MEMBER SOCIETIES ************ Member Societies and their secretaries are responsible for seeing that the correct address for their society is up-to-date. Please send any change to both the Treasurer and the Editor at the addresses given at the bottom of this page. The Annual Return as at October 31st should include telephone numbers for contact.

Members’ dues for the year 1986/87 were paid by the following Member Societies:

Alberni District Historical Society, Box 284, Port Alberni, B.C. V9Y 7M7 Atlin Historical Society, P.O. Box 111, Atlin, B.C. VOW lAO BCHF — Gulf Island Branch, do Marian Worrall, Mayne Island, VON 2J0 BCHF — Victoria Section, do Charlene Rees, 2 - 224 Superior Street, Victoria, B.C. Burnaby Historical Society, 5406 Manor Street, Burnaby, B.C. V5G 1B7 Chemainus Valley Historical Society, P.O. Box 172, Chemainus, B.C. VOR1KO Cowichan Historical Society, P.O. Box 1014, Duncan, B.C. V9L 3Y2 District 69 Historical Society, P.O. Box 3014, Parksville, B.C. VOR2SO East Kootenay Historical Association, P.O. Box 74, Cran brook, B.C. V1C4H6 Fraser Lake Historical Society, P.O. Box 57, Fraser Lake, B.C. VOJiSO Galiano Historical and Cultural Society, P.O. Box 10, Galiano, B.C. VON 1PO Golden & District Historical Society, Box 992, Golden, B.C. VOA1HO Lantzville Historical Society, do Susan Crayston, Box 76, Lantzville, B.C. VOR2HO Mission Historical Society, 33201 2nd Avenue, Mission, B.C. V2V 1J9 Nanaimo Historical Society, P.O. Box 933, Station IA’, Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5N2 Nanooa Historical and Museum Society, R.R. 1, Box 22, Marina Way, Nanoose Bay, B.C. VOR2RO North Shore Historical Society, 623 East 10th Street, North Vancouver, B.C. V7L 2E9 Princeton & District Pioneer Museum and Archives, Box 687, Princeton, B.C. VOXiWO Qualicum Beach Historical & Museum Society, c/o Mrs. Cora Skipsey, P.O. Box 352, Qualicum Beach, B.C. VOR2T0 Saltspring Island Historical Society, P.O. Box 705, Ganges, B.C. VOS lEO Sidney and North Saanich Historical Society, P.O. Box 2404, Sidney, B.C. V8L 3Y3 Silvery Slocal Historical Society, P.O. Box 301, New Denver, B.C. VOG 150 Trail Historical Society, P.O. Box 405, Trail, B.C. Vi R 4L7 Valemont Historic Society, P.O. Box 850, Valemount, B.C. VOE2AO Vancouver Historical Society, P.O. Box 3071, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 3X6

Affiliated Groups B.C.Museum of Mining, P.O. Box 155, Britannia Beach, B.C. VON hO City of White Rock Museum Archives Society, 1030 Martin Street, White Rock, B.C. V4B 5E3 Fort Steele Heritage Park, Fort Steele, B.C. VOB1NO The Hallmark Society, 207 Government Street, Victoria, B.C. V8V 2K8 Nanaimo Centennial Museum Society, 100 Cameron Road, Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 2X1 Lasqueti Island Historical Society, Lasqueti Island, B.C. VOR2JO

Second-class registration number 4447.

fall, Published winter, spring, and summer by the British Columbia Historical Federation, P.O. Box 35326, Station E, Vancouver, B.C. V6M 4G5. A Charitable Society recognized under the Income Tax Act.

Manuscripts and correspondence for the editor are to be sent to P.O. Box 5626, Stn. B, Victoria, B.C., V8R 6S4. Correspondence regarding subscriptions and all other matters should be directed to the Vancouver address above.

Subscriptions: Institutional, $16.00 per year; Individual (non-members), $8.00.

Financially assisted by the Government of British Columbia through the British Columbia Heritage Trust. British Columbia Historical News Volume 21, No. 1 Winter, 1988

Journal of the B.C. Historical Federation

Contents Editorial

Features We are still looking for material for the Spring issue of the News. The The Bayliff Story 3 focus of the next issue will be The Douglas Harker History of the Chinese in British Col umbia, but, as usual, articles on any Cemeteries of the Alberni Valley 8 topic dealing with the Joan Thompson history of the province are welcome. Getting Around in the Kootenays 11 From the few bits of feedback that Clare McAllister I have received, personal reminiscences are very popular with readers. You Survey for the Western Highway 14 don’t have to be an ‘archive hound’ Geoffrey Castle to write this kind of material. Certain ly a great many of our readers have Peace River Jim 15 had interesting experiences growing Tom H. Inkster up in different parts of the province. We History for the Brownies 19 haven’t heard from the North lately, Jacqueline Gresko or the East Kootenay, or the North Island. What about the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Gulf News and Notes 22 Islands? I know I’d be interested to know what it was like in the Gulf Bookshelf 25 Islands during Prohibition when the rumrunners were active. Or what ef Second World War Memories fect the war had on coastal com review by George Newell munities. And I’d like to read a first- person account of early farming in the Pioneer Tales of Burnaby Peace River area or mining in the in review by Charles Christopherson terior. Let’s hear from some of you? Honore-Timothee Lempfrit, O.M.1. (and) I do ask that your manuscripts be typed not Will to Power. as I just do have the time review by Jacqueline Gresko to do it. If you can’t do it prevail upon a friend to come to your aid. The editorial advice that they will un doubtedly provide will almost always be of benefit! Remember the B.C. Historical News is committed to serving the members The B.C. Historical News welcomes submissions of interesting and informative of the Federation, but can only sur articles or photo essays on any subject relating to British Columbia history. vive so long as there are enough Manuscripts should be typed (double-spaced) with footnotes and/or bibliography, members willing to share their if possible and pertinent. Length to 2500 words. Photos and illustrations ap research and memories. preciated and returned. Authors are asked to provide a very brief “bio” to run at the end of the article. Send to: The Editor, B.C. Historical News, P.O. Box Bob Tyrrell 5626, Stn. B., Victoria, B.C., V8R 6S4.

B.C. Historical News

2

News Historical B.C.

6S4 V8R B.C. Victoria,

B Stn. 5626, Box P.O.

Editor The

reports to: articles and submit Please

is News March Historical B.C. 15/88

the of issue next for the Deadline

ISSUE NEXT

5N2 V9R

Nanaimo, 933, Box B.C. P.O.

Historical Nanaimo Society

Chairman, Bicentenary Project

Jacque Mar

Yours truly,

support.

Canada. K1A tawa, in OB1

—

U.B.C.

Corporation, Canada tee, Ot Post

Jean Dr. Barman

of man Advisory Stamp the Commit

to: Cloutier, Sylvain Mr. write Chair sincerely, Yours

Members Member please Societies and

persuade time to still Canada is Post. you any me. give can help

Treasurer

noticed Canada. in of rest the There you V6T advance Thank 1Z5. in for

George

Newell

Canada Western should go not un Columbia, Vancouver, British B.C.

Thank you.

such event major of importance to Educational University Studies, of

Canada from historical the An West.

Barman, Jean Dept. Social of and the News.

birthplace This indeed the was of

materials. relevant address My is: Dr. cheques representing

subscriptions

to

Nootka Controversy the the at time.

reimburse will photocopying cost for

special count or

fund.

This includes

Armada.

Europe All agog was over

publications that any in result and I funds assigned are

to the ac

proper

counter the defeat the since Spanish of

All acknowledged be will assistance panying letter

ensure will that

the

engage Spain greatest the in en naval

worked a as once who teacher. on note the or cheque

in

accom an

Dutch prepared Prussian and to allies

member

great perhaps aunt a Columbia

Historical — Federation.

A —

mobilised tain navy, and her her with

remember who hearing a family about to Fderation the

payable to

British

Northwest. seizure, avenge To its Bri

ticularly individuals to like from hear And: please make

all

cheques

sent

first foothold the British the Pacific in

teachers’ century lives. 1 would par Federation’s

reports.

craftsmen brought from China, it was

nineteenth puzzle fill of the to help in records to and enable

us

to

prepare

the

the building this on ship first by coast

schools local of teachers and all will figures needed

are

as a check

our on

threefold of Apart import. from

recollections ten descriptions other or to as me

soon

as

possible.

These

John Meares’

post Nootka at was

information. any diaries, Letter, writ as

News at October

should be sent 31St

yet

successful. been as

grateful be I very would receive to and number

the subscriptions

of

to

the

issue commemorative stamps not have

communities. the number of

their

paid-up

members

persuade to Efforts Canada Post to

responsibilities their local within treasurers

Annual the that

Report of

Historial

News.

teachers actually what were were I

the remind member

societies’ —

nounced

in next the issue the of

extremely to difficult determine is who thank his for him

kindness.

couver

Island. Final details an be will

together teachers’ of a list names, it during and transition after

the

I and

likely place take mid-May in Van on

have While been I to able put most generous

assistance

with

both

historic this milestone. event The will

teachers’ college. training treasurer

would

expect,

has

he been

name a to mountain

commemorate to

when province the opened its first to know

over Rhys his long

as

term

grateful

Federation’s the for support

Columbia, British is, that before 1901, As date. those of

you

who have

come

Nanaimo Historical Society is

nineteenth-century about teachers in Federation’s bookkeeping from that

Nootka

at tlers

to ing as find as out possible much have accepted responsibility for the

Bicentenary Re:

1988 Chinese of Set

historian

a I education am of try and records of Federation the and 1

handed me financial the to over books

To

the editor:

Editor

Rhys Richardson on September 16th

Treasurer’s Report Letters the to editor The Bayliff Story

Douglas E. Harker

British Columbia owes much of its fame and fortune to its ranchers, a silent, anonymous breed of men who work incredibly long hours, take holi days most rarely, battle deep snow, numbing cold, vicious insects, lone liness, privation and the unpredictable pranks of the weather, who share with their wives and children a life of strenuous, often monotonous but in The Bayliff ranch house, built in 1891. dispensable work. Many of these ranchers came origin chaplain to Queen Victoria and a land the fees for Hugh at Clifton College ally from Britain. They carved their ed gentleman of substance, enabled and who subsequently arranged for farms from the stubborn soil with in them to stock their ranch and become him to go to the Cornwalls. finite patience. One such man was the most successful ranchers in the As a boy Hugh did not enjoy robust Hugh Bayliff. Four generations of district. Clement later was appointed health. Illness kept him away from Bayliffs have ranched for almost one Lieut.-Governor of British Columbia. school for many months. His marks hundred years near Alexis Creek in the Hugh Bayliff, the 18-year-old youth were too low for admission to the Ar Chilcotin Valley. This is their story. who stood before Clement, was his my or even, in spite of family in

In September 1882, a tall, erect, new pupil. Like many others who fluence, to the Bank . . . considered fresh-faced, fairhaired youth presented emigrated to Western Canada at that a last resort in family circles such as himself to Clement Cornwall, owner time Hugh Peel Lane Bayliff came of the Bayliffs. Hugh’s father wrote with his brother Henry, of Ashcroft good stock. His ancestors, the Lanes, sternly to him:

Manor, a stopping-house and ranch had been Mayors of Hereford and “. .. You have failed to come up built on British Columbia’s old Can- owned estates there for two hundred to the mark in competitive exams. Be boo Road. years. Hugh’s mother was a Peel, ing a poor lad with his own way to The Cornwall brothers had come descendant of England’s Prime Minis make, you must be glad to get a liv from Gloucestershire twenty years ter, his sister had married into the ing how you can, so long as it is honest earlier, greatly excited by reports of same family. But Hugh’s father, Cap and sufficient.” British Columbian goldfields. But they tain Richard Lane Bayliff was unable It was Grandfather who paid became so impressed with the country to help his six children financially. Hugh’s passage to the Colonies. He and its cattle ranching potential, they Because of ill-health he had retired was not being sent away as a ‘remit forgot about gold and preempted 320 from the Army aged only 37 and gone tance man’, a disparaging term reserv acres along the Thompson River. They to live in Clifton where he tried to ed for wasters whose families are pre built a spacious, well-insulated log make a living by writing. It was pared to pay to have them stay away house with livery stables and were Hugh’s grandfather, the Reverend from home. Hugh went in search of soon in the cattle ranching business. T.T.L. Bayliff, Vicar of Albury, adventure. Grandfather believed Wes Substantial sums of money from their Hants, Justice of the Peace and a tern Canada offered great possibilities father the Reverend A.G. Cornwall, widely respected clergyman, who paid of prosperity through agriculture. B.C. Historical News 3

4

B.C. News Historical

brought who

women remarkable plus then, cows), (by hundred original out.”

of

several

the

first was Gertrude return the they years would five in that are to that the fact worn mine hide

them. an agreement with Roper from heifers me try I some socks. send will Mother

of all of

heels the poles broke split

yearling hundred one bought

They

hope I and miserly. mean horribly

.

.

the that first winter shoes and court

title. seek

they would

when

so am getting is I

them against

. . .

of pairs her with brought nineteen came day the until it pay for to have have learned they money. Everything

had But she in the activities Chilcotin. not would Ranch. They Chilancoh without young thing gentlemen it’s

social the of of most centre the became

became later which

Redstone and

one useless is If there warmth

. . .

hospitality, for its famed home, Creek Alexis land between staked they of the centre so from far are away

any Her to herself emergency. equal Together a cowpuncher. to become ends cold so me the weather in of tall,

soon proved She

composure. her lost Bay Company Hudson the

with work am I too all big. much We are

“.

. .

ever time Gertrude only the It was up had given who Englishman, young afternoon.

cotton. dle

and Lee, with Norman partnership another

day a ing his Sunday off

— first

nee gash with large a up was sewing a He formed his on own. out strike 9 hav before March until December

and an axe himself had with cut who to decided area, Hugh magnificent early He from worked Cherry Creek.

Lee Norman was the bare this living-room of the attractions by Swayed at as and discomforts such privations

pole the of floor split ror.

Sitting on

and autumn

experienced but had he never poverty

. .

hor fainted almost with she time, first spring of winds from the shelter them to no stranger was Hugh winter.

the for her home saw new she When to timber bluffs of and herds grazing that first cold was intense The

Columbia. of

British province young

the grass feed to bunch

has succulent It to cattle cold due of much loss . .

the in a on ranch life of discomforts Coast mountains. the of outcroppings is pay! doesn’t There job the And

the to totally and in unused was luxury to the westward the river from way the I see him. less him, I like the of more

up brought had been She newspaper. all It range running has of beef. ment to “The elder sister his Charlotte.

the Times an London of executive the nourish for by nature designed in lamented of letters frequent his one

of daughter Gertrude marry Tindall, been to have seems “The Chilcotin the Hugh Boss,” “I don’t like

to to back Hugh hurried England Fraser”: ‘‘The in writes work man for. to tough

in grasslands. Chilcotin the rancher Hutchison Bruce potential. great a figure, public respected was widely

a as career and his continued money had Chilcotin realized the country for a But though Britain. Roper, from

some borrowed undaunted, returned a eye keen developed had who Hugh and Clydesdales porting Herefords

City. of He Dawson short 500 miles Lake. Anahim im cattle by and horses his improve

Lake on lost Teslin which were scows at today’s Indians the with trade to ranching. He was to the first rancher

on them five loaded them. He cher go on a and of pack-train charge take and of switched to had gold promise

to but him forced months later winter to Hugh allowed He since 1875. there by to the been lured British Columbia

camps. gold Five the to Klondike drive post trading small a had Hance had had Roper Like (flornwall, Clement

a beef 1,500 mile cattle on of head Tom However settlers. to closed once. at accepted he Kamloops,

200 by taking fame he years won later virtually kept it had there Reserves a ranch near acre 15,000 Creek,

few Lee’s ty A Corner. at away miles Indian to establish attempts ment’s at job a him offering Cherry Roper

for ranching resumed Lee Norman then Govern the Until country. to that from W.J. in 1882 December gram

his. became Chilancoh contributed. first visit was It his Plateau. Chilcotin So a he tele received when Manor.

Mary also grandfather. Grand-Aunt try the to decided He of water. supply at for no Ashcroft him future was

his a legacy from the of proceeds a good place a with find to own his a to and had But living make he there

in4 put ,000. 1,000 He himself, him.1 set out Hugh area. on Kamloops the and mutual there affection. walls was

lent sister Charlotte His luckier. was in especially the Interior, throughout the much learned Corn- from Hugh

Hugh money. the not but raise could drought severe a was There hot. a fitting manner.

coin. Norman a tossed Norman won and long was summer the 1886 In in the look help after Cornwalls them

so his and he bride Hugh found 1891 cowboss. his came youth this well-mannered and would

In the buy out to right other. have the be and Hugh Camps Construction to of Manor Ashcroft came visitors

the and they would winner toss would CPR to the beef supplied Roper as fox. for a Hundreds the substitute

to marry one them if wished of that polite. and sistent by the Cornwalls introduced coyote,

stated clause The main exercise-book. He was per the of rancher. demanded be at hunting good the probably would

pages an an of on two agreement many skills the for talent natural He to an be rider. excellent reputed

out wrote partners two young The a had he found days. He early those was every year: Hugh Derby Ashcroft

animal. losing an out in ranches Columbian British on ing the they held where the roadhouse

with

them brought across and rough of liv characters assortment the with to adjacent a racetrack horsemen with

but is narrow channel where the Ranch easily to able mix and well-liked was keen were Cornwalls The ground.

at the Gang the made them river swim He good judgement. and sense mon back the They same came from

the Creek Fraser, to Cherry from com abundant had He good stead. in a him, felt Cornwall Clement rapport.

the Hugh drove increase. herd the half stood him which qualities had Hugh man the he before As young eyed civilized living into a wild area. She and Hugh now began a life of hard work and discomfort such as would have daunted many a young couple brought up in far less sheltered cir cumstances. A few extracts from Hugh’s diary will illustrate: (1894) “. . . I’m afraid this winter will see a good many ranches broke. I may pull through. Thank God there’s lots of hay.”

“. . . I wish the winter would break. Terrible losses. Drummonds have lost 120 calves.” “Gertrude rather overdid her strength. She has not been out of the Chilcotin since she arrived. I wish she would go home for a visit.” “If only I could get a pupil. This would help me pull through.” Gertrude who had inherited a literary talent from her father includ ‘ 41’ ed in her diary what she called ‘amend ed proverbs’! “One swallow doesn’t make a sum mer but the mosquitoes make a Hell.” “You never miss the butter until the cow goes dry.” Gertrude was as devoted to her sister-in-law Charlotte as was Hugh Christmas dinner at Chilancoh, 1908. and often invited her to visit them. “Why don’t you come here instead have been a mixed blessing. Gertrude In 1901 Reg Newton decided he of Norway? Best for you and best for refers to him more than once as ‘bone wanted his own ranch. He could af me.” In 1898 several of their dreams lazy’. ford it and he had learned much from came true. Hugh got his pupil. As the years went by, hard and good Hugh. Also, he wanted to indulge his Charlotte came to the Chilancoh for management brought stability to hobby of raising polo ponies. So he a long visit and brought Harold Peake, Chilancoh Ranch, Hugh was making bought from two brothers Bill and the husband she had married that year. money from the furs which he sold in Frank Copeland an acreage nearby. Hugh and Gertrude started a family England. Bear, fox and beaver were Lot 147 became the Newton Ranch. Its and when their son Gabriel was one the most profitable. He was doing 196 acres adjoined Chilancoh. year old, Gertrude took him to business with Douglas Lake Cattle Reg sent a message to Bill Bliss, a England to show him off. Her mother- Company, the largest ranch in the groom on his father’s estate in Cor in-law decided he was just like Hugh, country. He made money from beef nwall and an old soldier who had serv

“minus the broken nose . . . Gay,” drives. But lack of capital plagued him ed with his brother-in-law Col. Louis she concluded, “is very, very good.” all his life. Dyson asking him to join him. Bill was Hugh’s pupil was Reginald Newton. Nevertheless he and Gertrude im Reg’s age and devoted to him. A 24 year-old Englishman with a love proved their lifestyle. A photograph Early in 1903 Bliss arrived with for travel and adventure, Reg was of Christmas dinner at Chilancoh, several ponies. It proved a successful good-looking, athletic, charming, rich probably taken in 1908, shows them venture. At that time one could ship and spoilt. The Newton fortune had seated with their friend and neighbour a horsebox from Alexis Creek to come from the paint firm of Windsor Tom Young at a well-appointed table Liverpool for $300 including the and Newton. The Bayliffs and the with white tablecloth and candlelabra, groom. Bill Bliss and his family Newtons had been friends for many Gertrude in a long elegant dress, Hugh became and have remained important years. in formal attire, Sanko their Chinese members of the Chilcotin community. Reg never stayed long with any job servant waiting on them and holding Reg also staked a claim twenty-five but he loved horses and the idea of up a small terrier for approbation. miles south of his ranch where he drill ranching in far-off British Columbia Tom Young, a bachelor, spent almost ed for gold. He even managed to in appealed to him. As a pupil he must every weekend with them. terest Colonel Dyson in the venture.

B.C. Historical News 5 This fortunate event led to the Bayliffs and the Newtons being united by stronger ties than business friendship. Reg was to provide a wife for Hugh’s son and a ranch for Hugh’s grandson. In 1912 the Colonel, who was retired, his wife, son John, daughter Dorothy and a Nanny paid Reg a visit to see how the investment was pro gressing. A journey to British Colum bia was a real adventure at that time. As they travelled across Canada by CPR, they saw many piled-up rails and other evidence of the hazards of railway journeys in the West. A Cariboo rancher J. Cunliffe met them at Ashcroft, drove them in the first car to go over those rugged roads to the Gang Ranch where they stayed the night, sleeping in the bunkhouse. Next morning they drove another one hundred miles over narrow, precipitous trails to the Newton ranch. Gertrude Bayliff. A short distance from Reg’ s house the car stuck in the sand. How pleased with the Newtons. In 1916, when the ten years before she had a house of her they were to see Reg and Col. Louis First World War was at its terrible own. By the time their firstborn, (who had preceded his family) striding height, Gabriel Bayliff aged 18, left Timothy, had arrived they had a com along to dig them out and take them Charterhouse and enlisted. He was the fortable dwelling in the old ran to the home ranch. same age as his father when he chhouse. In 1926 Hugh who was 62 Dorothy Dyson celebrated her ninth emigrated to British Columbia. decided it was time to hand over the birthday on the train on the way back One year later, Gertrude received reins of Chilancoh to his only son. to England. what her neighbour R.J. Bidwell Gertrude too was pleased to hand over Though the goldmine never produc described as “an infinitely troubling her varied, strenuous duties to her ed much gold the Colonel came again telegram re her very nice boy.” It told daughter-in-law. She had worked hard in 1921 to work on it with his brother- her Gay had been taken prisoner. and long and her reputation as a in-law who was by then an establish When he returned home from his capable manager, an excellent rider, ed if eccentric part of the communi years in Pilau Camp, he was skeletal riding always side-saddle, and an ever- ty. Dorothy was a beautiful girl of 18 thin. Later he developed duodenal loyal support for her husband, was en and so sweet-natured that Gay, ulcers from which he suffered the rest viable. Sometimes Hugh, especially in Hugh’s 23-year-old son, made fre of his life. Dorothy and Gay were mar the early days of their ranching, had quent and not always necessary visits ried in the frame shell of a loghouse felt unequal to the tasks destiny had to the Newton Ranch. Hugh was building for them a short thrust upon him and needed her cheer In the intervening years Gabriel distance from the ranchhouse. In one ful encouragement. Bayliff had been at school and at war, corner of the livingroom was a pile of Dear Hugh,” Gertrude wrote first to preparatory school in lumber, destined for shelves or cup in one of her frequent letters to his Haslemere, Surrey, then to public boards when Hugh had time to build sister Charlotte, “is so much better school at Charterhouse, where a them. They covered it with a large and has at last regained his self- perceptive housernaster, after denoun Union Jack and used it for an altar. confidence. His self-esteeming smile is cing his poor spelling and lack of ap It was September 1923 and the trees beautiful to behold.” titude for French and Latin, reported were bright with rich, autumn colours. In spite of her multitude of domestic on him thus: “. . . a nice, fresh, Dorothy’s wedding dress came from chores, Gertrude’s horse-drawn, rather unconventional boy with plen Wollands of London, took months to bearskin-lined cutter was often to be ty of character.” arrive and was a beautiful blue. seen in that part of the ranch where During his school years it was a rare At first Gay and Dorothy lived with Hugh was working. Without her sup event for Gay to get back home. It was Gay’s parents in the ranchhouse. port he might have found the creation hard enough to find money for school When the loghouse was completed, of Chilancoh Ranch impossible. fees. He spent his holidays with his they all moved into it, though it was Dorothy had been at Chilancoh aunt Charlotte at Boxford, sometimes much smaller. Dorothy was married Ranch for less than two years when she B.C. Historical News 6 became its mistress. She was the cultivator of a vast vegetable garden. She coped with the needs of dogs, cats, chickens, horses, even some tame crows. A large, ancient wood stove was the centre of her being. Here she presided for much of the day, baking and preparing meals for her family, hired men, friends, invited guests and others who just happened to drop by. All had large appetites and ate at ir regular hours. She met and handled medical, social and financial emergen cies. Often, when a worker failed to show up she helped Gay mend a fence or build a dam. AU these pursuits Dorothy quickly mastered. Moreover there was in her nature so much compassion, humour and modesty she was soon the friend Hugh and Gertrude Bayliff and confidante of every cowboy, In enjoy a winter outing. dian and settler in the district. Though she has never returned to England from that day to this, she has remain But Kathleen scarcely needed their a warmer cycle. In April 1898 Hugh’s ed unmistakably the very best type of help. She was fearless and it seemed diary recorded: “Snow still solid: 21 English gentlewoman. A rare and no task was too much for her. Under inches of snow here. Two cows have revealing title was bestowed on her. her direction the Newton Ranch con dead calves. I expect to lose 50% this She became known as “The Missis”. tinued to flourish. year.” In April 1925 he On a trip to England in 1910 Reg When Reg died Kathleen’s sister wrote: “Weather is getting warmer. had met Kathleen Medwell and fallen Greta came from new Zealand to be We shall be all right this year. No loss in love with her. A New Zealander she with her and to everyone’s surprise except for calves”. came from Christchurch, the centre of married Tom Young, the English In 1931 Gertrude died and two years a rich agricultural district. Though the friend of Gertrude and Hugh, who later Hugh. Though he had left the daughter of a pioneer doctor, she was was generally regarded as a perennial running of the ranch in Gay’s hands, no stranger to ranching. She was petite bachelor. Tom had a ranch nearby at it was hard for him to divorce himself but strong and determined and seem Alexis Creek. The two sisters spoke entirely from it, especially from the ed to have all the qualities required for endlessly to each other on the ever-present difficulty of making it survival in the Chilcotin in that era. telephone to the diversion of other pay. In 1934, the year of his death, She could hitch a three-horse team Chilcotin residents who could hear Hugh had to apply to the bank for a unaided. She could ride for hours in every word of their uninhibited chats loan of $7,500. The ‘Thirties were the coldest weather. Life on the over the ‘howler’. Depression years and 1934 was the Newton Ranch was a delight to her In 1926 Chilancoh Ranch was very darkest of those troubled years. and she and Reg were happily married thirty-five years old. No longer was its It was hard for any business to keep for twelve years. existence tenuous. It had become a afloat let alone a cattle ranch in such In 1922 Reg Newton died. An infec substantial ranch in one of the best a remote, unemployment-ridden area tion following a minor operation led grazing areas in British Columbia, as the Chilcotin. to the sudden death of this adven though its financial problems were Dorothy and Gay now had two turous, vigorous man, aged only 55. unremitting. A fair-sized community sons, Tim born in 1925, Tony in 1929. Kathleen ran the ranch for the next was beginning to build up of which There was no thought of sending them twenty-five years virtually unaided. Hugh and Gertrude, Kathleen to school in England as Gay’s parents As Reg and Kathleen had no Newton, Greta and Tom Young, Gay had done for their son, and both at children, two nephews came from and Dorothy were respected members. tended St. George’s an independent England on Reg’s death to help her. They retained many English customs, school opened in 1931 in Vancouver. The elder, Edmund Hutton, drowned one of which was a formal family tea To move from the tiny Chilcotin com in Puntzi Lake; his brother enlisted in every Sunday afternoon. munity of Alexis Creek to the big city the Second World War which broke As the years went by the British Col and to a new world of boys and games out soon after his arrival at the ranch. umbia weather seemed to move into and masters and lessons was a shock,

B.C. Historical News 7 Cemeteries of the Alberni Valley

Joan Thompson

Gravesites are ghoulish? Nonsense! A quiet little cemetery is the last resting place for many historic pioneers, and has long been a place of fascination for the historian. Many early private cemeteries have long since disappeared. George Bird remarks in his book “Tse-Wees-Tah” of the first cemetery in the Alberni

. . . “There seems to be no Valley Oval shaped stone with the caption: Sleep on in thy Beau record or even memory locally of this ty, Thou Sweet Angel Child. By Sorrow Unbligh ted, By Sin little cemetery. The three graves there Undefiled. were close together in a tiny open space. The neat picket fence around Fowling piece, with a hair trigger, nieces, Emily Faber (aged 21 years) each of them had been painted white. discharged accidentally, inflicting a and Mary Josephine Faber (aged 18 This preserved the wood to some ex horrible wound to King. An attempt years). The girls all drowned in Sproat tent for about 30 years. They were very was made to send the unfortunate Lake in July of 1894. The story of the near the alleyway that runs from Mar gentleman to Victoria in a canoe; but drownings is worth recountng, and is Street to Montrose Street, between 1st a southeast gale sprang up, impelling taken from the memoirs by Anne and 2nd Avenue.” When a historian it to return. On the same day the Traves (M. de D. Donaldson nee digs a little deeper, he finds that there schooner headed for ‘Somas’, Cap’t Faber) in “Just One Of Us”. is reference to this little cemetery Stamp’s settlement, on Barclay Sound “Emmy and Mary were the two regarding one of the interred. An (now Port Alberni), but he expired nieces and only Mary, the youngest article from the British Colonist, about one hour before the vessel girl bathed that day. She went out a March 27, 1861 reports a ‘melancho reached Port, and while it was in full little too far and lost her foothold in ly occurrance’ . . . “The death of sight. The deceased was then enclos a dip in the lake. Mary got into dif E.H. King, agent of the Underwriters ed in a coffin and decently interred in ficulties and Emmy went to help her to take charge of the wreck of the a grave dug on a mossy mound at the in her long skirt and she also was pull “Florencia”. Mr. E.H. King was com rear of the Mill (Anderson Mill).” ed under. Little Dorothy, nearly four missioned by the Government to in One private cemetery which con years old, went in after the girls and quire into the causes attending the sale tains four graves on a point of land was found in just a few inches of water of the “Florencia” wreck to Captain at Sproat Lake is still in existence to where she had fallen over a stone, face Stuart of Ucluelet. After attending to day and is well marked with a tomb downwards. My brother who was 18 the “Florencia, King and a half-breed stone bearing the names of Alfred months old, had the sense to go up to named Charles Burnaby left the schoo Denis Faber who died October 20, the house screaming at what he had ner and went ashore on a small island. 1899, his daughter, Dorothy de Dibon seen and so attracting Mother’s atten King’s gun, a double barrelled English Faber (aged four years) and of his two tion. Father was away in Alberni that

B.C. Historical News S day and what a terrible tragedy for Street off Beaver Creek is owned by the north side of the Somass River, Mother to face. The two girls’ bodies the city. The property was bought near River Bend. The Clark family were found further along the shore from Dan Clark in 1892. A visitor became one of the first genuine settlers and all three were beyond all aid. entering the small gate of the Green in the Alberni Valley. Surveyers Mother always maintained that if Em- wood Cemetery will almost imme became necessary and the westerly my had only stopped to take off her diately have his eye confronted by the portion of the area was transferred to long skirt, both sisters might have sur words on a monument . . . ‘an early the Roman Catholic Church. The land vived because they were both quite pioneer’; next would be the resting then comprised 160 acres. Dan Clark’s strong swimmers. My father was place of the first mayor of the once final resting place is here in the pro buried in the ground on Faber proper proud city of Alberni. One would then perty which he once donated to his ty along with the girls. The property see the grave of a man who became the Church. This quiet little cemetery on was already consecrated by a visiting first recipient of the Old Age Pension top of the hill is the last resting place Bishop from Victoria, who, when he in Canada. In the same locality, the for many other Valley pioneers, and had arrived at the Lake, broke out into grave of A.W. Neill who was respon some of the headstones are unique. surprised exclamations, for it was sible for the same. A.W. Neill, once One, an attractive oval shaped stone, discovered that the Bishop had been a member of Parliament for this dis marks the grave of Audrey W. Sell, contemporary with my father at Rep- trict, deeply involved in obtaining the who died on June 10, 1891, aged 4 ton Public School.” Federal Legislation which provided for years, 7 months and 1 day. It has a The title to the lot of land where the the Old Age Pension in Canada, stated caption: four were buried has remained with “So generally it was recognized Sleep on In Thy Beauty the Faber family although the surroun at Ottawa that I was the moving spirit Thou Sweet Angel Child ding property was purchased by a Mr. in the agitation for the Old Age Pen By Sorrow Unblighted Kjekstad. Mr. Kjekstad replaced the sion, that, when the Act was brought By Sin Undefiled. Faber headstone in 1950 and assured into being, the permanent officials, After all these years, the words still the family that he would look after the without my asking it, offered me the portray the deep sorrow felt by her grave so long as he was there. He said opportunity of having the first Old grieving family. Many tombstones lie “My work in connection with it Age Pensioner come from my district, in jumbled disarray, and some are has been a pleasure. . . a sort of silent and I have a photo of myself handing completely obliterated by time and salute to the sturdy pioneers of whom Bill Derby the first cheque. It was weather. The Roman Catholic Church I am a great admirer.” In recent years cheque number 1 and I gave Mr. Der records however, go back as far as the the Second Arrowsmith Boy Scout by the cash, and still have the cheque. 1880’s. Most of these early records are troop has taken responsibility for an Mr. Derby passed on several years ago in French, and record the oldest inter occasional clean-up of this plot. and I saw that his grave in the Alber ment as being that of A. Marchmont Two other gravesites have joined the ni Valley (Greenwood) Cemetery is who died in 1876. (It is assumed that ranks of the unknown. That of Mrs. marked as being that of the first Old the body of A. Marchmont must have Eleanor Cook, who was buried on Age Pensioner in Canada!” been moved to that location in view Lakeshore Road on the property now The Roman Catholic Church Ceme of the fact that the property that the called the Maples. Mrs. Cook was tery is located on the hill just above cemetery is on was not donated by the buried there in 1925. That of a young the site of the First Catholic Church Clarks until a few years later.) All the girl, Aimee Rennie Armand, who which was approximately on the cor deaths recorded (13) between 1881 - drowned while crossing the Somass ner of what is now River Road and 1885 were those of Native Indians. All River on her way to school. She was Falls Road. Tse-Wees-Tah says this denominations were buried here buried on the bank of the river, close about that first Catholic Church because it was the only piece of con to the Crossing. Today, there is so sign “Picturesque and close to the road, secrated ground in the Valley during of the exact gravesites. My husband about 80 yards from the bridge on the the 1880’s. remembers tidying up this gravesite Alberni side. On the opposite side of There are many other Native Burial when he was active with the Boy Scout the road, was a bell on a 16 foot high Grounds that are remembered by old Group many years ago. timber framed stand, set up right on time residents. One, just beyond Mis The Beaver Creek Cemetery — circa the bank of the river. The priest or sion Road on Sproat Lake Road is no 1886 — was never consecrated. An un some other settler had at some time longer in existence after a logging road suitable site had been chosen for this scattered foxglove seeds here. When was constructed through it. There was cemetery. The relatives of those buried in bloom they made a lovely sight, a burial cave across from Hoim Island, there had the bodies removed for re for they flowered around in great and also a burial tree on River Road, interment into the Greenwood Ceme profusion.” a large spruce tree, at the north end tery when it was finally established. The property for the Roman Catho of what is now Clutesi Haven Marina. One grave was left undisturbed, resting lic Church and Cemetery was donated Another Native cemetery is located on quite near the Beaver Creek Road. The by Dan Clark. The Clarks, Dan and the corner of Josephine Street and Greenwood Cemetery on Josephine his mother, moved onto 320 acres on Beaver Creek Road. The neat wooden

B.C. Historical News 9 cemeteries be restored and maintain ed as closely as possible to the original. Ketha Adams, writer of “Katimavik” sums up ‘Cemeteries’ in a few short words “To the Historian or Museologist, a

Cemetery is an Artifact — material

evidence of a culture — of beliefs and customs and art forms expressing the life and times of the community which created it!”

Bibliography “Just One Of Us” by Anne Traves (M. de D. Donaldson nee Faber). “Tse-Wees-Tah” by George Bird. Archives of the Alberni Valley Historical Society. Archives of the Notre Dame Parish of the Roman Catholic Church. Local Interviews. East Indian Funeral at the waterfront. A pyre was created out of refuse lumber and slabs for the cremation of their dead. Joan Thompson is a member of the Alberni Valley Historical Society. Her husband, Art, is a grandson of one of the Aiberni Valley’s ear fence, around the newest graves iii this residents remember that plots for this ly pioneers, dating back to 1886. The Thomp little cemetery, has been painted. cemetery were sold ‘door to door’ in Sons currently reside on the original homestead. There are many more very old graves its formative days. This cemetery is scattered here and there in the wood located just off the highway at the east around the enclosure, most of whose entrance to Port Alberni. markers are indiscernable. Today, the The first undertaking service in Port Natives are using a cemetery located Alberni was owned by A.W. Heath on Hector Road just above the Somass and J.J. Paul, who combined this River. business with carpentry. It is no coin The East Indian Community in the cidence in those early days that these Alberni Valley at one time had a small two businesses complemented each settlement down near the waterfront other. The business was taken over by in the vicinity of what was then known George Forrest in 1909 and moved to as Alberni Pacific Lumber Co. A pyre where the Clutesi Haven Marina is would be created out of refuse lumber now. Later it was relocated on Burke and slabs for the cremation of their Street awaiting completion of contruc dead. The location of this was between tion on 100 Block-2nd Avenue. Mr. the E & N Railway track and the Forrest retired in the early 1940’s. The waterfront. The East Indian people Stephens family took over from Mr. also had a cremation site at the Great Forrest and built the present Chapel Central Lake Sawmill. In 1943 they ac of Memories on 6th Avenue in 1964 quired 7¼ acres on Saunders Road, and it was in turn purchased by Mr. which has been upgraded over the Hagel in 1972. Mountain View years to the present facility still in use. Funeral Home located on 4th Avenue With a donation to the East Indian was in business in the early 1950’s. It committee Cemetery Fund, a person closed its doors in 1956. of any race or denomination may be Vandalism, disrepair and desecra cremated at no charge. tion seems to plague cemeteries over The Alberni Valley Memorial Gar the years, and the Alberni Valley has dens is a privately owned cemetery been no exception. We seem to have which was in use in 1953. The property an ongoing record via newspaper ar for this cemetery was once Crown ticles and letters to the editor of these Land, auctioned off and bought by problems. Any changes have been two brothers named Hagel. The Valley fought by historians to ensure that

B.C. Historical News 10 fact, the availability of fodder often determined whether man or beast would be called on to carry needed supplies. The soft blowing grass of mountain meadows above timber line, Getting Around the rank growth of river verges were not adequately spaced for every journey, even in the mountain in the Kootenays summers. Where there were horses, there had to be livery stables and blacksmiths. Children passing to school might see the smith at work in a place cavernous and deep. How huge the dray horses Clare McAllister were! But they lifted up the foot to be shod, when the smith gave his par ticular slap. And the sparks flew up high as the flight of sparrows, who were also in the strawy space, and who also flew when the smith struck the iron. “Shanks mare”, one foot put whet his fellow travellers’ appetites, Livery stables and smithys, as base before another, was, of course, the but was more likely to make it through for saddle horses, pack horses and earliest and most reliable form of to the end of the trail than those who horse-drawn rigs of various sorts, transportation in the Kootenays. Stout thought elevating the foot against the brought problems other than dust for boots counted for a good deal. One packsack was quite sufficient. That housewives. For each had its attendant early chronicler speaks of slow decay, newcomers did not always copy the ex piles of manure, scraped outdoors not only “saddle bags gone — patch perienced on first observation may from well-kept stables, with yellow ed with flour sacks” but “B’s shoes have accounted for their being known stains seeping out into winter’s deepest gave out — took to his stockings.” as tenderfeet? snows, with vortices of flies in sum That could be sorrow, indeed! Dub- ‘While a new article, “rubbers,” was mer heat. One can understand why the bin or neat’s foot oil kept boots advertised in the mid-90’s, rubbers and old church-sponsored recipe books, in reasonably waterproof. Wet boots, metal-clasped, rubberized cloth over their “household hints”, often had warmed by campfires or cabin stoves shoes were not durable enough for the suggestions for removing fly specks must be oiled to keep them from stif trails, so were worn mostly in towns. from gold picture-frames; why “sum fening up. Hob nails, Swiss edge nails, While they kept the feet dry, they were mer complaint” was the scourge most the long spikes mysteriously known as slippery on snow or ice, and offered feared by mothers of weanling infants. “corks” might keep feet from slipp no sure footing on the elevated There was one other sort of ing on rock, or snow, or glaciers, or wooden sidewalks that were replacing transport where the horse supplied the moss-covered logs over foaming the old paths. “Snow creepers” were power. Out of the cities, beyond even

streams. However, they did not always also advertised — and who could now the most vertical, most switchbacked serve, and early newspapers chronicle fancy what they were, who had not roads, were claims and mines being men (lugged in for medical care) who seen them? — small metal prods or worked. This was industry. Ore must had broken their knee-caps, crossing prickles, which clamped under the rub be got out for assay or for smelting. a creek, or who died of falls on slipp ber insteps, ensuring traction if the Where roads did not reach, ore ing rocks. In winter, “German socks” foot began to slide down icy inclines. shipments still went out in winter: by might be worn. Of heavy wool, they Saddle horses and pack horses fre sacking ore, wrapping it in untanned had drawstrings with metal ends, quently companioned the booted trail hides and “rawhiding” out the mum which could pull the sock tight and ex walker. “Blue” (whose packs held the mylike bundles bouncing and slipping, clude snow from boot-tops. Melted gold, so must have been sure-footed), rope trailing in the snow. Once snow inside foot gear made for no “Little Roan”, “One-eye George” reaching a level space, they were pull comfort on long journeys. Obliged to and “Gray” were gratefully ed behind horses, who braced back tramp, experienced men wisely lavish remembered by Bushby when he wrote with all four feet on minor grades. ed their feet with attentive care. The his journal. “The swamps are dread Eventually such loads got down to man who removed his socks, turned ful, and snow on the summit — our where teams of heavy draught horses them inside out and massaged his feet horses are nearly starved, eat their could haul ore-laden drays or sleighs at the noon stop, did not necessarily ropes and pack-saddle strapping.” In on roads, which could get to where

11 B.C. Historical News steamer and rail freighting were dle, alone or with a string of pack Kootenays. Towns might be rivalrous. possible. ponies, were the canoes that first stir Nelson banqueters parodied, “Let us In the days before the Kettle Valley red the lakes. The canoe of the Kutenai eat, drink and be merry, for tomor Railway broke through the Coquihalla Indians varied much from the row we might be in Kaslo.” Hockey Pass to the Fraser at Hope, Kootenay forward-thrusting prows of the great sports chanted, “Trail players go to passengers travelled by rail to the foot hollowed cedar canoes of the coastal heaven, Nelson players go to h----” (— of the Arrow Lakes. Thence they went tribes, and nearly as much again from which was going TOO far). Though up the lakes by steamer, and there at the graciously curved bows of Eastern towns might compete, they were as one lakehead took the CPR to the Coast. birch bark canoes. While, like the lat in demanding wharves, from the dis An alternative was to go to Spokane, ter, Kutenai canoe had a criss-crossed tant coastal government of the Washington, and take Great Northern wooden frame work, (in pre-trade province. Railway to Seattle, and thence to times covered with aider or birch bark, Stern wheeler cargoes can be deduc Coastal B.C. and later with painted canvas) its shape ed from early advertisements. Building In those days, a train was a very was much different. Both bow and materials had priority, along with what gritty vehicle. The grit in winter con stern receded from the nose towards the miner and prospector re sisted of small raspy coal cinders, the water-line at a sharply declining quired: doors, sash, blinds, nails, seemingly on everything. These could angle. Of narrow beam, for the hinges, glass, putty, sheet iron pipe, scarcely have got from the panting uninitiated they were more prone to tip terra cotta pipe, along with tinware, engine’s coal-car or smoke-stack, than anything anywhere afloat. They steel, blasting powder, caps and fuses, through two layers of window glass, were certainly intended for moccasined camp outfits. Transportation of barring out the winter mountains’ feet, and not those clumsily and insen passengers was speeding up, too, and cold. More likely they were produced sitively shod. While with only two pad it was noted in August of 1890 that so by the stove that provided heat, at the dles they scarcely troubled the lakes’ meone had hit the lake, after only six end of each passenger car. This surfaces, they could make great speed, days’ travel from San Francisco. We moloch had necessarily to be sur leaving an arrowy track with little could then find stores stocked with a rounded, when in transit, by its own wake. Certainly the early explorers wondrous variety of underwear: supply of coal and its own ashes. It Thompson, Baillie-Grohman and natural wool, canton flannel, balbrig could, when refuelled and shaken others must have welcomed the oppor gan, cotton and all wool. There was down, emit sulphurous fumes and tunity to glide along a 100-mile lake, gambling on the steamers, and the clouds of coal smoke, as well as grit. rather than fight their way through newspapers did not hesitate to allude Passages through tunnels with the ex mountain and valley. to particular triumphs or failures. On citement of lit lamps, could, in any Later, when the settlements one occasion there was a little game case, provide a choking ordeal, for developed, these Indian canoes, ashore, its outcome to decide who somehow the engine fumes, confined (glimpsed only rarely, as when shiny should take passage on the “Idaho”, by tunnel walls, got into all the cars. black mountain huckleberries were to reach an assayer and have the first Further contributing to hissing and brought down for sale, in August,) report on hoped-for ore values. In that smell, could be the passage of the con were replaced by more manageable year, there were hopes of pile-driving ductor or trainman to light the sway small craft: clinker-built and occa starting for a wharf at Nelson, but ing oil lamps that hung from the ceil sional flat-bottomed rowboats, Kaslo was reminding hopefuls that it ing. A flaring wick and the scent of “peterborough” and “patent” canoes, offered “the easiest way to the coal oil, if not a falling drop of oil, oddly brought from the East. Flat- Slocan”. Through the years we hear then entered in the dark, making it bottomed sculls for single and team of the steamers. While the Literary harder to discern outsides’ ghostly rowing competition, launches to con and Social Club was debating female rush of trees and snow-clad stumps. vey fishermen, duck hunters, and suffrage, and while the meat market From such hot, coal-reeking family picnic parties, stirred the lakes’ was announcing it sold its wares passenger cars, small children, weary, reflection of glacier, of green or rocky “C.O.D. and no jawbone”, the nodding, jiggling, might descend into peaks. They served too for summer steamer “Kaslo” was laid up, ice a station hack, which carried parents “idling”, minnow watching, hand- bound. There was excitement because and luggage and child. The horse- trailing, a private island for talks. steamers were to have “powerful elec drawn hack’s black, creaking, leather- But, whether for utility, commerce, tric searchlights”. smelling depths were chill as iron. The transit, or pleasure, the lake steamers Ball teams, celebrants of 1st July driver’s plume of icy breath, twin fed the life of the country. Their shif and other festivals, and men content plumes from the team of horses ting skeins of stops of call, at the min with long, snaky, black, heavy pokes frosted the winter’s night, as the train’s ing camps, at the budding fruit farms of gold travelled on the boats. They passengers were driven towards home. at the ends of short railways, or where were not uncompanioned by sorrow. From all such modes of getting roads and trails wound vertically up In January of 1894 a man “chattiest about, lake travel offered luxurious toward the peaks — their stops knit and pleasantest of all on the steamer relief. Better than afoot or in the sad- them all into a community, the “Lytton,” drew a “44 at Nakusp, call- B.C. Historical News 12 ed out compliments of the season” deed, in a city partly ascending vertical and flaming sunsets. Lucky children and put a bullet through his head. The mountains, and partly extending along had “Flexible Fliers”, a patent sled steamer “Hunter” capsized on the lakeshore to the suburb of Fairview that steered well. Small fry rated only Slocan. The new steamer “Interna (often in those days referred to as rigid sleds. Young people, even adults, tional” intended to offer a free Bogustown) the tram cars offered con might have communal ownership of excursion. siderable aid and comfort. Those who bobsleds, which provided a rush of Indeed, events tied to the steamers did not have telephones need no longer speed and thudding bumps, more im kept them always in the news. They walk to grocer and butcher. Families pressive than that given by toboggans, carried not only poor or sudden rich who wanted to picnic on the sandy that would hold only two or three. The prospectors, and hopeful fruit ran tree-shaded shore could put baskets crew of a bobsled, legs up or legs chers, but millionaire investors like and children on the cars, and get less down, braking to the steersman’s Count Riondel, and vice-regal parties. wearily home from their excursion. shout, was a vision of glory as knit to In 1898 Governor General and Lady Before the steamboats had ceased to ques and mittens flashed by. “Track!” Aberdeen were feted with streets lit travel the lake, the automobile had ar the crew yelled in warning, as it sped with over one thousand Chinese rived. This was not necessarily coin down the slide. Winter also afforded lanterns, with carriages and a fire- cidental with the existence of what the fun of skating, which was good in brigade parade, with a public luncheon would now be called roads. High- rinks, which every community and toasts. In 1906 Earl and Countess standing, brass-bound Fords on nar boasted, but best where a sudden Grey and their vice-regal entourage row roads could cause horses to rear freeze-up brought clear black ice to a were met at Kootenay Landing by as vertically as the mountains. Back lake, lit by flaming winter constella Nelson’s mayor and judge. When the up the car half a mile to find a place tions. This was getting about for fun, SS “Kuskanook” got within three to pass? No other way! Mud, dust, as was the skiing on Rossland’s miles of the city, it was met by corduroy roads, nothing deterred the famous Red Mountain. decorated launches, canoes and cars. They boiled easily, one must ad Snowshoeing was often for fun. rowboats, in a flotilla. mit. Some child’s job then was to run Mixed parties, that is “gentlemen”, The feel of the sternwheelers’ with water can to the nearest creek and “ladies” with long skirts trailing speedy, but somehow stately progress (pronounced “crick” and no other in the snow, went for extended is cherished in many a still-living way). Kootenay drivers felt lucky to snowshoe hikes and came home to hot memory. Some may recall a small in be in a country where streams were so suppers, cheeks flaming from the cold cident, like a swimming deer glimps handy, never less than a mile of air. Snowshoes could also afford the ed from the old “Minto” on the Ar passage affording fresh runnels and trapper or prospector a means of get row Lakes. Kootenay Lake travellers waterfalls. Hazel and alder branches ting into town for mail and supplies, recall a succession of views from the impinged on the narrowing road, a long trip from a distant cabin. A “Kuskanook” or later “palatial SS through the car’s flapping, button- paper of 1897 shows they did not Nasookin”, proceeding up the lake down side-curtains. In those days it always make it: “exhausted prospec from Nelson: Five Mile Point, Willow might take a day to go from Nelson tor frozen two miles from camp — Point, the powder house, Ten Mile to Trail. The return journey is now on tripped on snowshoe.” Point, Balfour, Harrop, Pilot Bay ly an evening’s spin. As no-one had yet So then, as now, by whatever Smelter, Riondel, and on through the thought of spare tires, the seven numerous devices men sought to ease main lake, rocky shores alternating blowouts that might occur, en route, the toil of travel, some did not come with truly golden sand, beyond and afforded time to admire the river mists through. above them the peaks, where glacial curling down the valley, along the snow cooled the summer air. An even Slocan Pool. Patching kit and hand- ing trip, in particular, afforded scent- pump had full play. There was one laden drafts of cool and warm, vary supreme hill (long ago circumvented ing as air flowed down rockslide creek by other routes) which skunked even indentation, gulley and mountain the car’s lowest gear. All passengers flank. The bubbling wake, the steadi descended to push, in ankle-deep, hot ly turning wheel had some hypnotic ef yellow dust. How wonderful to reach fect, left some special imprint. the top and bowl away again, past Having a special fascination at the stands of lively-smelling tamarack and time, though less novel in retrospect, bull pine. “A car sure gets you there”, was Nelson’s brilliant coup of setting people thought, superior to slow mov up its own street railway system: all ing horse-drawn rigs, left behind in a of two tramcars! First passengers were trail of dust. invited aboard in December of 1899. Winter had speeding pleasures, too, It is probable that people came a long utility forgotten. With the short winter way to see and ride in them. But in- days came leather-squeaking snow,

B.C. Historical News 13

14

B.C. Historical News

to mining thanks gold 10,000 around Creek Telegraph from Stikine River

of population temporary, the though along downstream miles teen

an had estimated, 1899, in Six

which, Lake. Buckley and Lake,

tenajon

of District the Saanich.

as as Atlin far survey The went Eddon Lake, Kinaskan Lake, Quinn

Municipal Corporation is of the for Archivist

and

Bob squirrels. munks Lake, Tiegen Lake, Bowser the of and Historical section B.C. Federation

chip porcupines, deer, mule coyotes, as at places such survey Castle president the of past is Geoffrey helicopter Victoria

bear, black were wolves, evidence the set for up were camps Main

Service, 1951 Lands

in Also special with lure. hour no an

Wolverine.”

of British the of Report Columbia. Province

to half in day’s the limit “The possible catch him dubbing

Indians Tahitan

by graphical Mapping helicopter. ‘52. Jan.

it entirely was and 2-lbs. the in to up resulted weight animals small and

G.C. Canadian Emerson, Topo

Surveyor.

trout

Kamloops Cut-throat

and berries bow, on local to survive ability

article. January, 1957 Travel.

Rain abundant lakes

with The were and

resourcefulness his area, Lake Modern Geoffrey. Motoring Castle, and

1951). summer the of in observed were Kinaskan the in working While 1913. B.C.L.S.

200 numbering caribou in herds (3 and

144, number commission G.S.

veyor’s Roll Nominal Andrews, Cumulative —

sheep moose, were sur numerous Fairly his received and in 1908 Canada bia Place Names.

Akrigg, and Colum B. G.P.V. British Helen ground. to high the usually kept bears to came Monckton Africa, South in

References. Goats grizzly and salmon. migrating Born same area. the in contract under

feed on would which eagles bald and work preliminary some did Monckton

37. along north Highway ptarmigan, geese, grouse, ducks, as Marmaduke Philip when earlier

to be cannot fail sensed when driving such years life wild teemed with area to The 20 some contrast a was This

is magic This the just that of part off gold for prospectors. place starting supplies. of and men ments

there. recovered a 35 was saloons 1898 and boasted move frequent in assist to Services,

which ounces saw of 40,000 gold in which, of townsite Glenora the was Air Okanagan from a mechanic and

pilots two with rented helicopter 47

to the out trunks metal tree keep attached

animals. helped marauding a Bell and Airlines, Charlotte Queen

at party’s storehouse Survey Bowser constructed

Lake, The 1950. September

to pilot belonging and seaplane man

Norse a be to proved transportation

of useful modes two the in party, men

30 to up trees. With built the in cache

a in stored were equipment camping

and gear foods, canned season, each

of h end the At Lake. Atlin to Hazelton

from route Highway Western (Alaska)

h proposed the for surveys topographic

conducted Government B.C. the 1951,

and 1949 between summer, Each

Castle Geoffrey

Y WA HIGH

WESTERN THE

FOR SURVEY PEACE RIVER JIM

Tom H. Inkster “Peace River Jim” and Tom Inkster. Known for his efforts to settle the Peace River area, and one of the most colorful personalities of the Canadian North, J.K. Corn wall piloted scows through the rapids dur ing the gold rush of ‘98. He commanded a battalion in France in WWI, earning the D.S.O. Owning river boats, he was a pioneer in northern transportation. While many men have pioneered gold at the rainbow’s end. ly, Cornwall, with the assistance of and explored Canada’s northland, Having done some freighting on the Herbert Vanderhoof, editor of J.K. Cornwall had a leading role in its Athabasca, Jim Cornwall knew every C.P.R. ‘s “Canada West” magazine, development. A legend in his own whirl, rock and eddy in the rapids, and organized 18 leading writers and time, he was born in Brantford, On when best to navigate them with safe agriculturists from Canada and the tario in 1869. At the age of 27, after ty. Piloting gold seekers in scows at the United States who accepted the free much travel and unusual experiences, beginning of the longest, and most journey through a (then) remote part he was working on western railroad strenuous journey in the history of the of Alberta. In later years he would construction before going north. search for gold, he acquired sizeable campaign for a rail line from Van Cornwall arrived in Edmonton, funds. couver to the Peace River district. then little more than a village, and The Klondike gold rush over, Jim Under the able leadership of James struck out for Athabasca Landing, to operated a string of Peace River Kennedy Cornwall, M.P.P. for the become a trapper and fur trader trading posts in partnership with W.F. Peace River constituency, the party of among the Indians. Then George Cor Bredin. When the company was sold writers and professors set off from Ed mack’s squaw, while washing clothes to Revillon Freres, Cornwall formed monton for Athabasca Landing on Ju one August day in 1896, found a nug the Northwest Transportation Com ly 27, 1910. Cornwall had arranged for get in what became Bonanza Creek. pany, which operated several steam the perfect movement of the expedi The magic word “gold” boomed out boats on the Athabasca and Slave tion which took four weeks and of the Klondike, and Jim found Rivers and on Lesser Slave Lake. covered over two thousand miles by himself in the midst of fortune hunters When the Canadian Northern wagon, steamboat and foot. Good ac drawn like a magnet from all over the Railway built a line from Edmonton commodation and fine food amply world. to Athabasca Landing, Cornwall supplied was thoroughly enjoyed by Oldtimers and tenderfeet, honest realized this could be the link needed the men who were pleasantly impress men and scoundrels, hurdled the to boost his steamship business and, ed in their travels through the land rapids of the Athabasca, descended the at the same time, open up the Peace awaiting settlement. Slave and Mackenzie, went up the Peel River area to hundreds of settlers from While the expedition made the and hiked over the Divide to the Klon the United States and eastern Canada. Peace River country known across dike, where they fully expected to find To publicize the Peace River coun Canada and the United States, it is riches beyond their wildest dreams. try, with rich soil where grain, doubtful if it helped Cornwall finan Very few of them found their pot of vegetables and flowers grew profuse- cially, though it did earn him the sobri

B.C. Historical News 15 Wood-burning paddle-wheel steamboat Northland Echo, operating between the northern rail terminus and Fort Fritzgerald at the southern end of the 16-mile Smith Portage. Tom Inkster was purser on the Echo for a season. quet “Peace River Jim”. His boats managing trading posts and transpor Arctic and formed a close association faded from the scene as the Grand tation on the Athabasca, Slave and with Cornwall that endured through Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Nor Mackenzie Rivers. He was barely back the years. thern pushed their lines westward from in harness when in 1920, the discovery Most of the drillers were brought in Edmonton and provided an easier of oil below Fort Norman cracked the from Texas and Oklahoma oil fields, route to the Peace. Edson became the Mackenzie Basin wide open with and the North certainly handed them jumping off place for a track (later an another rush of fortune hunters. I was a few surprises. One time I was tell improved highway) which led many one of them. ing a lanky lad from Texas that he settlers to the Peace River area. Having more enthusiasm than would soon be seeing the Midnight Due to the Athabasca River rapids knowledge about oil, I did not stake Sun and would be able to read a book being safely navigable only at high my claim in the right place. Out of by continuous daylight, to which he water, the transportation operational funds, I had to quickly find work of burst out with, “If I can go back to base for supplying settlements along any kind and approached Jim Cor Texas and make them believe that, I’ll the chain of rivers to the Arctic was nwall. I asked him for a deckhand job. be able to make them believe moved to the end-of-steel at Water “There is no opening for a anything!” ways on the Clearwater, and a few deckhand,” Cornwall stated with a Jim Cornwall stands out as the most years later to Fort McMurray, where faint touch of regret. Then, with a pix fascinating man I have ever known. the Clearwater joins the Athabasca ie smile, he said, “I don’t suppose you With an abounding sense of humor, River. would be interested in a job as a honor and the theatrical, he could talk In 1905 Cornwall had formed the purser.” And that is how I became Cree with any Indian and joke with Athabasca Railway Company line purser on steamboats operating to the footloose prospectors like they were from Edmonton to Waterways. Fail ing to obtain financial support, he sold J f4; his interests in 1908 to a syndicate which eventually built the scandal- I DISrv ridden Alberta and Great Waterways Railway from Edmonton to Water ways and Fort McMurray. It was bare ly completed when a comic opera plot in the Balkans, fired by young Bos nians — who hated their new Austrian rulers more than the Turks — assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdi nand and started World War I. Peace River Jim organized a bat talion and led it to France and Flanders, and was decorated by both England and France. Home again, Colonel Cornwall became involved in The writer at the oil wells below Fort Norman. B.C. Historical News 16 Fort McMurray in the early 1920s, before the discovery of oil, pitchblende (radium ore) and gold. Population of the sleepy village has zoomed to over 25,000 with development of the tar sands. old buddies. Self-educated, always he laughed and said, “The way of the Orient and South Pacific, I was again with a book at hand, he could hold his transgressor is hard.’’ “down north”, being amazed at the own with any university professor and I worked on the river boats in the tremendous changes. This was the talk finance with bankers in New York summer and spent the intervening “new” North. Prospectors were being and London. There was the touch of winter in the “old” North. Radio and flown to likely locations and the moc Barnum, but he was all man, solid as the airplane had not yet arrived and casin telegraph was replaced by radio a rock, generous, kindly, and ever will dogs were necessary for travel. I read stations. Fast diesel-powered boats ing to help an unfortunate fellow every book I could get my hands on were on the rivers. Norman Wells was down on his luck. He had that rare and was entertained nightly by the in production. Beehive activity was ability to turn a difficult problem in dancing lights of the aurora borealis. everywhere, but it was still a land of to an amusing incident. Next spring I was on the rivers again. rugged beauty and simple philosophy, The Indians admired Cornwall and In due time far-off places beckoned. fortitude and a few luxuries inter would double up with laughter over his Ten years later pitchblende (radium woven with humor. amazing yarns. One day we were ore), gold and other mineral finds were I was kept busy getting supplies unloading freight for a happy Metis shaking the North. After travels to pushed through, by transit down the fellow who had set himself up as a Canada’s Arctic islands on the famed Mackenzie, up through the Great Bear trader at Fort Simpson. He complain Nascopie, in Alaska, and through the River rapids and across Great Bear ed about the carrying charge and Cor nwall said, “I’m not making big money. Look at the patches on my pants.” The trader smiled and said, “Long time I know you, Cornwall. Always you have patches on your pants.” Cornwall roared with laughter. Never the touchy kind who always wanted the joke to be on the other fellow, Cornwall could laugh at himself. Like the time Captain Lou Morton was landing a steamboat at Fort McMurray. Jim had been imbib ing a bit from the cup that cheers and, as he stood on the dock telling Cap tain Lou how and where to dock, he Before the advent of the airplane and, in later years, the snowmobile, all winter became excited and flopped into the travel in the Far North was by dog team. river. Kidded later about the incident,

B.C. Historical News 17

18

News B.C. Historical

in kept I minerals. of search in thland Davis wish. his fulfill rmsdto promised Jim

nor the entire over wings his spread to here.” be bured to I want I die when

holdings trading and interests shipping “Jim, said, “Twelvefoot” below,

his up

gave Cornwall delivery. quick pedout spread Rivers Smoky and Peace

requiring cargoes moving for boats the of valley the overlooking a hill

river replaced airplane the as place atop hycamped they when evening One

taking were changes Transportation partners. and friends fast became

reserves. game Davis and Cornwall gold. in $15,000

unfenced largest world’s the of one than more yielded claim 12-foot His

in creatures fellow their with mingle staked. promptly he which feet, by 12

to

Park National Buffalo Wood to limit the exceeded at Barkervifie claims

River Slave the down and Athabasca two that noticed he when nickname the

Lake across River, Athabasca and fame international acquired Davis

the down moved then Waterways, H.T. his height. for not but Davis”,

to

Edmonton through by rail shipped “Twelvefoot was name His Columbia.

were animals magnificent the of 7000 British in the Cariboo to him led riches

interest, Jim’s Through slaughtered. of lure the before rush gold California

be to due Park, Wainwright Alberta’s the in been had who American

of acres

broad the on buffalo plains aged a lanky met Cornwall country

surplus through about came signment River Peace the entering after Soon

con unusual One Knox. Fort from correspondent!”.

gold of shipment a than security more a war was “I poker-faced,

with china Ming like handled whiskey he replied, 1893, of ing Panic the

greatness. into of cases emerge Empire including cargoes, strange dur to Ohio, Washington Massillow,

Northern

a some Canadian prosperous of carried boats Cornwall’s of a businessman Coxey, S. Jacob

dream his

he witnessed country,

and by led men protesting

unemployed

door. cabin his he locked never And

River Peace the

to Coast the

Pacific

thousand hundred one of group

friend,

man’s every He was

from

completed so advocated ardently a Army”, “Coxey’s in doing was

he

route rail the

awaited long he saw

reads: he what him asked I When tales. tall

in Calgary,

stone Hospital the 86 Veterans in the on inscription The chose. and true at his I laughed night after

age of the at 1955 in died, he

he Before place resting final the at friend Night company. in his when moment

hand. helping

and an old his ever-ready

buried he but country, the of a dull knew never and Jim River Peace

outlook and a

friendly happy taining

part distant a in and own his on then with a cabin shared I summer whole

re

while

and fellowman, his was

himself Cornwall later. time some died one For Mine. Eldorado to Lake

lost in faith he never which during

an was adventure, life Cornwall’s

supplies. and

a

trail.” new

blazing

equipment of all types hauling in factor important an

still

is

boat

River zie

in

thrill

enough There’s not matter.

the

MacKen but

cargo, perishable mail and fly Planes boat!” the comes

“Here

does If

it not, fine. it doing while —

you money make If go ahead. to has

“Somebody say, to used He tion Gulf.

Corona on Coppermine and Aklavik

to Mc Fort and Murray Waterways

from his mark and left country, River

Peace to the, fabulous entry for door

He the opened awaiting there. tunities

and oppor possibilities the of aware

people in man making single other

any than more did Jim River Peace

but northland, Canada’s developing

in involved have been men Many

sea. at lost was son only his

a him when sad for blow was It mould.

old mother in wealth hidden for search

to he old continued as growing of him

think II, never could and War World

during overseas him while with touch HISTORY FOR THE BROWNIES

Jacqueline Gresko

A few years ago British Columbia The requirements include: about a story and poems by Dan Historical News suggested that 1. Learn your provincial song or George, the coming of fur traders to members of branches encourage future a song about your province. Fort Victoria, their own museum visits• historians by volunteering to test OR Listen to or read a story or and their own projects. Some of their Brownie or Guide History badges. poem by a writer from your drawings and writeups are included. When I commented informally on province. Their coloring of the provincial flag having done several Brownie Pack 2. Know the capital of your pro and dogwood craft would not tests at the February 1987 federation vince and tell about its transport well but were lovely to see. executive meeting, some members sug beginning. Mr. Andrews would be happy to know gested that I write this topic up for the 3. Visit a museum or a site of they had also constructed a salt and News. One member involved with historical interest in your pro flour topographic model of the pro Beavers and Cubs expressed hopes vince. Draw a picture or tell a vince including all northern mountain such an article might be used to prod story about it. ranges. the scout movement into developing OR Learn about some of the early I really must commend the Brownie similar badges. So here, thanks to settlers in your province. Draw leaders for imagination and effort. Mrs. Annabelle Cutting and the a picture or tell about these Most of the girls have as yet had no Steveston Brownies, is a report on a people. history in school. To them history Brownie Provincial Heritage Badge 4. Recognize and tell about two comes from TV: the Pilgrims arrive test. of the following in your pro for American Thanksgiving or Laura Mrs. Cutting invited me to test the vince: the coat of arms, the Ingalls goes West. Brownies at their weekly meeting in provincial flower, the flag. Suggestions for future Brownie Steveston United Church Hall on The Steveston Brown Owl, her badge work include recommen February 24, 1987. The Brownies are assistants and the volunteers at the ding: Emily Carr, The Book of Small girls aged 6 to 8 attending grades 1 to Steveston and Burnaby Heritage (Toronto: Irwin, 1966), paperback; 3 in school. For the Provincial Village museums had helped the Sound Heritage booklets from the Heritage Badge the purpose is listed Brownies do projects and prepare to Provincial Archives Victoria: No. 40 as “to help the Brownie discover the answer my questions on these re Imbert Orchard, Growing Up in the richness of her provincial heritage.” quirements. The Brownies told me Valley or No. 37 Floodland and Forest

B.C. Historical News 19

20 B.C. News Historical

Dieuwke by and boardwalks. machines

tubs, a washing pig,” bath “blind died. man the and broken

Office, Steveston Post the buildings,” safe the and got safe the behind stood

brick of “old representations the so man time in stop not could

creative were that wonderfully there man they the saw they When fire.

say to the Suffice it by children. mitted had a the truck fire and street the of

sub the artwork reproduce to unable middle safe the a on went with man

Unfortunately were we note. Editor’s this and a fire big was There couver.

to from it Van get had it water, fresh

any It have not did fishing town. little

a was Steveston sidewalks. for wood

it old had was Steveston When

Steveston

opener. can the have to lucky

were They the clothes. dry to things

circle two through it put you then top

the twist and tub a in it put something

against it scrub they clothes their

wash they way toilet. The the clean to

had you because mom the be to like

I wouldn’t week. a for dress same the

wearing boring be would because it it

like would I think don’t I girl a then

was I If weird. so is iron curling The

light. to hard too it’s of lamp, kind

that have to hate I’d it. in fit wouldn’t

you small so is tub bath The museum!

the to went we when fun was It

the Museum to A Visit

Diana by

a room. like living eat

where guest room they a last was room

and a the bedroom rooms was other

of one kitchen the and room was one

three there rooms were upstairs was

bank above which the bank, the above

which upstairs was lived manager

people. museum and parents

guiders,

a and was Post the Bank Office The

the by work historical encourage and

sidewalks.

applaud to as so newsletter

Guiders

so of the wood out were made were

the in and papers local in

printed

streets muddy, the were streets The

be could

reports

These

testers. badge get water. in flooded would Steveston

heritage/history

Guide

or

Brownie all in. come the would tide water

other from

reports publish

our

news

a was when high there dykes, no were

suggest I Federation

Historical

B.C.

at days there the Steveston olden In

the of branches and members

For

Steveston About

Tapestry.

Victorian Cauthers, Janet 22 No. or 4L 4.4 44 44 444444 * * WRITING COMPETITION * * * * * The British Columbia Historical Federation invites submissions of * books or articles for the sixth annual Competition for Writers of B.C. * History. * Any book with historical content published in 1988 is eligible. The * work may be a community history, a biography, a record of a pro * * ject, industry or organization, or personal recollections giving glimp ses of the past. Names, dates and places with relevant maps or pic- * tures turn story into “history”. 4 a * The judges are looking for fresh presentations of historical infor 4. mation with appropriate illustrations, careful proof reading, an ade- * * quate index, table of contents and bibliography. Winners will be chosen * in the following categories: * 1) Best history book by an individual writer. Winner receives the * Lieutenant-Governor’s Medal for Historical Writing and a monetary * prize. 4. 2) Best anthology. * 3) Special Award — for an author or editor of an outstanding book. * 4) Best article published in the British Columbia Historical News * * quarterly magazine. * All winners will receive considerable publicity, an invitation to the 4 * Annual General Meeting in May 1989, and a Certificate of Merit. * Books should be mailed as soon as possible after publication to: * British Columbia Historical Federation * do Mrs. Naomi Miller Box 105 * * Wasa, B.C. VOB2KO Please include name, address and telephone number, the cost of the * * book and an address from where it may be ordered if a reader has * to order by mail. Deadline for 1988 book submissions is January 31, * 1989. * Articles should be no more than 2,500 words, substantiated with * footnotes if possible, and accompanied by photographs if available. * * (Photos will be returned). Deadlines for the quarterly issues are September 1, December 1, March 1, and June 1. Please send articles * * directly to: * The Editor * British Columbia Historical News * P.O. Box 5626, Station B * Victoria, B.C. * V8R 6S4 * * %444444444444444444444

B.C. Historical News 21

22

News Historical B.C.

939-1648. at Diane Rogers,

of interest. topics historical the M. please help, Curator, contact

any dealing with articles for News can you Museum. the If Station of

the in room always is usual, As there porch and back lot the parking our for

B.C. in be barrel-type would planters oak nice

Pioneer the on Women of focus role Also paper). (for photographic fridge

will 21, 4) No. Fall issue The (Vol. dark the small paper room), (for cutter

contribute. please has, who shelves, screen, metal photocopier,

1MO B.C.; 534; Box

VOG Kaslo,

someone this know or in area research slide etc.), podium, microphone,

S.S. Fund Moyie Preservation

you have some issue. done If this displays, up outside schools, setting

Society Historical

Lake Kootenay

for for still is material looking editor to up picking travelling artifacts, (for

to: cheque your Please Columbia. mail The British Chinese in the van the urgently seeking is following:

receipt. receive tax-deductible a of the on focus News will history will the Museum Station Port The Moody

$10.00

more or of 2) (Vol. of contributions No. All Spring 21, The issue Museum Moody Station Port

ruin. falling into from

SHIP OUR to SAVE in support order

Issues. Theme your seek financial earnestly We

$150,000.00. ching

mat up a come that with can we vided

pro the ship of cost repairing the —

$150,000.00 to toward contribute fered

5W7 K1P of has Federal The Government

Ontario,

Ottawa, D, Stn. 2667, our of part history. $75.00 members, non-members.

Box

Canada,

Interpretation capital! Moyie priceless a is S.S. The project. $50.00 fee: Registration BCMA

in

nation’s the springtime

enjoy to

a worthy is generations future of tion Kelowna Museum. Centennial

you

allow

will region and Hull tawa edifica enjoyment and for ship the the tor: Richard Fuller, Conservator,

Ot

in

trips field

and demonstrations feels preserving that The K.L.H.S. be will emphasized. Instruc

workshops,

museums, new of previews necessary. access to of the the collection public

sneak

speakers,

guest Interesting is system a protection fire and ing the of tion and collection of demands

needs hull stabiliz the deteriorating; Hull. propriate balance between preserva

is The and structure Ottawa in

increasingly difficult. 13 1988 17, April

of responsibility ap an determining -

this becoming on, go is years the As objects will be covered. also The interpretation. heritage to related

upkeep. ship’s the for been responsible storage handling, care, and of display tourism in trends emerging fying

has Society Historical Lake Kootenay and the for guidelines establishing identi on be will Another programs.

the Kaslo, in of Street end east Front collection. concerns interpretive Environmental of running and planning

the at beached was Kootenay on Lake, damage vent their of deterioration and the to perspective a marketing bringing

service 60 years of S.S. after Moyie, be pre to can precautions taken which on be will conference the of focus

the sternwheeler when 1957, Since the will termediate study seminar strong One future. and present past,

help!

need WE your 4:30. in Participants 9:30 in this

tourism and programs interpretation -

& 16, February 1988 15 from OUR SHIP) (SAVE heritage S.O.S. between relationship the plore

in

NEC Museum and Kelowna, ex will Tourism” and “Interpretation Moyie:

at

servation the Kelowna Centennial S.S. the of friends all and residents

Interpretation a

in sponsor

seminar Heritage

Con Preventive former of Kaslo, residents the To

on The Conference will Association Museums National

Society Historical

B.C. Association Museums Lake Kootenay Capital! the in Springtime

Notes and News MILITARY HISTORY SYMPOSIUM

The Department of History at the United States Air Force Academy will sponsor the Thirteenth Military

History Symposium from 12 - 14 Oc tober 1988 on the topic, “The In telligence Revolution: A Historical Perspective.” The symposium’s first session will analyze intelligence ac tivities before 1939. The day will con 44 44 44444444444 clude with the Thirty-first Harmon * * Memorial Lecture, which will assess World War II as a watershed in the CONFERENCE ‘88 IN BANFF evolution of military intelligence. Ses- * sions on the second day will examine * the effect of intelligence on the war’s * Plan now to attend the joint B.C. - Alberta Historical Conference major belligerents, while an evening * May 5 - 8, 1988. A diverse program will be offered in the campus style banquet address will probe the in- * facility of the Banff Centre (formerly Banff School of Fine Art) which * telligence revolution’s influence on boasts of “a beautiful view from every window.” counterintelligence activities. The final * day will feature sessions dealing with * The program starts Thursday evening with a speaker, a get acquainted * the revolution’s legacies and will con session and a social. Both the Historical Society of Alberta and the clude with a panel discussion on how B.C. Historical Federation hold their Annual General Meeting on * the intelligence revolution has affected Friday morning. The afternoon will feature a speaker from Banff, our * current military postures. For infor- own John Adams on “Heritage Cemeteries”, and a viewing of the * mation concerning symposium 4. Centre’s Art Gallery. The evening entertainment will be a film showing. registration, contact: HQ * Participants will have a choice of programs on Saturday, both USAFA/DFH, Attn: Captain Mark * morning and afternoon. There will be workshops on “Book Repairs * Clodfelter, USAF Academy, Colorado & Simple Book Binding,” “Care of Archival Material on Limited Springs, CO 80840-5701, a * Budget,” “Helpful Hints for Would Be Writers (G.P.V. Helen Telephone: (303) 472-3230 (Commer- & * Akrigg),” “Pioneer Foods,” & “The Pros & Cons of Umbrella * cial), 259-3230 (Autovon) * Organizations.” After lunch you may go for a guided hike, visit one * of Banff’s Museums or explore the neighbourhood. A banquet will * be the cheerful conclusion of the day. * * * Members of member societies can obtain Registration forms from * the local secretary early in March. Readers are invited to this Con * Copy Needed! * ference. Application forms may be obtained by writing or phoning * * Naomi Miller at Box 105, Wasa, B.C. VOB 2K0 (604-422-3594). * The B.C. Historical News requires DEADLINE FOR APPLICATIONS IS APRIL 15, 1988 articles, reminiscences, photo stories, * * etc. pertaining to the history of British * Columbia. Put it down on paper and * send it to the editor. * ******************* Articles up to 2500 words (shorter is fine). Typed manuscripts please.

23 B.C. Historical News (cont. from page 7) but both accepted it and adjusted thusiastic. She and Merle soon prov bring about the multi-use concept of without difficulty. ed they had an ample share of the resource management, an amended History repeated itself. As Tim’s tough qualities demanded of a grazing act and a change from one- schooldays drew to a close war again Chilcotin chatelaine. year permits to ten-year leases. broke out and as his father had done, The Newton Ranch today comprises The old ranchhouse has changed lit he at once enlisted. He served with 3500 acres and runs 450 head of cat tle over the years. It boasts no modern distinction in the Royal Naval Reserve tle. Tony and Barrie have a son or streamlined furnishings. The rolltop and then returned to Chilancoh. In Michael and daughter Jane. Doubtless desk, the skins on the walls, the cup 1948 an eye infection took him to the ranch will remain in Bayliff hands. boards under the staircase, the Alexis Creek Nursing Station where he In 1977 Gabriel Bayliff died, a man hassocks, the portraits of Great-Aunt had the good fortune to meet Merle, widely admired and respected by the Charlotte and Prime Minister Sir an English nurse whose fondness for ranching community of British Robert Peel, the rugs, on the wooden adventure was taking her around the Columbia. floor have probably remained un world to out of the way places like Today, the closing months of 1987, disturbed in the comfortable sitting Alexis Creek. Here her travels stopped Chilancob Ranch comprises 5000 room since the time of Hugh and Ger and she and Tim were married. acres, and runs 700 head. Tim has trude. In the kitchen the huge iron In 1946 Kathleen Newton died and managed it for thirty years and in stove and immense cook pots bespeak left the Newton Ranch to Tony creased it substantially. In the family vast meals and vaster hospitality. The Bayliff. As Tony was not yet 19 and tradition he may soon hand over the old house, spacious and sturdy, exudes by no means sure this was the career reins to elder son Hugh. Indeed Hugh warmth and friendship. The first of he wanted for himself, he left the run already shares in all major decisions. the fifth generation of Bayliffs, Bryce, ning of the ranch in the capable hands An innate mechanical ability has son of James, Tim and Merle’s of Jack Bliss. By that time Gay was enabled Tim to keep pace with the younger son, who was born in ready to hand over Chilancoh to Tim. technological changes which have February 1987 and is agreed by all He and Dorothy, with a sensitivity that swept over the ranching profession. family members to be the finest, most is a Bayliff characteristic, decided they His ranch has computerized irrigation talented, handsomest, cleverest infant might be in Tim and Merle’s way, so and ultra-light aircraft. Though self- ever, may well be a major part of they moved five miles down the road taught he can handle most of the Chilancoh’s second century. to live with Tony who had by now repairs and maintenance problems of decided ranching was in his blood and his many vehicles. taken over his heritage. Tim served as President of the B.C. His wife Barrie whose forebears go Cattleman’s Association from back in British Columbian history as 1980 - 82 and later as Chairman of the far as the Bayliffs, was equally en- Land Use Committee. He has helped

Help Urgently Required!

The News requires a SUBSCRIPTION SECRETARY.

Job requirements: 1) available time — a few hours most weeks; 2) the patience of Job, this is a ‘fussy’ job; 3) detective skills of a high, if unadventurous order. Definitely a challenge! If we can find someone (preferably in the Victoria area) to under take this task, I will be most willing to work closely with the new subscription secretary over the next issue or two in order to pass on my hard-won experience. This is an important job. Can someone come to our aid? If you would like more information, or are willing to volunteer, please contact me by mail or phone (after 6 p.m.). Ann W. Johnston, Chairperson News Publishing Committee R.R. 1, Mayne Island, VON 2J0 539-2888

B.C. Historical News 24 Bookshelf

Book Reviews should be sent directly to the book review editor, Anne Yandle, 3450 West 20th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., V6S 1E4.

Second World War Memories!, and poems, and even of musical The book could easily be called a Phylis Bowman. Prince Rupert, scores, are all brought in. With neither “family album” for the District of the author, 1987. 84 pp., illus. a table of contents nor an index, there Burnaby. Among other things, it con (Available from P. Bowman, 688 is an initial impression of disorganiza tinually surprises the reader with lit Skeena Drive, Port Edward, tion. There are no chapters — only tle asides. Gordon Haddon, for in B.C., VOV 1GO). $7.00 two sections, one for the “Canadian” stance, mentions that his grandfather period from the beginning of the war came to British Columbia via San In 1939, Prince Rupert, Mrs. till early 1942, and the second for the Francisco in the 1860s: Bowman writes, was “a quiet, rather period beginning with the arrival of the He was an English minister isolated little settlement with a popula first American forces in March 1942. who started a church on Saltspring tion of around 6,000.” The coming of Yet there is continuity in the narrative, Island after living awhile in the war changed that. The city and its en and the “story” carries through clearly Nanaimo area. At that time, there virons became an important military so that one comes away from the book was quite a large settlement on centre, especially after the United with a vivid sense of the place and the Saltspring made up largely of black States entered the conflict and, with occasion. slaves who had fled the U.S. in Canadian approval, designated Rupert Second World War Memories! is the search of freedom. as a “sub-Port of the Seattle Port of latest in a series of nine books written My grandfather’s congregation embarkation.” American forces came and published by Mrs. Bowman about was made up mostly, therefore, of into and through the city in a big way Rupert and its immediate vicinity. black Americans. — Pioneer Tales, — over the next three and a half years Together they provide an impression page 318. in excess of 75,000 personnel were of the history of the area which may And as Chairman of Brewery Creek shipped from the port as well as ex not be matched for any other small Urban Committee in Mount Pleasant, tensive quantities of supplies and am community in the province. I have to pause when I read in Pioneer munition. Construction of many large George Newell Tales that before the Yorston family and small buildings in Rupert and in moved to Burnaby they lived in a the nearby village of Port Edward George Newell is a member of the Victoria house Branch of on “Front Street,” which was transformed the communities. this the B.C. Historical Federation, and It is one time resident of Prince Rupert. close by Brewery Creek. Wilfred military “occupation”, by both Cana Yorston says: dian and American forces and their We lived in the Mount Pleasant support staffs, that is the subject of district of Vancouver when we ar Mrs. Bowman’s Second World War rived here from Moose Jaw, Sask., Memories! in 1906. Our house was right on As is the custom in her books, Pioneer Tales of Burnaby, edited False Creek waterfront. At high tide Bowman relies mainly on photographs by Michael Sone. Burnaby, B.C., the water would come up and memorabilia and, in many The Corporation of the District of underneath. — Pioneer Tales, page respects, she compiles rather than Burnaby, 1987. 496 p. $25.00 122. writes. On small pages, in this instance The initial idea for the book came 5¼” by 8’A”, there are usually two Pioneer Tales of Burnaby is an im to a former Mayor of Burnaby, now or three or more photographs with pressive publishing achievement of MLA, Dave Mercier, as a result of an Bowman’s comments appended, and Burnaby’s Municipal Hall. It contains official “tea” attended by 600 senior this gives the impression of an extend 700 photographs and 175 “first-person citizens in the summer of 1980. Seven ed collage. Reproductions of club reminiscences” by old-timers about years later, with financial help from membership cards, cards announcing how they and their predecessors settl the Government of the Province of dinners and other social occasions, ed and lived in the Burrard Peninsula British Columbia, it has now been snatches of the lyrics of wartime songs between 1888 and 1930. published under Mayor Bill Lewarne.

B.C. Historical News 25 As to the political side, Mercier Above all, one must credit the special been larger and placed in a more pro comments: character and mentality of the minent position. And why did that You might say that Dave kicked it “pioneer” writers of these stories for photograph get lesser treatment than off and Bill carried the ball. Bifi was the sympathetic feelings which the the one of Reeve Peter Byrne and the determined, and, in his persuasive book engenders. 1910 Council shown on page 152? way, he gained full support of The first two sections of Pioneer As well, Pioneer Tales might have Council. Tales contain memories of childhood benefitted from two or three But there was much skepticism, and initial parental homemaking in panoramic drawings to indicate and a few said that Pioneer Tales Burnaby in the years before the First roughly where the four major centres was a “boondoggle”. Great War. While we know that cir of Burnaby’s community development There were only three of us who cumstances were often exceedingly were located and what their regional really believed in the book and its uncertain for their elders, particular interrelationships were. Burnaby is a marketability: Bill Lewarne, ly in the Great Depression years of the very large municipality which is Michael Sone (the editor), and 1890s, the writers of these Tales recall powerfully bisected at its centre by myself. — Dave Mercier, MLA, in their early childhood in those “Golden Burnaby Lake and a depression of conversation with C.C., November Years” with respect. Typical is Alfred peat bogs and scrubwood lands. Pro 20, 1987. Naud’s comment: fessor Walter Hardwick notes, for Michael Sone, formerly on the .they were certainly happy and example: sports staff of The Province, is now carefree times for a boy growing up To the north, an extension of the an independent writer; and, as editor in Burnaby in its pioneer days. — Hastings East area of Vancouver, of Pioneer Tales, he was working by Pioneer Tales page 86. called Vancouver Heights and contract for the Municipality of Bur In general, however, in their stories Capitol Hill, pressed into northern naby. Mercier says: these senior citizens present us with the Burnaby. Although this part was in Mike did it all. He’s the author, he historical panorama through which deed in the municipality, the ma suggested it, he spearheaded the they have witnessed the tumultuous jority of residents were functional funding, he insisted on the quality. violence and chaotic expansionism of ly part of the Vancouver labour He “sold” Mayor Lewarne on the the 20th century mechanized human force. The street-cars and buses nature and the quality of the book. society, a time in which tremendous looped near the Vancouver boun

He’s the man that assembled it — social/economic forces have converted dary, offering access to the city core everything: style, cover, size, for the rural “heaven” of pioneer Bur and the industries of the harbour.

mat and shape. naby of a few hundred souls into to — Walter G. Hardwick, Van He did an outstanding job. He day’s populous metropolitan region of couver. Don Mills, Ontario, Collier got the money together, prodded several hundreds of thousands. Macmillan Canada, 1974, page 134. the successive Councils, and Many of these old-timers feel that, Certainly, the “mental maps” of definitely made the book the in the rush for growth and expansion, Burnaby’ s “pioneers” included jobs,

“class” presentation it is. — Ibid important human values, such as sim high schools, entertainment and shop One has to agree: the editing, design ple caring and neighbourliness, have ping in Vancouver and New and layout of the book are well and been jettisoned. They miss the Westminster. For instance, Elsie professionally done. Despite the usual “camaraderie and spirit” of Bur Wilson, who was born in 1898 near severe restraints inherent in municipal naby’s pioneering days, some question Central Park, writes: budgeting and in producing an item “so-called progress”. • . . Mother dealt mostly at Wood- within the purchasing capacity of the While these senior citizens show in wards in Vancouver. She exchang average citizen, Pioneer Tales has been terest in local affairs, I miss seeing a ed extra eggs and butter for a marketing success, a “best-seller” in bit more highlighting in Pioneer Tales groceries at Woodwards, and often its genre in Canada. of municipal leadership in Burnaby’s shopped there on 95-cent Day. Oc The book has immediate human ap “pioneer” years, some brief mention casionally, she depended on the peal. For a person of my generation, of their alternative policies, perhaps local delivery services. — Pioneer born in Vancouver shortly after the the odd newspaper heading. I think, Tales, pages 24 - 25. First World War, the book evokes a as well, that the fine photographs of And Madeling Clarke Cooper writes: reminder of a way of life and a system the current Mayor and Council includ We went to the movies on of values, now on the verge of being ed in the dedication pages of Pioneer Saturdays at the Edison Theatre forgotten, that used to exist in the Tales ought to have been counter • . . on Columbia Street in New Lower Mainland of British Columbia. balanced in some way by more em Westminster. My two girl friends From the point of view of its human phasis on the few photographs of and I would pay ten cents to get in content, Pioneer Tales is an un municipal politicians from the past. At The movies were silent then mistakably worthwhile achievement. least, the archival photograph of Bur with a three piece orchestra in the It has a certain quality of almost fami naby’s first Council with Reeve pit. We all liked Rudy Valentino, ly concern, pride, and even love. Charles Shaw (page 49) might have Mary Pickford and Douglas Fair- B.C. Historical News 26 banks. — Ibid. page 176. students from Burnaby secondary Charles Christopherson is Chairman of When she was older she worked in schools and one from the British Brewery Creek Urban Committee, member and downtown Vancouver. Columbia Institute of Technology former President of Mount Pleasant I was working swing shifts as an compiling an average of fourteen Neighbourhood Association, former member of Vancouver City elevator operator in Vancouver Planning Commission the stories each, the complement of (1977- 1981), and member of the WilhiainMor Hotel when the war ended (Nov. 11, tales steadily rose. ris Society. 1918). I’ll never forget Armistice Editor Sone added stories he wrote up

Day in Vancouver. — Ibid. page himself. 177. We habitually exclude from our Pioneer Tales is a major book pur thinking the Salish people who in chase for many people, and may be habited these lands for ages before the Honore-Timothee Lempfrit their only reference to Burnaby’s coming of Europeans, and whose trails O.M.I: His Oregon Trail Journal development. Such a book as this, through the woods the early European and Letters from the Pacific therefore, should be reasonably com settlers undoubtedly used. We find no Northwest, 1848 - 1853. prehensive. I miss a bibliography; even mention of the Salish in Pioneer Tales. Edited by Patricia Meyer. a minimal one would have been Certainly, a true “pioneer” in the con Translated from the French by helpful. text of European newcomers would be Patricia Meyer and And I continue to think that the two William Holmes who is mentioned but Catou Levesque. early maps of the Burrard Peninsula briefly on page 17. Holmes moved his Fairfield, Washington: included in George Green’s History of wife and six children into a cabin on Ye Galleon Press, 1985. Burnaby, (pages 37 and 39) are still not Brunette Creek in 1861, long before a 261 pages. Illustrations, notes, all that widely known; I would have formal municipality was thought map, bibliography, index, $21.00 included them somewhere in Pioneer about. and Tales. The people whose lives are por Will to Power: The Missionary A brief introduction by Sone trayed in the pages of Pioneer Tales Career of Father Morice. precedes each story in Pioneer Tales. ofBurnaby belong to our modern era David Muihall. In most instances, the story is narrated dominated by the railroad, the motor Vancouver: University of in the old-timer’s own words with only vehicle, and electric power. Even those British Columbia Press, 1986. slight changes “to achieve a uniform who settled in what is now Burnaby 239 pages. Illustrations, notes, style.” in the late 1880’s were essentially ur map, bibliography, index, $29.95 Sone said although he edited ban. As was typical for these 1985 and 1986 were remarkable for spelling, he left the language of “pioneers”, George Leaf’s mother, years for the history of Catholic the pioneers alone. It’s what gives Mrs. Burgess, soon after arriving in missions to the Indians of British

the book its unique flavour. — Bur what is now Burnaby, had her name Columbia as they saw publication naby Now. May 13, 1987, page 21. on a petition circulated in 1891, the ob of two books, on the least known Sone made no attempt to correct for jective of which was municipal incor early missionary and the other on historical accuracy. He says, for poration to insure that taxes would be the best known late-nineteenth cen instance: used to provide the signators’ proper tury missionary. I’ve got (the notorious bank robber) ties with public services and The first book, Patricia Meyer Bill Bagley shot in six or seven dif improvements. and Catou Levesque’s Honore ferent areas of Burnaby. But it’s With his Pioneer Tales ofBurnaby, Timothee Lempfrit O.M.I.: His delightful, because that’s the way Michael Sone has achieved what Oregon Trail Journal and Letters

they (the old timers) remember it. amounts to a master work in social from the Pacific Northwest, 1848 - — Ibid. history. In summing up, he writes: 1853, is a fine treatment of his One understands, therefore, that, I was astonished not only by work. Both introduction and trans while containing much valuable the optimism of the pioneers but by lated text detail missionary practice material, Pioneer Tales is edited for their self-effacing humor. Here and life on the frontier. The editor “human interest” rather than were people who had lived through explains nineteenth century Roman historiography. the incredible deprivations of Catholic practices and Latin terms. Notes on the dust jacket of Pioneer homesteading, two depressions, She gives us interesting insight in Tales make it clear that difficulties several recessions and at least one to Lempfrit’s labours among Song were experienced in achieving progress global war, and the phrase I heard hees, Klallam, Sooke, Saanich and on the book. most was, ‘I wouldn’t have missed Cowichan and his departure from Between 1981 and 1984, work on it for anything.’ — Preface, Ibid, the field. She hints that the linguis Pioneer Tales was sporadic at best page 8. tically-able priest was valuable to Work resumed in earnest in the James Douglas in negotiating the summer of 1985 after Council voted Charles Christopherson Fort Victoria treaties but trouble seed money for research. With four some once the Cowichan complain- B.C. Historical News 27 ed about him. The major problems the heat and mosquitoes of summer ior who withdrew Morice in 1903 of continental Frenchman Lempfrit travel there. Yet this published ver and had him removed east of the seem not to have come from these sion of Mulhall’s 1978 McGill doc Rockies also had doubts about Indians. Rather, his own faux pas toral thesis does present in English Morice’s kingdom. in missionary protocol, complaining much research in French sources. Significantly Mulhall neglects to Rome over the local superior Muihall contends that Oblate A.G. what anthropologists have recent about one of the French-Canadian Morice, an “anarchic individual”, ly discovered or reconstructed about bishops of Oregon, meant all hell aimed from his youth in France to the native response to Morice, for broke loose. The French-Canadian be a priest-king and scholar among example Margaret Tobey’s “Car bishop responsible for Vancouver a Dene people in North America. rier” in the Subarctic volume of Island manoeuvred to remove He describes how the young Morice The Handbook of North American Lempfrit from his post while the got himself out of teaching in Mis Indians (Washington: Smithsonian, embarrassed Oblate superior down sion and Williams Lake boarding 1981). He also ignores the research at Olympia had to accede to the schools and up to Fort St. James of former B. C. Historical News prelate’s wishes as well as those of as the missionary to the Carrier editor Maureen Cassidy for the his chiefs in France and Rome. 1885 - 1903. He argues that Morice Gitksan Carrier Tribal Council and Meanwhile Governor James Doug outdid fur traders and agents in in her publication Proud Past: A las, who had had his own tussles fluence over the Indians of the Nor History of the Wet’swet’en of with Anglican clerics Beaver and thern Interior. Aided by his strong Moricetown, B.C. Staines, must have sat smiling if not personality, his linguistic skills and In sum, the editors of the Lemp chuckling in his office. adaptation of Cree syllabics to Car frit volume and the Societe Histori One closes the Lempfrit book rier, Morice by 1896 had become que Franco-Colombienne who feeling that the editor and trans “king of the country”. Muihall, backed them deserve our applause. lators have made every effort to however, also notes that the natives David Mulhall needs our invitation take us back in time with Lempfrit, persisted in the forbidden gambl to come west for long enough to to give us a sense of the man and ing, potlatching and drinking; and listen to the informants of Cassidy a sense of the country. that Father Morice neglected his in order to fully appreciate Morice David Mulhall’s Will to Power: religious duties in the field more town as well as Morice. the Missionary Career of Father and more for scholarly interests in Jacqueline Gresko Morice is less satisfying. He men his Fort St. James office or map tions Fort St. James and Morice making treks to the wilderness. All town but does not make us sense that makes us wonder how power the distances of the region nor feel ful this priest-king was. The super-

ARE YOU MOVING? Please let us have your change of address. The list of branches of the B.C.H.F. is found on the inside front cover. If you cannot remain a member of your current historical society or join a new one which is affiliated with the British Columbia Historical Federation, please indicate your wish for an individual subscription when your present one runs out.

NAME

OLD ADDRESS

NEW ADDRESS

(include Postal Code)

Same branch of B.C.H.F. New branch of B.C.H.F.: that is Individual subscription I Cancel subscription on expiry B.C. Historical News 28 THE BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL FEDERATION

Honorary Patron: His Honour, the Honourable Robert G. Rogers, Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia Honorary President: Dr. W. Kaye Lamb

Officers President: Naomi Miller, Box 105, Wasa, VOB2K0 422-3594 (res.) 1st Vice President: John D. Spittle, 1241 Mount Crown Road, North Vancouver, V7R 1R9 988-4565 (res.) 2nd Vice President: Myrtle Haslam, 1975 Wessex Road, Cowichan Bay, VOR 1NO 748-8397 (res.) Secretary: T. Don Sale, 262 Juniper Street, Nanaimo, V9S 1X4 753-2067 (res.) Recording Secretary: Margaret Stoneberg, P.O. Box 687, Princeton, VOXiWO 295-3362 (res.) Treasurer: George R. Newell, 27 Seagirt Road, R.R. 1, Sooke, B.C., VOS1NO 642-5072 (res.) Members-at-Large: Dorothy Crosby, 33662 Northcote Crescent, Mission, B.C., V2V 5V2 Daphne Sleigh, Box 29, Deroche, B.C., VOM 1GO Past-President: Leonard G. McCann, 2-1430 Maple Street, Vancouver, V6J 3R9 736-4431 (bus.) Editor: R.J.C. Tyrrell, Editor, B.C. Historical News, P.O. Box 5626, Stn. B., Victoria, V8R6S4 721-1416

Chairmen of Committees: Historic Trails and Markers: John D. Spittle B.C. Historical News Ann W. Johnston, R.R. 1, Mayne Island, B.C., VON 2J0 Publishing Committee: 539-2888 (res.) Lieutenant-Governor’s Award Committee: Naomi Miller Publications Assistance Helen Akrigg, 8-2575 Tolmie Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6R 4M1 Committee (not involved 288-8606 with B.C. Historical Loans are available for publication. News): Please submit manuscripts to Helen Akrigg. Heritage Cemeteries John D. Adams, 628 Battery Street, Victoria, B.C., V8V 1E5 Committee: 384-9988 The British Columbia Historical News Second Class Mail P.O. Box 35326, Stn. E. Registration No. 4447 VANCOUVER, B.C. V6M 4G5

ADDRESS LABELHERE

JOIN Why not join the British Columbia Historical Federation and receive the British Columbia Historical News regularly? The BCHF is composed of member societies in all parts of the province. Byjoining your local society you receive not only a subscription to British Columbia Historical News, but the opportunity to participate in a program of talks and field trips, and to meet others interested in British Columbia’s history. and the BCHF’s annual convention. For information, contact your local society (address on the inside front cover).... No local society in your area? Perhaps you might think of forming one. For information contact the secretary of the BCHF (address inside back cover).