VOL. 11, NO. 2 — FEBRUARY 2018

FOR THE RECORDS Researching and

Publications and websites mentioned in this article are listed in the bibliography.

Alsace and Lorraine are storied, often contested lands located in eastern on its border with and the . Alsace (see map, right), at 3,196 square , is about one-quarter larger than the state of Connecticut1. Lorraine (see map, page 4), at 9,089 square miles, is just slightly smaller than the state of Vermont2. Along with Champaign-Ardenne, they form the modern region whose regional capital and largest city is .

The historic Alsace Region was the smallest in metro- politan France, made up of two departments, Bas-Rhin in the north and Haut-Rhin in the south. The region features a large plain about four times longer than it is wide and situated between the and the River. Prior to the Franco-Prussian War, Al- sace, specifically the Haut-Rhin, also included the - ritoire de . When the took control over the rest of Alsace, it became the smallest department in France, and was attached to Franche-Comté and is now part of Bourgogne- Franche-Comté.

The historic Lorraine Region was much larger and con- sisted of four departments, -et-, , Moselle, and Vosges. The included the histori- ALSACE cal of Lorraine, Barrois, the Three Bishoprics (, , and ), and a number of small prin- Alsace includes the French départements of Haut-Rhin () and Bas-Rhin () | Map cipalities. source: Europa Pages, .

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS LIBRARY [ OPEN Feb. 10–11 ] FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 3

fighting broke out between Louis’ three sons, Lothar, Because of the long, turbulent history of these re- (Karl) the Bald and Louis (Ludwig) the German. gions, history researchers face several distinct ’ intent was that Lothar should succeed him problems and opportunities. We will consider the his- as with territory going to the other two as “.” tory of the region and how it impacts genealogical research. Distrusting Lothar, and swore an oath of friendship at Strasbourg that was recorded A brief history of Alsace and Lorraine in both French and German, thus beginning the language Pre– and early history divide between the French and German areas. The Treaty of Verdun awarded West to Charles the Bald, East Very little is known about the earliest inhabitants of Francia to Louis the German, and to Lo- Alsace or Lorraine. Most likely they were nomadic thar. Lothar was also nominally the Emperor of the hunter/gatherers in prehistoric times. By 1500 BCE but the had little meaning. became the Celtic people began settling in the area. By 58 BCE nucleus of France, and the nucleus of modern the Romans were established in , which included Germany. Alsace and Lorraine. This forms the original basis for the French claim to the areas. The Romans established Lothar’s territory included the areas covered by modern- and built military posts and fortifications to day Alsace, Lorraine, , , the Nether- protect the increasing agricultural production in the lands , Northern , and the German states of area, the most important being . Many North Rhine-, -, and - of the cities and in Alsace and Lorraine today land. This region, located between France and Germany, can trace their history to the Roman period. became a source of conflict that was not resolved until the end of the Second and the founding of the With the decline of , the Alamani, a Germanic . people, came to dominate the area in the Fourth Cen- tury CE. They renamed Argentoratum as Stratebourg When Lothar died in 855 CE, his territory was divided (French Strasbourg, German Straßburg), meaning again. Charles the Bald took Northern Italy, Louis the Ger- “the city of the roads.” Even then Strasbourg had be- man took Alsace, Switzerland, and in what is come an important trading center. This forms the ba- modern Germany. Lothar’s son, Lothar II was given the sis of the German claim to the areas. remaining territory, which included Lorraine and the Low Countries. This rump kingdom was known as The Frankish period (Lothar’s Land), or Lorraine in French.

During the Fifth Century CE, a Germanic tribe called For the next several hundred years the histories of Alsace the Franks gradually took control of the regions and and Lorraine diverge and must be considered separately. the areas that became Alsace and Lorraine were inte- grated into the Kingdom (later ) of the Franks. How Alsace became part of France Under (Karl der Grosse in German), the Empire reached its greatest size and became the larg- The kingdom of East Francia evolved into the Holy Roman est empire in since the fall of Rome. Empire. Alsace, as the western portion of the Duchy of , was a part of the Empire. The area was prosperous Upon Charlemagne’s death in 814 CE, the empire and peaceful during the of the Emper- passed to his son, Louis the Pious who ruled until his through the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 14th century death in 840 CE. With the death of Louis, intense a series of cold winters, poor harvests, and the Bubonic

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 4

plague followed in quick succession. These calamities were blamed on the . Synagogues were burned and Jewish were murdered or driven out.

Alsace became part of the battlefield of the 30 Years War (1618–1648). This conflict, often viewed as a struggle between the Protestants of northern Europe and the Catholics of the south, was also the first of many struggles between the Bourbon Kings of France and the Hapsburg Kings of . Catholic France joined the war on the side of the Protestants in to thwart the growing power of the Hapsburgs, who ruled Spain, Belgium, Austria, and the Holy encircling France.

The (1648) ending the war granted France most of Alsace, although Strasbourg and the major cities remained part of the . The treaty of Nimwegen in 1678, at the end of the Dutch War, brought most of the Alsatian cities LORRAINE under French Control. The treaty of Ryswick ended the War of the of Augsburg. It granted France Lorraine includes the French départements of Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle, and Vosges. | Map source: Europa Pages, . French control. (Brabant, , Geire) as well as several How Lorraine became French and Imperial Fiefs. The Duke of Brabant retained the title “Duke of Lower Lorraine,” but for all intents and The death of Lothar II in 869 CE brought chaos to purposes Lower Lorraine ceased to exist and the for- Lorraine. , Duke of and mer Upper Lorraine became known simply as of the Germans, brought peace and security to Lorraine. It was a territory that would be in dispute Lorraine after defeating Giselbert in 925 CE. He made between German and French rulers for the next sev- Lorraine a Duchy of the , later known eral centuries. as the Holy Roman Empire. In 1473, the Treaty of Nancy began the transfer of Henry’s son, Otto I, succeeded him as King in 936 Lorraine to French control. It declared Charles of Bur- CE. After a revolt by the Duke of Lorraine, Otto gundy “protector” of Lorraine. He was allied with granted the Duchy to his brother, Bruno I, who was France, but the Bishops of Toul, Metz, and Verdun in also the Archbishop of . With the death of the territory of Lorraine were ecclesiastical of Bruno, the was split into two: the Holy Roman Empire. When Charles died in 1476, Lower Lorraine (modern , Belgium, and Lorraine became an independent Duchy allied with Luxembourg) and Upper Lorraine (modern Lorraine). France and ruled by Duke Renee. Renee’s heir, Duke Anthony, confirmed the of Lorraine In the 11th and 12th Centuries CE, the Duchy of from the Holy Roman Empire in the 1542 Convention Lower Lorraine fragmented into separate of Nuremburg. The apparently agreed with

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 5

this arrangement and placed the Duchy under the French Bishop in 1546. The dioceses of Metz, Toul, and Verdun came under French bishopric by 1552.

During the 30 Years War, the Protestant German princes promised Lorraine and its cities to France if they were to join with them against Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, and the . France agreed to these terms, and the 1698 Peace of West- phalia ending the war confirmed France’s possession of Metz, Toul, Verdun, and much of the rest of Lorraine.

The next 100 years brought about the final incorpora- tion of Lorraine into France. The 1659 Treaty of Pyre-

Photo | Wikimedia: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Trim_Castle_6.jpg nees restored Lorraine to Duke Charles IV, but with diminished power. In the Treaty of Nimwegen, Louis Discovering Your Irish & XIV recognized Charles V as Duke of Lorraine but began incorporating its cities into France and assum- Scots-Irish Roots ing more control of the territory. In 1697, Duke Leo- A program featuring pold negotiated with Louis XIV to retain the title of Fintan Mullen and Gillian Hunt Duke but was given very little authority. Finally, in Historical Foundation, Belfast, Northern the 1738 Treaty of , Duke Franz ceded Lorraine to France in exchange for Tuscany. Stanis- Wednesday, 14 Grant’s View Branch laus, the deposed King of , was named titular 9700 Musick Road REGISTER ONLINE Duke for life. St. Louis, MO 63123

Alsace and Lorraine under French rule Learn about genealogical research in Northern and Southern Ireland in this series of lectures. As the French began to exercise more and more con- Session 1 | 1:00–5:00 p.m. trol over Alsace and Lorraine, the history of these two  Introduction to Irish and Scots-Irish Family History Research territories became more and more the history of  Using Land Records: Griffith’s Valuation, Tithe and Estate France. King Henry IV of France who had been raised Records a Protestant converted to Catholicism and became  Using Printed Sources for Irish Family History: Newspapers, King of France in 1598. On April 13, 1598 he issued Street Directories, Ordnance Survey Memoirs, and British the of , which granted religious freedom Parliamentary Papers on Ireland to his . Session 2 | 6:30–8:45 p.m.  Introduction to Archives in Ireland and Their Websites The law ended the religious conflicts in the country  The Great Famine in Ireland: Sources for Research and was in effect for 87 years. On October 18, 1685, King Louis XIV issued the Edict of , The program is free and open to the public. Registration is which revoked the . Suddenly, Protes- or call 314-994-3300. keep records. This caused much strife across France

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 6

Map showing the areas of Alsace and Lorraine that became part of the German Empire. Source: Wikime- dia , as Protestant fled as refugees to more hos- each consisting of three weeks or decades of 10 days pitable lands. Alsace and Lorraine were largely ig- each. The extra five days (or six in a leap year) were nored in this repression, however. The ability of Prot- added at the end of the year as special holidays cele- estant churches to function and keep records means brating the ideals of the revolution. Each of the 12 that many Protestant records in Alsace and Lorraine months was given a , suggestive of the time of survived intact and are available to research today. year3.

Alsace and Lorraine were both far from the centers of Because the calendar was created by the state it was action in the (1789–1799). During used on all civil records. It was not widely popular, as this period, France developed a system of civil regis- it gave only one day of rest in 10, unlike the Gregor- tration for births, marriages and deaths that is still in ian week that gave one day in seven. It also caused effect today. Alsace and Lorraine were also affected confusion and created difficulties in communicating by the Revolutionary Calendar. The calendar, which with the rest of Europe. abandoned the cal- replaced the , was established in endar on 1, 1804 (or in the Year XII by its October 1793 and began with the day the own reckoning). The calendar resurfaced during the was proclaimed. Thus Day 1 of Year I was equivalent period of the Commune of at the end of the to 22, 1792, but no records used it until Franco-Prussian War, but only in Paris and its imme- Year II. The calendar divided the year into 12 months, diate environs.

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 7

A final event of note concerning the revolutionary One of the provisions of the Treaty of Frankfort al- period is that the Jews of France were determined to lowed for French citizens of Alsace or Lorraine to opt be French and subject to the Civil Registration. To to keep their French citizenship. The overwhelming facilitate this, Napoleon required each Jewish family desire of Alsatians and Lorrainers was to remain to select a hereditary . France was the first French. They had become attached to the ideals of the European country to make this requirement. French Revolution and disliked Prussian . Most were not in position to leave and thus were The Franco-Prussian War and forced to remain under German rule. The 150,000 the Treaty of Frankfort who claimed French citizenship were required to va- cate the territory, with most migrating to Paris, one of The Franco—Prussian War (1870–1871) was an un- the other larger cities, or . mitigated catastrophe for France. Emperor Napoleon III was captured and Paris was under siege. The treaty Alsace and Lorraine in the ending the war was devastating. Bismarck and the Prussians took most of Alsace and about a quarter of The defeat of Germany in brought new Lorraine. Theoretically, the goal of taking the territory difficulties to Alsace and Lorraine. Under the Treaty was to place the German speakers of Alsace and of Versailles, Germany ceded the territories back to Lorraine in the German Empire. In actual practice, the France. Encouraged by U. S. President Woodrow new boundary followed the defensible ridgeline, Wilson, the regional government of Alsace-Lorraine stranding some French speakers on the wrong side of declared independence, a move the French govern- the new border. ment would not tolerate. Independence lasted only about 11 days. France regained possession of the re- So, where exactly was the border drawn? What is now gion, and an effort was made to make the region Bas-Rhin and Haute-Rhin became part of Germany as French. Germans who had settled in the area between Oberelsaß and Unterelsaß. Together they were Elsaß 1871 and the end of the war were expelled. Efforts (Elsass). The region around the of Belfort was were made to suppress the . Ger- French speaking and put up a tremendous resistance many handed the civil records back to France and during the war. It stayed French and became the Terri- recordkeeping resumed in French. Oberelsaß became toire de Belfort. It left Alsace and has never returned. Department Haut-Rhin and Unterelsaß became De- partment Bas-Rhin. Lothringen became Department In Lorraine, the Germans took most of Moselle and Moselle. The area became collectively known as Al- some of Muerthe. This area was combined as Lothrin- sace-Moselle. gen. The parts of Moselle and Muerthe that remained French were combined into a new department, Meur- Because the territory was not part of France for such the-et-Moselle. It, along with Meuse and Vosges, be- an extended period, Alsace-Moselle was exempted came a rump of French Lorraine. The Germans also from some French laws. The most striking example is took two departments from Vosges and attached them in the area of separation of church and state. Although to Alsace. there was (and continues to be) a constitutional right of freedom of , Alsace-Moselle op- The German territory became known as the erates under the pre-1905 arrangements established by Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen (Imperial Territory of the Concordant of 18014. Consequently there is a pub- Alsace-Lorraine). The was the governor of the lic subsidy of Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed territory. During this period, the civil records were (Calvinist) churches, and the Jewish religion. Public kept, but in German instead of French. education is provided in each of these faiths and their

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 8

clergy are paid by the state. Alsace-Moselle also has a Check Emigration Indexes and Books. different law of associations, a different approach to personal bankruptcy, and a different social security  Cornelia Schrader-Muggenthaler’s two volume system from the rest of France. Another unusual dif- series, The Alsace Emigration Book lists over 20,000 ference is that most trains in Alsace-Moselle run on emigrants from Alsace between 1817 and 1870. The of the tracks as they do in Germany rather alphabetical listings provide the individual’s name, than on the left, which is normal for the rest of France. birth year, birthplace, and date of emigration.

The Second World War brought more chaos and dis-  Jean Fleury’s, Lorrains Émigrés en Amérique de ruption to the region. Alsace and Lorraine were an- 1815 à 1875: Alsace émigrés en Amérique de 1815 à nexed as part of the German by Hitler. Alsace 1875 lists emigrants alphabetically by surname and was merged with and Lorraine with . includes the date and place of his/her birth, their desti- nation in the , parents and spouses At the close of the war, France regained the territories and began once again the process of assimilating them  Individuals who were issued by the gov- into France. This policy of assimilation is still in ef- ernment of the Haut-Rhin Department are listed in fect in France today and applies not only to Alsace- Clifford Neal Smith’s, Emigrants from France (Haut- Moselle but also to Bretagne, , and other Rhin Departement) to America. The were ex- areas where French was not the native language. It is tracted from registrars seven and eight and include the currently a bone of contention between the of the emigrant, age, profession, accompanying government and its Islamic community. family members, place of birth, residence at the time the was issued, and the destination. The Today Alsace is a French Speaking area. Due to the names are listed in order of the volume and entry proximity of the border there are, of course, a large number, but there is a surname index at the back of number of people who also speak German. There is the book. also a renewed interest in teaching the in schools, a movement that is mostly tolerated by the  If your ancestors came to the United States in the French government. eighteenth century, check out Annette Kunselmann Burgert’s, Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Finding your ancestors in Alsace and Northern Alsace to America. The volume lists emi- Lorraine grants alphabetically. The names are derived from If you find an ancestor listed in the 1850, 1860, 1870, both European and American records and include 1920, 1930, and 1940 with a birth place of France, but family members and home villages. in the 1880, 1900, and 1910 with a birth place of Ger- many, you have almost certainly identified an ances-  Ira A. Glazier and P. William Filby’s Germans to tor from the Alsace-Moselle area. You should then America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports determine his or her specific town or village of origin. volumes may also list your ancestor.

“Finding your Ancestors in German Church Re-  Visit the website “La France de votre Nom de Fa- cords” (PastPorts, June 2016) lists 18 ideas for find- mille.” This French-language site lists the distribution ing a European town of origin. Consult this list for of across the various ideas on how to find your ancestor’s home town. In for four time periods: 1891–1915, 1916–1940, 1941– addition, the following resources will be helpful for 1955, and 1956–1990. Type the surname you are finding places in Alsace or Moselle: looking for into the box labeled “VOTRE NOM” and

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 9

click the “Valider” button. You will be taken to a Links to lists of communes in Alsace-Moselle color-coded map of France showing which depart- ments the surname appeared in 1891–1915. To the Department Wikipedia link right of the map is a list of departments where the Bas-Rhin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Bas- name appeared, displayed from the most to the few- Rhin_department est. Clicking on the department name will open a new Haut-Rhin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Haut- window and give a list of the communes within the Rhin_department department where the name appeared. This tool is more useful for an uncommon name than for a com- Moselle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ mon one. Communes_of_the_Moselle_department Links to departmental archives in Alsace-Moselle  Finally, try the modern French Telephone Directory Department Link to departmental archives (Pages blanches). If you have an unusual surname and if your relatives didn’t move too far, you might be Bas-Rhin http://archives.bas-rhin.fr/ able to plot the data on a distribution chart and zero in Haut-Rhin http://www.archives.haut-rhin.fr/ on a town. Moselle http://www.archives57.com/index.php/recherches/archives-en-ligne Researching Alsace-Moselle Because Alsace-Moselle was part of the German Em- pire in 1912, its towns and villages were included in speakers. If your skills are not up to the Meyers Orts-und Verkehrs-Lexikon des Deutschen navigating a website, there is an easy solution. Open Reichs (commonly referred to as the Meyers-Orts). the website in one browser tab and open Google The Meyers-Orts has been digitized and translated Translate in another. Copy the URL from the French online. The record will indicate the “Standesamt”— website into the first box and select French as the lan- the location of the civil register office where ancestral guage. Select English for the other box and click on records might be held. the “Translate” button. This will generate a URL for an version of the website. Click on Finding the of the town (commune) is the link and it will open. typically not difficult. Wikipedia provides alphabetical lists of the communes by department (see table, There are two potential problems with this approach, above). however. First, the translation will not be in perfect English. Of greater importance, the links on the trans- The French departmental archives are in the process lated page may or may not work. This depends on of digitizing records and making them available how the code was written for the original page. If the online. At this writing the Department Bas-Rhin has link does not work, look at where it appears on the digitized the Civil Registrations and the Regis- page. Then find it in the same location on the original ters (from before 1792), and the Department Haut- site. Click on it there and repeat the translation with Rhin has digitized the civil registrations. The Depart- that page. ment Moselle has digitized parish registers and the ten -year indexes to civil registrations (see table, above). Civil registration, as previously noted, began with the Records might also be available through French Revolution in 1792. These records, which are FamilySearch.org. public after 100 years, are pretty straight-forward. They are generally written on a form in French or These websites were created in France for French German, depending on the period. They include re-

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 10

cords of birth, marriage, and death. Each category has require some additional work. Your ancestor’s town its own book, with a separate book for each year. Re- may have been a part of a parish in a neighboring cords are listed in chronological order. An index nor- community. Kevan M. Hansen’s Map Guide to Ger- mally occurs at the end of each book. Ten-year in- man Parish Registers offer the best way to learn what dexes, called décennales, are also available. towns or villages comprise a particular parish. Alsace- Moselle is included in these because the areas were, Specific records are usually easy to find. Just go to the for a time, part of the German Empire. A description correct volume and look for it in date order. If you of how to use these volumes can be found in “Finding only know the year, consult the index for that volume. a Parish using Map Guide to German Parish Regis- If you do not know the year, consult the décennale. ters” (PastPorts, June 2016).

The research process should be something like this: The differences in approach when using church re- cords can be defined in four principal ways. 1. Begin with your ancestor’s birth record and find the name of his or her parents. Then look for their mar- 1. Churches are concerned with , confirma- riage. From the marriage you will learn their birth tions, marriages, and burials, whereas the civil records years and their parents’ names are concerned with births, marriages and deaths. A record might include birth information, and a 2. To find your ancestor’s siblings, look at the index burial record might include a death date. It depends for a child with the correct surname, and then check upon the minister or priest making the record. the individual record to see if he or she has the correct parents. If everything is a match, you have found a 2. Church records may be recorded on a printed form, sibling. follow a written format, or may be a narrative text.

3. To find the marriage record, look for the date of the 3. Church records might not be indexed—it depends marriage and then the names of the couple, if there is on whether or not the recording clergyman made an more than one record for a given day. The marriage index. record will give you the birth dates of the couple and the name of their parents. 4. The language the records are in will depend upon the denomination. Catholic records are usually in 4. Return to the birth records to find the records for , Lutheran records are usually in German, and the parents. Then back to the marriage records to find Calvinist / Reformed records are usually in French. Of the marriage of the grandparents. Continue working course, there are exceptions. back in time until you reach 1792. Other research issues, problems, 5. You may discover that an ancestor came from a and resources different town. To trace his or her line further, you Researching in Meurthe-et-Moselle, then will need to look at the records from that place. Meuse, Vosges, and

6. Since death is an arbitrary event, the only way to Researching in these areas is similar to the rest of Al- find a death record is to search the indexes sace and Lorraine except that they were never part of the German Empire. Which means records were never Once you have gone back to 1792, you will have to kept in German. German resources, such as Myers move into church records. Finding the church may Orts and Map Guide to German Parish Records do

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 11

not apply. Civil Registrations and church records are digitally available these departments (see table, right). Department archives, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Vosges, and Territoire de Belfort Jewish research Department Link to departmental archives Eastern France is no exception to the anti-Semitism Meurthe et Moselle http://www.archives.meurthe-et-moselle.fr/fr/archives-en- that was endemic in European history. Massacres, ligne.html , expulsions, and the desecration and destruc- Meuse http://archives.meuse.fr/search/home tion of synagogues were unfortunately common, as were the destruction of related records.. Vosges http://archives.vosges.fr/ Territoirie de Belfort http://www.archives.cg90.fr/ Some records survived, however. According to an article by Daniel N. Leeson in Avotaynu, some pre 1784 Jewish records exist in Alsatian archives Alsations and Lorrainers who opted for (although not in the department archives). Included French citizenship after the Franco- among them are betrothal agreements. Many of the Prussian War documents are written in the Judeo-Alsatian dialect using the Hebrew alphabet which may make them The Treaty of Frankfort ending the Franco-Prussian inaccessible to many researchers. War automatically gave German citizenship to resi- dents of Alsace and Lorraine unless they opted to re- The History & Genealogy Department also has a mi- tain their French citizenship. If they did, they were crofiche copy of Daniel N. Leeson’s, Four Indices to required to file a form with the French government the 1784 Census of Alsatian Jews. This census was and vacate the territory. created when King Louis XVI became aware of the mistreatment of Jews and wanted to offer them a pro- The French Government kept records of these people, tected status. Local officials took the census so they in 395 alphabetical lists, which were published in the could identify exactly who came under the protection. bulletin of laws. Records give the birth dates, place of The census asked the names, ages, capacities, places birth, and sometimes the destination the migrants. of birth and professions of each individual. The pub- These records are available on Ancestry.com. lished census does not include all of this information, but it is still helpful in identifying individuals and Ortssippenbücher their families in Alsace. As of this writing, the History & Genealogy Depart- In 1808, Napoleon required the French Jews to take ment holds over 75 Ortsippenbücher from Alsace and hereditary surnames. This requirement created a new Lorraine, with additional volumes arriving periodi- set of records or declarations whereby Jewish families . A complete list is on the library’s website selected their surname. These records are now kept in . To learn more, see the department archives, although they have not been “Ortsippenbücher and other locale—specific re- digitized as of this writing. Transcriptions are avail- sources are rich in genealogical data” (PastPorts, Aug. able in book form5. The adoption of surnames made 2010) and Daniel R. Lilienkamp’s “Using Ortsippen- it possible for Jews to be recorded with French Chris- bücher to Research Your Family .” tians in civil records from 1808 forward. Alsatians and Lorrainers who opted for French citizenship after the Franco-Prussian War

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 12

Les Noms de Famille Thermidor (heat), and Fructidor (fruits). In Alsace and Lorraine, these names sometimes came to be written Les Noms de Famille is a series of French books list- in a sort of Germanic equivalent of the French. ing the most common surnames in the department. The book provides the origin of the name, famous 4. The Concordant of 1801 between Napoleon Bona- people from the area with that name, and other names parte and the Roman settled the with a similar meaning. breach caused by the church reforms and confisca- tions during the French Revolution. Among other pro- Handwriting aids visions, the government agreed to pay the salaries of cures and bishops in compensation. This arrangement Many records were written in Gothic script (even was later extended to the Protestant churches and Jew- when the record’s language was French). This differs ish synagogues. The French government abrogated considerably from English handwriting and is difficult this arrangement in 1905 with the passages of the to decipher. Two useful resources are Edna Bentz’s If “Separation Law.” I Can, You Can Decipher Germanic Records, and the FamilySearch Wiki (see bibliography). 5. See also Pierre Kats, Recueils des déclarations de prise de nom patronymique des Juifs du Bas-Rhin en Although the troubled history of Alsace and Lorraine 1808, Recueils des déclarations de prise de nom create a number of obstacles for a family historian to patronymique des Juifs de Lorraine en 1808: Moselle, overcome, ultimately, the wealth of resources from Meruthe-ét-Moselle, and Recueils des déclarations de the area prove to be a treasure worth seeking. Once prise de nom patronymique des Juifs du Haut-Rhin en we learn where to look and how to look, suddenly 1808, Cercle de Généalogie Juive, 1996-1999. These doors seem to open to us, and our long deceased an- publications are held by the Family History Library in cestors find a new life in our memories and our hearts. Salt Lake City and perhaps elsewhere.

Notes Bibliography 1. Alsace area is 8,280 square kilometers per Wiki- Books and articles pedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace (accessed Dec. 5, 2017). This calculates to 3,196 square miles. Bentz, Edna M. If I Can, You Can Decipher is 5,567 square miles per Wikipedia: Germanic Records. San Diego, Cal.: E. Bentz, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut (accessed 5 1982. R 943 B479I and circulating copy Dec. 5, 2017). Burgert, Annette Kunselman, Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Northern Alsace to America. 2. Lorraine is 23,547 square kilometers per Wiki- Camden, : Picton Press, 1992. R 973.0431 pedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine B954E and circulating copy (accessed Dec. 5, 2017. This calculates to 9092 square Fleury, Jean. Lorrains Émigrés en Amérique de 1815 miles. is 9,616 square miles per per Wiki- à 1875 : Alsace Émigrés en Amérique de 1815 à pedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont 1875. S.l.: Cercle généalogique du Messin, (accessed Dec. 5, 2017). 1999?. R 944.38 F618L and circulating copy Glazier, Ira A. and William P. Filby, ed. Germans to 3. The months were Vendémiare (vintage), Brumaire America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U. S. (mist), Frimaire (frost), Nivôse (snow), Pluviôse Ports. Wilmington: Del.: Scholarly Resources, (rain), Ventôse (wind), (seed), Floréal 1988–2002. R 929.3 G373 and circulating copy (blossom), Prairial (meadow), Messidor (harvest),

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 13

History & Genealogy at St. Louis County Library. Noms de Famille—See below “Finding a Parish Using Map Guide to German Schrader-Muggenthaler, Cornelia. The Alsace Parish Records Using Wadersloh as an Example” Emigration Book. Closson Press, Apollo, Pa.: PastPorts, June 2016, p. 4. PDF. https:// 1989–1991. R 944.383 S377A and circulating www.slcl.org/sites/default/files/06_2016.pdf copy (accessed 6 Dec. 6, 2017). Smith, Clifford Neal. Emigrants from France (Haut- History & Genealogy at St. Louis County Library. Rhin Departement) to America. Baltimore, Md.: “Finding your Ancestors in German Church Re- Genealogical Publishing, 2004. R 929.3 S644E cords.” PastPorts. June 2016, pp. 1–10 . PDF. and circulating copy St. Louis, Mo. https://www.slcl.org/sites/default/ files/06_2016.pdf (accessed Dec. 5, 2017). Noms de Familles series History & Genealogy at St. Louis County Library. “Ortsippenbücher and Other Locale-Specific Bernardine, Nicolas. Les noms de famille en Moselle. Sources are Rich in Genealogical Data.” Past- Paris: Archives & Culture, 2006. R 944.385 N799 ports. August 2010. pp 1-3. PDF Image. PDF. de Bergh, Anne, et al. Les noms de famille du Haut- https://www.slcl.org/sites/default/files/08- Rhin. Paris: Archives & Culture, 2007. 2010.pdf (accessed Dec. 6, 2017). R 944.393 N799 History & Genealogy at St. Louis County Library. Mergnac, Marie-Odile and Larent Millet. Les noms de “Ortsippenbücher by Geographic Location famille de la Meuse. Paris: Archives & Culture, (County, State, and ). https:// 2006. R 944.381 N799 www.slcl.org/sites/default/files/OSB%20list% Mergnac, Marie-Odile, et al. Les noms de famille en 20by%20country,%20state,%20and% Meurthe-et-Moselle. Paris: Archives & Culture, 20district.pdf. (accessed Nov. 30m 2017). 2006. R 944.382 N799 Leeson, Daniel N. Four Indices to the 1784 Census of Millet, Laurent, et al. Les noms de famille du Bas- Alsatian Jews=Quatre Tables Alphabétique du Rhine. Paris: Archives & Culture, 2007. Dénoumbrement général des Juifs d'Alsace, 1784. R 944.395 N799 Teaneck, N.J.: Avotaynu, 1993. Text-fiche. Millet, Laurent et al. Les noms de famille des Vosges. MCROFICHE R 944.383 L487F Paris: Archives & Culture, 2008. R 944.389 N799 Leeson, Daniel N. “Index to the 1784 Census of the Jews of Alsace.” Avotaynu, 7:3 (Fall 1992), 21- Websites and databases 27. R929.1089 A962 Lilienkamp, Daniel R. “Using Ortsippenbücher to “Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, French Citizenship Dec- Research Your Family.” PDF. https:// larations (Optants), 1872.” Ancestry.com. Provo, www.slcl.org/sites/default/files/Using% : Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Data- 20Ortsippenb%C3%BCcher%20to% base online. 20Research%20Your%20Family-Lilienkamp.pdf Archives départementales de la Moselle. “Archives en (accessed Feb. 7, 2016). ligne.” http://www.archives57.com/index.php/ Meyers Orts-und Vekehrs-Lexikon des Deutschen recherches/archives-en-ligne. Reichs. Leipzig, Germany, 1912–1913. Reprint, CONTINUED ON PAGE 19. with researcher’s guide and translation of the in- troduction by Raymond S. Wright, Baltimore, LIBRARY HOLIDAY CLOSING Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2000. R 943 M613 and circulating copy. See below for Presidents’ Day | Monday, Feb. 19 an online version.

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 14

Shelf life SAMPLINGS FROM THE PRINT COLLECTION Book | Ancestors in German Archives research in Germany. Those who are not able to go to You know the town your Germany in person may be able to request research immigrant ancestor came services from many of the archives listed in the book. from. You made all the Periodical | Magazine of History and Biography necessary reservations Founded in 1831, the months in advance to visit Virginia Historical Society is his or her birthplace in the fourth oldest historical Germany, and you have society in the United researched a few must-see States. Since 1893 they tourist attractions. You’ve have published the Virginia even brushed up on your Magazine of History and German. But one important Biography each month. step remains: informing yourself about local archives. A convenient source for While newer issues tend to finding information about genealogical collections in focus more on history, a Germany is Ancestors in German Archives (R 943 A538), great deal of genealogical one part of a larger effort by students at Brigham Young information can be found in University to identify immigrant origins. the earlier volumes. For example, volume 38 (1930) has genealogical articles about the families of Major Andrew Data for the book was acquired by sending Gilson, the Humes family, an autobiography of the Rev. questionnaires to archives that were determined to hold Robertson Gannaway reprinted from a 1859 edition of genealogical records. Archives are grouped by state, the Religious Herald of Hendersonville, , type of archive (state, local, church, or family), and then and letters of the Byrd family. arranged alphabetically by city or town name. In addition History & Genealogy has a complete run of the volumes to learning about the local or city archive, researchers from 1893 to the present. Articles can be found by should make sure to check the entries on state-wide searching PERSI on Findmypast. If, however, your archives found at the beginning of each state’s chapter, ancestors came from the Old , spending a few as well as church or other archives at the end of the afternoons looking through the periodical could also be chapter; these archives will usually not be located in the useful. same city the ancestor was born in. Entries have a standard format that includes the address, phone number, and website if available. Information on jurisdiction, published guides or finding aids, and specifics on holdings of common genealogical record types and their organization are also found in the entries.

By becoming acquainted with this information in advance, researchers can be prepared to confidently carry out

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 15

NEW BOOK HIGHLIGHTS

CAROLYN WILKINS war overshadowed the civil rights movement in the minds of Damn Near White: politicians and the public, it seemed that further progress An African American might never come. For many African , the blood- Family’s Rise from Slavery shed, loss, and disappointment of war became just another to Bittersweet Success chapter in the history of the civil rights movement. Lawrence University of Missouri, 2010 Allen Eldridge explores this two-front war, showing how the R 929.2 W686W African American press grappled with the Vietnam War and its impact on the struggle for civil rights. Wilkins grew up defending her racial identity. Because of her Eldridge reveals how the black press not only reported the war light complexion and wavy hair, she but also weighed its significance in the context of the civil spent years struggling to convince others that she was black. rights movement. The black press ultimately viewed the Viet- Her family’s prominence set Carolyn’s experiences even fur- nam War through the lens of African American experience, ther apart from those of the average African American. Caro- blaming the war for crippling LBJ’s Great Society and the lyn's parents insisted she follow the color-conscious rituals of War on Poverty. Despite its waning hopes for an improved Chicago's elite black bourgeoisie—experiences Carolyn re- life, the black press soldiered on.—Publisher calls as some of the most miserable of her entire life. Only in GREGG ANDREWS the company of her mischievous Aunt Marjory, a woman who Thyra J. Edwards: Black Activ- refused to let the conventions of “proper” black society limit ist in the Global Freedom her, does Carolyn feel a true connection to her family's African Struggle American heritage. Damn Near White is an insider’s portrait University of Missouri, 2011 of an unusual American family. Readers will be drawn into R B Edwards Thyra J. Carolyn’s journey as she struggles to redefine herself in light of the long-buried secrets she uncovers. Tackling issues of In 1938, a black newspaper in class, color, and caste, Wilkins reflects on the changes of Afri- paid front-page tribute to Thyra J. Ed- can American life in U.S. history through her dedicated search wards as the embodiment of “the Spirit to discover her family’s powerful story.—Publisher of Aframerican Womanhood.” Edwards was a world lecturer,

LAWRENCE ELDRIDGE Chronicles of a Two-Front War: View a complete list of new Civil Rights and Vietnam in the books online African American Press University of Missouri, 2011 A list of new books received during the previous month R 323.1196 E37C is posted on the library’s website. View the list online . For more information about During the Vietnam War, young African viewing the new book list online, exporting records, and Americans fought to protect the free- saving items to a customized list, call (314) 994-3300 or doms of Southeast Asians and died in ask a librarian when visiting any St. Louis County Library disproportionate numbers compared to their white counter- branch. parts. Despite their sacrifices, black Americans were unable to secure equal rights at home, and because the importance of the

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 16

journalist, social worker, labor organizer, women’s rights ad- SUSAN CURTIS vocate, and civil rights activist—an undeniably important fig- Colored Memories: ure in the social struggles of the first half of the twentieth cen- A Biographer’s Quest for tury. She experienced international prominence throughout the Elusive Lester A. Walton much of her life, from the early 1930s to her death in 1953, but University of Missouri, 2008 has received little attention from historians in years since. R B Walton Lester Gregg Andrews’s Thyra J. Edwards: Black Activist in the Global Freedom Struggle is the first book-length biographical Lester A. Walton was a well-known study of this remarkable, historically significant woman. public figure in his day. An African American journalist, cultural critic, diplomat, and political This fascinating biography details Thyra Edwards’ lifelong activist, he was an adviser to presidents and industrialists in a journey and myriad achievements, describing both her per- career that spanned the first six decades of the twentieth cen- sonal and professional sides and the many ways they inter- tury. He was a steadfast champion of and lived to twined. Gregg Andrews used Edwards’ official FBI file— see the passage of major civil rights legislation. But one word along with her personal papers, published articles, and civil best describes Walton today: forgotten. rights manuscript collections—to present a complete portrait of this noteworthy activist. An engaging volume for the histo- Exploring the contours of this extraordinary life, Susan Curtis rian as well as the reader, Thyra J. Edwards explores seeks to discover why our collective memory of Walton has the complete domestic and international impact of her life and failed. In a unique narrative of historical research, she recounts actions.—Publisher a fifteen-year journey, from the streets of Harlem and “The Ville” in St. Louis to scattered archives and obscure public records, as she uncovers the mysterious circumstances sur- rounding Walton’s disappearance from national conscious- ness. And despite numerous roadblocks and dead ends in her PastPorts is published by History & Genealogy at quest, she tells how she came to know this emblematic citizen St. Louis County Library, located on Tier 5 of Library of the American Century in surprising ways. Colored Memo- Headquarters. ries is a highly original work that not only introduces readers Current and past issues can be downloaded from the to a once-influential figure but also invites us to reconsider web . how we view, understand, and preserve the past.—Publisher

Contact us: PAUL THEOBALD History & Genealogy Call School: Rural Education in St. Louis County Library the Midwest to 1918 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd Southern Illinois University, 1995 St. Louis, MO 63131 R 977 T385C Phone: 314-994-3300, ext. 2070 Paul Theobald chronicles the history of Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.slcl.org the one-room country schools that were spread throughout the rural Midwest during the nineteenth and early twentieth Tours are conducted on Wednesdays and Saturdays at centuries. Focusing on the region’s educational history in light 10:30 a.m. Group tours of 10 or more are gladly of the religious, economic, and political atmosphere, Theobald arranged with advance notice by calling 314-994-3300, explores the tight connection between educational preferences ext. 2070. and religious views, between the economics of the countryside and the educational experiences of children, and between the

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 17

politics of local power and the educational prospects of the the prison controversy to serve the exigencies of war. As both powerless. Theobald’ s study illuminates the history of educa- sides distributed propaganda designed to convince citizens of tion on the plains and sheds light on the social foundations of each section of the relative virtue of their own prison system-- the period.—Publisher in contrast to the cruel inhumanity of the opponent--they etched hardened and divisive memories of the prison contro- BLAINE BETTINGER versy into the American psyche, memories that would prove The Family Tree Guide to difficult to uproot. In Haunted by Atrocity, Benjamin G. DNA Testing and Genetic Cloyd deftly analyzes how Americans have remembered the Genealogy Family Tree Books, 2016 military prisons of the Civil War from the war itself to the pre- R 929.1 B565F sent, making a strong case for the continued importance of the and circulating copy great conflict in contemporary America.—Publisher

HARRY HASKELL Discover the answers to your fam- Boss-Busters and Sin Hounds: ily history mysteries using the City and Its Star most-cutting edge tool available. University of Missouri, 2007 This plain-English guide is a one-stop resource for how to use R 977.8411 H349B DNA testing for genealogy. Inside, you'll find guidance on what DNA tests are available, plus the methodologies and At the turn of the twentieth century, the pros and cons of the three major testing companies and advice Kansas City Star was a trust-busting on choosing the right test to answer your specific genealogy newspaper acclaimed for its crusading questions. And once you've taken a DNA test, this guide will progressive spirit; fifty years later it was a busted trust, tar- demystify the often-overwhelming subject and explain how to geted in the most important antitrust action ever brought interpret DNA test results, including how to understand eth- against an American daily. Now Harry Haskell tells the tale of nicity estimates and haplogroup designations, navigate sug- the Star’s rise and decline against the richly textured backdrop gested cousin matches, and use third-party tools like GED- of Kansas City—the story of how a newspaper and a city grew match to further analyze your data. To give you a holistic view together and ultimately grew apart. of genetic testing for ancestry, the book also discusses the eth- ics and future of genetic genealogy, as well as how adoptees Boss-Busters and Sin Hounds takes readers into the city room and others who know little about their ancestry can especially and executive offices of one of the most respected American benefit from DNA testing.—Publisher newspapers, whose influence extended beyond its own com- munity to international affairs. Re-creating life at the Star from BENJAMIN CLOYD the inside, the book traces the shifting fortunes of a great Haunted by Atrocity: newspaper and the compelling “power of purpose” it exerted Civil War Prisons from the birth of the progressive movement in the to the in American Memory State University, 2016 1950s.—Publisher

R 973.771 C648H Briefly notes Local St. Louis and Missouri history During the Civil War, approximately 56,000 Union and Confederate soldiers 50th Anniversary Celebration, Evangelical United Church of died in enemy military prison camps. Even in the midst of the Christ [Webster Groves, Mo.]. R 977l865 F469 war's shocking violence, the intensity of the prisoners' suffer- Case that Never Dies: The Lindbergh Kidnapping. ing and the brutal manner of their deaths provoked outrage, R 364.1523 G227C and both the Lincoln and Davis administrations manipulated Christ Church, Golden Anniversary, 1890–1940 (Christ Evan-

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 18

gelical and Reformed Church, Maplewood, Mo.). Germanic R 977.865 C554C Diamond Jubilee, 1896–1971, St. Luke’s Ev. Lutheran Ortsippenbücher Church, Taft and Alaska, St. Louis. R 977.866 D537 Local genealogical registers—abbreviated Fiftieth Anniversary of Jesus Evangelical Church, St. Louis, MO, November Fifth, Nineteen Hundred and Fort-Four. Béning-lès-Saint-Avoid, Lorraine, France. R 944.385 W115B R 977.866 F469 Bobenneukirchen, Saxony. R 943.21 M688F Stephan Memorial Methodist Church: Building a Christian Bredenbeck / Deister, Evestorf, Holtensen, Lower Saxony. R Community, 1908–1958. R 977.865 S827 943.59 W373O Dannstadt and Schauernheim, Rhineland-Palatinate. R 943.43 African-American S452F Denkendorf, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943.471 M459O Akee Tree: A Descendant’s Quest for His Slave Ancestors on Eichenbarleben, Saxony-Anhalt. R 943.18 B283F the Eskridge Plantations. R 929.2 E75H Erxleben, Saxony-Anhalt. R 943.182 B283F A Cry for Justice: Daniel Rudd and his Life in Black Catholi- , Lorraine, France. R 944.385 D559F cism, Journalism, and Activism, 1854–1933. , (). R 949.84 Z19F RB Rudd, Dan Gelenau, Saxony. R 943.21 T229E The Negro in . R 976.2 W554N Groppendorf, Saxony-Anhalt. R 943.18 B283F Negro Slavery in . R 976.7 T244N Gross-Zimmern, . R 943.416 F837F “A Rift in the Clouds:” Race and the Southern Federal Judici- Gutsow-Platkow, . R 943.153 B197F ary, 1900–1910. R 342.7308 A898R Kalt, Rhineland-Palatinate. R 943.432 R 982E Kappelwindeck, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943. 464 K92O

Alsace and Lorraine FamilySearch.org “Germany Handwriting.” https://

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13. www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Germany_Handwriting. Geopatronyme.com. “Tous Les Noms de Famillie en France entre 1891 et 1990.” http://www.geopatronyme.com. Archives départmentales de Meurthe-et-Moselle. “Archives en Google.com “Google Translate.” https:// ligne.” http://www.archives.meurthe-et-moselle.fr/fr/ translate.google.com/?hl=en. archives-en-ligne.html. Meyers Gazetteer. “Search the Meyers Gazetteer.” https:// Archives départmentales de la Meuse. “Recherche.” http:// www.meyersgaz.org/ archives.meuse.fr/search/home. PagesBlanches. “PageBlanches: Le service de recherché de Archives Départmetnales Des Vosges. “Recherche en ligne.” particliers avec l’annvaire.” https://www.pagesjaunes.fr/ http://archives.vosges.fr/. pagesblanches. Archives départementales du Bas-Rhin. “Rechercher.” http:// Wikipedia. “Communes of the Bas-Rhin department.” https:// archives.bas-rhin.fr/. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Bas- Archives Départmetnales du Territorie de Belfort. “Accueil.” Rhin_department. http://www.archives.cg90.fr/. Wikipedia. “Communes of the Haut-Rhin department.” https:// Archives départmentales du Haut-Rhin. “Archives en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Haut- départmentales du Haut-Rhin.” http://www.archives.haut- Rhin_department. rhin.fr/. Wikipedia. “Communes of the Moselle department.” https:// FamilySearch.org. http://www.familysearch.org. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Moselle_ department.

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 19

Kuppenheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943.464 L747O A Contribution to the Stubject of Worker Migration from Leimen, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943.464 F862F the 17th to the ]. R 943.5911 B693H -Ellviller, Lorraine, France. R 944.385 L891 Bauern und Bäckern—Russland in der Geschichte der , Einig, Gerin, (Maifeld), Rhineland- Auswanderung aus Hessen: Zum 250. Jubiläum des Palatinate. R 943.43 R982E Aufbruchs an die Wolga, 1766 [Of Farmers and Bakers— Mortizfeld, Romania (Banat). R 949.84 N383F in the History of Emigration from Hesse: On the Neuhaldensleben, Saxony-Anhalt. R 943.182 B283F 250th Anniversary of the Departure for the Volga, 1766]. Neukirchen (Neukirchen-Vluyn), North Rhine-Westphalia. R 943.41 A917V R 943.553 B531O Neu-Ulm, : R 943.37 T351O Irish Niederschwedeldorf, Poland (formerly ). R 94 Nussloch and Maisbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943.464 Ireland to America: Emigrants from West Cork. O86E R 973.0491 K53I Puttelange-aux-Lacs, Lorraine, France. R 944.385 B647P , Alsace, France. R 944.395 R577 Scottish Saint-Jean-Rorhbach, Lorraine, France. R 944.385 D559S Siegersleben, Saxony-Anhalt. R 943.182 B283F Highland Heritage: in the American Talheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943 464 B899O South. R 973.0491 R264H -Ebring, Lorraine, France. R 944.385 G817T The Surnames of : Their Origin, meaning, and His- Tiergarten, Baden-Wuerttemberg. R 943.4626 M958F tory. 929.42 B627S

Bürgerbücher, Häusergeschichten, Hofgeschichten Religion Historical and genealogical information about towns and their residents—abbreviated titles) Anti-Catholicism in Arkansas: How Politicians, the Press, the Klan, and Religious Leaders Imagined an Enemy, 1910– Bittenbrunn-Laisacker, Bavaria. R 943.36 V428B 1960. R297.7 B261A , . R 943.2248 B344b The Beliefs of the Early Brethren. R 289.2 W739B Holzgünz, Bavaria. R 943.37 I33H Brethren Dress: A Testimony to Faith. R 241.674 R945B Methodists and the Crucible of Race, 1930–1975. Other Germanic titles R 287.6 M983M My Kingdom is not of this World: 300 Years of the , Bevölkerung und soziale Schichtung im nördlichen Emsland 1683–1983. R 289.73 G371M vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert [Population and Social The Origin of the Schwarzenau Brethren. R 289.2 M511O Stratification in the Northern Emsland, Lower Saxony The Rise to Respectability: Race, religion, and the Church of from the 17th to the 19th Century], R 943.59 B693B God in Christ. R 289.94 W583R German Genealogical Research in , Schwarzenau, 1708–2008. R 289.2 S411 R 943.81 S334G Von Schlesien nach Amerika: Die Geshcichte des German Immigrants in American Church Records, Vol. 20, Schwenckfeldertums [From Silesia to America: The Missouri (St. Louis County and city), Vol. 21, Missouri History of the Schwenkfelders]. R 289.909 W419V (St. Louis II). R 929.3089 G373 Hollandgängerei im Osnabrücker Land und im Emsland: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Artbeiterwanderung vom 17. Bis zum 19. Jahrhundert [The Workers in the Osnabrück Region and Emsland, Lower Saxony:

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 20

CLASSES & PROGRAMS

CLASSES History and Genealogy in Newspaper Databases Searching electronic newspaper databases is easy and fun. Classes are free and open to the public. Registration is The class will cover 19th-Century U. S. Newspapers, required. Call 314-994-3300 or register online at www.slcl.org/ NewspaperArchive, and St. Louis Post-Dispatch databases. events. Feb. 21, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register Beginning a Genealogical Research Project If you have little or no experience with genealogical research, Finding Immigrant European Ancestors this is the class for you. Learn about the genealogical Prerequisite: Census Basics for Genealogical Research research process and the many resources available in History Discover the numerous print and online resources available & Genealogy at St. Louis County Library. for researching immigrant ancestors. This class will include an Feb. 14, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register overview of information available on Ancestry Library Edition March 27, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register and other electronic databases. Feb. 27, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register Library Skills for Genealogical Research March 21, 6:30 p.m., Sachs | Register Prerequisite: Beginning a Genealogical Research Project or prior genealogical research experience Identifying Ancestral Military Veterans Libraries offer essential tools for genealogical research. Learn Prerequisite: Census Basics for Genealogical Research or how to search online library catalogs, obtain materials from prior genealogical research experience distant libraries, locate periodical articles, and use the library’s Explore strategies for military research in the Fold3 and in-house finding aids. Ancestry Library Edition databases, as well as in print and Feb. 26, 2:00 p.m., Florissant | Register online sources. March 12, 2:00 p.m., Daniel Boone | Register Feb. 8, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register March 13, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register March 5, 10:00 a.m., Grant's View | Register March 19, 10:00 a.m., Cliff Cave | Register March 22, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register

Census Basics for Genealogical Research Advanced Techniques for African American Census records are a basic and essential source for Research genealogical research in the U.S. Learn how to search census Prerequisite: Tracing Your African American Ancestors records effectively using Ancestry Library Edition and other The usual techniques can often lead to roadblocks in African electronic databases. American genealogical research. The instructor will use case Feb. 12, 10:00 a.m., Cliff Cave | Register studies to demonstrate how researchers can fill gaps in March 8, 2:00 p.m., Headquarters | Register missing information. March 26, 2:00 p.m., Florissant Valley | Register Feb. 22, 6:30 p.m., Florissant Valley | Register

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY FEBRUARY 2018 | PAGE 21

BRANCH LOCATIONS FOR H&G CLASSES & PROGRAMS

Bridgeton Trails Headquarters Oak Bend General information 3455 McKelvey Road 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd. 842 S. Holmes Ave. Phone: 314-994-3300, Bridgeton, MO 63044 St. Louis, MO 63131 St. Louis, MO 63122 ext. 2070 Cliff Cave Indian Trails Prairie Commons Email: [email protected] 5430 Telegraph Road 8400 Delport Dr. 915 Utz Lane Website: www.slcl.org/genealogy St. Louis, MO 63129 St. Louis, MO 63114 Hazelwood, MO 63042

Daniel Boone Jamestown Bluffs Rock Road 300 Clarkson Rd. 4153 N. Highway 67 10267 St. Charles Rock Rd. Ellisville, MO 63011 Florissant, MO 63034 St. Ann, MO 63074 Florissant Valley Lewis & Clark Samuel C. Sachs 195 New Florissant Rd, S. 9909 Lewis-Clark Blvd. 16400 Burkhardt Place Florissant, MO 63031 St. Louis, MO 63136 Chesterfield, MO 63017

Grant’s View Natural Bridge Weber Road 9700 Musick Rd. 7606 Natural Bridge Rd. 4444 Weber Rd. St. Louis, MO 63123 St. Louis, MO 63121 St. Louis, MO 63123

PROGRAMS Using City and County Directories St. Louis Genealogical Society General Meeting Programs are free and open to the public. No registration is City directories contain more information than just names and required unless noted. addresses. Discover how to find and research directories in Social Media print, on microfilm and digitally. Larry Franke, speaker. St. Louis Genealogical Society General Meeting Saturday, March 10, 10:00 a.m. | Headquarters More and more communications are relying on social media. Learn about Facebook, blogs, and Twitter from our experts. Beginning German Genealogy Bob Good, speaker. Learn what’s needed before trying to trace your ancestors across the Atlantic. Identify records leading to your ancestor’s Saturday, Feb. 10, 10:00 a.m. | Headquarters village of birth. Carol Whitton, CG, St. Louis Genealogical Society, Speaker. Discovering your Irish and Scots-Irish Roots See page 5 for information. Registration required. Friday, March 16, 10:00 a.m. | Cliff Cave

Wednesday, Feb. 14, 1:00 p.m. | Grant’s View Using Campgen (genealogy.net) Effectively StLGS German Special Interest Group Getting the Most Out of FamilySearch Are you avoiding using Compgen’s GOV, DigiBib, OFBs or The FamilySearch website is much more than a catalog to other web pages because they are in German? Obtain more search for ancestors. Bob Goode of the St. Louis information on what’s where and how to use it effectively. Genealogical Society will help you learn about the Speaker: Carol Whitton FamilySearch Wiki, how to navigate the catalog, how to access digitized books, and much more. Wednesday, March 21, 7:00 p.m. | Headquarters Friday, February 16, 10:00 a.m. | Cliff Cave

NEWS AND TIPS | HISTORY AND GENEALOGY AT ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY