Scientific Findings: Renewable Energies Scientific Awards

The Solar Energy, an Alternative for Fossil Energies Nobel Prize Winners in Physics A. N. Azad * 1 F. Kanjouri *1, M. Shabani 2

Nowadays, increasing energy demand is one of the challenges that confront the humankind. Limita- Among the various academic awards in the field of physics, the Nobel Prize is considered the most pres- tion of fossil fuels source clarifies the importance of new and renewable energies. Renewable en- tigious international award. Since 1901 the Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal ergy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Solar energy is one of them. Swedish Academy of Sciences. There have been a few years in which the Nobel Prize was not awarded, The sun contains extreme amount of energy. The solar energy is not uniformly distributed on the particularly during World War I and II. The Nobel Prize in Physics was not awarded on six occasions: earth’s surface. Insulation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, and 1942. It has been awarded 105 times to 192 Nobel Laureates be- and recorded during a given time. Little contribution of solar energy in the world energy usage is tween 1901 and 2011. John Bardeen is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize due to the distribution on a very wide area and periodic variations. Nevertheless, the solar energy is in Physics twice, in 1956 and 1972. safe and free, so it is the best alternative for fossil fuels. Modern technologies serve as approaches The youngest Nobel Laureate in Physics is Lawrence Bragg, who was 25 years old when he was award- to make it more applicable and pervasive. ed the Nobel Prize with his father in 1915. Bragg is not only the youngest Physics Laureate; he is also Keywords: Energy, Fossil Fuels, Renewable Energies, Sun, Solar Energy, Solar Cell. the youngest Nobel Laureate in any Nobel Prize area. The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physics to date is Raymond Davis, who was 88 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2002. The United States has won the more Nobel prizes in physics. In Asian countries, only Japan, China, India and Pakistan have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Among them, Japan is in the 1st place with winning 7 prizes. Mohammad Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist is the only Muslim scientist who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. There are only two women in the world who have been won the Nobel Prize in physics. Keywords: Nobel Prize, Nobel Laureates in Physics, Nobel Prize Awarded Women.

* Tel: (+98 241) 415 2209 Fax: (+98 241) 415 2104.Email: [email protected]. *.Corresponding Author, Tel/ Fax: (+9821)66494688, Email: [email protected]. 1. Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran. 1.Physics Department, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran. 2.Gezin Teb Co., Science and Technology Park, University of Tehran, Iran.

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