General Sense Organs Sensory receptors

Transducer

General Senses Proprioception

Law of specific nerve energies Special Sensory Organs • Meissner’s corpuscle (localized) • end-bulb of Krause • corpuscle of Ruffini • Mechanoreceptors • Chemoreceptors • Photoreceptors Pattern theory of sensation

1 Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors lateral line lateral line vestibular system vestibular system auditory system auditory system

Mechanoreceptor Mechanoreceptors Lateral line Neuromast organ

Lateral line Vestibular Auditory

Mechanoreceptors Ampullae of Lorenzini

Lateral line Vestibular Auditory

Electroreceptors

2 Vestibular Vestibular Apparatus Apparatus

Otoliths

Mechanoreceptors

Lateral line Vestibular Auditory

Angular Gravity/motion acceleration orientation

Vestibular Apparatus Auditory System Otoliths

Meatuses external Ear middle internal

3 External Middle

Inner External

Middle

4 Internal

Organ of Corti

Organ of Corti

s. vestibuli s. media s. tympani

Basilar High pitch Low pitch membrane

External Auditory Meatus Special Sensory Organs Gather (localized) Middle Auditory Meatus Transmit Transform • Mechanoreceptors Amplify •Radiation Receptors Internal Auditory Meatus Detect •Chemoreceptors

5 Electromagnetic Radiation Sensory Systems

• Radiation receptors

Photoreceptors

Infrared receptors

KARDONG AND BERKHOUDT, 1999

Eye • sclera scleral ossicles cornea • choroid vascular iris ciliary body—lens tapetum lucidum • retina rods and cones (B&W) (Color Chambers

6 Eye • sclera scleral ossicles cornea • choroid vascular iris ciliary body—lens tapetum lucidum • retina rods and cones (B&W) (Color Chambers

Eye • sclera scleral ossicles cornea • choroid vascular iris ciliary body—lens tapetum lucidum • retina rods and cones (B&W) (Color Chambers

Accommodation

7 Special Sensory Organs (localized) Stereoscopic (paralax)

• Mechanoreceptors •Radiation receptors

Thalamus •Chemoreceptors

Flehmen

Chemoreception

“Taste” Smell -olfactory epithelium -vomeronasal organ

8 Sensory Systems

• Chemosensory receptors

Olfactory epithelium Vomeronasal organ (=Jacobsen’s organ)

FROM KARDONG, 1998

9 10 Environment

HOLDING BOX • Scampers off – dies BASE • Breaks visual contact • Complex topography ARM • Multiple odor trails • Scent decay • Specific prey

11 Poststrike Trailing 1)Sn Struck > Unstruck (venom) (no venom) same/different Memory Venom > Mouse Odor 2) Sn Struck > Unstruck (no venom) (no venom)

3) Sn Struck > Hand Struck (no venom) (no venom) different mice: YES same mouse: NO Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture

1)Sn Struck > Unstruck (venom) (no venom) same/different Memory Venom > Mouse Odor 2) Sn Struck > Unstruck (no venom) (no venom)

3) Sn Struck > Hand Struck (no venom) (no venom) different mice: YES same mouse: NO Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture

12 1)Sn Struck > Unstruck 1)Sn Struck > Unstruck (venom) (no venom) (venom) (no venom) same/different same/different Memory Venom > Mouse Odor Memory Venom > Mouse Odor 2) Sn Struck > Unstruck 2) Sn Struck > Unstruck (no venom) (no venom) (no venom) (no venom)

3) Sn Struck > Hand Struck 3) Sn Struck > Hand Struck (no venom) (no venom) (no venom) (no venom) different mice: YES different mice: YES same mouse: NO Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture same mouse: NO Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture 4) Venom > Mouse Odor > Fang

Environment Conclusion • Rattlesnakes strike and release their prey • Scampers off – dies • Breaks visual contact • Complex topography • Multiple odor trails • Scent decay • Specific prey

Sensory Systems 1) Radiation Receptors: Prestrike/Strike Eyes Facial Pits 2) Chemosensory Receptors: Poststrike Selective Priority: Venom>Mouse>Fang Chemical profile Memory

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