LONE SURVIVOR the Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of SEAL Team 10 MARCUS LUTTRELL with PATRICK ROBINSON

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LONE SURVIVOR The Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of SEAL Team 10 MARCUS LUTTRELL WITH PATRICK ROBINSON

Little, Brown and Company New York Boston London

All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Little, Brown and Company Hachette Book Group USA 237 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Visit our Web site at www.HachetteBookGroupUSA.com

First Edition: June 2007

Map by George W. Ward

ISBN 0-316-06759-8 / 978-0-316-06759-1 LCCN 2007921207

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

q-ff

Printed in the United States of America

40324 i-viii,001-392 r4jk.indd 4 page iv blind folio 4/4/07 3:34:58 PM This book is dedicated to the memory of Murph, Axe, and Danny Boy, Kristensen, Shane, James, Senior, Jeff, Jacques, Taylor, and Mac. These were the eleven men of Alfa and Echo Platoons who fought and died in the mountains of Afghanistan trying to save my life, and with whom I was honored to serve my country. There is no waking hour when I do not remember them all with the deepest affection and the most profound, heartbreaking sadness.

40324 i-viii,001-392 r4jk.indd 5 page v blind folio 4/4/07 3:34:58 PM Contents

Prologue 3

1. To Afghanistan . . . i n a Flying Warehouse 9

2. Baby Seals . . . and Big Ole Gators 41

3. A School for Warriors 75

4. Welcome to Hell, Gentlemen 108

5. Like the Remnants of a Ravaged Army 139

6. ’Bye, Dudes, Give ’Em Hell 160

7. An Avalanche of Gunﬁre 195

8. The Final Battle for Murphy’s Ridge 227

9. Blown-up, Shot, and Presumed Dead 257

10. An American Fugitive Cornered by the Taliban 288

11. Reports of My Death Greatly Exaggerated 318

12. “Two-two-eight! It’s Two-two-eight!” 347

Epilogue: Lone Star 381

Afterword by Patrick Robinson 385

Acknowledgments 389

40324 i-viii,001-392 r4jk.indd 7 page vii blind folio 4/4/07 3:34:58 PM 40324 i-viii,001-392 r4jk.indd 8 page viii blind folio 4/4/07 3:34:59 PM 01 Prologue 02 03 04 05 06 Would this ever become easier? House to house, freeway to 07 freeway, state to state? Not so far. And here I was again, behind 08 the wheel of a hired SUV, driving along another Main Street, 09 past the shops and the gas station, this time in a windswept little 10 town on Long Island, New York, South Shore, down by the long 11 Atlantic beaches. Winter was coming. The skies were platinum. 12 The whitecaps rolled in beneath dark, lowering clouds. So ut- 13 terly appropriate, because this time was going to be worse than 14 the others. A whole lot worse. 15 I found my landmark, the local post ofﬁce, pulled in behind 16 the building, and parked. We all stepped out of the vehicle, into 17 a chill November day, the remains of the fall leaves swirling 18 around our feet. No one wanted to lead the way, none of the ﬁve 19 guys who accompanied me, and for a few moments we just stood 20 there, like a group of mailmen on their break. 21 I knew where to go. The house was just a few yards down the 22 street. And in a sense, I’d been there before — i n Southern Cali- 23 fornia, northern California, and Nevada. In the next few days, I 24 still had to visit Washington and Virginia Beach. And so many 25 things would always be precisely the same. 26 There would be the familiar devastated sadness, the kind of 27 pain that wells up when young men are cut down in their prime. 28 The same hollow feeling in each of the homes. The same uncon- 29 trollable tears. The same feeling of desolation, of brave people 30 S 31 N

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01 trying to be brave, lives which had uniformly been shot to pieces. 02 Inconsolable. Sorrowful. 03 As before, I was the bearer of the terrible news, as if no one 04 knew the truth until I arrived, so many weeks and months after 05 so many funerals. And for me, this small gathering in Patchogue, 06 Long Island, was going to be the worst. 07 I tried to get a hold of myself. But again in my mind I heard 08 that terrible, terrible scream, the same one that awakens me, 09 bullying its way into my solitary dreams, night after night, the 10 confirmation of guilt. The endless guilt of the survivor. 11 “Help me, Marcus! Please help me!” 12 It was a desperate appeal in the mountains of a foreign land. 13 It was a scream cried out in the echoing high canyons of one of 14 the loneliest places on earth. It was the nearly unrecognizable 15 cry of a mortally wounded creature. And it was a plea I could not 16 answer. I can’t forget it. Because it was made by one of the finest 17 people I ever met, a man who happened to be my best friend. 18 All the visits had been bad. Dan’s sister and wife, propping 19 each other up; Eric’s father, an admiral, alone with his grief; 20 James’s fiancée and father; Axe’s wife and family friends; Shane’s 21 shattered mother in Las Vegas. They were all terrible. But this 22 one would be worse. 23 I finally led the way through the blowing leaves, out into the 24 cold, strange street, and along to the little house with its tiny 25 garden, the grass uncut these days. But the lights of an illumi- 26 nated American flag were still right there in the front window. 27 They were the lights of a patriot, and they still shone defiantly, 28 just as if he were still here. Mikey would have liked that. 29 We all stopped for a few moments, and then we climbed the S 30 little flight of steps and knocked on the door. She was pretty, N 31

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the lady who answered the door, long dark hair, her eyes already 01 brimming with tears. His mother. 02 She knew I had been the last person to see him alive. And she 03 stared up at me with a look of such profound sadness it damn 04 near broke me in half and said, quietly, “Thank you for coming.” 05 I somehow replied, “It’s because of your son that I am stand- 06 ing here.” 07 As we all walked inside, I looked straight at the hall table and 08 on it was a large framed photograph of a man looking straight at 09 me, half grinning. There was Mikey, all over again, and I could 10 hear his mom saying, “He didn’t suffer, did he? Please tell me he 11 didn’t suffer.” 12 I had to wipe the sleeve of my jacket across my eyes before I 13 answered that. But I did answer. “No, Maureen. He didn’t. He 14 died instantly.” 15 I had told her what she’d asked me to tell her. That kind of 16 tactical response was turning out to be essential equipment for 17 the lone survivor. 18 I tried to tell her of her son’s unbending courage, his will, his 19 iron control. And as I’d come to expect, she seemed as if she had 20 not yet accepted anything. Not until I related it. I was the essen- 21 tial bearer of the final bad news. 22 In the course of the next hour we tried to talk like adults. But 23 it was too difficult. There was so much that could have been 24 said, and so much that would never be said. And no amount of 25 backup from my three buddies, plus the New York City fireman 26 and policeman who accompanied us, made much difference. 27 But this was a journey I had to complete. I had promised my- 28 self I would do it, no matter what it took, because I knew what 29 it would mean to each and every one of them. The sharing of 30 S 31 N

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01 personal anguish with someone who was there. House to house, 02 grief to grief. 03 I considered it my sworn duty. But that did not make it any 04 easier. Maureen hugged us all as we left. I nodded formally to 05 the photograph of my best friend, and we walked down that sad 06 little path to the street. 07 Tonight it would be just as bad, because we were going to 08 see Heather, Mikey’s fiancée, in her downtown New York City 09 apartment. It wasn’t fair. They would have been married by now. 10 And the day after this, I had to go to Arlington National Cem- 11 etery to visit the graves of two more absent friends. 12 By any standards it was an expensive, long, and melancholy 13 journey across the United States of America, paid for by the or- 14 ganization for which I work. Like me, like all of us, they under- 15 stand. And as with many big corporations which have a dedicated 16 workforce, you can tell a lot about them by their corporate phi- 17 losophy, their written constitution, if you like. 18 It’s the piece of writing which defines their employees and 19 their standards. I have for several years tried to base my life on 20 the opening paragraph: 21 “In times of uncertainty there is a special breed of warrior 22 ready to answer our Nation’s call; a common man with uncom- 23 mon desire to succeed. Forged by adversity, he stands alongside 24 America’s finest special operations forces to serve his country 25 and the American people, and to protect their way of life. I am 26 that man.” 27 My name is Marcus. Marcus Luttrell. I’m a United States 28 Navy SEAL, Team Leader, SDV Team 1, Alfa Platoon. Like 29 every other SEAL, I’m trained in weapons, demolition, and un- S 30 armed combat. I’m a sniper, and I’m the platoon medic. But most N 31 of all, I’m an American. And when the bell sounds, I will come

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out fighting for my country and for my teammates. If necessary, 01 to the death. 02 And that’s not just because the SEALs trained me to do so; 03 it’s because I’m willing to do so. I’m a patriot, and I fight with 04 the Lone Star of Texas on my right arm and another Texas flag 05 over my heart. For me, defeat is unthinkable. 06 Mikey died in the summer of 2005, fighting shoulder to 07 shoulder with me in the high country of northeast Afghanistan. 08 He was the best officer I ever knew, an iron-souled warrior of 09 colossal, almost unbelievable courage in the face of the enemy. 10 Two who would believe it were my other buddies who also 11 fought and died up there. That’s Danny and Axe: two American 12 heroes, two towering figures in a fighting force where valor is a 13 common virtue. Their lives stand as a testimony to the central 14 paragraph of the philosophy of the U.S. Navy SEALs: 15 “I will never quit. I persevere and thrive on adversity. My 16 Nation expects me to be physically harder and mentally stronger 17 than my enemies. If knocked down, I will get back up, every 18 time. I will draw on every remaining ounce of strength to pro- 19 tect my teammates and to accomplish our mission. I am never 20 out of the fight.” 21 As I mentioned, my name is Marcus. And I’m writing this 22 book because of my three buddies Mikey, Danny, and Axe. If I 23 don’t write it, no one will ever understand the indomitable cour- 24 age under fire of those three Americans. And that would be the 25 biggest tragedy of all. 26 27 28 29 30 S 31 N

40324 i-viii,001-392 r4jk.indd 7 4/4/07 3:35:00 PM 01 02 1 03 04 05 To Afghanistan . . . 06 07 in a Flying Warehouse 08 09 10 This was payback time for the World Trade Center. We 11 were coming after the guys who did it. If not the actual 12 guys, then their blood brothers, the lunatics who still 13 wished us dead and might try it again. 14 15 16 Good-byes tend to be curt among Navy SEALs. A quick back- 17 slap, a friendly bear hug, no one uttering what we’re all thinking: 18 Here we go again, guys, going to war, to another trouble spot, another 19 half-assed enemy willing to try their luck against us . . . they must be 20 out of their minds. 21 It’s a SEAL thing, our unspoken invincibility, the silent code 22 of the elite warriors of the U.S. Armed Forces. Big, fast, highly 23 trained guys, armed to the teeth, expert in unarmed combat, 24 so stealthy no one ever hears us coming. SEALs are masters of 25 strategy, professional marksmen with riﬂes, artists with machine 26 guns, and, if necessary, pretty handy with knives. In general 27 terms, we believe there are very few of the world’s problems we 28 could not solve with high explosive or a well-aimed bullet. 29 We operate on sea, air, and land. That’s where we got our 30 S name. U.S. Navy SEALs, underwater, on the water, or out of 31 N

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01 the water. Man, we can do it all. And where we were going, it 02 was likely to be strictly out of the water. Way out of the water. 03 Ten thousand feet up some treeless moonscape of a mountain 04 range in one of the loneliest and sometimes most lawless places 05 in the world. Afghanistan. 06 “ ’Bye, Marcus.” “Good luck, Mikey.” “Take it easy, Matt.” 07 “See you later, guys.” I remember it like it was yesterday, some- 08 one pulling open the door to our barracks room, the light spill- 09 ing out into the warm, dark night of Bahrain, this strange desert 10 kingdom, which is joined to Saudi Arabia by the two-mile-long 11 King Fahd Causeway. 12 The six of us, dressed in our light combat gear — flat desert 13 khakis with Oakley assault boots — stepped outside into a light, 14 warm breeze. It was March 2005, not yet hotter than hell, like it 15 is in summer. But still unusually warm for a group of Americans 16 in springtime, even for a Texan like me. Bahrain stands on the 17 26° north line of latitude. That’s more than four hundred miles 18 to the south of Baghdad, and that’s hot. 19 Our particular unit was situated on the south side of the capi- 20 tal city of Manama, way up in the northeast corner of the island. 21 This meant we had to be transported right through the middle 22 of town to the U.S. air base on Muharraq Island for all flights 23 to and from Bahrain. We didn’t mind this, but we didn’t love it 24 either. 25 That little journey, maybe five miles, took us through a city 26 that felt much as we did. The locals didn’t love us either. There 27 was a kind of sullen look to them, as if they were sick to death of 28 having the American military around them. In fact, there were 29 districts in Manama known as black flag areas, where trades- S 30 men, shopkeepers, and private citizens hung black flags outside N 31 their properties to signify Americans are not welcome.

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I guess it wasn’t quite as vicious as Juden Verboten was in Hit- 01 ler’s Germany. But there are undercurrents of hatred all over the 02 Arab world, and we knew there were many sympathizers with 03 the Muslim extremist fanatics of the Taliban and al Qaeda. The 04 black flags worked. We stayed well clear of those places. 05 Nonetheless we had to drive through the city in an unpro- 06 tected vehicle over another causeway, the Sheik Hamad, named 07 for the emir. They’re big on causeways, and I guess they will 08 build more, since there are thirty-two other much smaller is- 09 lands forming the low-lying Bahrainian archipelago, right off 10 the Saudi western shore, in the Gulf of Iran. 11 Anyway, we drove on through Manama out to Muharraq, 12 where the U.S. air base lies to the south of the main Bahrain In- 13 ternational Airport. Awaiting us was the huge C-130 Hercules, 14 a giant turbo-prop freighter. It’s one of the noisiest aircraft in the 15 stratosphere, a big, echoing, steel cave specifically designed to 16 carry heavy-duty freight — not sensitive, delicate, poetic conver- 17 sationalists such as ourselves. 18 We loaded and stowed our essential equipment: heavy weaps 19 (machine guns), M4 rifles, SIG-Sauer 9mm pistols, pigstickers 20 (combat knives), ammunition belts, grenades, medical and com- 21 munication gear. A couple of the guys slung up hammocks made 22 of thick netting. The rest of us settled back into seats that were 23 also made of netting. Business class this wasn’t. But frogs don’t 24 travel light, and they don’t expect comfort. That’s frogmen, by 25 the way, which we all were. 26 Stuck here in this flying warehouse, this utterly primitive 27 form of passenger transportation, there was a certain amount of 28 cheerful griping and moaning. But if the six of us were inserted 29 into some hellhole of a battleground, soaking wet, freezing cold, 30 S wounded, trapped, outnumbered, fighting for our lives, you would 31 N

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01 not hear one solitary word of complaint. That’s the way of our 02 brotherhood. It’s a strictly American brotherhood, mostly forged 03 in blood. Hard-won, unbreakable. Built on a shared patriotism, 04 shared courage, and shared trust in one another. There is no 05 fighting force in the world quite like us. 06 The flight crew checked we were all strapped in, and then 07 those thunderous Boeing engines roared. Jesus, the noise was 08 unbelievable. I might just as well have been sitting in the gear- 09 box. The whole aircraft shook and rumbled as we charged down 10 the runway, taking off to the southwest, directly into the des- 11 ert wind which gusted out of the mainland Arabian peninsula. 12 There were no other passengers on board, just the flight crew 13 and, in the rear, us, headed out to do God’s work on behalf of 14 the U.S. government and our commander in chief, President 15 George W. Bush. In a sense, we were all alone. As usual. 16 We banked out over the Gulf of Bahrain and made a long, 17 left-hand swing onto our easterly course. It would have been a 18 whole hell of a lot quicker to head directly northeast across the 19 gulf. But that would have taken us over the dubious southern up- 20 lands of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and we do not do that. 21 Instead we stayed south, flying high over the friendly coastal 22 deserts of the United Arab Emirates, north of the burning sands 23 of the Rub al Khali, the Empty Quarter. Astern of us lay the 24 fevered cauldrons of loathing in Iraq and nearby Kuwait, places 25 where I had previously served. Below us were the more friendly, 26 enlightened desert kingdoms of the world’s coming natural-gas 27 capital, Qatar; the oil-sodden emirate of Abu Dhabi; the gleam- 28 ing modern high-rises of Dubai; and then, farther east, the 29 craggy coastline of Oman. S 30 None of us were especially sad to leave Bahrain, which was N 31 the first place in the Middle East where oil was discovered. It

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had its history, and we often had fun in the local markets bar- 01 gaining with local merchants for everything. But we never felt at 02 home there, and somehow as we climbed into the dark skies, we 03 felt we were leaving behind all that was god-awful in the north- 04 ern reaches of the gulf and embarking on a brand-new mission, 05 one that we understood. 06 In Baghdad we were up against an enemy we often could not 07 see and were obliged to get out there and find. And when we 08 found him, we scarcely knew who he was — al Qaeda or Taliban, 09 Shiite or Sunni, Iraqi or foreign, a freedom fighter for Saddam or 10 an insurgent fighting for some kind of a different god from our 11 own, a god who somehow sanctioned murder of innocent civil- 12 ians, a god who’d effectively booted the Ten Commandments 13 over the touchline and out of play. 14 They were ever present, ever dangerous, giving us a clear pat- 15 tern of total confusion, if you know what I mean. Somehow, 16 shifting positions in the big Hercules freighter, we were leaving 17 behind a place which was systematically tearing itself apart and 18 heading for a place full of wild mountain men who were hell- 19 bent on tearing us apart. 20 Afghanistan. This was very different. Those mountains up in 21 the northeast, the western end of the mighty range of the Hindu 22 Kush, were the very same mountains where the Taliban had 23 sheltered the lunatics of al Qaeda, shielded the crazed followers 24 of Osama bin Laden while they plotted the attacks on the World 25 Trade Center in New York on 9/11. 26 This was where bin Laden’s fighters found a home training 27 base. Let’s face it, al Qaeda means “the base,” and in return for 28 the Saudi fanatic bin Laden’s money, the Taliban made it all pos- 29 sible. Right now these very same guys, the remnants of the Tal- 30 S iban and the last few tribal warriors of al Qaeda, were preparing 31 N

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01 to start over, trying to ﬁght their way through the mountain 02 passes, intent on setting up new training camps and military 03 headquarters and, eventually, their own government in place of 04 the democratically elected one. 05 They may not have been the precise same guys who planned 06 9/11. But they were most certainly their descendants, their heirs, 07 their followers. They were part of the same crowd who knocked 08 down the North and South towers in the Big Apple on the in- 09 famous Tuesday morning in 2001. And our coming task was to 10 stop them, right there in those mountains, by whatever means 11 necessary. 12 Thus far, those mountain men had been kicking some serious 13 ass in their skirmishes with our military. Which was more or 14 less why the brass had sent for us. When things get very rough, 15 they usually send for us. That’s why the navy spends years train- 16 ing SEAL teams in Coronado, California, and Virginia Beach. 17 Especially for times like these, when Uncle Sam’s velvet glove 18 makes way for the iron ﬁst of SPECWARCOM (that’s Special 19 Forces Command). 20 And that was why all of us were here. Our mission may have 21 been strategic, it may have been secret. However, one point was 22 crystalline clear, at least to the six SEALs in that rumbling Her- 23 cules high above the Arabian desert. This was payback time for 24 the World Trade Center. We were coming after the guys who 25 did it. If not the actual guys, then their blood brothers, the luna- 26 tics who still wished us dead and might try it again. Same thing, 27 right? 28 We knew what we were coming for. And we knew where we 29 were going: right up there to the high peaks of the Hindu Kush, S 30 those same mountains where bin Laden might still be and where N 31 his new bands of disciples were still hiding. Somewhere.

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The pure clarity of purpose was inspirational to us. Gone 01 were the treacherous, dusty backstreets of Baghdad, where even 02 children of three and four were taught to hate us. Dead ahead, 03 in Afghanistan, awaited an ancient battleground where we could 04 match our enemy, strength for strength, stealth for stealth, steel 05 for steel. 06 This might be, perhaps, a little daunting for regular soldiers. 07 But not for SEALs. And I can state with absolute certainty that 08 all six of us were excited by the prospect, looking forward to doing 09 our job out there in the open, confident of our ultimate success, 10 sure of our training, experience, and judgment. You see, we’re 11 invincible. That’s what they taught us. That’s what we believe. 12 It’s written right there in black and white in the official phi- 13 losophy of the U.S. Navy SEAL, the last two paragraphs of 14 which read: 15 16 We train for war and fight to win. I stand ready to bring the 17 full spectrum of combat power to bear in order to achieve 18 my mission and the goals established by my country. The 19 execution of my duties will be swift and violent when re- 20 quired, yet guided by the very principles I serve to defend. 21 Brave men have fought and died building the proud tra- 22 dition and feared reputation that I am bound to uphold. 23 In the worst of conditions, the legacy of my teammates 24 steadies my resolve and silently guides my every deed. I will 25 not fail. 26 27 Each one of us had grown a beard in order to look more like 28 Afghan fighters. It was important for us to appear nonmilitary, 29 to not stand out in a crowd. Despite this, I can guarantee you 30 S that if three SEALs were put into a crowded airport, I would 31 N

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01 spot them all, just by their bearing, their confidence, their ob- 02 vious discipline, the way they walk. I’m not saying anyone else 03 could recognize them. But I most certainly could. 04 The guys who traveled from Bahrain with me were remarkably 05 diverse, even by SEAL standards. There was SGT2 Matthew 06 Gene Axelson, not yet thirty, a petty officer from California, 07 married to Cindy, devoted to her and to his parents, Cordell and 08 Donna, and to his brother, Jeff. 09 I always called him Axe, and I knew him well. My twin 10 brother, Morgan, was his best friend. He’d been to our home in 11 Texas, and he and I had been together for a long time in SEAL 12 Delivery Vehicle Team 1, Alfa Platoon. He and Morgan were 13 swim buddies together in SEAL training, went through Sniper 14 School together. 15 Axe was a quiet man, six foot four, with piercing blue eyes and 16 curly hair. He was smart and the best Trivial Pursuit player I ever 17 saw. I loved talking to him because of how much he knew. He 18 would come out with answers that would have defied the learn- 19 ing of a Harvard professor. Places, countries, their populations, 20 principal industries. 21 In the teams, he was always professional. I never once saw 22 him upset, and he always knew precisely what he was doing. He 23 was just one of those guys. What was difficult and confusing 24 for others was usually a piece of cake for him. In combat he was 25 a supreme athlete, swift, violent, brutal if necessary. His family 26 never knew that side of him. They saw only the calm, cheer- 27 ful navy man who could undoubtedly have been a professional 28 golfer, a guy who loved a laugh and a cold beer. 29 You could hardly meet a better person. He was an incredible S 30 man. N 31

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Then there was my best friend, Lieutenant Michael Patrick 01 Murphy, also not yet thirty, an honors graduate from Penn State, 02 a hockey player, accepted by several law schools before he turned 03 the rudder hard over and changed course for the United States 04 Navy. Mikey was an inveterate reader. His favorite book was 05 Steven Pressfield’s Gates of Fire, the story of the immortal stand 06 of the Spartans at Thermopylae. 07 He was vastly experienced in the Middle East, having served 08 in Jordan, Qatar, and Djibouti on the Horn of Africa. We started 09 our careers as SEALs at the same time, and we were probably 10 flung together by a shared devotion to the smart-ass remark. 11 Also, neither of us could sleep if we were under the slightest 12 pressure. Our insomnia was shared like our humor. We used to 13 hang out together half the night, and I can truthfully say no one 14 ever made me laugh like that. 15 I was always razzing him about being dirty. We’d sometimes 16 go out on patrol every day for weeks, and there seems to be no 17 time to shower and no point in showering when you’re likely to 18 be up to your armpits in swamp water a few hours later. Here’s a 19 typical exchange between us, petty officer team leader to com- 20 missioned SEAL officer: 21 “Mikey, you smell like shit, for Christ’s sake. Why the hell 22 don’t you take a shower?” 23 “Right away, Marcus. Remind me to do that tomorrow, 24 willya?” 25 “Roger that, sir!” 26 For his nearest and dearest, he used a particularly large gift 27 shop, otherwise known as the U.S. highway system. I remember 28 him giving his very beautiful girlfriend Heather a gift-wrapped 29 traffic cone for her birthday. For Christmas, he gave her one of 30 S 31 N

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01 those flashing red lights which fit on top of those cones at night. 02 Gift-wrapped, of course. He once gave me a stop sign for my 03 birthday. 04 And you should have seen his traveling bag. It was enormous, 05 a big, cavernous hockey duffel bag, the kind carried by his fa- 06 vorite team, the New York Rangers. The single heaviest piece of 07 luggage in the entire navy. But it didn’t sport the Rangers logo. 08 On its top were two simple words: Piss off. 09 There was no situation for which he could not summon a 10 really smart-ass remark. Mikey was once involved in a terrible 11 and almost fatal accident, and one of the guys asked him to ex- 12 plain what happened. 13 “C’mon,” said the New York lieutenant, as if it were a subject 14 of which he was profoundly weary. “You’re always bringing up 15 that old shit. Fuggeddaboutit.” 16 The actual accident had happened just two days earlier. 17 He was also the finest officer I ever met, a natural leader, a 18 really terrific SEAL who never, ever bossed anyone around. It 19 was always Please. Always Would you mind? Never Do that, do 20 this. And he simply would not tolerate any other high-ranking 21 officer, commissioned or noncommissioned, reaming out one of 22 his guys. 23 He insisted the buck stopped with him. He always took the 24 hit himself. If a reprimand was due, he accepted the blame. But 25 don’t even try to go around him and bawl out one of his guys, 26 because he could be a formidable adversary when riled. And that 27 riled him. 28 He was excellent underwater, and a powerful swimmer. 29 Trouble was, he was a bit slow, and that was truly his only flaw. S 30 One time, he and I were on a two-mile training swim, and when N 31 I finally hit the beach I couldn’t find him. Finally I saw him

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splashing through the water about four hundred yards offshore. 01 Christ, he’s in trouble — that was my first thought. 02 So I charged back into the freezing sea and set out to rescue 03 him. I’m not a real fast runner, but I’m quick through the water, 04 and I reached him with no trouble. I should have known better. 05 “Get away from me, Marcus!” he yelled. “I’m a race car in the 06 red, highest revs on the TAC. Don’t mess with me, Marcus, not 07 now. You’re dealing with a race car here.” 08 Only Mike Murphy. If I told that story to any SEAL in our 09 platoon, withheld the name, and then asked who said it, every- 10 one would guess Mikey. 11 Sitting opposite me in the Hercules was Senior Chief Daniel 12 Richard Healy, another awesome Navy SEAL, six foot three, 13 thirty-seven, married to Norminda, father of seven children. He 14 was born in New Hampshire and joined the navy in 1990, ad- 15 vancing to serve in the SEAL teams and learning near-fluent 16 Russian. 17 Danny and I served in the same team, SDV Team 1, for three 18 years. He was a little older than most of us and referred to us as 19 his kids — as if he didn’t have enough. And he loved us all with 20 equal passion, both big families, his wife and children, sisters, 21 brothers, and parents, and the even bigger one hitherto based on 22 the island of Bahrain. Dan was worse than Mikey in his defense 23 of his SEALs. No one ever dared yell at any of us while he was 24 around. 25 He guarded his flock assiduously, researched every mission 26 with complete thoroughness, gathered the intel, checked the 27 maps, charts, photographs, all reconnaissance. Also, he paid at- 28 tention to the upcoming missions and made sure his kids were 29 always in the front line. That’s the place we were trained for, the 30 S place we liked to go. 31 N

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01 In many ways Dan was tough on everyone. There were times 02 when he and I did not see eye to eye. He was unfailingly certain 03 that his way was the best way, mostly the only way. But his heart 04 was in the right place at all times. Dan Healy was one hell of a 05 Navy SEAL, a role model for everything a senior chief should 06 be, an iron man who became a strategist and who knew his job 07 from A to Z. I talked face to face with big Dan almost every day 08 of my life. 09 Somewhere up above us, swinging in his hammock, headset 10 on, listening to rock-and-roll music, was Petty Ofﬁcer Second 11 Class Shane Patton, twenty-two-year-old surfer and skate- 12 boarder originally from Las Vegas, Nevada. My protégé. As the 13 primary communications operator, I had Shane as my number 14 two. Like a much younger Mike Murphy, he too was a virtuoso 15 at the smart-ass remark and, as you would expect, an outstand- 16 ing frogman. 17 It was hard for me to identify with Shane because he was so 18 different. I once walked into the comms center, and he was try- 19 ing to order a leopard-skin coat on the Internet. 20 “What the hell do you want that for?” I asked. 21 “It’s just so cool, man,” he replied, terminating further dis- 22 cussion. 23 A big, robust guy with blond hair and a relatively insolent 24 grin, Shane was supersmart. I never had to tell him anything. 25 He knew what to do at all times. At ﬁrst, this slightly irritated 26 me; you know, telling a much junior guy what you want done, 27 and it turns out he’s already done it. Every time. Took me a while 28 to get used to the fact I had an assistant who was damn near as 29 sharp as Matt Axelson. And that’s as sharp as it gets. S 30 Shane, like a lot of those beach gods, was hugely laid back. N 31 His buddies would probably call it supercool or some such word.

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But in a comms operator, that quality is damn near priceless. If 01 there’s a firefight going on, and Shane’s back at HQ manning the 02 radio, you’re listening to one ultracalm, very measured SEAL 03 communicator. Sorry, I meant dude. That was an all-purpose 04 word for Shane. Even I was a dude, according to him. Even the 05 president of the United States was a dude, according to him. 06 Actually he accorded President Bush the highest accolade, the 07 gold-plated Congressional Medal of Honor awarded by the surf 08 gods: He’s a real dude, man, a real dude. 09 He was the son of a Navy SEAL, and his quiet, rarely ut- 10 tered ambition was to be just like his dad, James J. Patton. He 11 wanted to be a member of the navy jump team, as his father had 12 once been. He completed basic airborne training at Fort Ben- 13 ning, Georgia, before he passed his SEAL qualification exams 14 and accepted orders to SDV Team 1, Alfa Platoon. Five months 15 later he joined us on the flight to Afghanistan. 16 Everything Shane did, all through his short life, was out- 17 standing. In high school he was the star pitcher and the best out- 18 fielder. He could play the guitar really well, ran a band called 19 True Story, the quality of which remains a bit of a mystery. He 20 was a super photographer and a skilled mechanic and engineer; 21 he’d single-handedly restored and customized two old Volks- 22 wagen Bugs. He had acquired another one that he told me would 23 become “the ultimate customized Bug, dude. That’s what I’m all 24 about.” 25 Shane was as good on a computer as anyone at the base. He 26 spent hours on it, some Web site called MySpace, always keep- 27 ing in touch with his friends: Hey, dude, howya been? 28 The sixth member of our group was James Suh, a twenty- 29 eight-year-old native of Chicago who was raised in south Florida. 30 S James had been with SDV Team 1 for three years before we left 31 N

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01 for Afghanistan, and during that time he became one of the best- 02 liked guys on the base. He had only one sibling, an older sister, 03 but he had about three hundred cousins, every one of whom he 04 was sworn to protect. 05 James, like his close buddy Shane, was another inordinately 06 tough SEAL, a petty officer second class. Like Shane, he’d gone 07 through basic airborne training at Fort Benning and gone for- 08 ward to join Alfa Platoon. 09 His early ambition had been to become a veterinarian, a dog 10 specialist. But James was born to be a SEAL and was passion- 11 ately proud of his membership in one of the most elite combat 12 outfits in the world and in his ability to defy the limits of physi- 13 cal and mental endurance. 14 Like Shane, he was a star high school athlete, outstanding 15 on both the swim and tennis teams. Academically, he was con- 16 stantly in the gifted and advanced classes. In our platoon, James 17 was right up there with Axe and Shane as a SEAL of high intel- 18 ligence and supreme reliability under fire. I never met one person 19 with a bad word to say about him. 20 21 22 It took us almost three hours to reach the Gulf of Oman. We’d 23 cut south of the Strait of Hormuz, staying well away from the 24 superhighway of world oil and gas tankers moving to and from 25 the massive loading docks of the Gulf of Iran. The Iranian navy 26 does its exercises down there, operating out of their main base at 27 Bandar Abbas and also farther down the coast, at their increas- 28 ingly active submarine base. 29 Not that we imagined some trigger-happy Iranian missile di- S 30 rector might take a pop at us with some fast heat-seeking weapon. N 31

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But caution was usually advisable around there, despite the fact 01 we had a very tough man in the White House who’d made clear 02 his policy of harsh retaliation at the merest suggestion of an at- 03 tack on U.S. air traffic, civilian or military. 04 You had to serve out here in the Middle East to understand 05 fully the feeling of danger, even threat, that was never far away, 06 even in countries generally regarded as friendly to America. Like 07 Bahrain. 08 The rugged part of the Omani coast I mentioned earlier is 09 around the point of land at Ras Musandam, with its deep fjords. 10 This most northerly rocky shelf which juts out into the Gulf of 11 Hormuz is the closest foreign point to the Iranian base at Bandar 12 Abbas. The stretch of coastline running south from that point 13 is much flatter, sloping down from the ancient Al Hajar Moun- 14 tains. We began our long ocean crossing somewhere down there, 15 north of Muscat, close to the Tropic of Cancer. 16 And as we crossed that coastline heading out toward the open 17 ocean, it really was good-bye, from me at least, to the Arabian 18 Peninsula and the seething Islamic states at the north end of the 19 gulf, Kuwait, Iraq, Syria, and Iran, that had dominated my life 20 and thoughts for the past couple of years. Especially Iraq. 21 I had first arrived there to join Team 5 back on April 14, 2003, 22 coming into the U.S. air base fifteen minutes out of Baghdad 23 with twelve other SEALs from Kuwait in an aircraft just like 24 this C-130. It was one week after the U.S. forces launched their 25 opening bombardment against the city, trying to nail Saddam 26 before the war really started. The Brits had just taken Basra. 27 On the same day I arrived, U.S. Marines took Tikrit, Saddam’s 28 hometown, and a few hours later the Pentagon announced that 29 major combat had concluded. None of which had the slightest 30 S 31 N

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01 bearing on our mission, which was to help root out and if neces- 02 sary destroy what little opposition was left and then help with 03 the search for weapons of mass destruction. 04 I had been in Baghdad just one day when President Bush de- 05 clared Saddam Hussein and his Ba’ath Party had fallen, and my 06 colleagues swiftly captured, that same day, Abu Abbas, leader 07 of the Palestinian Liberation Front, which attacked the Italian 08 cruise ship Achille Lauro in the Mediterranean in 1985. 09 Forty-eight hours later, on April 17, U.S. forces captured Sad- 10 dam’s half brother the infamous Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti. That 11 was the kind of stuff I was instantly involved in. I was one of 12 146,000 American and coalition troops in there, under the com- 13 mand of General Tommy Franks. It was my first experience of 14 close-quarter combat. It was the place where I learned the finer 15 points of my trade. 16 It was also the first inkling we had of the rise from the ashes 17 of Osama bin Laden’s followers. Sure, we knew they were still 18 around, still trying to regroup after the United States had just 19 about flattened them in Afghanistan. But it was not long before 20 we began to hear of an outfit called al Qaeda in Iraq, a malicious 21 terrorist group trying to cause mayhem at every conceivable 22 opportunity, led by the deranged Jordanian killer Abu Musab 23 al-Zarqawi (now deceased). 24 Our missions in the city were sometimes interrupted by in- 25 tense searches for whatever or whoever happened to be missing. 26 On my first day, four of us went out to some huge Iraqi lake area 27 looking for a missing F-18 Super Hornet fighter bomber and its 28 U.S. pilot. You probably remember the incident. I’ll never for- 29 get it. We came in low over the lake in our MH-47 Chinook S 30 helicopter and suddenly we spotted the tail of an aircraft jutting N 31

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out of the water. Right after that, we found the body of the pilot 01 washed up on the shore. 02 I remember feeling very sad, and it would not be for the last 03 time. I’d been in the country for less than twenty-four hours. At- 04 tached to Team 5, we were known as straphangers, extra muscle 05 drafted in for particularly dangerous situations. Our primary 06 mission was special surveillance and reconnaissance, photograph- 07 ing hot spots and danger areas using unbelievable photographic 08 lenses. 09 We carried out everything under the cover of darkness, wait- 10 ing patiently for many hours, watching our backs, keeping our 11 eyes on the target, firing computerized pictures back to base 12 from virtually inside the jaws of the enemy. 13 We worked usually in a very small unit of four SEALs. Out 14 on our own. This kind of close-quarter recon is the most dan- 15 gerous job of all. It’s lonely and often dull, and fraught with peril 16 should we be discovered. Sometimes, with a particularly valu- 17 able terrorist leader, we might go in and get him, trying to yank 18 him out of there alive. Brutal, no mercy. Generally speaking, the 19 Navy SEALs train the best recon units in the world. 20 It always makes me laugh when I read about “the proud free- 21 dom fighters in Iraq.” They’re not proud. They’d sell their own 22 mothers for fifty bucks. We’d go into some house, grab the guy 23 we believed was the ringleader, and march him outside into the 24 street. First thing he’d say was “Hey, hey, not me. You want those 25 guys in that house down the street.” Or “You give me dollars, I 26 tell you what you want to know.” 27 They would, and did. And what they told us was very often 28 extremely valuable. Most of those big military coups, like the 29 elimination of Saddam’s sons and the capture of Saddam himself, 30 S 31 N

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01 were the result of military intel. Somebody, someone from their 02 own side, shopped them, as they had shopped hundreds of oth- 03 ers. Anything for a buck, right? Pride? Those guys couldn’t even 04 spell it. 05 And that grade of intelligence is often hard-won. We’d go in 06 fast, driving into the most dangerous districts in the city, scream- 07 ing through the streets in Humvees, or even fast-roping in from 08 helicopters if necessary. We’d advance, city block by city block, 09 moving carefully through the dark, ready for someone to open 10 fire on us from a window, a building, somewhere on the opposite 11 side of the street, even a tower. It happened all the time. Some- 12 times we returned fire, always to much more deadly effect than 13 our enemy could manage. 14 And when we reached our objective, we’d either go in with 15 sledgehammers and a hooley — that’s a kind of a crowbar that 16 will rip a door right off its hinges — or we’d wrap the demo 17 around the lock and blast that sucker straight in. We always 18 made certain the blast was aimed inward, just in case someone 19 was waiting behind the door with an AK-47. It’s hard to survive 20 when a door comes straight at you at one hundred miles an hour 21 from point-blank range. 22 Occasionally, if we had an element of doubt about the strength 23 of the opposition behind that door, we would throw in a few 24 flash-crashes, which do not explode and knock down walls or 25 anything but do unleash a series of very loud, almost deafening 26 bangs accompanied by searing white flashes. Very disorienting 27 for our enemy. 28 Right then our lead man would head the charge inside the 29 building, which was always a shock for the residents. Even if we S 30 had not used the flash-crashes, they’d wake up real quick to face N 31 a group of big masked men, their machine guns leveled, shout-

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ing, daring anyone to make a move. Although these city houses 01 were mostly two-story, Iraqis tend to sleep downstairs, all of 02 them crowded together in the living room. 03 There might be someone upstairs trying to fire down on us, 04 which could be a massive pain in the ass. We usually solved that 05 with a well-aimed hand grenade. That may sound callous, but 06 your teammates are absolutely relying on the colleague with the 07 grenade, because the guy upstairs might also have one, and that 08 danger must be taken out. For your teammates. In the SEALs, 09 it’s always your teammates. No exceptions. 10 However, in the room downstairs, where the Iraqis were by 11 now in surrender mode, we’d look for the ringleader, the guy 12 who knew where the explosives were stored, the guy who had 13 access to the bomb-making kit or the weapons that would be 14 aimed straight at American soldiers. He was usually not that 15 difficult to find. We’d get some light in there and march him 16 directly to the window so the guys outside with the intel could 17 compare his face with photographs. 18 Often the photographs had been taken by the team I worked 19 in, and identification was swift. And while this process hap- 20 pened, the SEAL team secured the property, which means, 21 broadly, making darned sure the Iraqis under this sudden house 22 arrest had no access to any form of weaponry whatsoever. 23 Right then what the SEALs call A-guys usually showed up, 24 very professional, very steely, steadfast in their requirements 25 and the necessary outcome of the interrogation. They cared, 26 above all, about the quality of the informant’s information, 27 the priceless data which might save dozens of American lives. 28 Outside we usually had three or four SEALs patrolling wide, 29 to keep the inevitable gathering crowd at bay. When this was 30 S under control, with the A-guidance, we would question the 31 N

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01 ringleader, demanding he inform us where his terrorist cell was 02 operating. 03 Sometimes we would get an address. Sometimes names of 04 other ringleaders. Other times a man might inform us about 05 arms dumps, but this usually required money. If the guy we’d ar- 06 rested was especially stubborn, we’d cuff him and send him back 07 to base for a more professional interrogation. 08 But usually he came up with something. That’s the way we 09 gathered the intelligence we needed in order to locate and take 10 out those who would still fight for Saddam Hussein, even if his 11 government had fallen, even if his troops had surrendered and 12 the country was temporarily under American and British con- 13 trol. These were dangerous days at the conclusion of the formal 14 conflict. 15 Fired on from the rooftops, watching for car bombs, we 16 learned to fight like terrorists, night after night, moving like wild 17 animals through the streets and villages. There is no other way 18 to beat a terrorist. You must fight like him, or he will surely kill 19 you. That’s why we went in so hard, taking houses and build- 20 ings by storm, blowing the doors in, charging forward, oper- 21 ating strictly by the SEAL teams’ tried-and-trusted methods, 22 ingrained in us by years of training. 23 Because in the end, your enemy must ultimately fear you, un- 24 derstand your supremacy. That’s what we were taught, out there 25 in the absolute front line of U.S. military might. And that’s prob- 26 ably why we never lost one Navy SEAL in all my long months in 27 Iraq. Because we played it by the book. No mistakes. 28 At least nothing major. Although I admit in my first week in 29 Iraq we were subject to . . . well . . . a minor lapse in judgment after S 30 we found an Iraqi insurgent ammunition dump during a patrol N 31 along a river as sporadic shots were fired at us from the other

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side. There are those military officers who might have consid- 01 ered merely capturing the dump and confiscating the explosive. 02 SEALs react somewhat differently and generally look for a 03 faster solution. It’s not quite, Hey, hey, hey . . . this lot’s gotta go. But 04 that will do for broad guidelines. We planted our own explosives 05 in the building and then deferred to our EOD guy (explosive 06 ordnance disposal). He positioned us a ways back, but a couple 07 of us did wonder if it was quite far enough. 08 “No problem. Stay right where you are.” He was confident. 09 Well, that pile of bombs, grenades, and other explosives went 10 up like a nuclear bomb. At first there was just dust and small 11 bits of concrete flying around. But the blasts grew bigger and the 12 lumps of concrete from the building started to rain down on us. 13 Guys were diving everywhere, into trucks, under trucks, any- 14 where to get out of the way. One of our guys jumped into the 15 Tigris! We could hear these rocks and lumps of hard mud walls 16 raining down on us, hitting the trucks. It was amazing no one 17 was killed or hurt out there. 18 Eventually it all went quiet, and I crawled out, unscathed. The 19 EOD maestro was standing right next to me. “Beautiful,” I said. 20 “That went really well, didn’t it?” I wished Mike Murphy had 21 been there. He’d have come up with something better. 22 We worked for almost three months with SEAL Team 5 out 23 in the Baghdad suburbs. That was really where we were blooded 24 for battle, combing those urban streets, flushing out insurgents 25 wherever they hid. We needed all our skill, moving up to the 26 corner blocks, opening fire out there in the night as we rounded 27 these strange, dark, foreign street junctions. 28 The trouble was, the places often looked normal. But up close 29 you realized there were holes straight through the buildings. 30 S Some of them just had their front façade, the entire rear area 31 N

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01 having been blown out by U.S. bombs as the troops fought to 02 run down the murderous Saddam Hussein. 03 Thus we often found ourselves in what looked like respect- 04 able streets but which were in fact piles of rubble, perfect hiding 05 places for insurgents or even Sunni Muslim terrorists still fight- 06 ing for their erstwhile leader. 07 On one such night I was almost killed. I had moved out onto 08 the sidewalk, my rifle raised, as I fired to provide cover for my 09 teammates. I remember it vividly. I was standing astride a bomb, 10 directly over it, and I never even saw it. 11 One of the guys yelled, “Marcus! Move it!” and he came 12 straight toward me, hit me with the full force of his body, and 13 the pair of us rolled into the middle of the street. He was first up, 14 literally dragging me away. Moments later, our EOD guys blew 15 it up. Thankfully we were both now out of range, since it was 16 only a small improvised explosive made in someone’s kitchen. 17 Nevertheless, it would have killed me, or at the very least in- 18 flicted serious damage on my wedding tackle. 19 It was just another example of how amazingly sharp you need 20 to be in order to wear the SEAL Trident. Over and over during 21 training, we were told never to be complacent, reminded con- 22 stantly of the sheer cunning and unpredictability of our terrorist 23 enemy, of the necessity for total vigilance at all times, of the end- 24 less need to watch out for our teammates. Every night before our 25 mission, one of the senior petty officers would say, “C’mon now, 26 guys. Get your game faces on. This is for real. Stay on your toes. 27 Concentrate. That way you’ll live.” 28 I learned a lot about myself out there with Team 5, moving 29 through the dark, zigzagging across the ground, never doing S 30 anything the same way twice. That’s what the army does, ev- N 31

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erything the same way. We operate differently, because we are a 01 much smaller force. Even with a major city operation we never 02 travel in groups of more than twenty, and the recon units consist 03 of only four men. 04 It all causes your senses to go up tenfold, as you move quietly, 05 stealthily through the shadows, using the dead space, the areas 06 into which your enemy cannot see. Someone described us as the 07 shadow warriors. He was right. That’s what we are. And we al- 08 ways have a very clear objective, usually just one guy, one person 09 who is responsible for making the problem: the terrorist leader or 10 strategist. 11 And there’s a whole code of conduct to remember when you 12 finally catch up with him. First of all, make him drop his gun 13 and get his ass on the ground. He’ll usually do that without much 14 protest. Should he decide against this, we help him get on the 15 ground, quickly. But we never, never, turn around, even for a split 16 second. We never give these guys one inch of latitude. Because 17 he’ll pick that rifle up and shoot you at point-blank range, straight 18 in the back. He might even cut your throat if he had a chance. No 19 one can hate quite like a terrorist. Until you’ve encountered one of 20 these guys, you don’t understand the meaning of the word hate. 21 We found half-trained terrorists all over the world, mostly unfit 22 to handle a lethal weapon of any kind, especially those Russian- 23 made Kalashnikovs they use. First of all, the damn thing is in- 24 accurate, and in the hands of an hysteric, which most of them 25 are, the guns spray bullets all over the place. When these guys 26 go after an American, they usually fire blindly around a corner, 27 aiming at nothing in particular, and end up killing three passing 28 Iraqi civilians. Only by pure chance do they hit the American 29 soldier they wanted. 30 S 31 N

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01 On May 1, 2003, President Bush announced the military 02 phase of the war was over. Four days later it was revealed Sad- 03 dam and his son had heisted $1 billion in cash from the Central 04 Bank. Around that time, with the search for weapons of mass 05 destruction still under way, we were detailed to the gigantic Lake 06 Buhayrat ath Tharthar, where supposedly a large cache had been 07 hidden by Saddam. 08 This was a major stretch of water, nearly fifty miles long and 09 in some places thirty miles wide, set on a flat, verdant plain be- 10 tween the Euphrates and the Tigris, south of Tikrit. There’s a 11 huge dam at one end, and we were stationed just to the south at 12 a place named Hit. Seemed fitting. So we jocked up and combed 13 the deep, clear waters of that lake for about a week, every inch of 14 it. We were operating out of Zodiacs and found nothing except 15 for a bicycle tire and an old ladder. 16 As the weeks went by the weather grew hotter, sometimes 17 hitting 115°F. We kept going, working away through the nights. 18 There were times when it all seemed to grow calmer, and then 19 on July 4, a taped voice, which al-Jazeera television said was Sad- 20 dam, urged everyone to join the resistance and fight the U.S. 21 occupation to the death. 22 We thought that was kind of stupid, because we weren’t try- 23 ing to occupy anything. We were just trying to stop these crazy 24 pricks from blowing up and wiping out the civilian population 25 of the country we had just liberated from one of the biggest bas- 26 tards in history. 27 Didn’t much matter what we thought. The very next day a se- 28 rious bomb went off at a graduation ceremony for the new Iraqi 29 police class, trained by the United States. Seven new cops were S 30 killed and seventy more were wounded. God alone understood N 31 those to whom that made sense.

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We continued our operations, looking for the key insurgents, 01 forcing or bribing the information out of them. But it already 02 seemed their recruiting numbers were limitless. No matter how 03 many we ran to ground, there were always more. It was around 04 this time we first heard of the rise of this sinister group who 05 called themselves al Qaeda in Iraq. It was an undisguised terror- 06 ist operation, dedicated to mayhem and murder, especially of us. 07 However, the whole movement received a severe blow to its 08 morale on July 22, when Saddam’s sons, Uday and Qusay, who 09 were at least as evil as their dad, were finally nailed at a house 10 in Mosul. I’m not allowed to speak of this highly classified op- 11 eration, save to mention the pair of them were killed when U.S. 12 Special Forces flattened the entire building. Their deaths were 13 entirely due to the fact that a couple of their devoted, loyal com- 14 rades, full of pride in their fight for freedom, betrayed them. For 15 money. Just as they would later betray Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. 16 Despite all our efforts, the suicide bombers just continued, 17 young Iraqis convinced by the teachings of the extremist ayatol- 18 lahs that the murder of their perceived enemies would open the 19 gateway to paradise for them — that the three trumpets would 20 sound and they would cross the bridge into the arms of Allah 21 and everlasting happiness. 22 So they just went right back at it. A bomb killed a U.S. sol- 23 dier on August 26, which meant there had now been more U.S. 24 lives lost since the conflict ended than during the battle. On Au- 25 gust 29, a massive car bomb exploded outside a Shiite mosque in 26 Najaf and killed eighty people, including the revered and greatly 27 loved Shiite leader Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Hakin. 28 In our opinion, this was rapidly getting out of hand. It seemed 29 no matter what we did, no matter how many of these nuts we 30 S rounded up, how much explosive, bombs, or weapons we located, 31 N

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01 there was always more. And always more young men quite happy 02 to take that shortcut to the trumpets, get right over that bridge 03 and plug into some quality happiness. 04 By now, late August, the question of the missing WMDs 05 was growing more urgent. Hans Blix, the United Nations’ chief 06 weapons inspector, had retired from public life, and the U.S. 07 Armed Forces were now keeping a careful watch. In our view, 08 the question of whether Saddam Hussein had biological and 09 chemical weapons was answered. Of course he did. He used 10 them in Halabja, right? 11 I guess by now the issue in the minds of the American pub- 12 lic was, Did he have a nuclear weapon, an atom bomb? But, of 13 course, that is not the most significant question. The one that 14 counts is, Did he have a nuclear program? 15 Because that would mean he was trying to produce weapons- 16 grade uranium-235. You get that from using a centrifuge to spin 17 uranium-238, thus driving the heavy neutrons outward, like 18 water off the lettuce in a salad spinner. It’s a hell of a process and 19 takes up to seven years, at which time, if you’ve had a trouble- 20 free run, you cut off the outside edges of the uranium and there 21 you have a large hunk of heavy-molecule uranium-235. Cut that 22 in half and then slam the two pieces together by high explosive 23 in a confined steel space, like a rocket or a bomb, and right there 24 it’s Hiroshima all over again. 25 And that’s the issue: Was Saddam spinning for uranium-235, 26 and if so, where did he get the uranium in the first place? And 27 where was he conducting his program? Remember, there is no 28 other reason on this earth to want uranium-235 except to make 29 an atom bomb. S 30 We knew the American intelligence agencies believed he had N 31 such a program, that somewhere in this vast country — it’s bigger

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than Germany, nearly as big as Texas — there were centrifuges 01 trying to manufacture the world’s most dangerous substance. 02 That was all the information we had. But we knew what to 03 look for, and we would most certainly have recognized it if we 04 had found it. Did Saddam actually own the completed article, a 05 ﬁnely tuned atomic bomb or missile? Probably not. No one ever 06 thought he did. But as former defense secretary Donald Rums- 07 feld once remarked, “What do you want to do? Leave him there 08 till he does?” 09 You may remember the CIA believed they had uncovered 10 critical evidence from the satellite pictures of those enormous 11 government trucks rolling along Iraq’s highways: four of them, 12 usually in convoy, and all big enough to house two centrifuges. 13 The accepted opinion was that Saddam had a mobile spinning 14 program which could not easily be found, and in fact could be 15 either lost and buried in the desert or alternatively driven across 16 the border into Syria or even Jordan. 17 Well, we found those trucks, hidden in the desert, parked 18 together. But the inside of each one had been roughly gutted. 19 There was nothing left. We saw the trucks, and in my opinion 20 someone had removed whatever they had contained, and in a 21 very great hurry. 22 I also saw the al Qaeda training camp north of Baghdad. That 23 had been abandoned, but it was stark evidence of the strong links 24 between the Iraqi dictator and Osama bin Laden’s would-be 25 warriors. Traces of the camp’s military purpose were all around. 26 Some of the guys who had been in Afghanistan said it was just 27 about a direct replica of the camp the United States destroyed 28 after 9/11. 29 There were many times when we really were chasing shadows 30 S out there in that burning hot, sandy wilderness. Especially in 31 N

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01 our coastal searches. Out there, often in uncharted desert waste- 02 land near the water, we’d see rocket launchers in the distance 03 and drive right onto them, only to ﬁnd they were just decoys, 04 huge fake missile containers pointing at the sky, made out of 05 scrap metal and old iron bars. 06 After a two-day drive over rough country in unbelievable 07 heat, that counted as a very grave inconvenience. If our team had 08 ultimately found Saddam in his hidey-hole, we’d probably have 09 shot him dead for a lot of reasons but especially on the strength 10 of those wasted desert runs. ( Just joking.) 11 I’ll say one thing. That Iraqi president was one wily devil, 12 ducking and diving between his thirteen palaces, evading cap- 13 ture, making tape recordings, urging the dregs of his armed 14 forces to keep killing us, encouraging the insurgents to continue 15 the war against the great Satan (that’s us). 16 It was tough out there. But in many ways I’m grateful for the 17 experience. I learned precisely how seditious and cunning an 18 enemy could be. I learned never to underestimate him. And I 19 learned to stay right on top of my game all of the time in order to 20 deal with it. No complacency. 21 Looking back, during our long journey in the C-130 to Af- 22 ghanistan, I was more acutely aware of a growing problem which 23 faces U.S. forces on active duty in theaters of war all over the 24 world. For me, it began in Iraq, the ﬁrst murmurings from the 25 liberal part of the U.S.A. that we were somehow in the wrong, 26 brutal killers, bullying other countries; that we who put our lives 27 on the line for our nation at the behest of our government should 28 somehow be charged with murder for shooting our enemy. 29 It’s been an insidious progression, the criticisms of the U.S. S 30 Armed Forces from politicians and from the liberal media, N 31

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which knows nothing of combat, nothing of our training, and 01 nothing of the mortal dangers we face out there on the front 02 line. Each of the six of us in that aircraft en route to Afghanistan 03 had constantly in the back of our minds the ever-intrusive rules 04 of engagement. 05 These are drawn up for us to follow by some politician sit- 06 ting in some distant committee room in Washington, D.C. And 07 that’s a very long way from the battlefield, where a sniper’s bullet 08 can blast your head, where the slightest mistake can cost your 09 life, where you need to kill your enemy before he kills you. 10 And those ROE are very specific: we may not open fire until 11 we are fired upon or have positively identified our enemy and 12 have proof of his intentions. Now, that’s all very gallant. But how 13 about a group of U.S. soldiers who have been on patrol for sev- 14 eral days; have been fired upon; have dodged rocket-propelled 15 grenades and homemade bombs; have sustained casualties; and 16 who are very nearly exhausted and maybe slightly scared? 17 How about when a bunch of guys wearing colored towels 18 around their heads and brandishing AK-47s come charging over 19 the horizon straight toward you? Do you wait for them to start 20 killing your team, or do you mow the bastards down before they 21 get a chance to do so? 22 That situation might look simple in Washington, where the 23 human rights of terrorists are often given high priority. And I 24 am certain liberal politicians would defend their position to the 25 death. Because everyone knows liberals have never been wrong 26 about anything. You can ask them. Anytime. 27 However, from the standpoint of the U.S. combat soldier, 28 Ranger, SEAL, Green Beret, or whatever, those ROE repre- 29 sent a very serious conundrum. We understand we must obey 30 S 31 N

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01 them because they happen to come under the laws of the country 02 we are sworn to serve. But they represent a danger to us; they 03 undermine our confidence on the battlefield in the fight against 04 world terror. Worse yet, they make us concerned, disheartened, 05 and sometimes hesitant. 06 I can say from firsthand experience that those rules of engage- 07 ment cost the lives of three of the finest U.S. Navy SEALs who 08 have ever served. I’m not saying that, given the serious situation, 09 those elite American warriors might not have died a little later, 10 but they would not have died right then, and in my view would 11 almost certainly have been alive today. 12 I am hopeful that one day soon, the U.S. government will learn 13 that we can be trusted. We know about bad guys, what they do, 14 and, often, who they are. The politicians have chosen to send us 15 into battle, and that’s our trade. We do what’s necessary. And in 16 my view, once those politicians have elected to send us out to do 17 what 99.9 percent of the country would be terrified to undertake, 18 they should get the hell out of the way and stay there. 19 This entire business of modern war crimes, as identified by 20 the liberal wings of politics and the media, began in Iraq and 21 has been running downhill ever since. Everyone’s got to have 22 his little hands in it, blathering on about the public’s right to 23 know. 24 Well, in the view of most Navy SEALs, the public does not 25 have that right to know, not if it means placing our lives in un- 26 necessary peril because someone in Washington is driving him- 27 self mad worrying about the human rights of some cold-hearted 28 terrorist fanatic who would kill us as soon as look at us, as well 29 as any other American at whom he could point that wonky old S 30 AK of his. N 31 If the public insists it has the right to know, which I very

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much doubt, perhaps the people should go and face for them- 01 selves armed terrorists hell-bent on killing every single Ameri- 02 can they can. 03 I promise you, every insurgent, freedom fighter, and stray 04 gunman in Iraq who we arrested knew the ropes, knew that the 05 way out was to announce he had been tortured by the Americans, 06 ill treated, or prevented from reading the Koran or eating his 07 breakfast or watching the television. They all knew al-Jazeera, 08 the Arab broadcasters, would pick it up, and it would be relayed 09 to the U.S.A., where the liberal media would joyfully accuse all 10 of us of being murderers or barbarians or something. Those ter- 11 rorist organizations laugh at the U.S. media, and they know ex- 12 actly how to use the system against us. 13 I realize I am not being specific, and I have no intention of 14 being so. But these broad brushstrokes are designed to show that 15 the rules of engagement are a clear and present danger, frighten- 16 ing young soldiers, who have been placed in harm’s way by their 17 government, into believing they may be charged with murder if 18 they defend themselves too vigorously. 19 I am not a political person, and as a Navy SEAL I am sworn 20 to defend my country and carry out the wishes of my commander 21 in chief, the president of the United States, whoever he may be, 22 Republican or Democrat. I am a patriot; I fight for the U.S.A. 23 and for my home state of Texas. I simply do not want to see some 24 of the best young men in the country hesitating to join the elite 25 branches of the U.S. Armed Services because they’re afraid they 26 might be accused of war crimes by their own side, just for attack- 27 ing the enemy. 28 And I know one thing for certain. If I ever rounded a moun- 29 tainside in Afghanistan and came face to face with Osama bin 30 S Laden, the man who masterminded the vicious, unprovoked 31 N

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01 attack on my country, killing 2,752 innocent American civilians 02 in New York on 9/11, I’d shoot him dead, in cold blood. 03 At which point, urged on by an outraged American media, 04 the military would probably incarcerate me under the jail, never 05 mind in it. And then I’d be charged with murder. 06 Tell you what. I’d still shoot the sonofabitch. 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 S 30 N 31

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