one the com an ions of the Saxon hem a dos p Herew rd ,

33 0 NAMES DERIVED mom

’ e names are T I a a n m Oth r K A N N G, p tro y ic,

erm. An d an an R u el G K t, K ter, e t , B Forstemann ma the c in Mod. Germ ( ut kes these names to inte rchan e with an seems g g, d to n the Old Norse a nd r a wol to be the thi k g , £ — An - l o . ax a ala In la n d e to s n . S . O g g , N rs g , i g

An - ax le als s es a ni n ale an S . a n d g g o ig iﬁ ghti g ,

be from A - m rr n Sax. a n U cil e a . g . g , pl s t, e y N NN ma be f m Old e na me NUNNEY, NOON y ro Nors . to hum there was a Nun man of I a ; , kins n .

n of esse for o e name can ﬁnd ki g W x, wh s I no e mon unle be the ame as other ty , ( ss it s

SON The Norse has a so in , p . Old l w , — to hum a mnu e of s n ia n as» , di i tiv y g , to si g p E T AND OR T S M N AL M AL QUALI IE . 33 1

“ ’ fr m Dan ri r —o r l cal m r o g, ich o fro igg ” ridge ) SONG may be from Ang - Sax sor ia n orse ser e but am g , Old N g , to sorrow, I not sure whether this name in the directory is n l ne TT ms E g ish o . GRA AN see to be from

m An - teari the same m an n Sax . fro g g, of e i g

ul or r m wear a - fa er —an sorrowf ( f o , step th ) d

m An - ealh of the GEALE fro Sax . ame g g , s

n SOLKHON is a l the An - Sax mea ing . prob b y g s lemn sul c find as the name of a o , ky, whi h we 8 1 se od . i . 9 . rf. C D p Names of serfs were given without much m n en had a s mal nam s cere o y. Ev if they b pti e , they seem frequently to have been called by ets m e n an if l m l men ar epith or sig ific t, ess co p i t y . Thus in the same charter we find an Onncum and an Illcum of name seem to , both which s

is an u n c mi mean o le — or G we , whi h ght j y ss it

Onncum and Onwen might simply mean nu which seems to have something of a similar m an refemn erha s to the manner in e ing, g p p s of em which M owners became posses ed th . From mch an on in mi ht be oue cK g g , 33 2 NAMES DERl VED mom

c m o o om LUGKOCL m a s, L , Th e is name Teﬂ el e met l k at , sewher with, which oo s

ma onl be m Old ri e. w n i o it y y fro F s ﬂ , A g — was a on a le e a a a a . S x 1.wt b p rh ps he w it e so lun s w c Another is called th n of B t , hi h seems be from Old Norse blund to slee to m p, curs also in the Domesday of Lincolnshi re

' hence may be in some cases our name BLUN'r

— Among others we ﬁnd a Wurci this must ”— mean one who works just such a name in

ow re i l - n . en e s a Sne a e . 309 a Th th , ctiv , p a ha r an —a Ha el of the H gg, Old Norse g , h dy g

“ ” for the of their sonls thesa men id good , d

some

mode of accountin g for them. For we ﬁnd

3 3 4 NAMES DERIVE D FROM

CHAPTE R XVI .

”Am DERIVED FRO! OFFIC E 03 consu mer.

The ﬁrst place in this chapter is natul r of so due to the tille the il. Many of names with this meaning have probably ' inall a smal and not surnames g y b pti , . T is s an e m. or sa s M ern G Old G r w d , od

from c in the o n on el whi h, pi i of Ad the a ons e e e nam S x d riv th ir e. Hence ma our and SSO the two la er al n SI N . (Or tt , o g S ma be conne e a u of SU E, y ct d with gro p e man na mes en o a G r giv by P tt, Sis , S Z eizzo Z uz of which the r n eems a , o , o igi s erm m . sitar e . we se ls s ee G , Old G r a , w t. ) e on n the Old r sp di g with Germ. sass is OEEIOE OR O T CCUPA ION . 335

” ob a l m the h was h . obo , prob b y fro Goth , Old m hub Im a l r e . o small a m High G r , p, ﬁe d f r . en our S HOBMAN SO H ce HOBB , , HOB N, HUBE a s S S HOPPIN O HOP perh p HOPP , HOP ON, HOPE, ,

name u e m m. . er . u G H b , Mod Ger H be and u e H p . On en er n the we ﬁnd T An t i g city POR MAN, g . t/mam a c z n one s Sax. or n p , iti e , who live withi

f e we f r ra a . o e we a e civic O ﬁc r If look t d , h v CE APMAN and O e el An C PEMAN, r spectiv y g. man and co ema n — Sax . cedp p COUPER and ' Old kau an a mer an or COWPER, Norse p , ch t l CO PESTAK E e ea er. ST ma d , oth rwise CAP ICK, y

be o m An - Sax stic a ece Of co e m n fr g , pi pp r o ey val e of a f a far n of the u h l thi g. Hence COPE ST who is now a m an r nce ma AKE, erch t p i , y a nce een a e small a e h ve o b v ry tr d r. CRAMER and are es e l the Old CREAMER r p ctive y Fries. w kra mer and the Ne . br amer a s o Fries e , h p e e man name n ke per. G r s correspo ding are

amer and am . C M Kr Kr er CRAM, CRAME, REA , — have probably the same mea ning the addition

of to bm traﬁi would in An - a . S x u c g a . make n i n a traﬁicker ST ma a word sig ify g . CO ER y

An - SaL costezr a te m ter But the Ol be g H a p d

Norse has kostr, the Old Fries and the GernL 33 6 Nm m DERIVED FROM loos f —and OST m mean a , ood C ER ight

u as OST O ST . 32 6 . gro p C , C , p The names defived fiom uades are genm fly

l r e to whose erlt ll e a ne M . w we xp i d by Low r, the reader may be re ferred for ﬁn‘ther inﬁrm ma n I ro ose onl tO refer to two or thvee tio . p p y

One Of the mo mmon of n li thrown. st co E sh — g nameS iS TURNER 0 ut Of all proportion —tofi e number of persons engaged in the trade and I think that in some cases it is fi‘om a difierent or n We find it in mc t as a . name bef r igi — o e the conquest a grant from Thorold to the monaste ry of Croyland in the year 1 05 1 S ne ig d, n The el has m r us. . ca e a turnament Ic , um a r turnari a l i ma a ge e, , ti ter, wh ch y prob bly s n As v e n am . e h w the origi of the e , how er, the Turner in uestion was a bishO fs cha la q p p in. “ ” his lt n mu a e n onl theolo ic ti i g st h v bee y g al.

33 8 NAMES DER IV ED FRO M

or u er and es not a ear c tt , it do pp to h in s a cula n w used thi p rti r se se. The o e for a a l is seame of w pl y d t i or n , hicl ” re a n the fem n n in em r s t i i i e s pst e s. m be our au na —if ay S , SEYMOUR

Si ima . 2 1 4 . na e with m g r, p Cog t a l r i s sema or s ma a ea e- ma] t i o , y , p c “ ” ense of uniting or seaming being s — in both I think that our name Sr

To the different names signifying sh we ma ro a l add y p b b y SCORE, SHORE, S ” m the A - f n Sax . scam a sheer ro g , . I do not think that WAGNER is the waggoner it seems more probably t

' x wa nere an en cer. o Sa . S W g , ti HEEI be fr m hweole re a v ner and o , di i . not e name of a trad . and TI H E v TICKNOR C NEB. are e ide ame name and ma a l be s , y both prob b y the Du teekenaa r a a or to tch , dr wer K Ja cx awm JACKMAB JAC , JAGO, , M AN AGG ro ba hl si nif hunte r J m p y g y ,

orse a a e rm. and Du c a en N j g , G t h j g , T I 3 OFFICE OR OCCUPA ON . 3 9

“ have a relic of the sense in our word j ockey

Turning to the names derived from ecclesias al of es we ave IS i as a na me tic ﬁc h B HOP, wh ch ma be ol er s i see an an . 2 7 y d th Chri t ity , p 2 . Any suggestions as to the meaning of the o ld Saxon name Biscop must be merely specula e be connec e tiv . It might t d with the Old esic briskz h to a o n or a n Or . m Fri ﬁ , pp i t, d i it ight

be o m the - ba h a r An Sax. t ac e e and fr g , b l t, scé c ea r the a ele was the re a o p , r to ; br c t w rd f “ ” al u and s ns of ra e e s a mmo v o r, di pe er b c l t co n al e n for a n e a o r of poetic xpressio pri c , cre t ” a el s is a e s ra fo a ea et br c et l ss t ight rw rd id , y the dispenser of brac ele ts is i n a sense the creator of Or as c ea r a so m em. ean o th r to , l s p et,

those old days poets got bracelets as well as And was no t enea the n warriors. it b th dig ity o nc rac e the en le art f a pri e to p tis g t .

E T is the An - Sa x reod and PRI S . PBEST g p , r s" is a li t le u u the Old Norse p e . It t c rio s that the only man called PRES’T in the directo ry ’ for 1 85 7 zs a priest Pnenn d a

- i a l m An Sax. ren a r . n prob b y fro g p , p est Pre eurname of Ead berh kin of Ke was the t g nt,

I 3 48 OFFICE OB OCCUPAT ON .

usse but n a mus a e een ori S x, I thi k th t it t h v b ’ inal a man s This word en s n o g ly name. ter i t s me Old rman a mal names as o Ge b ptis , WALDE m o GRA VE fr we ld e . S u , o , pow r MAR H, th gh a in m w s al ma be som prob bly ost o e loc , y e m s fr m Dan ma rsk a ma al a contrac ti e o . , rsh , ” n l a i n a re en of ma rska lk. Se esca t o , I pp h d, , “ s a Mr o er sa s is no w lel cor tew rd, . L w y vi y ” ru ted to S But we a e also p SNA HALL. h v in the ec or an d SENESCAL SENEGAL dir t y, . ra h r comm n i n n o nsh e is a t e o Li c l ir . This o man n ou a e en w rd of Ger origi . th gh I ppr h d of la e a is Norman in troduction. The tt r p rt no ou r m solici t/c a e an the o me d bt f o , s rv t f r r

a n r a l r m si mi n u . p rt I thi k p ob b y f o , se se, tho ght ' 1 here are a number 01 names which signify

en o or messen . u are N S v y ger S ch SA D , SANDY, SA NDos SANDnuAN SA N , SANDER, , SANDELL, i rim N Of ese SaNDAL Si NDn . D , SANDEN , n th SANDY and SANDER have always been con s e e u n e ne usl as con id r d, tho gh I thi k rro o y, l S n a n e an . n tr ctio s of A x der SAND , correspo di g

m an is - S sa n on An ax. a . d e with Ger S d , the g , s n a memen er the me . a as a e t, g SANDY is s Saudi in the Dom a Y r and s esd y of orkshi e, thi ’ is evidently a man s name formed by a usual o m sa nd a messen er a ~ pr cess fro . g , hy the ddi n i is the Old man name tio of . SANDOE Ger

' orri cs on occ urA rwN. 8 4 ?

same as in so n escen an . TT g, , d d t ) PO LE c e n s o n us onn orr spo d with B , B , BUDDLE, P Sa ALL. And OTIPHEB SANDELL, with

SA ND IF EB 3 4 4 . , p e n we a e PETIFBR ms to be Th h v , which see a And ﬁn n a so the same as Pori rn n . di g l “ Parm ns w seems to mean rus , which t ty ” messen and o s on s the re n ger. c rre p d with T 3 4 4 are led to n u re e e bodi, p . , we i q i wh th r som of the u P ' ' T e gro p UI , which , 303 a e ass ne to a fferen o n p. , I h v ig d di t rigi , ma not e o o The name Putts of n t s . y b l g thi , s one of Ro s e and the o e two bishop , che t r. th r of oul be na u all e la n as Hereford , w d t r y xp i ed messenger or apostle Tho ugh the former mean n a of smal ne ss ic is cloml i g, th t l (wh h y o allied to affection) w uld not be less suitable. Many o f the above we ﬁnd as early baptis mal names and in that case the sens e is ro~ , p “ " of o w o ssues bably rather that ne h i an edict. Thus Bo do and Bodic were names of Old (co m — tinental) Saxo n princes Bode was the name of one f un Blanckcnb D 1 082 o er A . the co ts of g,

- and an Old man name Poto High Ger . e also en er in o a o us co m unds of Th y t t v ri po , we a e BUDDRICB orre s n n which h v , c po di g with a m e h rm mi nion— o cor Ger . B dric , , do Bo m

35 0 S TH E ssA NAME FROM .

V . CH AP TER. X II

NAi rns raox Tin; an , AND ra n an

While the Gothic tribes were we the ea or e n f e s gr t N th r or st , they names from the objects which were em The no ler Of the en a th there . b v g the ea the olf the oar—we b r, w , b ’ — the Teuton s favourite types the c he o e and the s o whic whi h l v d, w rd ” him as au e a d ght r. But it was a newlife when they o a s e new or zon o w ter edg . A h i pen — view newvisions stirred their mir

un e r e t e a n v n Sh h t becam h d ri g iki g. — Of pi racy tramed thei r wing s and t TH E S u rn 35 1 AND EA .

r ll s s wo s w all a a e and s rd ith ces . ied shor , cro sed r e u a the ol Of al s and Th y bro ght b ck g d C iph ,

- e e u Of the dark y d da ghte rs Italy. They aun e for n o the frozen ee and saw l ch d th i t d p, the a e at his so emn am o s and met the wh l l g b l , — - — sea bear hoary and grim drifting on his sol a a of ice e an an ien arr or o it ry r ft , lik c t w i n ’ h wa to s all And— is y Odin h . ere et the full — y ness of time was come they lifted up a corner of the e l and ee e n o the orl v i , p p d i t New W d .

a e o e lo n the sea a . gr v v r oki g , th t his spirit m l s n its Old am l ar o . m ight i te to , f i i v ice So e times he was even buried sitting inside his u s r s e . tr sty ship, with his good wo d by his id More freq uently his barro w was made in the s of s a urne u e o n A hape hip t d psid d w . nd so me — times with a feeling of poetry not found in — the productions Of Scalds that the old sea m slee the s un r e ma e his rover ight p o de , th y d “ - bed of the salt sea weed.

“ v See t e disco ered in the Crimes. h A ntiquities ct ” Kerwh and Resw c hes m thC Oimmm m Bosphom by ‘ M wn. n course s Dr. Dimcan Phcr dhicun icmon

’ the subject ot oi g}: Arche oizzlcal Institute “ mble m ﬂ e la e of sea- w d Ke y r ce in the tombis s remarkable ﬁct ; a d mih r un ge had been no ticed in intei mentc on the shoru of the Bd d it 35 2 S O THE. ss A NAME FR M ,

m sea and the n en s Fro the , i cid t sea fe ere are man names li , th y . Sm itself and SO a Dan f m , , ish or manner deri ved we cannot exac tly

ma er a s m an a a l which y p h p e s i or . n e the sea a d Norse salt sig iﬁ d , n ther ' a or forme from it - sa salti si w d d y , May not thi s be the word s en we call a still u e wh sailor s. name at any rate is most common s re and the Dan s ri and hi i h dist ct, in some Scandinavian names of al ere seems to a S tby, wh it be prop Of other names signifying sailor Old o e a/mnad r— ossibl MAN , N rs f p and T as u n FAR HING, corr ptio s of a u n mus If corr ptio , however, it t be one as the name u in , FARDAN occ rs day Of Yorkshire But many corru an s o v ancient. SOMAN d SAMAND h

TH E SEA AND LIFE . 35 5

curious changes the Whirligig of time brings round l We take our money to the descendant

of the old sea- robber to take care of for na o an ers a l m C . a o an l. n R so , b k , P ll M A ther RAN SOME has turned his sword into a plo ugh a and me am as a ma e of a ricul sh re, beco f ed k r g ural m l m n — ans mes dz Ce e s c . t i p e ts R o , Ip wi h Some other names are derived from voyage a e in a m e a mless sense as FABBA or tr v l or h r ,

and FABBY res c el the An - Sax r e . a e , p tiv y g f , ari a ra e e A and the o se . nd Old N r f , t v ll r f m orse zm nd i o f the FARRAND , ro Old N ﬁ , s n we a e ame meaning. The h v PHARAOH I remember mee ting with it in a secluded n of the a e s c and on n muc ook L k di tri t, w deri g h how the old king of Egypt had found his s But eas way into our quiet valle y . rel ing the name fro m the ass a ons of the s ell n oci ti p i g , it is nothing more than an Old German

n we a e NORFOR ic se m FAREY. The h v , wh h e s “ ” n - a n And the to mean orth f ri g . only Noa “ ” 1 a l no roa in the directory 8 pi ot. A ther name of similar meaning is Ru m or Rang es ' Old retkr m an ra Norse n w der, to t vel. There is a Northma n

Then we ha Amn l sl. w 35 6 S re s 85 A NAME FROM ,

HsMs s ro a the Old heansb r , p b bly Norse g , ' e n n to the orl cosm ohta And o n. b lo gi g w d, p c rre n wt a Hamehn HAMLIN , which o spo ds i h in the D mes a of Yo e and is a l o d y rk , prob b y f m Old o e beimalm r u t ro N rs , b o gh

“ ” arm — all e aris For amon the ed liter y b h. g

i at the n' esent polish his mannera as t is l day . I have observed in a previmi s 011m m no animal was held in such high rem on an ina an en n la as the the Sc d vi p i su bear. And en the Norsemm ene ra n n to wh , p t ti g i the s of the ic sea f un him th depth y , o d m e ore a n in a l u e u l mer an t a b f th , so it d s b i th h t — of the forest yet grimmer and haré er thaa

N MES ROM THE SEA A F ,

S an na ian name e n a c n rac tion of c di v , b i g o t ICH OLSON—and se n l on the r und at N co d y, g o th in an case its alue is nﬁn tes ma as wen y v i i i l, t ty Saxon or Angle mothers may have crossed the ra e res ec the rs in I not c . With p t to ﬁ t po t, do think that NELSON is a contrac tion of NICHOL SON is mo e ro a as Worsaae has it r p b bly, Mr. e se ere o ser ed r s name eal im l wh b v , the I i h N , ported by the Northmen during their early t n r ence h intercourse with hat cou t y. H t ey again have naturali zed it in the countries where e ave se e as n an and France— but th y h ttl d, E gl d far as I no is not a Ge man name as . k w, it r — The second point as to the value of such — descent in volves a physiological question as to the principle upon whi ch race is tran smit te d n o hi c is n t m rov n to en o ce e r. , i t w h it y p i t But ever be is not a uest on to hi c how it , it q i w h we nee a ac an ver rea m or ance d tt h y y g t i p t . An indi vidual illustration of this sort must be al a s ou fu u the enera r nc e w y d bt l, tho gh g l p i ipl ma be ndis u a le y i p t b . 3 5 9 AND THE SEA LIFE.

CHAPTER XVI II .

A large pro portion of the names of persons are derived from the names of places a large proportion of the names of places are e the names of e sons so a the d rived from p r , th t

’ ” Do s o — m u l s a v illa e and dd w rth Gri b i d g , it ’ ” r ms n Doddsworth is called G i by . The and Grimsby give surnames to other men in — afte r times it may be to the very descendan ts of the or na o us one al the igi l wners . Th h f directo ry may almost be said to explain the

“ ” in m s n es a alle low botto , which ig ifi v y or 3 6 0 LOCAL SURNAMES . been mad e as to the meaning of these names thus Winte rbotto m has been supposed to have — been a cold situation Shufillebottom has been ”— explained as Shaw field bottom and Hig ginbotto m has been very unre asonably pre s m to o r u n u ed be a c r uption of Ickenbaum. T r the ec r and we find the name O to dir to y, s R WE. o s Sns w I W R s , , S DE, RAMM, TARR, m Hr w n ' l the ae vi nus e o a d Ss umru . And al , p list are at once explained as name s of placu v o ners deri ed from those of their w .

e still hovering round the locality called aft r it. Thus when I ﬁnd that Wa s n is not an uncommon name in s m lan n rms We t ore d, it co ﬁ me in the opinion that Wi nder-mere is the “ ” lake or me re of a man called Winden

” man these may be the deseendants of that .

h o T u hl that of t e Teut nic settler. horo g y

— - - mafi ar ofifictfi he plants his dwelling in ths

“ ’ ” — ~ —a calls it — eag le s nest t not a bit of it

36 2 LocAL summons

be f m the man as Fox- ate» ro Old Ger C t, which mann thinks an er form of a n i oth G st, sig ify ng ue a so SPI'I‘TLE ma er a a g st. So l y p h ps be PI'I 2 24 m nu e of an er nam S T A . di i tiv oth e , p , r m s it a s ea oss l Asm’rrEL ma f o p , p r. P ib y y — s the A - fr m a im ar or n n Sax . me be o il igi g ,

mad e from ha o t t w od. Then there 18 anoth er class ofuncompounded mes h ar e fr m a fferen sourc na w ich is o di t e.

m n - Sax Mi uc 18 ro a S r A . sc S h p b bly HOU E, f o g , A 8. omes c ence ame as S . nd d ti , h s HOU EMAN

signs several charters of Bi shop Oswald We

u but Forstemann m m. un n Ger T o, see s to thi k principle of forming o ne word from another by the ad i on of a e la ns man name as d ti xp i y s,

Another such nams may be in some cases

f me d ﬁ' om h t a r v or ol , g o e, in a similar manner LocAL ge rma ne. 36 8

o fam . 1 1 1 are the name f communitiw p , s ily , “ ” ” as the all n s the ool n s un uali H i g , C i g , q ﬁed s by any geographical te rm. A imilar sort of name eems to be a of Ommane In an s s th t y H t , n the fam names OMMA NE whe ce ily Y . This

w An - ax Umm i ace as in S . an pl g g , which I ' n can fr m no in else han unma m thi k be o th g t g, not man few eferr n to the au of y, , r i g p city ih a an names la on s of a h bit ts. Other of p ces c si t — genitive singular such may be Hastings and s — a l u ell all eno n Cowe prob b y sed iptic y, d ti g n And man names of la es su possessio y p c , ch as o ell an er orman in Cum land R w , St g , N , ber , ’ are s m l men s nam i p y es. The name ST Wasr Nonrn c orn are s EA , , . S . m e e n a an a al are all or th ic l th geogr phic . They

' m na on a r or a n em the force of i ti , , , givi g th ” “ ” o from the as one fr m the s ne e &c . E t, o W t, of em s l e a n as BAS'ro or Some th ti l r t i it, onrn s v onrnsv O E B . l EABTO , N , d

o names Nord an N M d. Germ. d or Nordo, and th. ‘ Our names ST Os r and Owsr are diﬁercnt AU , , , f of EAs'r And OsrsLL ma be the s e orms . y am e o a m n ve A l . as the erm. i u Old G c ti , d i ti now ee to e a succinc l s in al~ I proc d giv t i t, habetical r e of e local erms most com~ p o d r, th t o e es mouly found in pr p r nam . 3 6 4 LOCAL SURNAMES .

An - S x 60 0 s e bccbr a e . a . B ck, B ck g , Old Nor , is m m e m ba ck a . s ore com on G r . , brook Thi

- in Scandi navian th an in Anglo Sam use.

Bol Bol An - Sax ld Old 6d a d . b , g o , Norse ,

is mo o mmonl fr m the a c v but re c y o dje ti e. such a name as NEWBOLD may be from the a v bo e. om a e or ollo e a ome Bott . A v ll y h w. P rh ps s me the l es a of a er as o ti s ow t p rt prop ty, p e pos d to Head.

o An - Sax broc Br ok. g . ” An - u n a r o u n Sax burns . B r . g . , Sco b r , b o k, “ ” co a e wi E b a re in the n n . urn e g t th g , rd , of m e u s As n om un e i p t o ity. an u c po d d nam i m a a e s et me m ( am . BURN so i s fro y , be r And s m me ro a l am as al m o eti s p b b y the s e B , “ ” in s en e . BROWN, the s of ﬁery ' u An - Sax bin bwh a cit or B ry. g g. , y Dan b a villa e a By. y, g . Perh ps s n e ell n as en all i gl dw i g , it is g er y w h me of e This is the ith t e na on man.

the Lati n M w n a camn but used gene

3 6 6 LOCAL SURNAMES .

- Old orse ora a a r all. ER Force. N f , w te f WILB R ﬁ' om the o l erm name d . FO CE, G r or Willibe g.

An - o r Yar . a ar Sax. u d G rth , G d, d g g . Old o se ard r an nclosu e a lace uardd N r g , i r , p g

a fence ence a farm- t a is by . H s e d. which the general sense bo th in the North of Eng

an and In the can na an un s. l d, S di vi co trie a In he u o f lan an n n e. t n G t So th E g d Ope i g ,

An - Sax e t b t In the r a . n u ad g g , No th ro or wa se ate y, Old Nor g ill Old o all ra ne not c . se il a s m u a G N r g , vi , ce saril con a n er as a s n y t i ing wat . GILL i gle name and in its com o un s RT and , p d GILBE I R co es on n the Old e G LMO E, rr p di g with G rm. names e and lmar is ro a l a Gilb rt Gi , p b b y f an o n ac n o rail m n. co tr tio g , co p i Haugh In Northumberland a small ll m a se ulc al un see 25 1. Mr hi , p hr o d, p. .

ot w Bu a . t it ppears to be M a differ

' bd 'm Ol o i d rs ketm . Mr , N e . “ that this is the most O sUaNA L CAL MES . 36 7

u te n am as in BAB N UM T corr p d i to , . he same form is found in names of places in r slan ere is so mm n a F ie d, wh it co o th t Mr. Latham facetiously appli es the rule of the ” a n amma mne u e in um to L ti Gr r, O q od xit enote a r s an ari s d F i i p h .

An - Sax M od Old ad . ko ud He g f , Norse f , the n of a el an e a highest poi t ﬁ d or st te .

- and ol An Sax . orse be lt a . e H t g Old N , grov .

- h a An Sax . o u mo . un . in Hope, Op g p , d Or s me a o a bl f om Old o e M 6 o c ses pr b y r N rs p, p,

a e . n e S BLENKIN SOP 8m r cess He c AL OP, , .

' A - S x and o se us u e n a . h . u Ho s g Old N r H so, d us are Old erm nam s o - an . e c r e n H i G , r spo d in o ur S SS and USS g with HOU E, HU , H EY. so Husicho a m nu e orres n n Al , di i tiv , c po di g our Hussrcs and er a s HOUSS with , p h p OO . The name HOUSEHOLD may perhaps be from

- a o vernor do no t d . An Sax. h l n g o , g I thi k that BAcKB O USE and huma ns are from a

a - ou e and a mal - use but fro m b ke h s t ho , the nam a and al The la proper es B ck M t. tter I not ﬁnd at sen but o u in a do pre t, it cc rs w d 1 “ ar D. 0 a e ofEd A. 6 0 Jaulf ch rt r , . Maltes ” suns is al oun in local name . It so f d the MAm and it is the same as a r-esmt , p 3 6 8 LOCAL commune.

- h u . An Sax . rst a . H rst g y , grove

An - in ld en ameadow In . Sax O . g g . g, Norse gi

- w l o An la c a akc or nd. In ks . Sax. g , p

an An - Sax an d Old o e la nd N L d . g N rs . LA D b itself does not seem to be a local name y ,

b t same as the Old Ge rm IJand MO u d d.

a m e man Landoin mam r y) , LANDON, Old G r ( , LA ND E Old rm I stri e l RIDG . a n f ) , , Ge drie, Landerich we m n on LANWEB Old , ( , do i i ) , ,

is also an Old Germ In nz which Fﬁ s —a r te mann refers to this origin henee may be LAN CE .

n —Sa w a A leah a me do . Le . . x a g ,

s - m s Old r nee a An Sax. ro Nes . g , No se , p

— ‘ ﬁollowing transformatiens Ihi m Fur

O S 370 L CAL URNAMES.

or ibwit Da a e . . n. tved a l a n Thw it N w , , c e ri g

a e An - ax tkwﬂan to ou in S . t for st, g , . Most

- d D n t t An Sax. an a . 6 orse f . té t To t g j , Old N p . Its pre sent meaning Seems to be a small But the r nal n a home ﬁeld . o igi se se ppears to have been that of a spot where a decayed s The or messuage has to od . N wegian and

tom rom Mm em c is a l the , f , pty, whi h prob b y

A - ax an l n S . d O d Tun o n. te , T w g Norse n,

ence a a m u in en e H f r ho se, which s s it is com in lan en a mon Scot d . Th collection of ”

us s a n . ho e , tow

- A Sax . wal In e ll n . m Wa . g e so cases it may Ol s wa l a ell the d e . s be Frie , w In it un

walalt An - a m S x . ld e . waﬁ a O G r , g , ner and c s nd s th Ol foreig , orre po with e d

ot Germ Wahl. Some her names may be LOCAL SURNAMES. 3 7 1

“ ” cent Some terminations of wall and

« i A - . n 8 ax . a . M e ell n la e W ck g , dw i g p c . Also

a ba r isa o ecess . The a te r s u ual y r l t the s ,

if not the in v - z ble can nav an sen S di i se. ’ ’

. r e md/r o md as a With Old No s , G th , wood This has been fre quently confounded with “ ” ' an al e er diﬂ erwt worth, tog th word . It is conﬁned to the Scandinavian part of Eng ” lan and corm onds in th d, p with wood e a But man the nam s in S xon. y of e which it a ears are not cal but ra old a s pp lo , ther b pti s We a e Wmow mal nam . s and T e h v WI H, corresponding respectively with an Old Wi o and a e man d . e m G r Mod G r . With. we a e e m Wi . r theri Then h v Old G . and here an vn Wrrnmucx Wither ( , ,

m iderich f i e do a Old e . W G r ( , WED

” ash m be h'om wood, ight U S RNAMES.

entere int an c ose calculat ns I d o y l io , estimate the number of local surnames at about one- h r the w l t i d of ho e.

‘ 8 74 GENERAL om nvam m

“ o s o which c rre pon d ur MELLICK and MILK. Of the er names ALE co re s n s the oth , r po d with l ilo l Mo rm E l O e d. e d. e m. e . G r Agil , A , Ai , G y ,

- l l 1 1 the An SM As al O d o se . 9 g g , N r Egi , p ,

B is e lo al from al a alle . EER a is c , d e, v y b r. p. d Pon wm 1 3 2 N is r en . 24 2 an r s ; WI E f i d, p ;

- l m un . 2 1 8 a an An Sax. prob b y g co po d. p .

1 5 4 k ﬁ a cow Or t m ld ome . i a . to O N s e p , m y be the same an Ol rm name ciri ﬁ~om as d Ge . S ,

meanin f o iant . 6 9 . But m g g , p m

of u m ho r 0 O of u Gut m . 28 . r a G thr or , p l al name O ma r bsbl oc G ODERHAM. Gm y p e y be refer l Nor iv to alh e md te O d se g m n , for the drink 1) Them are somt d Gm VA'rl ONs 3 75 GEN ERAL ossER .

me as an ade . 33 5 . ST a tr r, p CU ARD is the s m fr m t o art Old er . u ar onse ust G C st d, o , or , , an is A e d d And O E . n har . n scie c , C FFE the g “ ” u one 1 3 7 . Sax nam Coifi the . . e , vigoro s , p — NEGUS I cannot explain but at any rate it is — not derived from the beverage for the best Of ea ons t a the e e a e is e v m r s , h t b v r g d ri ed fro it, l Co n n o le r one l. e us n ca afie . bei g d N g , its i ve t r name is a ommon one in am r The c C b idgeshire. Take another list apparently connected with ea e — ST OW the w th r RAIN , FRO , SNOW, SN BALL, HArL HArLe NE T O , , S ORM, THUNDER, C LD, FOG M ST m Of e are r m a m ho . e t , I So th se f o y l al o n u E is an t e ogic rigi . Th s THUND R o h r name Of 4 0 and ST nam of Thor, p. , FRO is the e dw a ar . 6 0. Our nurser hero a fl p y , J ck Frost, may possibly have his origin in the Old n r ern m o ma be sam o th yth logy . RAIN y the e as Be in h t e name of an er a . 6 0. g , oth dw rf, p I perhaps upon the whole it is most naturally nne re in a n one m an co cted with g , r i , of the e

is name of one of the Valk t ur ma n the y j . ide s of in— e is an ld e male nam Od th re O G rm. fe e Mistila a im nu h Farstcmann t n s , d i tive, w ich hi k may be from this origin The etymon must ' ld - ist s be O cst . m m r An Sax m En . Norse , g . , g i t 3 S 76 GENERAL OB ERVATIONS .

is the same name as a Of an ohd SNOW th t , erha s a m thical kin f o D nma . me p p y , g e rk So perhaps SNOWBALL may be Of similar origin or lo bold ball . T a n wan , bold S ORM, g with S and STURMY e n n i the Old m. , corr spo di g w th Ger names u m and Sturmi mu a e the St r , st h v “ “ ’ mean n of the a n or the s tormm f i g r gi g, g e m torm Of O is an r . GOLD C LD, Old High G a name Coldus in FOrste there is mann. FOGG a ea s to mean a s m le n 3 2 7 pp r i p to , p . . HAIL

An - S a 3 be ha le . 8 ma ax. . Or y g , hero, p it ma be fr m Ha el the name Of a rf se . 33 2 y o g L , p , n n an And ' E sig ifyi g h dy. HAILsrON may be the Hallste in in the Landnamabok co m , pounde d hai r er and stei nn on e. ll with , h o, , st It wi be seen that some of the names in this list ate m the ea e but in an an n derived fro w th r, cie t

T three f rm r r all w rlike r G . he o e a e a tc ms A UE , 2 2 1 1 2 n he l o . 08 2 8 . A d t a a l pp , , st is pr b b y

3 Y N 78 GENERAL O BSER An O s.

Benn o

dimin- {n ic e r

13m m .

Da imcock ?

en we a e al E PEN] Th h v so P NN, PENNY,

which Forstemann classes with this g

It does however appear that ancien tly B was sometimes used as a contrac tion bot

r nci l 2 4 i e e r . 7 . p i p e to wh ch I hav r fe red, p

ma to intexe han e with Dom and refc kes g , Old Hi h Ger m ~ d m g m om, Ang . sam. 6 , j NE OBSERVATION GE RAL s. 379

M G man od . er .

T m om o.

Tom .

T on nssox.

TouKms. I would not undertake to say that Wills is in no a a n a on of ll am au c se co tr cti Wi i , bec se it would be in accordance with ancient Teutonic ac ﬁnd so s But s ll a pr tise to it u ed. ti th t ann t the o n of the name fo r on the c o be rigi , contrary it will be seen that Wills is not only the arent of Willi am hut of all the rest of a p ,

0 i i 3m n n is . 3 oss v 80 GENERAL ER ATIONs.

v Meow, ser ant. W ILIc oss.

W ILLIAx s.

As diminutives of Wi lliam have also bet classed BILL and TILL both of which are alt er fferen The f me refem geth di t words. or r is 5 7 1 1 2 the la r elf tl to, pp . , ; tte , which is its * ar n a rou is efer POI- s m p e t of g p, r red by te r l l m ti es to e . O d . to High Ge , ov rthrow

eu n a al a remarkn T to ic names. I h ve re dy how the An lo- ax n has the ro e ] g S o p p rty, by t

3 82 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

gives the appem' ance of a ltoman name Thus Scm o is probably an Old Gemn Sippq p 5 5 ;

orm M S ‘IT and CAM ﬁnd f s of ILE , PLA ,

Milo and Cato as Old German namesU Then there are some names which are to be otherwise explainei Not bnt that the g‘ood men of scriptw wonld be adoptc d natnrally enough on the receptien ’ But ul be aH of christianity . who wo d c ed

— “ after the s ff- nec e n Or Bals am mm ti k d ki g ,

— ﬁ — the temporiz ing prophet e r PotipM Of O aﬁer the kin of Basam E s se nce s gg, g

an Old German Herod Forstemamrdo , which

an Old rman a 36 5. BA LAAas is a Ge F ro, p

' Our anceston csrried this to ao cx M t whi ch sccms to GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 38 3

34 a not sa a plains d p. 7. I d re y th t 06 6 “ "— from the ancient root of ugly has nection with the king of Basan ; but its im or is an Old Norse Oe r W g , ho “ ” might probably be as ugly a custo mer as the gian t of the iron bed. It has already been observed that the ap

- Ol ha Sax. and d d Ang. Norse many such on accmmt of the confusion to which they ave ris thou h we still have a ﬁew su as g e g , ch

ma be s e . 2 80 a u n ge t d. p , y corr ptio of the

Dan s nam n a . Or of the Old er i h e I gv r G m.

m m an a l — su s e . 3 65 out m gge t d, p , ight e ook an But as D w on the Downs. un as a frequent a n and mea rd a r u n S xo preﬁx, f eq e t termina O T ON GENEBAL BSERVA I 8 .

O N An in the cal name S fr m PJ . d U H lo UP ALL, o a lace so all in Y rkshire orres ondi n p c ed o , c p g the nam sal in e en rea with e of Up Sw d , the g t

the hi m l gh te p e. As a aren l ar ial f ms su to the pp t y p ticip or , ch as CUTTING TW1 NI NG E IN DI NG it is , , H AL G, NI , scarcely necessary for me again to remind the h a n atron mi c reader that they are t e S xo p y . en e e are o er names the mean n of Th th r th , i g i we not m stak but the ant u wh ch do i e, iq ity of w o n h RI e d not . u are GHM AN which k ow S c , a hi c name and Y U and YEOMA N Got , O NGMAN , , erman names the former of 9 th Old G , the nt r urse do not mean : ce u y. Of co I to say tha our names may not be of more recent forma n tio .

3 86 OoNcLUSION.

Nor is their value less as a record of pas t e of u e not one mod s tho ght. Ther is of them but had a m an n n e — are a e e e —i g o c they r ﬂ x of a bye- gone age a commentary on the life of

fa e . our fore th rs — Dead and withered they lie here names — after column like the corpses in a vast necro

‘ ou can nl e and polis. At ﬁrst y o y her there, the l n s the l n a the ea u s by ike e s to ivi g, re d f t re l a —but n all 18 one ne a . of w y de d beyo d, d rk — — Look again look steadily look till the blindi ng outer light has died from your eyes o see fu e i d y u will rth r n. Here are — our Saxon fathers heathen and christian n and es and u l and r — ki pri t, ch r , se f the ﬁrst g — who came with Hengist the last who died m n em the — with Harold. A o g th Vikin s ter — g rible strangers nowso mixed you can scarcely

em out. B e and b e ou can pick th y —y y distin guish families and groups you can tell the ren e women and the child . Th re were some — Look a ain t hm is a darker corner still g . These ear—the m b great an—d the little a ong us ! Come out now and talk more humbly

ET E ND 390 ADDENDA OORRIG A.

A D P . 46. HODD, H D O, Hu m e, “ H ADmss is not a i n of H dk n —It is from corru t o a i s the Old m. p — Ger W or den ( the

ld m. Hathn with O Ger names wi, Hathwi ,

nless erhs s i n R 4 7 . U p p excep ﬁond m it is not pmbs ble that thm m from ' the Soa 9 1 the namc os god . p . .

TY The name ison in P. 6 2 T SON &c . . n , , T Domesday of Yorke seems to be more ﬁo m Tim a name m the Chmn

- Farst has Old Germ names Tiso, and makes

P r FREAK FRI KR I hm su oso . 6 2 Fa O t o. d th t . , , , pp n

who m :

h n n Fr k Fris e name of the Bth ant ce t m d ic a ok ,

m o -am M mfe to the are Mod. Co n god

3 56 . he tho Old Germ. 1 ADDENDA ET OORRIGENDA. 39

BIL h m of the oddem Bil P L bc. e na e L, I L, T g ' Grimm ex lain to mean mi m lacid d ao. To p s , p this ety B ot s m to Bilo i in Pil une &c . but doa n ee , ll g, l , , e d So e of e com connect themwi th th go dess. m th oun s ho wever fo rme with rim ﬁerce Add p d , , ( d g , , , war M a in ver bodl with this mea i , ), f ll y y n ng, and erha s the derivation which have (e d p p I , w r 1 1 3 from AII . Sax an axe s o ma , g8 M , d , y more sui be for some of them articula l ta l , p r y as

moct of them scem to be Saxon . From onc of

these com ounds Bil rim or Pil rim s name of p , g g , the 8th e t commo in both ma bo c n , n forma y in some our m P cases na e ILemx.

V mu be d P. 6 8. To the names of the alkyrjur st ad ed

MIST . 3 5 P h MIST R m 7 . er E here so , p aps . ( ,

' P . 62. Am nna is ound both as a man s namc A f , ’ and a wo man s am - e the 5th the n e th former of , latter of the 8t h a ear to be two h cent. T ere pp roots —o n e h th at which I haV e p —r aps c su ested 6 2 270 but Fem. ro oses Old gg , p p , ( p p

— - H h Germ. ano ancestor the other An ig , ) g Sax.

the names of women such as M o re dis wo man , , ( , , r me oddem A DR DE the ld Ge m. na g ), N A , O rud co m ounded with the name of o ne of the d , ( p V r alkyrju ).

HONEYIIAN

Another uame with tha 3 2 ET COBRIOE 9 ADDENDA NDA .

oonsidc m to he ﬁo m -u m Run, F3mt. M m This may be prohable at any rate in ﬂi e m onnd B w and R m a the p a mmo o , (

Rumli eri l mhar h re an arm . , , e , y) name a o a female e - mi ht be a , f cuf, g

the names of women.

3 N I K N tx & Ni e cho P 7 C c . o N o O 0 , , k , , as of t Germ. names he 8th, 9th,

- m. nnmen. Fem. refe rs thom to thia cri in g .

P. 5 7 . — of the Sth ant h cena Sohl aml sell m hi od.

- Germ namee. M W to Old n ﬂ J M

39 4 m e m os m com m os .

4 011 m m .

- P 82. be the An Sax. G . g yne

Cm ss. I have met with the name 0m Idver ool whi ch is ust the es me as mm ( p ) , j

d e Km r, m. Some of thess namc are

root er or her a s ear. Km , y , p K l RBLL and Guzman . correspond with eri o and f o lo a diminuti ve of G Cheri lo, other orms f Ger m are the as i Ku mm and 0mm same G rv in, me mime strife . And Com ma: is the sa s our ( , ) a

ems to be 85 . Ourmvs se eom

wi t - ou e A n S x c . h p nd d h g a . lo i/Ifriend T e“ is a curious name C U'n m'rrox uote M Low , , q d r. er. Our name Mum s a I h G m t i be e Oid erm. y. nk, Mus in from "wi th cour erno o t , , age. And Q rr n erha s he same com ou e wi th cutie ne p p t , p nd d , k w , Two ot er co m o s famous. h p und are (Burrows m , (e ,

l r P. 9 1. Loom o m r ,

1 A s mi 4 , 03 , ng e deua Am m bs fmn m omma a m: coamom . 3 9 5

B — ox. Osthryth the terminati on being from the name of cne of the Va ur i s wis h lkyi j . Ar t o pro a bl th Old G o a e erm. A utive . y nsel , dimin

P 10 D H Danno nd B h 1 . an el m a . , en no, wit

which Fem. elm an no and enno were T T , Old

G rm names - the ﬁrst on recor ein f h e . d b g o t e 6th H e t l cent. thi nks hey may part y be referred to ’ the eo e s name and artl to some other u p pl , p y n nown roo Perh s the root cf all ma be th k t. ap y at whi ch forms the name of the le e dm' y founder of ‘ Denmar ur names D am gaim D m T . O e m k n , , ,

corres on with the Old Germ. Dann a anno p d , T , d m d D n o en o . Ge Dann e n no M r . an ann , T , T e. The iminutives Da m n T Dm s d , m ocx rres o w h th l G rm Danila e co n it e O d e . uil p d , T , Tannucho Dumas!) corres on s wi th the Old . p d

- Germ. Denihart and Beucard kmt hard An d , ( , ).

Darrow with ld Ge T lf A - 8 the O rm. hano , s.x. Denewulf « r l wo Hence also m 1 e wu f . ( y f, l ) and Tnmn h names in sox sox . Frenc g are Dunne D e] Denell enard , eneaux, Dan , e, ,

e Humans might be i n som cases H umbold. (Sec Hm ).

B u rma. The Old er . He P. 1 1 3. Han s, G m rilo, H u v e oril a imin ti e of Heri here an arm Mod. , d ( , y), G Here] Her H l m. er r . , l, h e

P o cor o Gm ﬁ- i l . W “ A n nd fthh is a om . a s, a

- the Old g man Ge i vu 6 th ccnt. , 3 96 w oman m oom ommm

AN Ha en occurs u m An - Sa HAO . x. n P 12 . ame . 1 g g ' t of Cadwalhs of W ex in a chu er eee .

is m 1 23. BM W . h na e is ro ab P. T p b l arfo ki n of N w Magn h g or ny. “u n common name in Deumark and Sleewick at the r t dn p m y.

5 CHAPTER .

P. 1 31. Bu m s . n W ham alm B B rather too E gliah. e m un Pm eud it ie hle thzt they n the eeme nn Old mBer m e as

' u s m the hear. P 36. o nd ﬁo . | Comp

to he included in thie list.

M v se t. eow, a r an )

(wh or l

at 003 3 1 3 3 13 3 9 8 ADDENDA 0 1 .

in t P . I do not th hat M nr is the . 183 k o fmrn i n d It ma h here amg e . y e the same as

- M ort the r hein eu hon ic. ma , g p Or it y he the l N se “ ort O d or new , sh . There are three men surn m in the with this a e AmL Is l.

P. 8 PADDY and Panmcx U on the whole I h 1 4. . p t ink that these are moet probably the same as the Old Badoco Pato P atoche A n . , , , g

P 1 P? d m moet o l . 5 LO an ln sn r hah the same 8 . p y as

the Old Germ namee and Loha, whi¢

Fem refers to Old Hi h lé a in . . g p, p

CR A P. 6 .

G ma he the same as O 2 9 . ann on m n 2 1 7 y e , p. 1 .

1 9 Gommmm a ho l 8. ocal h m g/ , ut there m an

Germ. Gold irin 9th cent p , , 00 m is probabl 9th can

as that be re

P. 200 IR an m ar hoth aucicnt nameo. T . ON d Sr e he E ET COBRIGENDA 3 9 9 ADD NDA .

H h Germ leid Old Sa xJ éd hostile. I do not ig , ,

5 I have su este that D u x m 2 . or 0 gg d , D ri u s mi ht he corru tions of th l G a g p e O d erm. e D ornund ere is wev nam a . h ho er a so an g T , , l Old G m Diom t rom di un servant. er . , f e ,

P 2 Germ Guthm is i n am 09 . ve as the n e f . y g o a i l W D h chi ef in F or. an s o r.

0 The termi nation m P. 2 1 . wed in O wxn , 811mm

P. 21 Cum Ga ma. 8. , m Fon t. makes card to inter chan e wi th m- d mo common in W g g , st est Franh ah

namm, and scema to think it another form of ” “ - hmd. Hence Old Germ. names GardimKar ther- i and K arthar 8th wh e h , , cent , enc may e our Gm mr and Os m a

2 (31 s 0!) corres onds with s n OId R 23 . p Germ Gw O Vida, 7th cent. And m ar wi th an Old

' P. 23 H m h t e i e an O Ge r m r i ld m. name 1. s m g b , l k a corru tio n of Here rt same as p pe ,

G e a r. 8.

I v M . n ario us wncient German dialects I t hink, 400 m o mma m oosamsrma.

a r occurs in the Boll f a tl Leofric. In m o B t e

of Le sy, ’

G m L h i Mod. Germ x l i er . iu is ﬁ s and e s ua , p m p me Henoe also another na m s.

' P. 26 3. Brothar m also an Old Gmm nm of thQ Bth

P The n me I . 254. a Um counted fo r as a

4 02 ADDENDA ET cos momvoa

' ' W ﬂ 0 0 were Old P H rr r do . o 1 . 269 . oo , oo , Uﬁo, O , 6 ,

ance remar i n a so that the root a b Old d , k g l ,

26 9. The name of the thinks may he from Exxar and En nsos might ah o he from an Old

' 6 P cc Accordin to Forstemann s 2 9. u rra g would prohahly he the l ame as Th tt ain inw Pru snd Prmrs. e la er ag would

c m witt a m 13 m . He h ge , m makes the root Old Nom btf mm mwg which

- l e m. enters into two of the names od in . O d G r names are Biho Piho Pi o Pi s Pi in mb in , , pp , p , pp , b .

d 276 . The name Saha, which we ﬁnd in Bede as uao

e for Saeheorht, does not scem to he a mm contmc hi ch c is merely tho of the nominati ve case was a Gothi name t 6 th ), c he c And h i c ent. Outaen as Bahhe and Sapp u w

names. This them seems to he a case of the l oﬁ

Sam corres ondin with a Ge Sahul 9th m p g m o, r a lso S a vm u cent. P o h hly a m m and B tms in {a A nd Sn ort ,

R 286 . N m 003 11102 14 ADDE DA DA. 4 03

ou d of the 4 t. M f recor th cen u cro to Goth.

1 4 . Ow .

‘

ve come di rectl ﬁo m the Fr-endg ha y , are all of

Ge m names.

P 9 Beo wrt. M is a o nssso . 2 7 a n (

l corres on in with an Old Germ. Ger run y p d g b , a s ear which chews the meani of th g p ) , ng e as ﬁery or

m P h t t P P un . he er . m in . 3 P 30 a , , M y w c of bmd ma hs from bsad r. hwge g y o, a

- P b i ld Germ. namea F6rrt . 304. The root ug, , makes

P Am Nor- ram Nou n“ ma he . 305. , , , y from a

G . 393. erm. ori in g , p

P 30 m he in some cu es a Fr-ankish form of . 6. y

d Ge m Baooo N rst makea A K. Th Ol r t 310. B C e o inte e ha e with Ba o and refau to Old Hi h r ng g , g ont Germ bagm to c end.

may hs the mme as the wpl i in tho Y M a erks. 404 awmo a m com m a.

. 3 19. Luasocs corres onds with G Li u P p an Old erm. hucha Hub ear Hence sam as Lrvwx ( , d ) e and

Lovwx.

. 32 . F000 s O P 7 might corre pond with an ld Germ. Focco of w i t m h Old B en e , h ch the me y e ﬁt, ﬂi ht S a intercha e with Gas na g . o m y ng , 14 2 and Gm wi h Gama which be o s to , t , l ng same r u as m 2 o G 3 0. g p a p.

’ ‘ ' 2 . te F o 3 8 Door) . Aooordi ng drst this w uhd intm ch e wt onn To He ang i h T and rr. ohserm that the mot is ohacu and refers to Old Hi G m gh erm. Then must he all derived sensea and the mot must lie dee er th h seoond p . I ink t at the ' have m u te that of aﬂection gg d , This

hahl a com oun of this li e the G y p d , k Old erm.

eih 8th cent Totleih 9th cent. hub ear . , , , ( . d )

D a n s a ur u s w e ak s Tas r , T , T , q um ,

4 06 ADDENDA m oom om m .

There in perhnpe no more ancient cr interesting nm e in the directory than CA‘rox ou or Om umwhich I ' tln nk may be the samc ae the catumm men ti oned as the hief of a mnn tribe c Ger it un.

Gﬁm DM ck m Z 460 ho s this name m , ld to oontd n the mmt ancient fom of M M

cla i m . Nowwe have a number of names ex

o We have m ono Cnx rrc CA n at. M O w , , ,

have Hu m and Gri m m —we have

WAY A AWAY and W , H D , CH AW A AY, for whi ch there are Old

And we hs ve anoth respond wi th this in 80 h t I mm. t a do fan ciful in the suggesti on tha t we

the time of acitu T s.

Several of the namee beginning with q are nspircted me of w T m for . o eo e of them l hm refermd w , . 26 md the name u h ich . 306 I hm p , Q m , p , ’ connecte with Olc rse mlli inﬁrma vd etu d q , do,

— - Qun .nuum ﬂi t WW With theee ie to be omi nected ua ntum ccrra ondin with s n Q , p g Oid M uc us o ( /d n, I N D E X .

am u mo l ri ht 90 ma eu 26 2 m z A b g . A d , l en 3 6 m ot 26 2 .M M 0 M l A d , A y , ott 34 0 Aldiee 30 ncrum 27 1 Abb , , A , bbe 7 2 1 34 0 rich 1 17 396 And 1 2 A , , , Ald , . , 7 ld ’ 6 me a n A ndge, Anders, 28 lett 34 1 Ale 373 n e rson 286 Ab , , A d , lfre 236 n im 30 39 1 A d, A d , , Alfre 236 n oe 17 2 y, A d , boon 7 A 223 n re e 39 1 A , A d d , Ahud 34 1 326 n el 348 , A g , Ac hc d 192 l a r 2 18 n elo 34 8 , A l d, A g , 192 e 268 n o 26 All y, A gl , 7 26 in 268 nne 7 All g, A , 6 iance 268 m 27 1 7 All , m

Addlehend, 263 Ade 26 Allki na 268 rmin 2 0 , 7 , A g, 7 ins 26 Allmen 10 19 Anne 96 Adk , 7 , , , ler 168 llnut 305 nsell 96 Ad , A , A , 14 A110 26 w 0 , 8 Annlo , 394 40 Allt 306 nson 270 , A ,

Almeck . 22 Almon 196 in 193 d, Apl , 6 2 Alp, A 193 ha 6 2 60 193 Alp , , um 206 194 Al , vis 62 1 64 Al , m er 203 194 A b , men 20 A le nrd 194 A , pp y , Amen 26 2 s 193 , App , met 26 2 A ce 1 A , p y, 4 08 INDEX.

Am , 1 92 r el 1 68 n on 19 1 A k l, A , rms 3 10 le 1 19 A , Ay , rne 168 in 1 19 A y, Ayl g, ' rnol 168 A liﬂe 282 306 A d, y , , rnott 168 ward 120 A , Ayl , Am h 16 vis 326 , 7 A ,

Arrend, 1 68 Aenl 164 266 Bacchus 8 s, , , 401 , 7

na l] 96 Beckhcuse 36 A , , 7 B 2 A sh, 74 edder, 34 Ashholt 96 Ba er 165 , dg

Ashhurtcn , 100 sher 100 Balu m 382 Be“15 A , , 1 70 A Bd ch 0 ehfcrth, 100 in, 1 317 Ash et l 1 Bal e r 4 6 k t e, 3, 95, d , 2 9 Bal o 1 7 d ck, 3 7 M 89 “ l m3 17 Ash 74 e, Ash n 101 Be lmer 3 17 , , Askmth 37 1 Ban s 1 34 , g , A l Benn 4 n ock, 95 , 1 1 A sman, 96 As en 96 4 p , n A n, 94 , 164 Bur 3 den, 92 38 9 ﬁ 2 0 1 396 m1 17 6 W , A t ee 1 3 l , A tle 1 26 y, 17, 0

Atti c, 1 1 7, 26 0

A660, 7, 1 1 7, 1 Atts, 7, 1 1 7, 1 806

I N DEX .

Buhbin s 06 g , 3 Bubh 7 q 2 2 , 306 Buc 16 k , 7 Bud 3 6 d , 4 Bu e n dd , 34 6 Bud e dl , 34 5

Buddri ch, 34 7 Bu e 34 6 dg , B11 188 3 4 “ , , 0 , 403 Bull 5 4 , 1 Bu lar 7 l d , 3 1

Bulmer, 3 17 Bum 6 , 13

Burn ett, 136 i e 16 Br d , 6 Bri ht 89 g , Bri htin g g. 89

Brim, 323 b Brim le, 182

Brine, 297 s 9 w 9 9 Brin on, 2 7 Csd ell, 2 10, 3 Ca ron 308 lde , Cal 16 4 f, Ca 2 1 ll. Co umn 2 l , 1 Ca lo w 99 l , 2 Gu nn e l l, 64 INDEX . 4 1 1

Chnts wn 390 C ive 308 00111113 8 1 , l , , 6 Clivei 308 Conne 81 0 y, ll, Chattin 4 Cloa 326 g, 7 k,

Ghetto, 4 6 326 Chatwin 4 ier 8 Con erto 8 , 7 , g n, 2 Chen 8 1 Clam 308 y, , Charmin 8 ! Ce nt 1 6 1 g, , Ch e Cob 182 ear , 87 b, Cherri 88 394 Co o d 7 2 00010 1 12 306 ll, , bb l , , , 1 12 6 , 30 Cheese 26 1 Coc ett 1 73 Coon 17 , 86, , k , , 39 Cookin 173 Coote 89 4 g, , Ghee- me 8 Coc e 173 Co e a 336 o n, 6 kl , p m n, Che-se 87 000 16 3 Co estnke 336 ll, , p , b 37 Chu msn, 86 Coﬂ e, 6

Chesson 86 Coﬁ n, 317 9 lb 2 8 Chin a, 6 4 Co rsnd, 2 Ch 3 Co urn 228 ild, 06, 403 lb ,

Cold, 37 6 Chi dren Goldma 199 l , 8 n, Chillmn Co e 228 n, 8 l ,

Oh' 8 1 87 Chis 8 00111 1 12 2 28 i nau, 6 5 , i tl 6 0 Col ard 228 Ch t e, 1 l , 8 Chittock, 160 22 Chitt 6 y , 1 1 Choic 6 e, 8 mi x-int 389 o.

on n l 8 C n , 1 INDEX .

' Cum erbatch 233 Darwm 2 b , , 47 Cumber et h 233 p c , Cum er 233 Da bell 393 p , y ,

Cunni n s 8 1 g ,

3 39 Cow, 16 , 7 Dw , 166 , 246 C 9 ov en, 3 7 Co ar 397 w d, Cowi n 397 g, 336 183

Craft, 308

Creke, 1 69 336 Cram, 3 6 Orm er, 3 n 1 83 C pp, Cree 2 12 k, 3 373 Cream, 3 6 , 336 Creamer, 12 Cree, 2 C e 268 re d, C i 2 12 r ck,

Crickett, 2 1 2

Cric more 2 12 Devi tt 316 k , ,

Diamon 206 399 d, ,

Dic 337 ker,

INDEX.

o 6 6 F x , 1 282 Faw es 16 k , 8 Feather 6 349 Freak 6 3 39 , 2 1 , , , 0 237 26 1 P enn, 29 Fannin 29 Freen 282 g, , Fe 306 F s 6 rn, ree e, 2 8

Fernie, 306

0 Fretwell, 7 6 Frew, 3

Frcwin, 63

e 3 ‘ m 6. IN 4 DEX. 16

G bb 40 a , 4 Ge m, 17 1

Gale, 330 6 Gete, 1 8

Gaze, 17 1 Gwele 7 y, 1 1

Genie, 331 Ge har 320 b d,

Ceevee. 320

Gen t, 142 Gen t e 142 l , Gerar 222 d , G t 327 404 G en , , erhohl, 222 Ge 327 404 Gerich 220 pp, , , Gar utt 234 34 8 Ger s 220 b , , i h, Garden 224 399 Gerlren 220 , , , C 220 G are, orbeh, 223 ' Gol 9 9 Gerloﬂ, 223 dm n, 1 Garrar 222 German 220 26 6 Gol ri e 398 d , , , d dg , G rth 22 G 3 0 ar o . 2 evers 2 f , Gi 26 2 320 Gol win 198 320 bb, , d , , Ga le 2 1 0 , Gi bberd, 32 Gerﬁck 197 39 8 01 3 20 , , b

Gi bson, 320 an 2 0 0 Germ , 2 Giﬂhnl, 32 ' Garment, 22 2 Giﬂord . 320 Geri -ed 7 2 222 Gi 39 1 , , g . Ge r r 222 0 r a d, 111, 36 6 Gum m 223 01mm 333 y, , , 399 2 Garre tt, 72, 2 2 G c 22 0 a rri k,

- Ge rtiron, 220

72, 222

7 2 Glam. 202

222 Glaskin, 202 Garve 2 10 G 69 y , leed, 1 0011 G w 3 M , le , 26 4 1 6 IND EX .

9 9 Go re, 2 19 Gulbert, 1 M 8 2 w'n 4 03 Gull 1 80 1 9 9 Hal e 8 Gorebro , , , l y, 2

Gullen , 19 9 2 20 Ge rman, Halse, 82 Get- wa 223 399 Gu ic 19 9 y, , ll k, Go h 1 1 G 9 1 3 4 35 a nd, 7 ulliver, 1 9 1 11185 6 Goalee 17 1 Gull 199 , y, Gum oi 208 3 b l, , 7 12 Gumm, , 2 1

Gomell, 17 1 Gummer, 22

Go ulbnm. Gunn, 5 8, 208 G 19 7 Gunn l 208 ould, e l, Gout 35 G 5 1 , unner, 3 , 2 1, r 39 Go w, 7 28 1 Gow n 39 Gunnin 208 , 7 g, ' Go wn d, 397 Gowin 397 g, Gow 17 6 k, Gov t 36 Garwoo 223 3 9 , d, , 9 G ﬂ' 342 G h 0 9 ra , ut rie, 2 9, 3 9 3 8 Graham, 1 Gra es 195 8 1 p , B acon, , 281 Gretta 3 31 Ha awa 390 , d y, G ve 342 Ha e 60 ra . dd n, 1

, 47 H dkisa 47 390 n , ,

Hadrott, 17 B u rnt, 17 4

Harlan d. 96 ' Haﬂele, 352 Hansen, 96 1 2 1 396 Humli 96 , p,

Ransom, 301

8 4 1 IN DEX .

H 4 6 Hose 94 111113 26 6 odd, y , , Ho e 26 2 325 Hookin 101 11101 266 dg , , g , , Ho arth 325 Hotchen 262 Ife 1 96 268 g , , , , ! ’ ‘ Ho ma 325 Hotchh n 26 2 Ihﬂ 282 gs , , , H 3 5 Ho 36 367 , 2 me, 2, H o rn 33 1101156 6 6 6 b , 1 3 7 Ho der 83 Househo d 36 7 mber 25 9 l , l , I , Hol er 83 Houseman 36 2 1116 0 99 k , , 3 , Ho ich 313 Howar 125 ll , d, Ho owa 83 Hu e 335 9 9 ll y , b , M Ho ster) 83 Hu ert 90 In lmn 99 l , b , g , H t 36 2 Hue 325 ol , , ‘ Hol mnn 3 13 Huﬂell 269 y , , 54 3 5 Home, 2 Hu 2 Homer 44 Hu 325 , g Ho ne 17 4 Hu hmnn 325 , g , Hone 65 Hu msn 325 y, g , Hone bell 65 Hu o 325 Inh on 99 y , g , , Ho ne burn 65 Human 325 y , , H u 6 5 H le 0 395 oneyb n, umb , 1 1 , H one burn 6 5 Humfre 236 y , y, ne m 39 1 Hun 150 Ho y , d,

Honicke, 65 1 Hon will 70 y , 9 38 9 H 5 Honner, 3 , unn , 6 65 Hunnerd, H 1 4 Hu nex 65 ook, 1 n . Hocke 1 14 Hunt 15 1 y, , Ho e 335 Hun 15 1 p , Ho in 335 H m 7 Iv me 1 96 pk , u , y y, O e 150 335 Hum 367 pp y, y , Ho i n 1 56 335 Hussiek 367 J ac 338 pp g, , , k, Ho 150 335 pp, , J ackm n, -we 1 8 beb Elm . 4 Ib t, 34 1 I EX 4 1 9 ND .

82 Kinchin, K 82 39 4 Le thal-hea 204 indred, , d, Le er 122 dg , e 5 1 Le ,

5 1 87 1 Himell, w 6 2 Lennu d, 1 K 1 60 Leo 16 2 itt, , 162 Leonard, 0 1 6 4 Leopard, 1 . 2 Levin, 16 Li t 400 ber y, 0 Libbio, 40

“ ine 5 1 m , Li htfoot 123 g , iles 303 L , i 303 L l], i 1 97 L ly, 19 239 Lind, 2, . 320

o Innd , 39 7 Linelrer, 17 9 . Lin g,

e 1 84 Linn y, 6 Lion , 1 2 249 Liptrot,

Lava - 13 k 17 9 397 Irishman 309 , , , Km 87 394 1 83 is 404 , , Lox, L t, Kerr 87 39 4 Le 244 y, , af, Kerrell 88 39 , , 4 Lear, 50

Leath, 320

- M a ul row,

4 2 2 i N DEX .

Nisse n 7 2 0 383 , 33 , N 3 9 2 Ohme 254 ix , 7 , 3 , N 39 2 01111 195 28 ixon, 7 3, , , 1 Noch 7 3 Oli hant 16 2 , p , Noon 3 0 Olive 95 28 , 3 , 1 , 1 Norf 55 or, 3 5 Norris, 2 7 N h 63 ort , 3 Northe 3 6 3 y, 9 3 Notcutt, 3

No 76 393 tt, , 93 Nutter, 3 Nottid 393 ge, 5 7 Nourse, 2 N 330 unn, Nunne 330 y, Nur 5 se, 2 7 Nutki ns 305 393 Os urn 4 2 95 , , b , , Nut 195 305 Os oo 94 t, , , g d, 39 95 3 Om an, Nuttall 305 393 Osmond 9 , , , 4 Nuttin 305 393 Out 36 3 g, , , 36 Ostell, 3 N man 255 Ostermoor 284 y , , swa d 94 O l , Code 225 31 7 111 243 Pardoe s, 0 , 19 1 Ott 1 96 M , 96 6 28 Oates, 1 Otter, 1 3, 1 bo 9 o 96 O rn, 7 Ott , 1 Oc ma n 92 363 k , 1 Oust, I E 42 3 ND X .

Partri e 17 6 Pettick 303 4 03 dg , , , Pash 77 Pettin er 303 , g , , 9 P1990“. 1 7 Pettitrew 47 Pi in 19 7 , 3 pp , u 1 5 Pit in 30 3 P ma 7 k , 3, 40 w 5 Pitt 303 403 Fa son, 17 , , P n 329 Pharaoh 355 382 Pittoc 303 403 axto , , , k, , Phi s 26 9 Pitt pp , y, Pa e 34 2 Ph siclt 288 Pi xton 227 yn , y , , Pibua 269 Pood e 165 , l , Pic 227 39 7 Pe e 307 340 k, , p , , P rso 33 ea n, 1 P c er 258 Po lett 307 i k , p , Peddie 303 403 Pic erin 25 8 307 , , k g, Padd e 303 4 03 kcrt 25 8 307 l , , Pic , Peed 303 403 Pi c ers i 258 Port 26 6 q , k g ll, , Pee 225 Pic ett 227 397 Portico 266 l, k , , , Pee in 225 Pic i n 227 397 l g, k g, , Peers 133 Pic e 227 397 Poti hax 347 , kl , , p , Pic u 22 39 7 Pott 346 k p, 7, , Pi oc Patten 346 dc k, , Pidd 303 403 Pottin er 346 , , g , Pi i n 303 403 dd g , Pi e ratt 2 301 ddl , P , , P dduok rem 339 i , P , 301 22 9 ohn Pi e, 7 . 3 7 , 301

Pillbeam, 225 Pi rim 39 1 Priest 339 lg , , 8 P111, 5 Prin, 339 P d 1 m , 32 P h 78 Pro inc , 3 udman, 32 1 Pro nt, 32 1 Pmckard 25 8 Puddic 303 403 , k, , Pudd 303 4 03 y, , Pu lett 307 p , 6 Purchase, 39 9 Purchas, 3 6 4 1 42 13 0 1111 .

P ue 396 5 0 !“ urd , M 2 - 39 6 Put kin, M 1 65

0 4 M 3 3, 03 Bu m, 16 9

Raw 1 58 , , u i 319 | Raw o e 16 Q t, b n , 9 uai 1 76 re u Q l, Bu a , 158 uake 319 Q ly, e 25 322 Qn m, Renaud , 5 Quennell, 2 Reddiah, 29 1 i 3 Qu ck, 17

I E 42 7 ND X .

0 Swonnell, 17

S me 338 37 7 Thorbum 4 1 136 y , , , , Th 9 oma, 1 2 ac e» 893 Th r d 42 T kl , o ol , ack e 393 Thomn h ood 1 8 T l y, g g , a - ﬂ 393 Thu der 40 37 6 T gs » n , , Ta 9 it, 39 Ta i n ) 302 ll n , W BOS

M 404 M 395

Tu ba , 16 7

M uck, 16 7 h m 279 T m 10 u ,

M , 237 . 889 Tutu239 32 5 5 V on , 1 M 23 V w 1 67 m o ell, Tw 23 V w 167 igg, o les, 0 Twin , 33 Waddilove 1 1 1 W d , ee e, Wadd 1 09 Weedix le, W 109 ade, T 9 68 ysoe, 3 0 T 5 2 9 yson, . 3 0

Tytler. 24 2

' Uﬁell, 107. 140, 9 26 , 402 0 Uﬁndell, 1 7 Unm t 110 e , mh 140 27 9 WM 323 p . , , Unc es 400 W3 10 1 82 397 l . M , ,